consumer health informatics & telehealth
DESCRIPTION
Consumer Health Informatics & TelehealthTRANSCRIPT
Consumer Health
Informatics & Telehealth
By Dr. Khaled Ouanes Ph.D. - Twitter: @khaled_ouanes
Complexity and collaboration in healthcare have made Telehealth and Consumer Health Informatics
necessary.
HEALTHCARE COMPLEXITY AND COLLABORATION
The patients need better understanding of their health
diagnosis and to be aware of the new trends in research and information.
The patient needs to be an active participant.
HEALTHCARE COMPLEXITY AND COLLABORATION
●Complexity: the increasing need to understand health and disease.
●Collaboration: active participation between providers, patients, family members & society.
HEALTHCARE COMPLEXITY AND COLLABORATION
WHAT IS TELEMEDICINE?
Telemedicine involves the use of modern information technology, especially two-way interactive audio/video communications, computers and telemetry to deliver health services to remote patients.
TELEMEDICINE?
It also facilitates information exchange between primary care physicians and specialists located at some distance from each other.
TELEMEDICINE?
TELEMEDICINE?
TELEMEDICINE= Medicine +Telecommunications
Technology
We can define it, then, as the use of electronic information and
communication technologies to provide and support healthcare
services when distance separates the participants.
TELEM
ED
ICIN
E?
Tele
healt
h:
a b
road
term
•Excellent collaboration method
•Capture data at one site and interpret it at another
•video-conferencing between patients and providers
•Focuses on management rather than diagnosis
Remote Monitoring
Telemedicine:
Telepresence
Remote Interpretatio
n
TELEM
ED
ICIN
E?
Tele
healt
h:
a b
road
term
Telehealth and telemedicine have the ability to bring
professionals and patients closer together. Telemedicine
emphasizes the distance, especially the provision of care to remote or isolated patients
and communities.
TELEMEDICINE HISTORY
TELEMEDICINE HISTORY
Telemedicine began as early as 1924, with the concept of a physician seeing his patient over the radio using a television screen.
The 1st wave of actual telemedicine programs started in the 1950s. We’re now witnessing the
3rd wave. Most programs that began in the 1960s-1980s no longer exist (Funding issues)
TELEMEDICINE HISTORY
Telemedicine began as early as 1924, with the concept of a physician seeing his patient over the radio using a television screen.
The 1st wave of actual telemedicine programs started in the 1950s. We’re now witnessing the
3rd wave. Most programs that began in the 1960s-1980s no longer exist (Funding issues)
WHY TELEMEDICINE?
AccessProvide primary healthcare that would not be available otherwise.Eliminate expensive travel and isolation.Reduce need to move patients.
Telemedicine settings :RuralSchoolsClinicsHospitalsPrisonsNursing homes/ Assisted living
WHY TELEMEDICINE?
TH
E T
ELEM
ED
EC
INE
EC
OS
YS
TEM
Video conference systemCameras on each endTV screens/Computers on each endVarious medical peripheralsVideo connection T-1 line, Satellite, Phone line (POTS), Internet…
HOW DOES TELEMEDICINE WORK?
Rem
ote
S
ite
Hub Site
T-1
HOW DOES TELEMEDICINE WORK?
TELEMEDICINE AND TELEHEALTH: REDUCING THE DISTANCE BETWEEN THE
CONSUMER & HEALTHCARE SYSTEMS
Patients and providers quickly recognized that rapid electronic communications have the potential to:
1.Improve care by reducing the costs 2.Limit delays associated with travel 3.Direct communication among various
participants (patients, family members, primary care providers, specialists…)
Long distance careRemote monitoringAdvice regarding disease without moving Treatment follow-ups via telecommunications
MAIN BENEFITS OF TELEMEDICINE
CONSUMERISM, SELF-HELP, AND CONSUMER HEALTH
INFORMATICSPatients are important participant in health care. Patients participate in Health care by: •Self-monitoring •Evaluating•Choosing therapeutic strategies from acceptable alternatives•Implementing the therapies •Evaluating therapies effects
As a full partner in health promotion and disease management
consumers serve as their own case managers, brokering care from
generalists, specialists, and ancillary groups.
THE ROLE OF THE CONSUMER
Generally consumers receive their needed clinical services from different providers. Modern
Informatics tools, such as the electronic health record (HER),
provide an integrated record and communication service.
THE ROLE OF THE CONSUMER
Consumers require access to this record so that they can contribute timely observations, monitor their own progress toward health, and
comprehend the plethora of clinical interventions available to them.
THE ROLE OF THE CONSUMER
Applications of medical informatics technologies that focus on patients or healthy individuals as the primary users. Mainly, it:- Analyzes information needs of consumers- Develops, tests, and implements strategies to deliver health information to consumers- Integrates consumer preferences into HCIS
CONSUMER HEALTH INFORMATICS (CHI)
CHI CONTINUUM
DEGREE OF CONSUMER AUTONOMY
Provide information
Access to personal medical
information
Communicate with providers
Obtain education/ information/treatm
ent
Give/receive support
BRIDGING DISTANCE WITH INFORMATICS: REAL-WORLD
SYSTEMSThere are many ways to categorize CHI and Telehealth
resources, including classifications based on participants, bandwidth,
information transmitted, medical specialty, immediacy, health care
condition, and financial reimbursement.
BRIDGING DISTANCE WITH INFORMATICS: REAL-WORLD
SYSTEMS
DIRECT ACCESS TO HEALTH INFORMATION RESOURCES BY
CONSUMERSComputer technology can supplement clinicians’ teaching with more detailed information that can be referenced repeatedly by a patient privately at home. Consumer health informatics resources provide substantive & procedural knowledge about health problems & promising interventions.
Consumer health informatics resources originate from 2 major perspectives: Professional and
self-help.
HEALTH INFORMATION RESOURCES FOR CONSUMERS
Professional-developed CHI resources are those developed by healthcare clinicians and their organizations. Healthcare organizations (e.g. HMOs, managed-care companies, and group practices) develop information resources as a service to the patient populations that they are treating.
HEALTH INFORMATION RESOURCES FOR CONSUMERS
Self-help Consumer health informatics resources complement & augment those provided by the formal healthcare systems. A self-help perspective is generally more inclusive & comprehensive than a professional perspective. The information may address daily living concerns, lifestyle issues, content considered credible by medical authorities.
HEALTH INFORMATION RESOURCES FOR CONSUMERS
Many CHI resources represent a combination of professional and self-help perspectives. Web-based resources, (e.g. those provided by the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center) provide pointers to other Web sites that represent professional or self-help perspectives
HEALTH INFORMATION RESOURCES FOR CONSUMERS
CONSUMER HEALTH NETWORKS & HEALTH-RELATED MESSAGINGComputer networks Provide patients with
access to information and offer the additional opportunity for individuals to connect with other people who share similar concerns and with their healthcare providers.Network-based consumer health services include both specialty and public access networks.
Examples of two specialty systems that have been heavily researched are:
The Computer LinkComprehensive Health Evaluation and Social Support System (CHESS)
CONSUMER HEALTH NETWORKS & HEALTH-RELATED MESSAGING
The Computer Link: A specialized computer network service for homebound patients and their caregivers.
CHESS: Targets the needs of people living with AIDS and women diagnosed with breast cancer.
CONSUMER HEALTH NETWORKS & HEALTH-RELATED MESSAGING
Public access systems include the health related Usenet discussion
groups and the health forums available on CompuServe and
America Online.
CONSUMER HEALTH NETWORKS & HEALTH-RELATED MESSAGING
The Forgotten Telephone 25% of all primary care encounters occur via the telephone. These include triage, case management, results review, consultation, medication adjustment and logistical issues.This can be partly traced to the fact that telephone consultations are not reimbursed by most insurance carriers.
CONSUMER HEALTH NETWORKS & HEALTH-RELATED MESSAGING
Remote Monitoring Remote monitoring is a subset of telehealth focusing on the capture of clinically relevant data in the patients’ homes or other locations outside of conventional hospitals, clinics or healthcare provider offices, and the subsequent transmission of the data to central locations for review.
CONSUMER HEALTH NETWORKS & HEALTH-RELATED MESSAGING
Several factors limit the widespread use of remote monitoring
CONSUMER HEALTH NETWORKS & HEALTH-RELATED MESSAGING
1.EFFICACY: While these systems have proven
acceptable to patients and beneficial in small studies, few large-scale controlled trials have been done.
CONSUMER HEALTH NETWORKS & HEALTH-RELATED MESSAGINGFactors limiting the use of remote
monitoring
2. WHO WILL REVIEW THE DATA: Research studies have utilized specially trained nurses at centralized offices but it is not clear that this will scale up.
CONSUMER HEALTH NETWORKS & HEALTH-RELATED MESSAGINGFactors limiting the use of remote
monitoring
3. MONEY: for most conditions, remote monitoring is still not a reimbursed activity.
CONSUMER HEALTH NETWORKS & HEALTH-RELATED MESSAGINGFactors limiting the use of remote
monitoring
Remote Interpretation: Capture of images, radiographs (teleradiology), photographs (teledermatology, teleophthalmology, telepathology), or wave forms, such as ECGs (telecardiology). By far, teleradiology is the largest category of remote interpretation.
CONSUMER HEALTH NETWORKS & HEALTH-RELATED MESSAGING
There are 3 categories of synchronous video Telehealth that stand in clear contrast to the general trend:1- Telepsychiatry2-Correctional Telehealth3-Home Telehealth
CONSUMER HEALTH NETWORKS & HEALTH-RELATED MESSAGING
Telepsychiatry Psychiatry is the ideal clinical domain for synchronous video consultation. Diagnosis is based primarily on observing and talking to the patient. New York State Psychiatric Institute (NYSPI): responsible for providing expert consultation to mental health facilities and prisons throughout the state.
CONSUMER HEALTH NETWORKS & HEALTH-RELATED MESSAGING
Correctional Telehealth Prisons tend to be located far from major metropolitan centers. They are then located far from the specialists in major medical centers. Transporting prisoners to medical centers is an expensive proposition.
CONSUMER HEALTH NETWORKS & HEALTH-RELATED MESSAGING
Home Telehealth In 2002, American Telemedicine Association released new guidelines for Home Telehealth. Synchronous video is provided over Plain Old Telephone Service (POTS) connections.
In late 1990s, many believed that home broadband access would become ubiquitous and many vendors abandoned POTS-based systems in favor or IP-based video solutions.
CONSUMER HEALTH NETWORKS & HEALTH-RELATED MESSAGING
Home Telehealth can be divided into 2 major categories:1-The 1st category: Telehome care: It is the telehealth equivalent of home nursing care. Involving frequent video visits between nurses & patients. It is viewed as a way to provide care at reduced costs. As with home nursing care, telehome care tends to have a finite duration (often focused on recovery from a
specific disease or incident).
CONSUMER HEALTH NETWORKS & HEALTH-RELATED MESSAGING
2- The second category: centers on the management of chronic diseases. Compared with telehome care, this type of home telehealth frequently involves a longer duration of care and less frequent interactions. Video interactions tend to focus on patient education, more than on evaluation of acute conditions.
CONSUMER HEALTH NETWORKS & HEALTH-RELATED MESSAGING
Healthcare professionals
play 3 key roles in CHI
ROLES OF HEALTH PROFESSIONALS IN CHI
1. Professionals serve as sources for content. Working in conjunction with software designers, clinicians provide relevant information on the nature & course of illnesses & expected treatment. Effective clinicians deeme as content experts should consider both physiological causes of disease and Socio-environmental causes & consequences of illnesses.
ROLES OF HEALTH PROFESSIONALS IN CHI
2. Professionals provide important guidance in moderating public electronic discussion groups &and responding to patients’ electronic messages.
ROLES OF HEALTH PROFESSIONALS IN CHI
3. Clinicians become information brokers and interpreters for patients, directing patients to relevant resources & using time in the clinical encounter to discuss observations, to help interpret the meaning & relevance of particular information, and to aid patients to translate information into behavioral changes in their lives.
ROLES OF HEALTH PROFESSIONALS IN CHI
CHALLENGES: SECURITY
Using the Internet for Consumer Health and Telehealth Applications will mean…
Resources are widely availableData freely transmitted over the Internet raises security concerns
The industry faces the challenge to ensure integrity and quality of the medical data transmitted over the Internet
Better Primary
Care decisions
More accurate
secondary referrals
Un-necessary
spending is reduced
ON THE BRIGHT SIDE FOR HCI…
everyone with computer access can potentially communicate with experts around the world. We now have the tools to develop new healthcare models, wherein clinicians, community leaders, families, and friends collaborate to prevent illness, promote health, care for the sick, and develop and administer new therapies. This vision is no longer a pipe dream: We can do it today.
FUTURE DIRECTIONS
The challenge will be to facilitate productive collaborations between
patients, their caregivers, biomedical scientists, and information technology
experts.
FUTURE DIRECTIONS