construction testing for pcc paving - caltrans · construction testing qconcrete aggregates...
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Construction Testingfor PCC Paving
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Construction TestingConcrete AggregatesCementitious MaterialMixing WaterChemical AdmixturesFreshly Mixed ConcreteCuring CompoundHardened Concrete
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Coarse AggregateCT 211-Abrasion by LA Rattler
Indicator of wear due to impact and abrasionFrequency– initial (60 days prior to use)– acceptance (if initial test loss ≥ 40%)
• every 3,000 m3 of PCCP
Testing by some District lab’s, or METSSpec. requirement, 90-2.02A – 45% maximum loss after 500 rev’s
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CT 211-Abrasion of Coarse Aggregate by LA Rattler
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Coarse AggregateCT 227-Cleanness Value
Measure of silt & clay sized particlesFrequency– initial (60 days prior to use)– acceptance
• every 400 m3 of PCCP, once per day minimum• 1 per day if CV>80 for 3 consecutive tests
Testing by DistrictSpec. Requirement, 90-2.02A– 75 minimum
– 71 minimum, if pass CT 549
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CT 227-Cleanness Value
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Coarse AggregateCT 206-Specific Gravity (SSD)
Results used in mix design calculationsFrequency– initial (60 days prior to use)
Testing by District or METSSpec. Requirement– no requirement
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CT 206-Specific Gravity and Absorption of Coarse Aggregate
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Fine AggregateCT 213-Organic Impurities
Screen for presence of organic materialFrequency– initial (60 days prior to use)
Testing by District or METSSpec. Requirement, 90-2.02B– Satisfactory
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CT 213-Organic Impurities
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Fine AggregateCT 515-Relative Mortar Strength
Relative measure of sand strengthFrequency– initial (60 days prior to use)
Testing by District or METSSpec. Requirement, 90-2.02B– 95% minimum
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Fine AggregateCT 217-Sand Equivalent
Measure of silt & clay sized particlesFrequency– initial (60 days prior to use)– acceptance
• every 400 m3 of PCCP, once per day min.• 1 per day if SE>80 for 3 consecutive tests
Testing by District or METSSpec. Requirement, 90-2.02B– 75 minimum– 71 min, if passing CT 549
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CT 217-Sand Equivalent
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Fine AggregateCT 207-Specific Gravity (SSD)
Results used in mix design calculationsFrequency– initial (60 days prior to use)
Testing by District or METS.Spec. Requirement– no requirement
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CT 207-Specific Gravity and Absorption
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Fine AggregateCT 229-Durability Index
Indicator of resistance to wear by abrasionFrequency– initial (60 days prior to use)
Testing by District or METSSpec. Requirement– Waive requirements for Soundness Testing
if result of 60, or greater.
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Coarse and Fine AggregatesCT 214-Soundness by NaSO4
Indicator of wear due to wetting/drying, heating/cooling, freezing/thawing cyclesFrequency– initial (60 days prior to use)
Testing by METSSpec. Requirement– 10% maximum loss
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Coarse and Fine AggregatesCT 202-Sieve Analysis
Verify well-graded particle distribution with few finesFrequency– initial (60 days prior to use)– acceptance
• every 400 m3 of PCCP, once per day min.
Testing by DistrictSpec. Requirement, 90-3.02 & 90-3.03– grading limits
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Gradation Analysis Test Results
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0.1110100
Particle Diameter (mm)
Perc
ent P
assi
ng
US Standard SieveOpenings (Inches)
US Standard Sieve Number Hydrometer (Cal Test 203)
3/4"
1" 1/2"
3/8"
#4 #8 #16
#30
#50
#100
#200
5 µm
1 µm
2"4"
GRAVELSSILT
SANDSCoarse Fine Coarse Medium Fine
CLAY
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Coarse and Fine AggregatesCT 528-Freeze Thaw
Required only when specified in special provisionsFrequency– initial (4 months before use)
Testing by METSSpec. Requirement, 90-2.02– dilation less than 50 millionths– shrinkage less than 0.006% of gage length
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Coarse and Fine AggregatesCT 223-Surface Moisture by Displacement
Rapid field method for determining moisture by displacement in water.Frequency– acceptance
• every 400 m3 of PCCP, once per day min.
Testing by DistrictSpec. Requirement, 90-5.03– 8% maximum of SSD mass
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Coarse and Fine AggregatesCT 226-Surface Moisture by Oven Drying
Frequency– acceptance
• every 400 m3 of PCCP, once per day min.
Testing by DistrictSpec. Requirement, 90-5.03– 8% maximum of SSD mass
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CementASTM C150 (modified)
Frequency– initial
• none with certificate of Compliance• 14, 35 days prior to use depending if brand
previously tested
– acceptance• every 400 m3 of PCCP, once per day min.
Testing by DistrictSpec. Requirement, 90-2.01
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Mineral AdmixtureASTM C618 (modified)
Frequency– initial
• refer to current list of approved brands
– acceptance• every 400 m3 of PCCP, once per day min.
Testing by METS Spec. Requirement, 90-4.02 and 90-4.08
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WaterCT 405- Chemical analysis of water
Indicator of presence of Chlorides and SulfatesFrequency– initial– acceptance
• don’t need to test water supplies for domestic use
Testing by METS– If total solids>2,000 ppm, or pH is acidic or
alkaline then test for sulfate & chloride content
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WaterCT 417- Sulfate Content
Control degradation due to sulfate attackFrequency– initial– acceptance
• don’t need to test water supplies for domestic use
Testing by METSSpec. Requirement, 90-2.03– 1,300 ppm maximum
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WaterCT 422- Chloride Content
Control corrosion of embedded steelFrequency– initial– acceptance
• don’t need to test water supplies for domestic use
Testing by METSSpec. Requirement, 90-2.03– 1,000 ppm maximum
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WaterSet Time and Mortar Strength
Spec. Requirement– shall not contain an amount of impurities that will cause
a change in the setting time of portland cement of more than 25 percent nor a reduction in the compressive strength of mortar at 14 days of more than 5 percent when compared to the results obtained with distilled or deionized water
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Air Entraining AdmixtureASTM C260
Frequency– Initial (1 week prior to use)
• refer to current list of approved brands
acceptance• each delivery to the job site
Testing by METS Spec. Requirement, ASTM C260
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Chemical AdmixtureASTM C494
Frequency– Initial (1 week prior to use)
• refer to current list of approved brands
acceptance• each delivery to the job site
Testing by METS Spec. Requirement, ASTM C494
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Freshly Mixed ConcreteCT 539-Sampling Fresh Concrete
Obtain representative sampleuse clean, damp, non-absorbent sampling receptaclefor non-agitating trucks obtain sample from5 different portions of the loadfor ready-mix trucks obtain sample from 2 or more regular intervals from middle of batchremix composite samplestart penetration, air, and temperature testing within 5 minutes from time of samplingcomplete all testing and beam fabrication within 15 minutes from the time of sampling
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Freshly Mixed ConcreteCT 518-Density (Yield)
Results used to verify cement contentFrequency– Acceptance
• every 4 hours of production
Testing by field lab.Spec. Requirement– adjust batch proportions to obtain specified or
ordered cement content
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Freshly Mixed ConcreteCT 533-Ball Penetration
Measure of consistency and uniformityFrequency– Acceptance
• when beams are fabricated• when consistency and uniformity is questionable
Testing by field lab.Spec. Requirement, 90-6.06– Nominal penetration, 0-25mm– Maximum penetration, 40 mm
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Freshly Mixed ConcreteCT 533-Ball Penetration (cont.)
Spec. Requirement, 90-6.01– 10mm maximum difference in penetration
measurements from the same batch
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Freshly Mixed ConcreteCT 504-Air Content (Pressure Method)
Verify entrained air contentFrequency– acceptance
• when CT 518-Density (Yield) test is performed
Testing by field lab.Spec. Requirement, 90-4.07– average of 3 tests, 4% max– individual tests, 5.5% max
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CT 504-Air MeterPressure Method
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ASTM C173Air Meter-Volume Method
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Freshly Mixed ConcreteCT 529-Proportions of coarse aggregate
Verify uniformity of concrete mixFrequency– acceptance
• when CT 533-Ball Penetration test is performed to verify uniformity
Testing by field lab.Spec. Requirement, 90-6.01– variation in coarse aggregate, 100 kg/m3 max
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Curing CompoundCT 534-Water Retention
Measure of water loss through curing compoundFrequency– once a day sampled from spray bar
Testing by METSSpec. Requirement, 90-7.01B, ASTM C309– moisture loss of 0.15kg/m2 , maximum, in 24
hours
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Hardened ConcreteCT 523-Flexural Strength
Verify strength requirementsFrequency– acceptance
• 1 set of 3 beams for 3,000 m3 of PCC Paving
Testing by field lab.Spec. Requirement, 90-8.03– 3.8 MPa prior to opening to public or contractor
traffic
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CT 523-Flexural StrengthMethod 1
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CT 523-Flexural StrengthMethod 2
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Hydraulic beam breaker
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Hardened ConcreteCT 531-Pavement Thickness
Measure length of drilled coresFrequency– one core per 300 linear meters of traffic lane for
primary unit
Testing by District lab.Spec. Requirement, 40-1.135– pay deduction for thickness deficiency greater than
2.5mm– thickness deficiency greater than 15mm maybe
removed and replaced
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Hardened ConcreteCT 526-California Profilograph
Measure of pavement smoothnessFrequency (within 10 days after paving)– Profiles made at 1m from edge of pavement
and at longitudinal jointsTesting by Contractor in presence of RE staffSpec. Requirement, 40-1.10
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Hardened ConcreteCT 342-Coefficient of Friction
Measure of pavement skid resistanceFrequency (prior to opening to public traffic but no sooner than 7 days after paving)Testing by METSSpec. Requirement, 40-1.10– coefficient of friction of 0.3 minimum– less than 0.3 requires grooving of pavement
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ASTM C1074 Concrete Strength by Maturity Method
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ASTM C805Rebound (Schmidt) Hammer
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ASTM D4944Moisture Content by Calcium Carbide Gas Pressure Tester