Computing Fundamentals

Computing FundamentalsUnit 1- Recognizing ComputersUnderstand the importance of computersIdentify significant times in computer historyUnderstand how computers developed into what they are todayDescribe how data is representedDefine computers & computer systemsClassify different types of computersObjectivesDeals with all aspects of managing and processing data with computerized systemsIn our daily activitiesDrives the systems we use to learn, solve problems, and communicateWere dependant on technologyIT affects all fields of work & organizations

No matter what career path you choose, a solid IT background will be at your advantage!What is IT?Examples of IT in different businesses/organizations/industries:The business world relies on technological advancements to help manage huge amounts of data and information. Companies depend on computer technology to assist them with such things as data processing, bookkeeping, and inventory tracking. Businesses of all sizes have increased productivity, become more cost effective, and seen larger profits as a result of technological advancements. The medical industry uses information technology to assist with many day-to-day activities and procedures. Electronic medical record (EMR) systems are now in place in many health care facilities. EMR systems store patient data and medical history, and this helps to direct medical decisions when a patient enters the health care system. Aside from EMR systems, doctors use information technology to help them diagnose and cure diseases, too. They use laser medicine and MRI, and they even have special computer software to help them perform surgeries. All of these IT advancements are allowing hospitals to improve the quality of care and extend the lives of their patients. Construction engineering also relies on specific technological systems. Today nearly all project information is entered into software tools that store, analyze, compute, and then help to inform most decisions about a project. Advancements in this area help determine whether a building can withstand an earthquake or whether its aging infrastructure should be redesigned. Society has benefited from this industrys technological innovations in that they have created safer living and working conditions for the world. Geological science uses technology to aid in the collection and analysis of demographic data, weather reports, and more. Weather forecasters are able to predict more accurately the state of the atmosphere for a specific location and time. Satellite-based communication systems can give warning of tsunamis, earthquakes, and other extreme weather conditions and then convey this information to warning centers using real-time technology.Agriculture technology now incorporates advanced mapping instruments such as geographical information systems (GIS) and global positioning systems (GPS) to provide information regarding the land and water in a specific area. Farmers have computers linked to solar-powered weather stations that can provide important information about wind speed, humidity, and air and soil temperatures. Some tractors and plows are even equipped with global positioning systems!

No matter what career path you choose, a solid background in information technology will put you at an advantage. As a member of your schools Academy of Information Technology, you are equipping yourself to meet the work world with the IT skills you will need to succeed. One of the main goals of this Principles of IT course is to help you become computer literate. Being computer literate means that you understand the concepts, vocabulary, and tasks related to general computer usethe essential knowledge of the basic principles at the heart of everything we do with computers. This foundation will prepare you to build additional information technology skills throughout your life.3A computer is a person, instrument, or machine that gathers, processes, and stores information.

What is a Computer?

In this lesson, you will begin to broaden your vision of the word computer to include many things that process and store information, including people. In fact, the word computer, in older dictionaries, is defined as a person who makes calculations.4Where Are Computers Used?Students should name and write on the slide where they see computers used. What makes them convenient to be used everywhere?5In groups, make a computer history timeline of eventsUse an online timeline maker, poster paper, Word, etc.Mark at least 10 significant eventsUse your own words to describeComputer HistoryPresent these. Note particular: ENIAC6Charles BabbageDesigned a steam-powered calculator called the Difference Engine in 1821.His next idea was the Analytical Engine (1856), designed to perform any kind of mathematical calculation.The Father of Computing

Charles Babbage is often referred to as the father of computing.The purpose of the Difference Engine was to compile mathematical tables. Babbage received British government funding for his project, but when his attempts to build the machine failed, the project was cancelled in 1842. The photo on this slide shows a reproduction of the Difference Engine.The Analytical Engine used punched cards inspired by those used in Jacquards loom. Babbage died before the Analytical Engine could be completed, although part of it was built by Babbages son in 1910. The entire machine would have used 25,000 parts and weighed three tons.7MassiveENIACDesigned for military & government40s & 50s

ENIAC, which was the size of a building or a city block and cost millions, was much less powerful than an iPhone of today.8In 1943, the British built the first Colossus computer.Used to decipher encrypted teleprinter messages sent by the Germans during World War II.

World War II

While optically reading a paper tape, the machine applied programmable logic to every character in an encrypted message and then counted how many times the logic function was determined to be true.The photo on this slide shows the Colossus Mark II. Notice the slanted control panel on the left and the paper tape on the right.Information about Colossus was not available to the general public until the late 1970s, after the Official Secrets Act ended in 1976.9The first computer that most individuals could afford was the Altair 8800, built in 1975 by MITS.No keyboard or screenInformation was entered by clicking switches

Altair

Computers kept getting smaller and more powerful but they were not very user-friendly.Until the mid-1970s, computers were mostly used by the government, scientists, and large companies.The Altairs computing results were displayed as patterns of small red lights.10Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak created the first user-friendly personal computer, called the Apple, with a built-in keyboard, display screen, and storage unit.The term personal computer refers to a computer designed to be used by one person at a time.

First User-Friendly Computer

The Apple I was introduced in 1976. The Apple II was first produced in 1977 and is pictured on the far left. Since then, Apple Computer, Inc., has created many more computer models including Macintosh computers and iMac computers. The first Macintosh is shown in the center, and one of the newest versions of the iMac is shown on the right.11Bill Gates worked with IBMDeveloped DOSIBM computer in 1981 releasedPictured- $3500

IBM PC

Disk Drive storage- enough space for 42 text files, 56 VERY LOW res photos, and not even a half an mp3 song!Display- monochrome green; could hook up to TV for colorWeight- about 60lbs!12IBM made the general design available to competing companies, resulting in many clones or compatibles.

Today, the term PC often refers to computers running Microsofts Windows operating system.Attack of the Clones

Microsoft, founded by Bill Gates and Paul Allen in 1975, created the software that operated the IBM PC.IBM did this is 1981.The photo shows an early IBM PC.Though people still refer to IBM compatibles, IBM does not even make computers now!13Who created the first user-friendly computer?Steve Jobs & Steve WozniakWhat term describes a computer design made available to other manufacturers?Compatible or clone

ReviewWhere are Computers Used?Class Discussion:Listening to musicATMIn a car such as cruise controlChanging the temp in your houseMovie theaterRestaurantEtc.15Same as before

Receives data (INPUT), processes data, stores data, produces a result (OUTPUT)

Computer includes:HardwareSoftwareDataPeripherals

What is a Computer Today?

In the picture, identify HARDWARE, SOFTWARE, INPUT, OUTPUT16

Computer System

Scan an item (Receives data INPUT), processes data (INTERNALLY), outputs information (ON MONITOR/RECEIPT), stores data (HD)17The use of the binary number system with two values: 0 and 1.1= ON (electricity)0= OFF (no electricity)

What Counting to Ten Looks Like

Decimal: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10

Binary: 0, 1, 10, 11, 100, 101, 110, 111, 1000, 1001, 1010

BinaryIn todays computers, data is represented by the state of electrical switches: an on switch represents a 1 and an off switch represents a 0.18What does PC stand for?Personal computerIn binary, what does a 1 mean?Voltage/electricity/OnWho is known as the father of computing?Charles BabbageWhat are the four things any computer does?Receives data, processes data, outputs info, stores dataWho created the first user-friendly computer?Apple (Steve Jobs & Wozniak)ReviewTypes of Computers ProjectDirectionsTypes of ComputersIn groups of 2, make a posterTitle of deviceBig picture of deviceIts use & where its usedCost ($, $$, $$$, $$$$)Special FeaturesDesktopLaptop/NotebookNetbookTabletsWorkstationServersHandheld/SmartphoneMainframe & TerminalSuper ComputerEmbedded ComputerMusic/Media PlayerGame SystemE-Book Reader

Personal computer- PC or MACIndividual userCome in case/monitor or all-in-oneDesktop

Case is also known as a tower.Desktop remains stationary.LOOK UP PRICE OF THESE in a weekly ad: Typical price is around $400-$1200. All-in-ones with a touchscreen can be around $800.21PC or MacPortabilityUse a batteryTouchpad or Pointing DeviceLaptop/Notebook

Power is comparable/equal to desktops.LOOK UP PRICES in weekly ad: Range from $300-$2000.Ultrabooks are very slim & powerful laptops.22NOT laptop replacement

Made for travel

BasicCheck emailWebOfficeNo MultitaskingNetbook (OLDER)

Lightweight & smallerLess powerful than laptopSmall ScreenLonger batteryNo CD/DVDLow in RAM (1GB)Windows XP/7 BasicNetbook (OLDER)

PC in smaller sizeMany functions of PCHas memory, storage, CPU, touchscreenApps, Internet, EmailAndroid, iOS, WindowsTablets

Can use a stylus.PROJECT: Have each row compare a tablet & laptop and decide which is better.Input, Battery life, storage capacity, processor and memory, size and weight, price.25Cell phone runs computer applicationsInternet, camera, music, GPS, phone, email, textTouchscreen or keyboardWindows, iOS, AndroidSmartphone

PROJECT: Compare smartphonesInput method, battery life, storage, processor/memory, size, screen size, price with contract & without26E-book readerPortable music playerHandheld game deviceOther Mobile Devices

Multiple CPUs, lots of RAM, multiple, high-capacity drives Video Editing, CAD, Animation, Scientific, CSI, X-Ray

Workstation

Performs functions for computers on a network (provides a service)Hold FilesHandle EmailWeb Site

Server

Connected to thin clients/PCs

Huge amounts of data processingBanks, statisticsHundreds of thousands $Large institutions & govt.Airlines

Mainframe

Process payroll & billing for large corporations, handling millions of credit card transactions, gathering & tabulating census info for the government, scheduling flights for an airline.30Large & fastPerform BIG calcsVolumes of dataMillions of $$$GovernmentMilitaryResearch LabsNASA

Supercomputers

Can have millions of cores of processors.31Name someOther Types of Computers?Embedded computers: Processor built into a device such as ATM, car, appliances like a fridge, cameras, TV,Calculators, some gaming systems, GPS, POS, robotic manufacturing, older mp3 players.EXAMPLE: a washer with embedded computer can use power & water more efficiently; cars use them to sense being out of a lane or when an object is in your path.They have an embedded OS. A lot of embedded devices have actually developed into mobile OS.32Review 1Managing an airline reservation & ticketing system would be best performed by which class of computer?MainframeWhich device would animators use to make CG effects for a movie?WorkstationWhat is the fastest type of computer?SupercomputerAppliances have what kind of computer?Embedded Whats the biggest advantage of using a notebook?PortabilityT/F. A server is dedicated to sharing resources & data.TrueWhich type of computer provides services to other PCs?ServersWhat device would have Android OS on it?Smartphone or Tablet

Review 2Computing FundamentalsUnit 1- Recognizing Computers