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cenergiConsumer Energy Interfaces 

INTERDISCIPLINARY TEAM• PI: Tom Turrentine, Anthropology—Consumer Response to PHEVs• Co-PI: Glenda Drew, Design—Creative Interfaces and Media Activism• Co-PI: Kwan Liu-Ma, Computer Science—Big Data Visualization• Co-PI: Nina Amenta, Computer Science—Visualization and Graphics• Co-PI: Alan Meier, Energy Research—Opportunities to Reduce Consumption• Co-PI: Ken Kurani, Transportation—Energy and travel choices• Postdoc: Angela Sanguinetti, Behavior analysis, environmental psychology• GSR: Justin Woodjack, Transportation, Technology, and Policy • GSR: Sumayyah Ahmed, Computer Science• GSR: Hannah Park, Design• Designer: Jack Leng• Undergraduate Assistants: Computer Engineering, Mechanical Engineering

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ONGOING PROJECTS

• SESEME—Dynamic monument for community-level energy feedback• OBDEnergy—App for energy feedback on driving behavior• TripLog—App for energy feedback on travel mode choice• Eco-driving white paper

• Eco-driving in-vehicle feedback typology• Eco-driving behavioral dimensions conceptual paper• Eco-driving interventions (mainly feedback) literature review

• Collaborative work with Campus Facilities• CEED: Energy Feedback Dashboard• CEFs: Energy Feedback Systems

INTRO TO CENERGI: A STORY ABOUT ENERGY FEEDBACK

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ENERGY FEEDBACK:1st GENERATION

THE HOUSEHOLD

BUILDING AGGREGATED + DISAGGREGATED

ELECTRICITY USE

PAPER/MONITORS: TEXT

GEN 1

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ENERGY FEEDBACK:1ST GEN 2ND GENERATION

THEHOUSEHOLD

+ THE WORKPLACE, THE DRIVER

BUILDING AGG-DISAG ELECTRICITY

USE

+ MULTIPLE BUILDINGS, ANALYTICS

PAPER/ DIGITAL:

TEXT+ WEB-BASED: GRAPHICS

GEN 2

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ENERGY FEEDBACK:1ST GEN 2nd GEN 3rd GENERATION

THEHOUSEHOLD

+ THE WORKPLACE, THE DRIVER

+ THE LOCAL COMMUNITY

BUILDINGAGG-DISAG ELECTRICITY

USE

+ MULTIPLE BUILDINGS, ANALYTICS

+ ENERGY GENERATION,

OTHER RESOURCES

PAPER/ DIGITAL: TEXT

+ WEB-BASED: GRAPHICS

+ TANGIBLE, AMBIENT,

AESTHETIC DESIGNS

GEN 3

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A TYPOLOGY OF ECO-DRIVING FEEDBACKBehavioral assumptions and implications of in-vehicle displays

BACKGROUND

StrategicVehicle selection

classmodelconfiguration

Maintenanceoil choicetire choice

tire inflationengine tune-ups

TacticalRoute selection

congestiongrade profileroad type

Load managementracksweight

OperationalAvoid idling

Speed (within limits, steady, cruise)AccelerationDeceleration

Gear changes (early, highest)Windows up at high speedsConservative use of A/C and other electrics

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BACKGROUND

• Studies of eco-driving feedback interventions have demonstrated fuel economy

improvements averaging 5%, but ranging from 0% to 18%• (Kurani, Stillwater, Jones, & Caperello, 2014)

• Feedback displays in these studies also vary widely

BACKGROUND

• Past typologies of Eco-driving feedback• Momentary, Accumulated, and Offline

• (Tulusan, Soi, Paefgen, Brogle, & Staake, 2011)• Current Efficiency, Deceleration Efficiency, Trip Efficiency, and Range Comparison

• Report by PHEV researchers for CEC• Specific to PHEVs and EVs

• Based on formal and temporal features of feedback displays• Insufficient attention to other behaviorally-relevant attributes

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PRESENT RESEARCH

• Develop behaviorally relevant typology of in-vehicle feedback displays• Explain discrepant findings about the effectiveness of feedback displays • Contribute to the design of more effective feedback displays

METHODOLOGY

• Extensive review of on-market in-vehicle eco-driving feedback displays• Identify feedback attributes with implications for behavior• Perform cluster analysis to determine behaviorally distinct types of in-vehicle

feedback

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METHODOLOGYFeedback Attribute Description Behavioral Paradigm or Theory

Feedback Standard Is there a reference point provided to which a motivated user may attempt to align their behavior? Feedback Intervention Theory

Behavioral Granularity Does the feedback reflect a specific driver response or an aggregate of behaviors?

Behaviorism Signal Detection Theory

Behavioral Sensitivity What magnitude of behavior is required for feedback to be affected? BehaviorismSignal Detection Theory

Temporal Granularity Doe feedback convey information about instantaneous behavior or behavior accumulated over a period of time?

BehaviorismSignal Detection Theory

Temporal Proximity Is feedback provided immediately after the relevant behavior or delayed? BehaviorismSignal Detection Theory

Mode of Interface What is the perceptual mode of interface between the driver and the feedback?

Signal Detection TheoryFeedback Intervention Theory

Gameful Design Does the design use principles of gamification? Human Computer Interactions

Emotional Design Doe the design use principles of biophilic or restorative design? Attention Restoration TheoryBiophilic Design

METHODOLOGY• Classify feedback streams according to these attributes

• E.g., One display within a 2009 Honda Insight’s Feedback System (Eco Guide) has two distinct feedback streams

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PRELIMINARY TYPOLOGY• Instantaneous Mileage• Average Mileage• Money Mileage• Mileage History• Pedal Gamification• Ambient Eco Indicator• Comprehensive Coaching• Emphatic Rewards• Energy Analysis• Power Meter• Relative Range

PEDAL GAMIFICATION

Feedback Attribute Pedal Gamification

Feedback Standard Yes

Behavioral Granularity Specific to pedal-pressing

Behavioral Sensitivity High in terms of movement but low-moderate in terms of levels

Temporal Granularity Instantaneous

Temporal Proximity Real-time

Mode of Interface Graphic, colored lights, movement

Gameful Design Yes

Emotional Design Sometimes

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EMPATHIC REWARDS

Feedback Attribute Empathic Rewards

Feedback Standard Yes

Behavioral Granularity Aggregate

Behavioral Sensitivity Low-Moderate

Temporal Granularity Accumulated

Temporal Proximity Real-time

Mode of Interface Graphic, colored lights, movement

Gameful Design Yes

Emotional Design Yes

STAY TUNED FOR MORE

• Including…• a behavioral analysis of each feedback type • and recommendations for novel displays

THANK YOU,Angela Sanguinetti, PhD

Postdoctoral Scholar, UC Davis