congress of vienna timeline may 30, 1814: peace of paris; king louis xviii issues constitutional...
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CONGRESS OF VIENNA TIMELINE
May 30, 1814: Peace of Paris; King Louis XVIII issues Constitutional Charter with Bill of Rights.September 30, 1814: First meeting of the Big Four in Vienna, plus Talleyrand.January-February 1815: Crisis over Poland; Austria, Britain, and France threaten war.March-June 1815: Napoleon returns from Elba for his Hundred Days (Battle of Waterloo on June 18).June 9, 1815: Final Act of the Congress of Vienna includes plan to create a German Confederation.November 20, 1815: Second Peace of Paris imposes indemnity of 700 million francs and an army of occupation (withdrawn in 1818).
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Vernet, “The Clichy Gate: The Defense of Paris, 30 March 1814” (as 900,000 Allied troops converged on
the city)
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THESE “LIBERALS” AGREED THAT RUSSIA SHOULD HAVE POLAND, AND PRUSSIA, SAXONY
Tsar Alexander I(1777-1825)
Prince Karl August von Hardenberg,
Chancellor of Prussia, 1810-22
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Prince Clemens von Metternich (1774-1859)
CHAMPIONS OF THE “BALANCE OF POWER”
Robert Stewart, Viscount Castlereagh,
Foreign Secretary 1812-1822
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Charles-Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord
(1754-1838):
1789-91, Bishop of Autun, leader of constitutional clergy;
1792-96, emigration;
1797-1807, foreign minister;
1814-15, saves France at Congress of Vienna;
1830-34, ambassador to Great Britain
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L. P. Crepin, “Louis XVIII Elevates France from the Ruins,” 1814
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“France, Amid Its
Royal Law-Givers and
Great Jurists, Receives the Constitutiona
l Charter from Louis
XVIII”(1827)
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The Congress of Vienna, 1815: Wellington, Hardenberg (seated), Metternich (standing), Castlereagh, & Talleyrand
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“The Return from the Island of Elba”(the soldiers of Louis XVIII acclaim Napoleon, March
1815)
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“The Return of the Emperor” to Paris, March 20, 1815
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“The Field of Waterloo the Morning after
the Memorable Battle” of June
18, 1815
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Europe following the Congress of Vienna in 1815
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KEY DECISIONS BY THE CONGRESS OF VIENNA, 1814/15
FRANCE:Restore the Bourbon Dynasty, but with a “Charter of Liberty,” and borders of 1792
POLAND:Give Russia ¾ of the Grand Duchy of Warsaw
ITALY:Build up the “Kingdom of Sardinia” to block French expansion
PRUSSIA:Pressure it to accept the Rhineland to block French expansion
GERMANY:
Replace the old Holy Roman Empire with a loose “German Confederation”
Ignore claims to “national self-determination” in favor of the principles of “dynastic legitimacy” and the “balance of power.” The “Concert of Europe” should intervene in any country that experienced revolution.