Computer FundamentalsIC3 Chapter 1

Computers and Computer Systems

List 5 Ways You Use Computers In Everyday Life

• Educational institutions use computers to enhance instruction in all disciplines and to provide online instructions

• Video game systems transport you to an imaginary world

• Using ATM’s, you can withdraw money from your bank account from almost any location in the world

List 5 Ways You Use Computers In Everyday Life (cont)

• On television and at the movies, you can see instant replays in sports or amazing special effects that take you to outer space

• Mobile computing, text messaging, e-mail, and online audio/video conferencing allow you to communicate with people at almost any location

Question 2

2. Computers have been around for more than ____ years and were developed in the late ____ and early 1950s. They were designed initially for use by the ____ and the _____.

• 60• 1940’s• Military• Government

Question 3

3. What did Dr. Ted Hoff develop in 1971?

• Microprocessor

Question 4

4. Who built the first Apple computers in 1976?

• Steve Jobs

• Steve Wozniak

Question 5

5. In 1980, Bill Gates worked with ____ to develop the ____ ____ ____ (DOS) for the IBM PC which became the PC of choice for businesses.

• IBM• Disk Operating System

Question 6

A computer is an ____ that receives data, ____ data, stores data, and ____ a result.

• Electronic Device • Processes• Produces

Question 7

A Computer System Includes:

• Hardware• Software• Data• People

Question 8

The Hardware Includes:

• Wires• Transistors• Circuits

Question 9

9. _____ devices such as printers and monitors are also called hardware.

• Peripheral

Question 10

10. ____ consists of the instructions or programs for controlling the computer.

• Software

Question 11

11. ____ is text, numbers, sound, images, or video.

• Data

Question 12

12. List the four steps (in order) for the information processing cycle:

Inputs Data, Processes Data, Stores Information and Data, Outputs Information

Question 13

• 13. Listed below are several parts of a computer. Next to each part, determine which function it performs. (I, P, S, O).

Keyboard _____ Monitor _____Mouse _____ Printer _____CPU _____ Flash Drive_____

Question 14

14. A computer performs only two operations:

• Arithmetic Computations

• Logical Operations (AND, OR, NOT)

Six Types of General Purpose Computers

1. Desktop and Notebook

2. Server - Used by small to medium sized companies and can support a few hundred users. (File Server {Network}, Database Server, Web Server)

3. Mobile Devices

Six Types of General Purpose Computers

4. Tablet PC5. Mainframe Computer - Used by large

companies, a large, expensive computer capable of supporting hundreds or even thousands of users

6. Supercomputer - Fastest type, government agencies and large corporations used for specialized applications to process enormous amounts of data

Other Computer Devices

• Embedded Computers• Portable Music and Media Players• Calculators• Computer Game Systems• Electronic Book Readers

17. What is the CPU?

• Brains of the Computer. Contains millions of switches and pathways that help your computer make important decisions.

17. What is Arithmetic/Logic Unit (ALU)

• One of Two Parts of the CPU: Performs arithmetic computations and logical operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division). These determine what you appears on your screen.

17. What is the Control Unit?

• One of Two Parts of the CPU: The boss. Coordinates all of the processors activities.

Question 18

18. The smallest unit of measurement is a ______.

• Bit

Question 19

19. A byte is made up of ______ bits.

• 8

20. Complete the Table

Term Abbreviation Number of Bytes

Kilobyte K or KB 1,024

Megabyte MB 1,048,576

Gigabyte GB 1,073,741,824

Terabyte TB 1,099,511,627,776

Question 21

21. _____ is found on the motherboard. The easiest way to remember memory is in terms of short term or long term memory.

• Memory

Question 22

22. Memory on the motherboard is ____. This is called RAM or ____.

• Short-Term

• Random Access Memory

Question 23

23. When a computer is turned off or loses power, whatever is stored in the RAM will ____.

• Disappear

Question 2424. Another type of memory you will find on the

motherboard is called ROM which stands for ____. This type of chip ___ that are needed for computer operations. A computer can _____ from a ROM chip, but it cannot write or store data on the chip.

• Read Only Memory• Stores Specific Instructions• Read

Question 25

25. Magnetic Storage Devices

• As disk rotates, it is read by an electromagnetic read/write head

• Data is stored by numbered tracks• Data is stored in a File Allocation Table (FAT)

Question 25 (cont)

25. Hard Disk

• Can be internal or external

• Data Access is Faster

• More Storage Space than removable Drives

Question 25 (cont)

25. Magnetic Tape

• Primarily used to back-up files • Come in a variety of shapes and sizes • Used to store large amounts of data – Process

is slow. Used as a back-up to a hard drive

Question 25 (cont)25. 3 ½ Inch disks or Zip Disks

• Coated with a Hard Plastic Case

• Limited storage Capacity

• Replaced now by USB storage devices

Question 25 (cont)25. Optical Storage Devices

• Use Laser technology to read and write

• Storage devices referred to as Discs

• CD’s and DVD’s are available in ROM, R, or RW format

Question 25 (cont)25. Solid State Storage Media

• Referred to as Removable Media

• Done completely electronically, no mechanical parts

• Used for cameras, PDA’s, music players, Flash Drives

Question 25 (cont)25. Network Drives

• Hard or Tape Drive stored located on a computer other than the user’s local system

• Connected to Network and shared by multiple users

• Can be accessed from any computer on the network

Question 26

26. List rules for caring for storage media:

1. Avoid Extreme Temperatures 2. Keep away from magnets 3. When handling DVD’s and CD’s, hold at the

edges 4. Remove from computer when not in use and

store properly