concept of water management
TRANSCRIPT
CONCEPT OF WATER MANAGEMENT
DEPARTMENT OF AGRONOMY
Outline1) Importance of water for plants2) What is water Management 3) Components of Water Management4) Why to manage irrigation water5) Water Resources of Pakistan6) Water Management Practices
a) On Farm Water Managementb) Soil Managementc) Crop Management
7) Water Management in Rainfed areas
Why Plants Need Water
Water forms over 90% of the plant body by green or fresh weight basis. Plants require water for:
1) Uptake of Nutrients
2) Maintain their structure through turgidity
3) For the process of Photosynthesis
4) Water is a constituent of protoplasm
5) Water is essential for the germination
6) For the conversion of starch to sugar
7) Water helps in the transpiration
8) Regulates the temperature of plants
Water Management“The integrated process of intake, conveyance, regulation, measurement, distribution, application and use of irrigation water and drainage of excess water with proper amount and at right time for the purpose of increasing crop production and water economy in conjunction with improved agricultural practices”
Major ComponentsThere are two major components of Water Management :IrrigationDrainage
Irrigation is the artificial application of water to the soil essential for plants growth
Drainage is the removal of excess water from the field
Why to Manage the Water
Shortage of Water Excess of Water
Drought Floods
Non-Uniform Distribution of Water round the year
Why to Manage the Water
Different water regime (Level) of CropsUncertainty of RainfallIntensive Cropping to meet the food requirementsCultivation of high yielding varieties require more
water
ParametersPakistan
(Million Hectare)Punjab
(Million Hectare)
Geographical Area 79.61 20.63
Total Cultivated Area 22.51 12.53
Total Irrigated Area 17.37 11.75
Total Rainfed Area 5.14 0.771
Total Culturable Waste 8.20 1.60
Agricultural Area Status
Water Resources of Pakistan
Surface WaterGlacier, Watersheds, Rivers, Canals
Annual River Flow
142 MAF
Divert Arabian Sea
38 MAFDiverted to Canals
104 MAF
Ground WaterNatural springs, wells, tube wells
Annual Ground Water
41 MAF
Application Losses
12 MAFAvailable for Crops
29 MAF
PrecipitationRainfall, dew, mist/fog, hail, snow
Annual Rainfall
13 MAF
Application Losses
4 MAFAvailable for Crops
9 MAF
Year 2004 (Million Hectare)
2025 (Million Hectare)
Availability 104 104
Requirement 115 135
Shortfall 11 31
Pakistan’s Water Scenario for 2025
How to minimize water losses to meet our actual requirement
Source: Ten Year Perspective Development Plan 2001-11
Water Management Practices
Water Management Practices
1) On Farm Water Management
2) Soil Management
3) Crop Management
1) On Farm Water Management Watercourse Improvement High Efficiency Irrigation System
2) Soil Management Laser Land Leveling Mulching Use of Organic Matter
Sowing Method Weed Control Suitable plant Species
3) Crop Management
Water Management In Rainfed Areas
Water Harvesting for AgricultureMicro catchmentsMicro Catchments are a common technique used in agriculture to collect surface run-off, increase water infiltration and prevent soil erosion.
Small PitsSmall pits are made before rain, after rain they fill with water and water infiltrate in the soil which is later available for crops.
Contouring Terracing“Growing of Crops parallel to the contours of a hill slope to form a natural barrier for water to flow down the slope”
“Broad flat steps are made on steep soils at right angel so that flat surface is available to grow crops”
Water is Life Save it !No Water No Life
Thank you !