congestion-distortion optimized peer-to-peer video streaming eric setton*, jeonghun noh and bernd...
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Congestion-Distortion Optimized Peer-to-Peer Video Streaming
Eric Setton*, Jeonghun Noh and Bernd GirodEric Setton*, Jeonghun Noh and Bernd Girod
Information Systems LaboratoryInformation Systems LaboratoryStanford UniversityStanford University
* Recently joined HP Labs* Recently joined HP Labs
22E. Setton, J. Noh, and B. Girod: Congestion-Distortion Optimized Peer-to-Peer Video Streaming
• Motivation
• Optimized scheduling for peer-to-peer (CoDiO P2P)1. Prioritization algorithm: sender receivers
2. Retransmission scheduler: receiver senders
• Experimental Results– Comparison to state-of-the-art schedulers
– Benefits of adaptive scheduling on P2P streaming
OutlineOutline
33E. Setton, J. Noh, and B. Girod: Congestion-Distortion Optimized Peer-to-Peer Video Streaming
Prior WorkPrior Work
• TCP-friendly rate-control– Indicates average rate as a function of collected statistics– Does not indicate any particular schedule
• Rate-Distortion optimized scheduling (RaDiO)– Formalization of the multimedia scheduling problem– Adapted the framework to video streaming
• Congestion-Distortion optimized scheduling (CoDiO)– Congestion defined as end-to-end delay– Designed for throughput-limited streaming– Same R-D performance as RaDiO and ~40% less congestion
[Chou and Miao, 2001]
[Floyd et al., 1997]
[Kalman and Girod, 2003]
[Setton and Girod, 2004-2006]
44E. Setton, J. Noh, and B. Girod: Congestion-Distortion Optimized Peer-to-Peer Video Streaming
Video Multicast over P2P Networks Video Multicast over P2P Networks Challenges• Limited bandwidth • Delay due to multi-hop transmission• Unreliability of peers
Related work• [Chu, Rao, Zhang, 2000]• [Padmanabhan, Wang and Chou, 2003]• [Guo, Suh, Kurose, Towsley, 2003]• [Cui, Li, Nahrstedt, 2004]• [Do, Hua, Tantaoui, 2004]• [Hefeeda, Bhargava, Yau, 2004]• [Zhang, Liu, Li and Yum, 2005]• [Zhou, Liu, 2005]• [Chi, Zhang, 2006]
Our Approach• Build and maintain complementary
multicast trees• Adapt media scheduling to network
conditions and to content• Error resilience through retransmission
requests
… …Video stream
55E. Setton, J. Noh, and B. Girod: Congestion-Distortion Optimized Peer-to-Peer Video Streaming
Specificities of P2P MulticastSpecificities of P2P Multicast
Many-to-many transmission
Little or no feedback
Limited contentinformation
Low complexity constraint
Routing not imposed
66E. Setton, J. Noh, and B. Girod: Congestion-Distortion Optimized Peer-to-Peer Video Streaming
Principles of CoDiO P2PPrinciples of CoDiO P2P
Scheduler which combines
1. optimized prioritization algorithm
Decide which packets to send, when and to which peer, to maximize performance while limiting incurred congestion
Receiving peer
Receiving peer
Receiving peer
Sending peer
77E. Setton, J. Noh, and B. Girod: Congestion-Distortion Optimized Peer-to-Peer Video Streaming
Scheduler which combines
1. optimized prioritization algorithm
2. optimized retransmission requests
Decide which missing packets to request, when and from which peer, to maximize performance while limiting incurred congestion
Principles of CoDiO P2PPrinciples of CoDiO P2P
Sending peer Sending peer
Receiving peer
Sending peer
88E. Setton, J. Noh, and B. Girod: Congestion-Distortion Optimized Peer-to-Peer Video Streaming
• Scheduler iteratively selects
• Intervals between transmission sufficient to– Mitigate any congestion of the uplink– Reserve rate for control traffic
CoDiO PrioritizationCoDiO Prioritization
Sender
PI B P B P B
7 1 6 1 4 1 2
99E. Setton, J. Noh, and B. Girod: Congestion-Distortion Optimized Peer-to-Peer Video Streaming
Parent on multicast tree 2
P PI B B B P ……
Distortion-OptimizedDistortion-OptimizedRetransmission RequestsRetransmission Requests
• Determine missing packets• Iteratively request most important packet• Limit number of unacknowledged retransmissions
P PI B B B P ……
Parent on multicast tree 1
1010E. Setton, J. Noh, and B. Girod: Congestion-Distortion Optimized Peer-to-Peer Video Streaming
Server-Client Scheduler PerformanceServer-Client Scheduler Performance
Simulations over ns-2
2-hop network path, ACKs from receiver
Throughput: 400 kb/s, delay 50 ms, packet losses 2%
H.264 encoding
Simulations over ns-2
2-hop network path, ACKs from receiver
Throughput: 400 kb/s, delay 50 ms, packet losses 2%
H.264 encoding
Salesman @ 365 kb/sForeman @ 290 kb/s
1111E. Setton, J. Noh, and B. Girod: Congestion-Distortion Optimized Peer-to-Peer Video Streaming
Experimental SetupExperimental Setup• Network/protocol simulation in ns-2
– 300 active peers – Random peer arrival/departure
average: ON (4.5 min) / OFF (30 sec)– Typical access bandwidth distribution – Over-provisioned backbone– Delay: 5 ms/link + congestion
• Video streaming– H.264/AVC encoder– 15 minute live multicast– CIF resolution– 16-frame GOP I-B-B-B-P…
Downlink Uplink Percentage
512 Kb/s 256 Kb/s 56% 3 Mb/s 384 Kb/s 21%1.5 Mb/s 896 Kb/s 9% 20 Mb/s 2 Mb/s 3% 20 Mb/s 5 Mb/s 11%
Downlink Uplink Percentage
512 Kb/s 256 Kb/s 56% 3 Mb/s 384 Kb/s 21%1.5 Mb/s 896 Kb/s 9% 20 Mb/s 2 Mb/s 3% 20 Mb/s 5 Mb/s 11%
1212E. Setton, J. Noh, and B. Girod: Congestion-Distortion Optimized Peer-to-Peer Video Streaming
Benefits of Optimized Scheduling (I)Benefits of Optimized Scheduling (I)
SalesmanForeman
Simulations over ns-2, 300 peers
Number of trees: 4
Retransmissions enabled
Simulations over ns-2, 300 peers
Number of trees: 4
Retransmissions enabled
2 dB
1 dB
1313E. Setton, J. Noh, and B. Girod: Congestion-Distortion Optimized Peer-to-Peer Video Streaming
Benefits of Optimized Scheduling (II)Benefits of Optimized Scheduling (II)
Salesman @ 320 kb/sForeman @ 290 kb/s
Simulations over ns-2, 300 peers
Number of trees: 4
Retransmissions enabled
Simulations over ns-2, 300 peers
Number of trees: 4
Retransmissions enabled
4 dB5 dB
1414E. Setton, J. Noh, and B. Girod: Congestion-Distortion Optimized Peer-to-Peer Video Streaming
CoDiO P2P33.71 dB
No prioritization30.17 dB
0.8 second latency for all peers
Average Video Sequence for 64 Peers
1515E. Setton, J. Noh, and B. Girod: Congestion-Distortion Optimized Peer-to-Peer Video Streaming
P2P Video Multicast: 36 of the Peers
0.8 second latency for all streams
CoDiO P2P33.71 dB
No prioritization30.17 dB
1616E. Setton, J. Noh, and B. Girod: Congestion-Distortion Optimized Peer-to-Peer Video Streaming
ConclusionsConclusions
• Summary– Congestion-distortion optimized scheduling for P2P
1. Prioritization adapts to the content and to the network conditions
2. Distortion-optimized retransmission scheduler
– Largest gains when streaming• with short playout deadlines (up to 4-5 dB)
• close to throughput limit (up to 1-2 dB)
• Future work – Study P2P scheduling of scalable video– Release of a peer-to-peer streaming client