Consciousness: Bodily Rhythms and Mental States

chapter 1

Biological Rhythms: The Tides of Expericence

chapter 1

Biological Rhythms

• Biological Rhythms- Define• Endogenous-Define• Circadian Rhythms- Define

– Examples• What do rhythms influence?

Circadian Rhythms

• Where do they exist?

• How do we test them?

– What did they find

The Body’s Clock

• Surprachiasmatic Nucleus- Define• Where is it located?• Example of what it controls• Melatonin- Define

– What is it associated with?

When the Clock is out of Sync

• Internal Desynchronization- Define

• Best example?

• Describe how one should do shift work and why

Mood and Long Term Rhythm

• Does the Season Affect Mood?– Seasonal Affective Disorder- Define

• Treatments• %’s given

• Does the Menstrual Cycle Affect Mood?– Physical Symptoms?– Emotional Symptoms?– How do we study this?– What are the findings? Name and Explain

• 1. • 2. • 3.

• Does Testosterone Affect Mood?– Fluctuations?

– High levels are linked with what?

• Examples of when it rises

The Rhythms of Sleep

How does sleep put people at risk?

Why We Sleep• What does sleep appear to provide?

What happens when we do not get enough?

• What happens to humans after 4 days without sleep?– Animals?

• 51 year old man story? Explain

•Why is sleep necessary for mental functions?

Insomnia- Define

Sleep Apnea- Define

Narcolepsy- Define

What is the “recommended amount of sleep?”

# of Americans that get fewer than the recommended hours?

What do American students average?

The Realms of Sleep

REM Sleep- Define

How does the sleep cycle work? How long does it take?

What brain waves are present when you first go to bed? o Describe them

Describe the following steps:o Stage 1-

o Stage 2- Sleep Spindles- Define

o Stage 3- Delta Waves- Define

o Stage4-

How does he sleep cycle go: 1, 2, 3, 4, ___, ___, ___

What happens next?

Why is REM sleep “paradoxical” sleep?

Are the cycles regular? Why or why not?

Exploring the Dream World

Exploring the Dream World

• Lucid Dreams- Define

 • Who experiences REM?

• Are our eye movements related to dreams?

Dreams as Unconscious Wishes

• Who thought of it?• What did Freud call dreams?• What can we express in dreams?• What dreams are meaningful?• Manifest Content- Define• Latent Content- Define• How should you analyze the content?

Dreams as Reflection of Current Concerns

• Who came up with it?• Dreams reflect what?• AKA• What did Gale Delaney tell? Explain

Dream– Meaning of dream?

• College student’s dreams?• Instructors?

Dreams as Reflection of Current Concerns

• Men v. Women-Traditionally?– Recently?

• Rosalind Cartwright belief?– Her quote?

Dreams as a By-Product of Mental Housekeeping

• Who came up with it?• Explained dreams in

_________________________ and _________________________

• Dreams are a:• Why does the brain shut out sensory

input?• What are we recalling in dreams?

Dreams as a By-Product of Mental Housekeeping

• What did Crick and Mitchison believe?– Reverse Learning- Explain– Should we analyze dreams? Why or why

not?• What have other researchers said?• Consolidation- Define• What are dreams doing in this theory?

Dreams as Interpreted Brain Activity

• Who came up with it?• Another name for theory?• What are dreams the result of?• What is “activated?”• What does the “synthesizing?”• Give an example dream?

Evaluating Dream Theories

• Freud’s Theory- Accept?– Reject?

• Solving Problems- Accept?– Reject?

• Mental Housekeeping- Accept?– Reject?

• Activation-Synthesis- Accept?– Reject?