consortium for verification technology · consortium for verification technology: kick-off workshop...

Consortium for Verification Technology: Kick-Off Workshop - October 16th & 17th, 2014

CONSORTIUM FOR VERIFICATION TECHNOLOGY

Office of Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation Research and Development

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Professor Sara Pozzi University of Michigan


CVT Overview Mission

•  Preven(ng the spread of nuclear weapons is a top priority for our na(on and the world.

•  The fast-‐growing expansion of nuclear capabili(es of the 1950’s and 60’s was ul(mately countered by the Nuclear Nonprolifera(on Treaty (NPT).

•  There are states inside and states outside this treaty that may be pursuing elements of an overt or covert nuclear weapons program.

•  Several other trea(es have been nego(ated to limit and then stop nuclear weapons tes(ng, and to reduce the nuclear arsenals of the Soviet Union/Russia and the United States and other states.

IAEA headquarters, Vienna

The CVT’s overarching theme is the advancement of the state-of-the-art in technologies and policies related to the verification of nuclear treaties.

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CVT Treaties

•  Nuclear Nonprolifera(on Treaty (NPT) verified by IAEA Safeguards

•  Addi(onal Protocol •  Fissile Material Cutoff Treaty

(FMCT) •  Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty

(CTBT) •  Disarmament Trea(es

“One of our highest priorities is the ratification and entry into force of the Comprehensive Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty. The Treaty is an essential step toward the peace and security of a world without nuclear weapons,” President Obama articulated in Prague in April 2009.

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Source: CTBTO website


CVT Overview Proposed Research

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Thrust'Area'1:'Treaty'Verifica,on:'Characterizing'Exis,ng'Gaps'and'Emerging'Challenges''!

Thrust'Area'6:'Educa,on'and'Outreach''

Next&genera+on!professionals!in!nonprolifera+on!and!

safeguards!

Cross&cu6ng,!transform

a+on

al!

techno

logies!Thrust'Area'3:''

Advanced'Safeguards'Tools'for'Accessible'Facili,es'

'

Thrust'Area'4:''Detec,on'of'Undeclared''Ac,vi,es'and'Inaccessible''

Facili,es'

Thrust'Area'5:''Disarmament''Verifica,on'

!

Thrust'Area'2:'Fundamental'Data'and'Techniques''!


CVT Overview Organization Chart

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2"

Na#onal'Nuclear'Security'Administra#on,'Defense'Nuclear'Nonprolifera#on'

Director'Sara"Pozzi,"UM"

'Assistant'Director'Shaun"Clarke,"UM"

"Project'Manager'John"Rodriquez,"UM"

Advisory'Board'Ini$al'composi$on'James"Duderstadt,"UM"Richard"Kouzes,"PNNL"Alfred"Bedard,"NOAA"

Chief'Scien#st'David"Wehe,"UM"

Thrust'Area'1:''Treaty'Verifica$on:'Characterizing'Exis$ng'Gaps'and'Emerging'Challenges'Lead:"Alexander"Glaser,"Princeton"

Ins#tu#ons'Princeton"University"MIT"

Thrust'Area'2:''Fundamental'Data'and'Techniques'Lead:"Al"Hero,"UM"

Ins#tu#ons'University"of"Michigan"MassachuseNs""InsOtute"of"Technology"Duke"University"North"Carolina"State"University"Los"Alamos"NaOonal"Lab"Sandia"NaOonal"Labs"Oak"Ridge"NaOonal"Lab"Lawrence"Livermore"NaOonal"Lab"

Thrust'Area'3:''Advanced'Safeguards'Tools'for''Accessible'Facili$es'Lead:"Zhong"He,"UM"

Ins#tu#ons'University"of"Michigan"University"of"Florida"Pennsylvania"State"University"Los"Alamos"NaOonal"Lab"Lawrence"Livermore"NaOonal"Lab"Oak"Ridge"NaOonal"Lab"Pacific"Northwest"NaOonal"Lab"Idaho"NaOonal"Lab"Sandia"NaOonal"Labs"

Thrust'Area'4:''Detec$on'of'Undeclared''Ac$vi$es'and''Inaccessible''Facili$es''Lead:"Paul"Richards,"Columbia"

Ins#tu#ons'University"of"Michigan"Columbia"University"University"of"Wisconsin"Oregon"State"University"University"of"Hawaii"Lawrence"Livermore"NaOonal"Lab"Sandia"NaOonal"Labs"Los"Alamos"NaOonal"Lab"Pacific"Northwest"NaOonal"Lab"

Thrust'Area'6:''Educa$on'and'Outreach'Lead:"Kimberlee"KearfoN,"UM"

Univ.'PI'Board'All"university"PIs"

Thrust'Area'5:''Disarmament'Verifica$on'Lead:"Richard"Lanza,"MIT"

Ins#tu#ons'MIT"Princeton"University"University"of"Illinois"Yale"University"of"Michigan"Princeton"Plasma"Physics"Lab"Idaho"NaOonal"Lab"Los"Alamos"NaOonal"Lab"

Na#onal'Lab'Point'of'Contact'Marek"Flaska,"UM"


Brookhaven Na(onal Lab

MassachuseZs Ins(tute of Technology

ID

WA

OR

NV

CA

NM

WI

IL

TN

FL

NC

MI

NY

PA NJCT

MA

HI

North Carolina State University

Penn State University

Princeton University

Yale University

Oak Ridge Na(onal Lab

University of Florida

Oregon State University

Sandia Na(onal Labs

Lawrence Livermore Na(onal Lab

Columbia University

Idaho Na(onal Lab University of Michigan

Los Alamos Na(onal Lab

University of Illinois

University of Wisconsin

Nevada Nuclear Security Site

HI

University of Hawaii Duke University

Princeton Plasma Physics Lab

Pacific Northwest Na(onal Lab

Lawrence Berkeley Na(onal Lab

CVT Overview Collaborating Institutions

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Thrust Area I: Characterizing Existing Gaps and Emerging Challenges

•  Fissile Material Cutoff Treaty -‐ Verifica(on Challenges •  Future Disarmament Trea(es

US and French nuclear tests. Source: CTBTO website

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Thrust Area II: Fundamental Data and Techniques

Tail Jitter

Tail I

nteg

ral /

Tot

al In

tegr

al

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 40

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

0.3

0.35

0.4

0.45

0.5

gamma rays

neutrons

b

50

100

150

-30-20-100102030

10-7

10-6

AngleTime (ns)

Co

unts

per

Fis

sion

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8x 10-6

a

Physics of fission experiments

•  Physics of Fission •  Data Analy(cs •  Data Acquisi(on for High-‐Throughput Radia(on Detector

Systems

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Thrust Area III: Advanced Safeguards Tools for Accessible Facilities

•  Neutron Mul(plicity Coun(ng •  Handheld/Portable Room Temperature

Semiconductor Gamma-‐Ray Imagers •  Stand-‐off Measurements using Laser-‐Induced

Breakdown Spectroscopy for Limited Access Areas •  Chain-‐of-‐Custody Detectors

UM-Liquid Scintillator Multiplicity counter at JRC- Ispra, Italy 2013

Pennsylvania State University LIBS Facility UM- Polaris Gamma-ray Imager

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Thrust Area IV: Detection of Undeclared Activities

•  Seismic Signatures •  Infrasound Signatures •  Atmospheric

Radionuclide Sensing •  Signatures from

Undeclared Fuel-‐Cycle Facili(es

Source: Ground-based Nuclear Detonation Detection (GNDD) Technology Roadmap (NNSA) - 2014

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hZp://www.ctbto.org/verifica(on-‐regime/


Thrust Area V: Disarmament Verification

•  Radia(on Detec(on Systems for Arms Control and Treaty Verifica(on

•  Warhead Dismantlement Facility and Managed-‐Access Simulator •  Zero-‐Knowledge Neutron-‐based Verifica(on System •  Limited Knowledge Transmission Nuclear Resonance Fluorescence

Princeton University: MCNP5 simulations for a basic diversion scenario

Yale University: Bubble Detectors

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Thrust Area VI: Education and Outreach

•  CVT Research Fellowships –  Undergraduate Fellowships –  Graduate Fellowships –  Post-‐doctoral Fellowships –  Faculty Sabba(cal Fellowships –  Na(onal Laboratory Expert Fellowships

•  Career Development –  Fellows Career Development –  Fellows Transi(on to Na(onal Laboratories

•  New and Enhanced Academic Courses –  New Course Development –  Cer(ficates of Public Policy

•  Outreach –  Workshops, Summer Schools, and Conferences –  Underrepresented Minority Summer

Undergraduate Research Opportuni(es Program –  Ins(tute of Nuclear Materials Management Student Chapters

Gamma Spectrometer

Gross Neutron Counter

Neutron Multiplicity Counter

Plutonium Source

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Deliverables and Outcomes 1.  A deep understanding of the policy and technical aspects

of nuclear treaty verifica(on 2.  Next-‐genera(on set of computa(onal capabili(es for

data analysis and data fusion, leading to improved detec(on of anomaly scenarios in nonprolifera(on and safeguards

3.  New, more effec(ve and reliable capabili(es and tools for declared nuclear facili(es, undeclared ac(vi(es and facili(es, and disarmament verifica(on, including zero-‐knowledge and limited-‐knowledge approaches

4.  More than 60 B. S., M. S., and Ph. D. graduates with talent, training, and commitment in the fields of nonprolifera(on and safeguards with strong (es to the na(onal laboratory system

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