condition of people of color before the civil rights movement by mr. n. metropoulos
TRANSCRIPT
Condition of People of color before the Civil
rights movement
Condition of People of color before the Civil
rights movement
By Mr. N. MetropoulosBy Mr. N. Metropoulos
Homer Plessy Versus Ferguson (1896)
The Supreme Court ruled 8 to 1 that in Louisiana, blacks and whites could ride in separate train cars as long as the train cars are equal.John Marshall Harlan was the only judge to dissented and said “this law could be applied to any person for any reason.”This started “separate but equal” laws across the South called Jim Crow Laws.
Jim Crow LawsSegregated or separated people by their skin color.
Whites, African-Americans, and Hispanics drank out of different water fountains, went to different schools, and shopped at different stores.
Jim Crow Laws
Jim Crow was a made up character used to make fun of African-Americans such as the
China-men to make fun of Asian-Americans.
Jim Crow Laws
The Great Debate : W.E.B.
Du bois vs. Booker T.
Washington
The Great Debate : W.E.B.
Du bois vs. Booker T.
Washington
Booker T. WashingtonHe was a former slave from Virginia that believed that blacks would slowly integrate into society.
He made deals with white politicians in order to gain his goal that blacks would be able to go to school for training to work in the factories/industries of America.
Booker T. Washington
He thought that future generations of African-Americans would later fight for civil rights.
Segregation has to exist to keep peace between the races.
W.E.B. Du boisHe was born and raised in the Northern state of Massachusetts and did not experience much racism.
He was the first African-American to received his doctorate from Harvard.
He was one of the founders of the most powerful African-American organization called the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) in 1909.
He was a professor of history, sociology, and economics at Atlanta University.
W.E.B. Du boisHe was a professor of history, sociology, and economics at Atlanta University.
He believed that the “talented tenth” the top ten percent of African-Americans would be responsible for educating and socially advancing the African-American community.
The Great Debate
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Neighborhoods
Redlining was when banks would give loans for people to buy houses in neighborhoods of people of the same race. Once a person of color bought a house in a neighborhood of people of color, the banks would not lend them any more money to fix or keep their house nice.
Neighborhoods
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Neighborhoods
Social steering was when real estate agents would only try to sell houses to people in areas of their race.
NeighborhoodsIn Europe, Jews were confined to walled-off areas that they could not live outside of or leave after curfew in most of Europe.
Adolf Hitler and the Nazis used the term “ghettos” to describe the confined areas they put the Jews in before and during World War II.
Neighborhoods
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Neighborhoods
Neighborhoods
•Today, term “ghetto” is used in America to describe the horrid conditions African-American and ethnic neighborhoods are in within cities as a result of redlining and other reasons.
Neighborhoods
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Oliver Brown Versus the Board of Education of Topeka
(1954)Linda Brown, a third grader, walked over a mile everyday to go to a black school, when there was a white school a few blocks away.
The Supreme Court, lead by Earl Warren, ruled 9 to 0 that separate facilities were inherently unequal.
Brown V. the Board of Education
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Emmett Till (1955)
Emmett Till was a 14 year boy from Chicago visiting his Uncle Moses Wright in Money, Miss.
Emmett and his cousin went into a store where he was accused of whistling or hitting on the white store owner’s wife.
The store owner murdered Emmett for the insult.
Emmett Till (1955)
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Marcus GarveyMarcus Garvey, or “Black Moses”, was a Black nationalist leader that believed African-Americans should move back to Africa and form their own country because there will never be equality in America.
Garvey was Jamaican, came to America in the 1920s to Harlem, and preached racial pride and separation.
He believed that Africans-Americans could only succeed by owning their own businesses.
Malcolm XMalcolm X was a Civil Rights Leader that at first proposed fighting racial segregation through “any means necessary” including violence.
He believed his father was murdered by white people for teaching Marcus Garvey’s beliefs.
Malcolm moved to Harlem, became a drug dealer, and had to leave for fear of his life.
Malcolm XHe was arrested for robbing houses in Boston and converted to Islam when he was in jail.
When Malcolm X came out of jail, he became a powerful leader of the Nation of Islam or African-American Muslim Movement.
Malcolm X spoke out strongly against Martin Luther Kings’ message of peace and preached racial separation.
Malcolm X
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Malcolm XHe would later denounce what he had taught for years after he went Mecca, Saudi Arabia and saw Muslims of all different skin colors worshipping together peacefully.
Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.
Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. was a Southern Baptist Minister who preached peace and non-violent resistance to Jim Crow laws in the America.
King became famous through his leadership in the Montgomery Bus Boycott and received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964.
Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.
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Bus Boycott in Montgomery, Alabama
In 1955, the African-American community boycotted or refused to do business with the Montgomery Bus Company.
African-Americans walked, carpooled, and rode taxis for over a year.
Bus Boycott in Montgomery, Alabama
Sit-InsPeople dressed in their best clothes.
People went to a restaurant that served only whites and refused to move until they received service.
Civil RIghts Act of 1964Outlawed racial, gender, and religious segregation in schools, public places, and guaranteed equal employment.
How would you register to vote?
Go to the courthouse and register.
The courthouse was only open 2-3 days a month for a couple of hours to register voters.
You had to take off work (with or without your boss’ permission) to get to the courthouse while it was open.
You had to pass a literacy test before you could vote.
Literacy Test
Voting RIghts Act of 1965
Made sure that everyone’s right to vote, regardless of skin color and religion,was protected by the government and outlawed literacy tests.
King’s Death
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Why is Black History month in February?
In 1926, a Harvard scholar named Dr. Carter G. Woodson organized National Negro History Week on the second week of February in honor of the birthdays of Frederick Douglass and Abraham Lincoln.