content and module 2 contextual analysis of selected
TRANSCRIPT
2MODULE
C o n t e n t a n d
C o n t e x t u a l A n a l y s i s
o f S e l e c t e d P r i m a r y
S o u r c e s i n
P h i l i p p i n e
H i s t o r yIn this chapter, we will examine
a number of primary sources
from different historical periods
and evaluate the content of
these documents in terms of
historical value and examine
their production context.
The primary sources in this
chapter range from chronicles,
official documents, speeches
and cartoons and visual arts.
We are going to explore all of
that in this chapter.
MODULE CONTENTS
At the end of Module 2, you should be able to:
a. Properly interpret on the primary sources through
examining the content and context of the
document; and
b. Display learned history through primary sources.
Intended Learning Outcomes
LESSON 1: A Brief Summary of the First Voyage Around the
World by Magellan by Antonio Pigafetta
LESSON 2: The KKK and the “Kartilya ng Katipunan”
LESSON 3: Reading the “Proclamation of the Philippine Independence”
LESSON 4: A Glance at Selected Philippine Political Caricature in Alfred McCoy’s Philippine Cartoons: Political Caricature of the American Era (1900-1941)
LESSON 5: Revisiting Corazon Aquino’s Speech before the U.S. Congress
1LESSONA B r i e f S u m m a r y
o f t h e F i r s t V o y a g e A r o u n d
t h e W o r l d b y
M a g e l l a n b y
A n t o n i o P i g a f e t t a
“If you hear a voice within you say ‘you
cannot paint’, then by all means paint,
and that voice will be silenced.”
- Vincent Van Gogh
Good day! Did you know in what part of the country did the first mass was
celebrated? In what year did the first voyage around the world sailed? Or,
who recorded the fateful circumnavigation of Ferdinand Magellan? If all
your answers are no, take the tour as we go deep with Philippine History to
know the answers and learn more exciting facts.
G E T T I N G S T A R T E D
In this lesson, challenge yourself to:
a. Properly interpret on the primary sources through examining the content
and context of the document “A Brief Summary of the First Voyage
Around the World by Magellan by Antonio Pigafetta; and
b. Display learned history through primary sources.
T A K E T H E C H A L L E N G E !
A C T I V I T Y
Instructions: Read the sentences and fill the blanks with the missing
words that you’ve found on the word puzzle below. (Words might be
hidden horizontally, vertically and diagonally.)
1. Ferdinand ____________ landed in the Philippines in 1521.
2. An Italian nobleman named Antonio ______________ accompanied
him in his fateful circumnavigation of the world.
3. ______________ is a long boat full of people in Mazzava/Mazaua.
4. The Chief of Mactan during Magellan’s arrival was
________________.
5. On March 16, 1521, Ferdinand Magellan arrived in the island of
____________.
FIND THE MISSING WORDS!
TIME FRAME
W D G K K F V D V D X F R G D
K Y M R G H D N G T O H N H S
P I G A F E T T A F H F H K L
V B N M G Y J K O P F B F H L
Q A Z X S E W E D C V S F R T
Y H N M J U L A P U L A P U P
Z X C V B N M A A S D M F G H
P O I U Y T R E N WQ A S D F
B A L N G A Y H J K L R P L N
A N A L Y S I S
Hello student! Answer the following questions:
1. What is the reason and purpose of the voyage?
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2. What were the most important ‘virtues’ that Magellan showed? Why?
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3. Explain the principle of “No records, no documents; no history”.
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4. Enumerate the kinds of primary sources. Which one of these is created for large
students and was distributed widely?
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A B S T R A C T I O N
This book was taken from the
sixteenth-century chronicles of
contemporary travelers and navigators.
One of them was Antonio Pigafetta, an
Italian nobleman, who accompanied
Ferdinand Magellan on his tragic world
circumnavigation. Travelogue of Pigafetta
is one of the most important primary
sources in precolonial Philippines research.
His account was also a significant
reference to the events leading to the
arrival of Magellan in the Philippines. The
First Voyage around the World by
Magellan was published after Pigafetta
returned to Italy.
In Pigaffeta’s account, their fleet
reached what he called the Landrones
Islands or the “Islands of the Thieves”.
The Landrones Islands is presently known
as the Marianas Islands. Pigafetta
recounted after 2 days, March 18, nine
men came to them and showed joy and
eagerness in seeing them. He detailed in
amazement and fascination the palm
tree which bore fruits called cocho, and
wine. He also described what seemed like
a coconut.
Pigafetta described the people as
"very familiar and friendly," and happily
showed them different islands and island
names. The fleet headed to Humunu
Island (Homonhon) and found what
Pigafetta called the "Watering Place of
Good Signs" there. "It was at this location
that Pigaffeta wrote they discovered the
island's first signs of gold. In Mazzava /
Mazaua, Pigafetta recounted that they
saw two ballanghai (balangay), a long
boat full of men. The chief, sent his men to
Magellan 's ship. Magellan refused when
the balangay king offered to give
Magellan a bar of gold and a chest of
ginger. Magellan sent the interpreter
explain that he was coming to the islands
as a friend and not as an enemy.
After a couple of days Magellan was
introduced to the brother of the King who
was also a ruler of another country.
Pigafetta described this King as the most
beautiful of all the men he saw here. He
was dressed like a silver sword with silk and
gold rings, which he carried in a wooden
polished sheath with him. This king was
named Raia Calambu, king of Zuluan and
Calagan (Butuan and Caragua), and the
first king was Raia Siagu. On March 31st,
which happened to be Easter Sunday,
Magellan ordered the chaplain to preside a
Mass by the shore. The king heard of this
plan and sent two dead pigs and attended
the Mass with the other king.
On the 26th of April, Zula, a principal
man from the island of Matan (Mactan)
went to see Magellan and asked him for a
boat full of men so that he would be able to
fight the chief named Silapulapu
(Lapulapu). Such chief, according to Zula,
refused to obey the king and was also
preventing him from doing so. Magellan
offered three boats instead and expressed
his desire to go to Mactan himself to fight
the said chief. Magellan’s forces arrived in
Mactan in daylight. They numbered 49 in
total and the islander of Mactan were
estimated to number 1,500. The battle
began.
Magellan died in that battle. The
natives, perceiving that the bodies of the
enemies were protected with armors,
aimed for their legs instead. Magellan was
pierced with a poisoned arrow in his right
leg.
A P P L I C A T I O N
QUIZ TIME!
1. Which of the following events
did not happen when Magellan
went to Cebu?
a. Magellan fought with
Lapulapu.
b. The Cebuanos were baptized
as Catholics.
c. Magellan offered a statue of
the Sto. Niño as a gift.
d. Raja Humabon welcomed
Magellan.
2. Why did Magellan go to
Mactan?
a. He wanted to visit the place.
b. He wanted to baptize the
people to the Catholic faith.
c. He wanted to build a church.
d. He wanted to buy spices.
3. Magellan lost the favor of the king
of the Portugal when he became
involved in a political
______________.
a. entanglement
b. discussion
c. negotiation
d. Intrigue
4. How was Ferdinand Magellan
killed?
a. He died of old age
b. By a poison arrow
c. He drowned
d. He was bored to death
5. What major accomplishment was
Ferdinand Magellan responsible for?
a. Completing the first voyage
around the world
b. Taking over the spice islands
c. Wiping out the Native American
population
d. Becoming king of England
2LESSON T h e K K K a n d
t h e “ K a r t i l y a
n g K a t i p u n a n ”“If you hear a voice within you say ‘you
cannot paint’, then by all means paint,
and that voice will be silenced.”
- Vincent Van Gogh
Hello! Did you know that the Philippines was named in honor of King Philip
II of Spain? The people that inhabit this place have very interesting culture
some not forgotten from the old days. How conversant are you with the
great history? Let’s find out!
G E T T I N G S T A R T E D
In this lesson, challenge yourself to:
a. display familiarization with the document, “Kartilya ng Katipunan”; and
the economic/political conditions of the Philippines during the Spanish
period; and
b. develop critical and analytical skills with exposure to primary sources.
T A K E T H E C H A L L E N G E !
A C T I V I T Y
Instructions: Fill the columns with facts of what KKK is and what it is not.
FILL THE COLUMNS!
TIME FRAME
KKK is … KKK is not …
A N A L Y S I S
Hello student! Answer the following questions:
1. What is the difference between the KARTILYA NG KATIPUNAN and the MGA
KATUNGKULANG GAGAWIN NG MGA ANAK NG BAYAN?
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2. What is the purpose of forming the organization, the KATAASTAASAN,
KAGALANGGALANGANG KATIPUNAN NG MGA ANAK NG BAYAN?s
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3. What id the concept of nationalism according to Emilio Jacinto?
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4. Why can the kartilya be considered timeless and relevant to the industrializing
and globalizing present?
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5. As a student?, how will you embody the main teachings and guiding principles of
the Kartilya?
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A B S T R A C T I O N
The Kartilya can be treated as the
Katipunan’s code of conduct. It contains
fourteen rules that instruct the way a
Katipunero should behave, and which
specific values should he uphold. Generally,
the rules stated in the Kartilya can be
classified into two. The first group contains
the rules that will make the member an
upright individual and the second group
contains the rules that will guide the way he
treats his fellow men.
Analysis of the “Kartilya ng Katipunan”
In the contemporary eyes, the Katipunan
can be criticized because of these
provisions. However, one must not forget the
context where the organization was born.
Not even in Europe or in the whole of the
West at that juncture recognized the
problem of gender inequality. Indeed, it can
be argued that Katipunan’s recognition of
women as important partners in the
struggle, as reflected not just in Kartilya but
also in the organizational structure of the
fraternity where a women’s unit was
established, is an endeavor advanced for its
time. Aside from Rizal’s known Letter to the
Women of Malolos, no same effort by the
supposed cosmopolitan Propaganda
Movement was achieved until the
movement’s eventual disintegration in the
latter part of the 1890s.
The Kataastaasan, Kagalanggalangang
Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan (KKK)
or Katipunan is arguably the most
important organization formed in the
Philippine History. While anti-colonial
movements, efforts, and organizations has
already been established centuries prior
to the foundation of the Katipunan, it was
only this organization that envisioned (1) a
united Filipino nation that would revolt
against the Spaniards for (2) the total
independence of the country from Spain.
Previous armed revolts had already
occurred before the foundation of the
Katipunan, but none of them envisioned a
unified Filipino nation revolting against the
colonizers. For example, Diego Silang was
known as an Ilocano who took up his arms
and led one of the longest running revolts
in the country. Silang, however, was
mainly concerned about his locality and
referred to himself as El Rey de Ilocos (The
King of Ilocos). The imagination of the
nation was largely absent in the
aspirations of the local revolts before
Katipunan. On the other hand, the
propaganda movements led by the
ilustrados like Marcelo H. Del Pilar,
Graciano Lopez Jaena, and Jose Rizal did
not envision a total separation of the
Philippines from Spain, but only
demanded equal rights, representation,
and protection from the abuses of the
friars.
A P P L I C A T I O N
QUIZ TIME!
1. Explain the aims of the Katipunan and its code of conduct.
2. Explain the content and provisions of the Kartilya as a reaction and response to certain value systems.
3LESSONR e a d i n g t h e
“ P r o c l a m a t i o n o f
t h e P h i l i p p i n e
I n d e p e n d e n c e ”“If you hear a voice within you say ‘you
cannot paint’, then by all means paint,
and that voice will be silenced.”
- Vincent Van Gogh
Hi! Did you know that the Philippines annually commemorates the
anniversary of the country’s independence? Indeed, such event is a
significant turning point in the history of the country. To know more about
these facts, hop in the time travel capsule and let’s harken back to the
past!
G E T T I N G S T A R T E D
In this lesson, challenge yourself to:
a. display familiarization with the document, Proclamation of the Philippine Independence;
and the economic/political conditions of the Philippines during the Post-Spanish period;
and
b. develop critical and analytical skills with exposure to primary sources.
T A K E T H E C H A L L E N G E !
A C T I V I T Y 1
Instructions: Recognize what symbolizes each color on the
Philippine flag.
COLOR REPRESENT!
TIME FRAME
ANALYSIS
Answer the following questions.
1. Below are some of the rules that can be found in Kartilya:
X. On the thorny path of life, man is the guide of woman and the children,
and if the guide leads to precipice, those whom he guides will also go
there.
XI. Thou must not look upon woman as a mere plaything, but as a faithful
companion who will share with thee the penalties of life; her (physical)
weakness will increase thy interest in her and she will remind thee of the
mother who bore thee and reared thee.
XII. What thou dost not desire done unto thy wife, children, brothers and
sisters, that do not unto the wife, children, brothers and sisters of thy
neighbor. What do these provisions or rules of Kartilya imply?
2. Give a short background on the events that led to the independence of
the country, the Philippines.
A C T I V I T Y 2
Answer the following questions.
QUIZ TIME!
1. When was the Philippine Independence declared?
a. 1896 b.1897 c.1898 d.1899
2. Before declaring independence, the Philippines was a colony of Spain for how
long?
a. 311 years b. 317 years c. 323 years d. 333 years
3. Where was the Philippine independence held?
a. Malolos, Bulacan b. Kawit, Cavite c. Intramuros, Manila d. Minglanilla, Cebu
4. Who is regarded as the mother of the Philippine flag?
a. Gabriela Silang b. Gregoria de Jesus c. Melchora Aquino d. Marcela Agoncillo
5. After 48 years as a colony of the US, independence was granted on which
date?
a. June 4 b. July 4 c. June 12 d. July 12
A B S T R A C T I O N
Every year, the country commemorates the
anniversary of the Philippine Independence
proclaimed on 12 June 1898, in the province of
Cavite. Indeed, such event is a significant turning
point in the history of the country because it
signaled the end of the 333 years of Spanish
colonization’s. There have been numerous studies
done on the event’s leading to the independence
of the country but very few students had the
chance to read the actual document of the
declaration. This is in spite of the historical
importance of the document and the details that
the document in hindsight is telling of the kind of
government that was created under Aguinaldo,
and the forthcoming hand of the United States of
America in the next few years of the newly
created republic. The declaration was a short
2,000-word document, which summarized the
reason behind the revolution against Spain, the
war for independence, and the future of the new
republic under Emilio Aguinaldo.
The proclamation commenced with a
characterization of the conditions in the Philippines
during the Spanish colonial period. The document
specifically mentioned abuses and inequalities in
the colony. The declaration says:
“…taking into considerations, that their inhabitants
being already weary of bearing the ominous yoke
of Spanish domination, on account of the arbitrary
arrests and harsh treatment practiced by the Civil
Guard to the extent of causing death with the
connivance and even with the express orders of
their commanders, who sometimes went to the
extreme of ordering the shooting of prisoners under
the pretext that they were attempting to escape,
in violation of the provisions of the Regulations of
their Corps, which abuses were unpunished and
on account of the unjust deportations, especially
those decreed by General Blanco, of eminent
personages and of high social position, at the
instigation of the Archbishop and friars interested in
keeping them out of the way for their own selfish
and avaricious purpose, deportations which are
.
quickly brought about by a method of proceduremore execrable than that of the Inquisition andwhich every civilized nation rejects on account of adecision being rendered without a hearing of thepersons accused.”
The above passage demonstrates thejustifications behind the revolution against Spain.Specifically cited are the abuse by the CivilGuards and the unlawful shooting of prisonerswhom they alleged as attempting to escape. Thepassage also condemns the unequal protectionof the law between the Filipino people and the“eminent personages.” Moreover, the linementions the avarice and greed of the clergy likethe friars and the Archbishop himself. Lastly, thepassage also condemns what they saw as theunjust deportation and rendering of otherdecision without proper hearing, expected of any
civilized nation.
A P P L I C A T I O N
1. In this lesson, analyze and explain how these historical contexts shaped and continue
to shape people’s perspectives.
2. Integrate evidence from multiple relevant historical sources and interpretations into a
reasoned argument about the reading the “Proclamation of the Philippine
Independence”.
Thank you for
superbly finishing
Lesson 3! Have a
great day!
4LESSONA g l a n c e a t
S e l e c t e d
P h i l i p p i n e
P o l i t i c a l
C a r i c a t u r e i n
A l f r e d M c C o y ’ s
P h i l i p p i n e
C a r t o o n s :
P o l i t i c a l
C a r i c a t u r e o f t h e
A m e r i c a n E r a
( 1 9 0 0 - 1 9 4 1 )
“If you hear a voice within you say ‘you
cannot paint’, then by all means paint,
and that voice will be silenced.”
- Vincent Van Gogh
Hey there! Did you know that Political Cartoons are not made just to make
you laugh but it also portrays a point and/or issue of a particular event?
You can find then in a newspaper but they won’t be in the comics
section. Instead, they’re on the editorial pages! You can make one of
those, too! But before that, proceed first to the next columns so we can
understand more of what caricature/cartoon is.
G E T T I N G S T A R T E D
In this lesson, challenge yourself to:
1. display familiarization with the document, “Political Caricature of the
American Era”; and the economic/political conditions of the Philippines
during the Spanish period; and
2. develop critical and analytical skills with exposure to primary sources.
T A K E T H E C H A L L E N G E !
A C T I V I T Y 1
Instructions: Pick one of the following
selected political cartoons/caricatures. Site
and give opinion on what political issue that
cartoon is all about.
TIME FRAME
A N A L Y S I S
Hello student! Answer the following questions:
1. Did you find the cartoons persuasive? Why or why not?
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2. Why is it that the Editorial Cartoon during the American Era was focused on
Political Caricature?
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A B S T R A C T I O N
Political cartoons and caricature are a
rather recent art form, which veered
away from the classical art by
exaggerating human features and poking
fun at its subjects. Such art genre and
technique became a part of the print
media as a form of social and political
commentary, which usually targets
persons of power and authority. Cartoons
became an effective tool of publicizing
opinions through heavy use of symbolism,
which is different from a verbose written
editorial and opinion pieces.
In his book Philippine Cartoons: Political
Caricature of the American Era (1900-
1941), Alfred McCoy, together with
Alfredo Roces, compiled political cartoons
published in newspaper dailies and
periodicals in the aforementioned time
period.
The Independent on May 20,1961. The cartoon shows a politicianfrom Tondo, named Dr. Santos,passing his crown to his brother-in-
law, Dr. Barcelona. A Filipino guy (asdepicted wearing salakot andbarong tagalog) was trying to stopSantos, telling the latter to stopgiving Barcelona the crownbecause it is not his to begin with.
The second cartoon was also published
by the Independent on 16 June 1917. This
was drawn by Fernando Amorsolo and
was aimed as a commentary to the
workings of Manila police at that period.
Here, we see a Filipino child who stole a
skinny chicken because he had nothing
to eat. The police officer was relentlessly
pursuing the said child. A man wearing a
salakot, labeled Juan de la Cruz was
grabbing the officer, telling him to leave
the small-time pickpockets and the
thieves and to turn at the great thieves
instead. He was pointing to huge
warehouses containing bulks of rice, milk,
and grocery products.
This fourth cartoon depicts a
cinema. A blown-up police officer was at
the screen saying that couples are not
allowed to neck and make love in the
theater. Two youngsters looked horrified
while an older couple seemed amused.
The third cartoon was a commentary on
the unprecedented cases of colorum
automobiles in the city streets. The
Philippine Free Press published this
commentary when fatal accidents
involving colorum vehicles and taxis
occurred too often already.
The next cartoon was published by the
Independent on 27 November 1915. Here,
we see the caricature of Uncle Sam riding
a chariot pulled by Filipinos wearing
school uniforms. McCoy, in his caption to
the said cartoon, says that this cartoon
was based on an event in 1907 when
William Howard Taft was brought to the
Manila pier riding a chariot pulled by
students of Liceo de Manila.
The last cartoon was published by Lipang
Kalabaw on 24 August 1907.In the picture, we
can see Uncle Sam rationing porridge to the
politicians and members of the Progresista Party
(sometimes known as Federalista Party) while
members of the Nacionalista Party look on and
wait for their turn. This cartoon depicts the
patronage of the Unite States.
5LESSONR e v i s i t i n g
C o r a z o n
A q u i n o ’ s
S p e e c h B e f o r e
t h e U . S .
C o n g r e s s“If you hear a voice within you say ‘you
cannot paint’, then by all means paint,
and that voice will be silenced.”
- Vincent Van Gogh
Hello! Did you know that Corazon “Cory” Aquino was named Time
Magazine’s Woman of the year 1986? She was also the most prominent
figure of the 1986 People Power Revolution, which ended the 20-year rule
of President Ferdinand Marcos. As we go on with the lesson, let us
acquaint with Corazon Aquino’s Speech to know more about what she
did for our country.
G E T T I N G S T A R T E D
In this lesson, challenge yourself to:
1. properly interpret on the primary sources through examining the content
and context of the document in Corazon Aquino’s Speech before the US
Congress; and
2. display learned history through primary sources.
T A K E T H E C H A L L E N G E !
A C T I V I T Y
SPIDER CONCEPT MAP
Instructions: Give facts on important
terms and information that define who
Corazon Aquino is.
TIME FRAME
CORAZON C.
AQUINO
A N A L Y S I S
Hello student! Answer the following questions:
1. How did the former President Corazon C. Aquino view Marcos’ administration?
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________________________________________________________________________________.
2. How did she describe democracy before her presidency?
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A B S T R A C T I O N
Corazon “Cory” Cojuangco Aquino
functioned as the symbol of the
restoration of democracy and the
overthrow of the Marco Dictatorship in
1986. The EDSA People Power, which
installed Cory Aquino in the presidency,
put the Philippines in the international
spotlight for overthrowing a dictator
through peaceful means.
The People Power Revolution of
1986. When former senator Ninoy Aquino
was shot at the Tarmac of the Manila
International Airport on 21 August 1983,
the Marcos regime greatly suffered a crisis
of legitimacy. Protests from different
sectors frequented different areas in the
country. Marcos’s credibility in the
international community also suffered.
Paired with looming economics crisis,
Marcos had to do something to prove to
his allies in the United States that he
remained to be the democratically
anointed leader of the country. He called
for the Snap Election in February 1986,
where Corazon Aquino Cojuangco
Aquino, the widow of the slain senator
was convicted to run against Marcos. The
canvassing was rigged to Marcos’s favor
but the people expressed their protests
against the corrupt and authoritarian
government.
Leading military officials of the regime and
Martial Law orchestrators themselves,
Juan Ponce Enrile and Fidel Ramos,
plotted to take over the presidency, until
civilians heeded the call of then Manila
Archbishop Jaime Cardinal Sin and other
civilian leaders gather in EDSA. The
overwhelming presence of civilians in
EDSA successfully turned a coup into a
civilian demonstration. The thousands of
people who gathered overthrow
Ferdinand Marcos from the presidency
after 21 years.
Cory continued that when Ninoy survived
that first detention, he was then charged
of subversion, murder, and other crimes.
He was tried by a military court, whose
legitimacy Ninoy adamantly questioned.
To solidify his protest, Ninoy decided to do
a hunger strike and fasted for 40 days.
Cory treated this event as the second
time that their family lost Ninoy. She said.
“When that didn’t work, they put him on
trial for subversion, murder and a host of
other crimes before a military commission.
Ninoy challenged its authority and went
on a fast. If he survived it, then he left God
intended him for another fate. We had
lost him again. For nothing would hold him
back from his determination to see his fast
through to the end. He stopped only
when it dawned on him that the
government would keep his body alive
after the fast had destroyed his brain. And
so, with barely any life in his body, he
called of the fast on the 40th day.”
Cory attributed the peaceful EDSA
Revolution to the martyrdom of Ninoy. She
stated that the death of Ninoy sparked
the revolution and the responsibility of
“offering the democratic alternative” had
“fallen on (her) shoulders.” Cory address
introduced to her democratic philosophy,
which claimed she also acquired from
Ninoy. She argued:
“I held fats to Ninoy’s conviction that it
must be by the ways of democracy. I held
out for participation in the 1984 election
the dictatorship called, even if I know it
would be rigged. I was warned by the
lawyers of the opposition, that I ran the
grave risk of legitimizing the foregone
results of elections that were clearly going
to be fraudulent. But I was not fighting for
lawyers but for the people in whose
intelligence, I had implicit faith. By the
exercise of democracy even in a
dictatorship, they would be prepared for
democracy when it came. And then also,
it was the only way I knew by which we
could measure our power even in the
terms dictated by the dictatorship. The
people vindicated me in an election
shamefully marked by government
thuggery and fraud. The opposition swept
the elections, garnering a clear majority of
the votes even if they ended up with
barely a third of the seats in Parliament.
Now I knew our power.”
Cory talked about her miraculous
victory through the people’s struggle and
continued talking about her earliest
initiatives as the president of a restored
democracy. She stated that she intended
to forge and draw reconciliation after a
bloody and polarizing dictatorship. Cory
emphasized the importance of the EDSA
Revolution in terms of being a “limited
revolution that respected the life and
freedom of every Filipino.” She also
boasted of the restoration of a fully
constitutional government whose
constitution gave utmost respect to the Bill
of Rights. She reported to the U.S
Congress:
“Again, as we restore democracy
by the ways of democracy, so we are
completing the constitutional structures of
our new democracy under a constitution
that already gives full respect to the Bill of
Rights. A jealously independent
constitutional commission is completing its
draft which will be submitted later this
year to popular referendum. When it is
approved, there will be elections for both
national and local positions. So, within
about a year from a peaceful but
national upheaval that overturn a
dictatorship, we shall have returned to full
constitutional government.”
Cory ended her speech by thanking
America for serving as home to her family
for what she referred to as the “three
happiest years of our lives together.” She
enjoyed America in building the
Philippines a new home for democracy
and in turning the country as a “shining
testament of our two nations’
commitment to freedom.”
MODULE ASSESSEMENT
TRUE OR FALSE
Instructions: Write true if the statement is true. Otherwise, write false in the space provided.
______1. Non-written documents are not useful as primary sources in conducting historical research.
______2. The assassination of Ninoy Aquino is an important historical event that fueled people’s anger
and condemnation of the dictator Ferdinand Marcos.
______3. Apolinario Mabini penned the “Kartilya ng Katipunan”
______4. Magellan and his fleet received a warm welcome from all of the chieftains and local leaders
in the Philippine Islands.
______5. The Americans radically altered the social structure in the Philippines after they took over from
Spain in terms of socioeconomic equality.
______6. The “Proclamation of Philippine Independence” reflects the social and economic discontent
of the masses about the land ownership and other agrarian issues.
______7. The enmity between Aguinaldo and Bonifacio did not affect how the former’s revolutionary
credited Bonifacio to the beginnings of the Philippine Revolution.
______8. Corazon Aquino did not want to forge alliance with the United States because the latter was
a known important ally of Marcos.
______9. The conservative attitude of the youth toward sexuality did not change since the Spanish
period until the 1930s.
______10. The forces of Magellan were successful I defeating and conquering Lapulapu.
CRITICAL ESSAY
Identify a primary source in Philippine history from the examples provided in this
chapter. Write an essay discussing (1) the importance of the text, (2) the background
of the text’s author, (3) the context of the document, and (4) the text’s contribution
to understanding Philippine history.
MODULE SUMMARY
Hello student! It has been a long journey exploring through this module. Now,
you are about to close this module and learn new lesson as you go on through
this book. Further, I will take this opportunity to wrap up all the lesson we have
learn. These are some important highlights in this module:
▪ Drawing is actually the first step in producing artwork but sometimes, an
artist’s drawing is the finished artwork. It also applies four basic shading
techniques, hatching, crosshatching, blending, stippling.
▪ Painting is the process of applying color to a surface using tools such as a
brush, a painting knife, a roller, or even your fingers. Media of painting can
be either oil-based or water-soluble.
▪ Sculpture is art that is made to occupy space. It uses the media of clay,
glass, plastics, wood, stone and metal. No matter what medium is used, a
sculpture will be one of two types: sculpture in the round or relief
sculpture.
▪ Sculpting techniques involves modeling, carving, casting and assembling.
A combination of these techniques can be applied to producing
sculpture.
▪ Photography is the technique of capturing optical images on light-
sensitive surfaces. The media of photography before were daguerreotype
and wet plate method.
▪ Video is a remarkable development because, unlike film, it does not
require special processing or printing.
REFERENCE