computer studies, uses, computer application and appreciation
TRANSCRIPT
COMPUTER STUDIES AND USE
COMPUTER APPRECIATION
&
APPLICATION
Comp. Appreciation&Application by Comp. Appreciation&Application by Adekunle Oladimeji Adekunle Oladimeji
What is a Computer?What is a Computer?A computer is an electronic device that manipulates information, or data. It has
the ability to store, retrieve, and process data.
DEFINITION OF COMPUTERDEFINITION OF COMPUTER
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Uses of a Computer are as followsUses of a Computer are as followsA Computer can be use to type a A Computer can be use to type a documentdocumentIt can be used to play a gameIt can be used to play a game
It can be used to send an e-mailIt can be used to send an e-mail
It can be use to browse the webIt can be use to browse the web
You can also use it to edit or You can also use it to edit or create spreadsheets, presentations, and create spreadsheets, presentations, and even videos.even videos.
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TYPES OF COMPUTER:TYPES OF COMPUTER:1.1. Super computers Super computers
2. Mainframes computers
3.3. Mini computerMini computer
4.4. Desktop computersDesktop computers
5.5. Notebooks/Laptop computersNotebooks/Laptop computers
6. Palmtop/Tablet computers
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SUPERCOMPUTERSSUPERCOMPUTERSSUPERCOMPUTERS: It is the most powerful computers in terms of performance and data processing are the supercomputers. These are specialized and task specific computers used by large organizations. These computers are used for research and exploration purposes, like NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) uses supercomputers for launching space shuttles, controlling them and for space exploration purpose. The supercomputers are very expensive and very large in size. It can be accommodated in large air-conditioned rooms; some super computers can span an entire building.
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MAINFRAMES COMPUTERMAINFRAMES COMPUTER Mainframes Computer: Although Mainframes are not as
powerful as supercomputers, but certainly they are quite expensive nonetheless, and many large firms & government organizations uses Mainframes to run their business operations.
The Mainframe computers can be accommodated in large air-conditioned rooms because of its size. Super-computers are the fastest computers with large data storage capacity, Mainframes can also process & store large amount of data. Banks educational institutions & insurance companies use mainframe computers to store data about their customers, students & insurance policy holders.
Comp. Appreciation&Application by Comp. Appreciation&Application by Adekunle Oladimeji Adekunle Oladimeji
MINICOMPUTERSMINICOMPUTERSMinicomputers are used by small businesses & firms. Minicomputers are also called as “Midrange Computers”. These are small machines and can be accommodated on a disk with not as processing and data storage capabilities as super-computers & Mainframes.
These computers are not designed for a single user. Individual departments of a large company or organizations use Mini-computers for specific purposes. For example, a production department can use Mini-computers for monitoring certain production process.
Comp. Appreciation&Application by Comp. Appreciation&Application by Adekunle Oladimeji Adekunle Oladimeji
DESKTOP COMPUTERSDESKTOP COMPUTERSA desktop computer is a
personal computer in a form
intended for regular use at a single
location desk/table due to its size and
power requirements, as opposed to a
laptop whose rechargeable battery
and compact dimensions allow it to
be regularly carried and used in
different locations.Comp. Appreciation&Application by Comp. Appreciation&Application by
Adekunle Oladimeji Adekunle Oladimeji ([email protected])([email protected])
LAPTOPS/NOTE BOOKS LAPTOPS/NOTE BOOKS COMPUTERSCOMPUTERS
Laptop/Note Books
Computers have similar
functionality to desktops,
but are mobile.
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PALMTOP/TABLETSA Palmtop PC was an about A Palmtop PC was an about pocket calculator-sized, -sized,
battery-powered battery-powered PC in a horizontal clamshell in a horizontal clamshell
design with integrated keyboard and display. It design with integrated keyboard and display. It
could be used like a could be used like a subnotebook, but was light , but was light
enough to be comfortably used handheld as well. enough to be comfortably used handheld as well.
Most Palmtop PCs were small enough to be stored Most Palmtop PCs were small enough to be stored
in a user's shirt or jacket pocket.in a user's shirt or jacket pocket.
A tablet computer is a A tablet computer is a mobile computer with a with a
touchscreen display, , circuitry and and battery in a single in a single
device. Tablets come equipped with sensors, device. Tablets come equipped with sensors,
including including cameras, a , a microphone and an and an
accelerometer, and the touchscreen display uses , and the touchscreen display uses
finger or stylus finger or stylus gestures substituting for the use of substituting for the use of
computer mouse and and keyboard..
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GENERATIONS OF COMPUTERGENERATIONS OF COMPUTER
The first computers used vacuum
tubes for circuitry and
magnetic drums for memory, and
were often enormous, taking up
entire rooms.
They were very expensive to
operate and in addition to using a
great deal of electricity, generated a
lot of heat, which was often the
cause of malfunctions.
First Generation (1940-1956) Vacuum Tubes
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GENERATIONS OF COMPUTERGENERATIONS OF COMPUTER
Transistors replaced vacuum tubes and ushered in the second generation of computers. The transistor was invented in 1947 but did not see widespread use in computers until the late 1950s.
The transistor was far superior to the vacuum tube, allowing computers to become smaller, faster, cheaper, more energy-efficient and more reliable than their first-generation predecessors.
Second Generation(1956-1963) Transistors
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GENERATIONS OF COMPUTERGENERATIONS OF COMPUTER
The development of the
integrated circuit was the hallmark of
the third generation of computers.
Transistors were miniaturized and
placed on silicon chips, called
semiconductors, which drastically
increased the speed and efficiency of
computers.
Third Generation (1964-1971) Integrated Circuits
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GENERATIONS OF COMPUTERGENERATIONS OF COMPUTER
The microprocessor brought the fourth generation of computers, as thousands of integrated circuits were built onto a single silicon chip. What in the first generation filled an entire room could now fit in the palm of the hand. The Intel 4004 chip, developed in 1971, located all the components of the computer—from the central processing unit and memory to input/output controls—on a single chip.
Fourth Generation (1971-Present) Microprocessors
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GENERATIONS OF COMPUTERGENERATIONS OF COMPUTER
Fifth generation computing devices,
based on artificial intelligence, are still
in development, though there are
some applications, such as
voice recognition, that are being used
today. The use of parallel processing
and superconductors is helping to
make artificial intelligence a reality.
Fifth Generation (Present and Beyond) Artificial Intelligence
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PARTS & COMPONENTS PARTS & COMPONENTS OF A COMPUTEROF A COMPUTER
3. 3. KEYBOARDKEYBOARD 4. MOUSE4. MOUSE
1. MONITORMONITOR 2. CENTRAL PROCESSING UNITCENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT
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COMPUTER PHERIPHERAL (INPUT/OUTPUT) DEVICES
Input and output devices are typically housed externally to the main computer chassis. The following are either standard or very common to many computer systems.
Input devices allow the user to enter information into the system, or control its operation. Most personal computers have a mouse and keyboard, but laptop systems typically use a touchpad instead of a mouse. Other input devices include webcams, microphones, joysticks, game pad and image scanners.
Output devices display information in a human readable form. Such devices could include printers, speakers, projector, LCD, monitors or a Braille embosser.Comp. Appreciation&Application by Comp. Appreciation&Application by
Adekunle Oladimeji Adekunle Oladimeji ([email protected])([email protected])
TYPES OF SOFTWARE AND THEIR APPLICATIONOPERATING SYSTEMS
An operating system is the most important program that
runs on a computer. Every general-purpose computer
must have an operating system to run other programs
and applications.
Operating systems perform basic tasks, such as
recognizing input from the keyboard, sending output to
the display screen, keeping track of files and
directories on the disk, and controlling
peripheral devices such as disk drives and printers.Comp. Appreciation&Application by Comp. Appreciation&Application by
Adekunle Oladimeji Adekunle Oladimeji ([email protected])([email protected])
Examples of Operating SystemExamples of Operating System Window 98
Windows 2000
Windows NT
Window XP
Window Vista
Window 7
Window 8
Window 10.
UNIX
LINUXComp. Appreciation&Application by Comp. Appreciation&Application by
Adekunle Oladimeji Adekunle Oladimeji ([email protected])([email protected])
APPLICATION SOFTWAREApplication software, or simply applications, are often called productivity programs or end-user programs because they enable the user to complete tasks such as creating documents, spreadsheets, databases, and publications, doing online research, sending email, designing graphics, running businesses, and even playing games!
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EXAMPLES OF APPLICATION SOFTWARE
Game (Scrabble, Car Race, Football e.t.c)
Drawing (Corel Draw, Photoshop e.t.c)
Playing Music (Winamp, Vlc, Kpm)
Shopping (Jumia, Konga et.c.)
Record Keeping (Microsoft Applications)
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BOOTING
What is Booting?
Booting is a process or set of operations that loads and hence starts the operating system, starting from the point when user switches on the power button.
DVD/CD DriveHard Disk Drive / USB DriveNetwork
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([email protected])([email protected])
Booting Devices are as follows:
WORM AND COLD BOOTING
When a Computer is turned on it is called WORM BOOTING and when its is switched off it is called COLD BOOTING
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USING THE COMPUTERWORD PROCESSINGWORD PROCESSING: : Word Word processingprocessing is a term that means using a is a term that means using a
computer to create, edit, and print documents. Word computer to create, edit, and print documents. Word processorsprocessors are the are the
most common types of applicationsmost common types of applications . . Microsoft WordMicrosoft Word
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SPREADSHEETSPREADSHEET : A spreadsheet is an interactive SPREADSHEET : A spreadsheet is an interactive computer application
program for organization, analysis and storage of program for organization, analysis and storage of data in in tabular form. form.
Spreadsheets developed as computerized simulations of paper Spreadsheets developed as computerized simulations of paper
accounting accounting worksheets(Microsoft Excel).(Microsoft Excel).
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PRESENTATIONThe term "PowerPoint presentation" was coined when Microsoft The term "PowerPoint presentation" was coined when Microsoft
introduced its software program introduced its software program PowerPointPowerPoint. PowerPoint is . PowerPoint is
commonly used by presenters as a digital aid when presenting their commonly used by presenters as a digital aid when presenting their
topic to an audience.topic to an audience.
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DATA & DATA PROCESSING
DATA: Data is distinct information that is formatted in a
special way. Data exists in a variety of forms, like text on
paper or bytes stored in electronic memory.
Data Processing: Data processing is, broadly, "the
collection and manipulation of items of data to produce
meaningful information.Comp. Appreciation&Application by Comp. Appreciation&Application by Adekunle Oladimeji Adekunle Oladimeji
NETWORKINGNETWORKINGA network is a group of two or more computer systems
linked together.
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LAN NETWORKINGLAN NETWORKINGLocal-Area Networks (LANs): The computers are geographically close together (that is, in the same building).
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WAN NETWORKINGWAN NETWORKINGWide-Area Networks (WANs): The computers are farther apart and are connected by telephone lines or radio waves.
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DIFFERENCES BETWEEN LAN AND WAN NETWORKINGDIFFERENCES BETWEEN LAN AND WAN NETWORKING
LAN WANLocal Area Network Wide Area NetworkLocal areas only Large geographic areas
(e.g., homes, offices, schools) (e.g., cities, states, nations)
High speed (1000 mbps) Less speed (150 mbps)
LANs have a high data transfer WANs have a lower data transfer
Less congestion More congestion
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INTERNETINTERNETThe Internet is a global system of interconnected computer
networks that use the standard Internet protocol suite
(TCP/IP) to link several billion devices worldwide.
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Accessing the Internet Accessing the Internet for Instructional purposefor Instructional purpose
STEPS TO FOLLOW
Lunch your web browser (Internet explorer, Firefox, Google chrome e.t.c)
Click inside the Address bar
Type the Web address and tap enter on your keyboard (www.google.com, www.ask.com, www.wikipedia.com e.t.c)
Locate the information that you so desire Comp. Appreciation&Application by Comp. Appreciation&Application by
Adekunle Oladimeji Adekunle Oladimeji ([email protected])([email protected])
PROTECTION OF THE COMPUTER/DATA
Antivirus programs, which can scan and keeps you alert about viruses. Example: Kaspersky, Norton, Avira, Avast, e.t.c.
Firewall of your system, which can be configured for enabling you to transfer selected information between your system and internet.
Backup is another way of protecting your important files and documents, as this helps to restore lost files because of virus attack.
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COMPUTER-ASSISTED INSTRUCTION (CAI)
Computer-assisted instruction (CAI) refers to instruction or remediation presented on a computer.
Many educational computer programs are available online and from computer stores and textbook companies. They enhance teacher instruction in several ways.
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ADVANTAGES COMPUTER-ASSISTEDINSTRUCTION (CAI)
IMMEDIATE FEEDBACK: The immediate feedback provided by interactive terminals keeps students interacting and eager to keep trying.
ACTIVE PARTICIPATION: Even weaker students are obliged to participate actively. They often remain passive in lectures.
GRAPHICS FACILITY: Interactive graphics make it possible to sample many more illustrations that could easily be shown in a textbook.
ACCURATE DATA: Large volumes of data can be handled with accuracy and without drudgery.
ENRICHMENT OF COURSE: The novel technique provides enrichment of course through added variety.
MATHEMATICAL CALCULATIONS: Mathematical calculations can be done as readily for realistic examples as for artificially simple class that can be solved analytically.
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DISADVANTAGES COMPUTER-ASSISTED INSTRUCTION (CAI)
A programmer cannot cater for every possible response and may give unexpected and unhelpful responses to unusual input.
A few students are intimidated by the strangeness of a computer terminal.
Packages can become boring if a student is alone at a terminal for too long. Most packages should run for an hour or so.Lack of trained teachers. It is necessary for teachers and students to have basic technology knowledge before applying computer technology in second language teaching and learning.
A package will not be appreciated unless it has a perceived goal and will not be
considered important unless it is integrated into a course to the extent of being assessed by a teacher.
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