BUILDING MAINTENANCE

BY:

ADITI MANOCHA A-5002

ANKITA SAIGAL A-5004

MONIKA KAMBOJ A-5014

SHOTPATCH 10

SHOTPATCH 10 is a ready to use cement based single component shotcrete mortar modified with micro silica. The formulation is designed to match the requirements for a dry process shotcrete applied mortar. It gives high early strength, reduced rebound and maximum application thickness, coupled with resistivity values commensurate with accepted criteria for cathodic protection (CP) overlays.

USESLarge area concrete repairs. Refurbishment of columns, bridges, tunnels and retaining walls. Single application, high build application. Repair of fire damaged structures, marine structures, piers, quays, off shore platforms, etc. Sealing of mine roadways, tunnels, etc.

Rock and embankment stabilization. Swimming pool construction. Cathodic protection overlays.

Advantages Single component - ready to use. High build - up to 150mm can be applied at one pass. Low rebound - grading and formulation allow for excellent

penetration and compaction with minimum loss of aggregate through rebound.

Low dust - formulation ensures dust is kept to a minimum. Safe to handle - no added caustic accelerators. Excellent adhesion to concrete and steel. Rapid strength gain. Low water absorption and chloride ion diffusion. High resistance to carbon dioxide penetration.

Typical properties

Appearance : Grey granular powder Maximum aggregate size : 5mm Density : Dry bulk : 1700kg/m³ Applied : 2400kg/m³ Water/powder ratio, by weight : 0.085 Compressive Strengths : 24 Hours 15N/mm²

Surface preparation

All surfaces to be treated should be sound and clean. Saw cut the edges of the repair locations to a depth of at least

15mm to avoid featheredging and to provide a square edge. Break out the complete repair area by mechanical means or by

high pressure water jetting to a minimum depth of 15 mm up to the sawn edge.

Clean the surfaces by removing any dust, unsound or contaminated material, oil, paint, grease, or corrosion deposits.

Where breaking out is not required, roughen the surface and remove any laitance by mechanical means or high-pressure water jetting to provide a minimum of 5mm profile.

ARCHITECTURAL CONSERVATION

Architectural conservation describes the process through which the material, historical, and design integrity of mankind's built heritage are prolonged through carefully planned interventions. The individual engaged in this pursuit is known as an architectural conservator. Decisions of when and how to engage in an intervention are critical to the ultimate conservation of the immovable object. Ultimately, the decision is value based: a combination of artistic, contextual, and informational values is normally considered.

ARCHITECTURAL MAINTENANCE

Architecture maintenance consist of certified or licensed clock smiths, carpenter and painter. Architectural maintenance service includes:-

1. Door, window and screen repair/replacement.

2. Glass, window and shade repair/installation.

3. Inter and exterior locking installation/repair and replacement.

4. Painting, plaster, patching and other repair of all floors and ceilings.

BRICKWORK CONSERVATION by Andy Mann

The chimney stack had been rendered, probably about 30 years ago, using a Portland cement render. The rendering had cracked, and the owner wanted it removed, and the bricks cleaned and re-pointed.

A view of the base of the stack. The rendering had all ready been removed from the lower walls of the house sometime in the past, and the brickwork cleaned.

The rendering has been completely removed.

A closer inspection at the top of the stack reveals repairs believed to have been carried out about 30 years ago. A Portland cement mortar had been used that did not allow for the natural movement of this old chimney stack. The mortar probably cracked allowing the ingress of water, that subsequently froze splitting open the mortar.

COLOR   IN   BUILDING   CONSERVATIONby Dr. A. Ghafar Ahmad

Color can be described in terms of the characteristics of light such as dominant wavelength, luminance and purity by which an observer is made aware of objects or light sources (psychophysical). Color may also be described as being derived wholly from one's perceptions such as hue, lightness and saturation for objects; and hue, brightness and saturation for light sources (psychological).

Color, together with line and form, has traditionally been the basic element of design in either visual arts, painting, sculpture or architecture.

Color has played a major role during the prehistoric period when man used paint to express their feelings and emotions on cave surfaces.

In building design, color serves several aesthetic purposes including:

To express the characters of building materials such as red roof tiles, grey stone walls and brown timber trusses.

To highlight the building functions or uses. For example, red for Chinese temples and fire stations, white for churches and blue for the Malaysian Police Headquarters.

To create an atmosphere either external or internal. A bright color scheme tends to express excitement and fun in kindergarten centers.

To define either unity or diversity. A uniform color scheme tends to define a sense of unity such as a block of new shop houses or a modern shopping complex.

Color plays an important role in building conservation, particularly in understanding the building materials and identifying the original color(s) of historic buildings.

Importance of Color in Building Conservation Color plays such an important role in emphasising the unique

characteristics of historic buildings. Building elements such as windows, doors, walls, columns, roofs, domes, staircases and ceilings are all painted in various colors.

Colors of building materials also give an interesting character to historic buildings.

The tiles of varying sizes and patterns reflect the wealth of the building owners.

The method of color scheme analyses in building conservation involve the following procedures:

1. Documenting the present color(s) of the building before any restoration works are carried out including pictorial records (photographs, drawings and sketches).

2. Identifying the building materials (bricks, timber, metal, plaster, etc.).

3. Identifying the types of present paint (lime wash, oil paint, bituminous paint, cement paint, creosote, etc.) used in the building.

4. Choosing the appropriate methods of removing the present paint, all of which are dependent upon the nature and condition of the paint. There are 6 methods commonly used in paint removal which are water washing, steam stripping, chemical paint removers, abrasive methods, hot air paint stripper and burning-off method.

5. Providing the appropriate tools (hand powered tools with disc or rotary stripper, electrical hot air blower, blow lamps or torches, etc.) to remove the paint. Each layer of paint being removed is documented for future references. As a rule of thumb, white paint is usually the first or the base coat.

6. Determining the original color(s) of the building. The process includes the matching of colors either on drawings or using computer graphics.

7. Conducting further research to support the outcome of the analyses. For example, interviewing the local residents, analyzing other buildings of similar type and age built in the area or elsewhere, and seeking assistance from paint experts or chemists.

8. Presenting the final outcomes (in the form of drawings, reports and photographs) to the respective project committee to confirm the final color scheme including the type of paint to be used in the building.

9. Painting the building according to its original color scheme. It is important to ensure that the new paint is compatible with the old one. It is essential that skilled and experienced workers are engaged to carry out the painting works accordingly.

CONCLUSIONS

Color is an integral component in building conservation. Natural colors of building materials and the colors of paint on buildings reflect the emotional ties, symbolizing the cultural identity and heritage of a community at a particular period in time.

The color scheme analyses should be conducted in a professional manner to avoid confusions and misunderstandings among the public.

Color effectively enhances the characteristics and image of a historic city.

Such uniformity of colors on buildings create a strong sense of harmony and identity in both cities.