Basic Concepts of Data Bases

Presented By Danial MasoodReg #1421-310031

&Bilal Mushtaq

Reg #1421-310033

Introduction to Database

A database is any organized collection of data. Some examples of databases you may encounter in your daily life are: ◦Phone Contacts ◦airline reservation system ◦papers in your filing cabinet ◦Banking Record. 

Data vs. information:What is the difference?

What is data?◦ Data can be defined in

many ways. Information science defines data as unprocessed information.

What is information?◦ Information is data that

have been organized and communicated in a coherent and meaningful manner.

◦ Data is converted into information, and information is converted into knowledge.

◦ Knowledge; information evaluated and organized so that it can be used purposefully.

Why do we need a database? Keep records of our:

◦ Clients◦ Staff◦ Volunteers

To keep a record of activities and interventions;

Keep sales records; Develop reports; Perform research Longitudinal tracking

What is the ultimate purpose of a database management system?

Is to transform

Action

Knowledge

InformationData

More about database definition

What is a database? A structured set of data held in a

computer, especially one that is accessible in various ways.

Let’s explore some examplesOutlook contacts

GIS-GPS systems

Some models about DatabaseNon-relational database

Relational database

Non Relational DatabasesNon-relational databases place

information in field categories that we create so that information is available for sorting and disseminating the way we need it. Example: a spread sheet

Relational Database

In relational databases, fields can be used in a number of ways (and can be of variable length), provided that they are linked in tables. It is developed based on a database model that provides for logical connections among files (known as tables) by including identifying data from one table in another table

Some DefinitionsA File: A group or collection of similar records,

A record book: a “Hawlet Packard" of data records, like address lists, inventory lists, classes

A field: one category of information, i.e., Name, Address, Semester Grade, Academic topic

A record: one piece of data, i.e., one student's

information, a recipe, a test question

A layout: a design for a database that contains field names and possibly graphics.

Fundamental building blocksTables comprise the fundamental building blocks of any database.  If you're familiar with spreadsheets, you'll find database tables extremely similar.  Take a look at this example of a table sample database:

Data Entry –considerationsBarcode scanners

◦USB or◦Wireless attached to

a Palm or Pocket PCPocket PC

◦Wi-Fi 802.11g, Bluetooth

◦Wireless networks (real-time on demand systems)