Conceiving Children

Contraceptive risk taking increases with

Drug and alcohol use Low self esteem Fear of alienating partner by asking for

cooperation with birth control

Indications of pregnancy (common during first trimester)

Breast tenderness Nausea and vomiting Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG)

in blood test Fatigue

Miscarriages

Majority in first trimester 10% to 20% of pregnancies end in

miscarriage Early miscarriages may appear as

heavier than usual menstrual flow

Stages of labor

First stage of labor

First stage• “Bloody show”• Uterine contractions• Ruptured amniotic sac (Water breaks)

Second stage

Birth of child

Third stage

Placenta

Cesarean section

Performed when• Fetal distress during labor• Feet or bottom presents first

First trimester abortions

Have little effect on subsequent fertility or pregnancy

Infertility

50% of infertility = male factors• Due to

Smoking Alcohol abuse Environmental toxins

50% of infertility = female factors

Other reasons for infertility

STD’s (M&F) Blocked tubes (M&F) Low sperm count Low sperm motility Lack of ovulation

Infertility-Fertility drugs

Infertility treatments

Artificial insemination In vitro Fertilization GIFT (Gamete intrafallopian transfer) ZIFT (Zygote intrafallopian transfer) ICSI (Intracytoplasmic sperm injection)

Artificial insemination

Semen introduced into woman’s vagina,cervix, or uterus

In Vitro fertilization

Fertilizing egg in dish Placed into uterus

GIFT (Gamete intrafallopian transfer)

Sperm and ova placed directly into fallopian tube

ZIFT (Zygote intrafallopian transfer)

Egg fertilized in dish Placed into fallopian tube

ICSI (Intracytoplasmic sperm injection)

http://www.inciid.org/icsi.html Single sperm injection

Abortion rates

Abortion

RU486

Birth defects (Chorionic Villus Sampling)

Sexual activity during pregnancy

Sexual activity and orgasm may continue as desired until labor begins

Sexual interest progressively declines over the nine months

Amniocentesis

Fluid around the fetus is removed to check for birth defects