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Page 1: Contents...Contents Foreword Introduction 1 Policy Approach 3 National Environmental Policy Vision & Mission 5 National Environmental Policy Principles 6 (a) Clean environment and
Page 2: Contents...Contents Foreword Introduction 1 Policy Approach 3 National Environmental Policy Vision & Mission 5 National Environmental Policy Principles 6 (a) Clean environment and

Contents

Foreword

Introduction 1

Policy Approach 3

National Environmental Policy Vision

& Mission

5

National Environmental Policy Principles 6

(a) Clean environment and healthy,

functioning ecosystems

6

(b) Sustainable economic and social

development

8

(c) Mainstreaming environmental protection

and management

10

Implementing the National Environmental Policy 13

Page 3: Contents...Contents Foreword Introduction 1 Policy Approach 3 National Environmental Policy Vision & Mission 5 National Environmental Policy Principles 6 (a) Clean environment and

မာတကာ

ဥေယျောဇဉ

နဒါန ၁

မဝါဒချေဉကပပနညလမ ၃

အမျေ သာပတဝနကျေငေရရာမဝါဒ ေရရညေမျောမနချေက

နငရညရယချေက ၅

အမျေ သာပတဝနကျေငေရရာမဝါဒ အေခခခမမျော ၆

(က)သနရငေသာ ပတဝနကျငနင ေကာငမနေသာ

ေဂဟစနစမျာ ၆

(ခ) စပာေရနင လမေရစဉဆကမြပတဖဖဖတတကမ ၈

(ဂ) ပတဝနကျငထနသမေရနင ပတဝနကျင

စမခနခေရက ထညသငေပါငစပြခင ၁၀

အမျေ သာပတဝနကျေငေရရာမဝါဒက အေကာငအထည

ေဖာေဆာငခခင ၁၃

Page 4: Contents...Contents Foreword Introduction 1 Policy Approach 3 National Environmental Policy Vision & Mission 5 National Environmental Policy Principles 6 (a) Clean environment and

Foreword

Our country is going through an historic transformation process, comprising national

reconciliation, democratization and Federal Union Building. Critical to the success of this process is the

protection of the unique environment and valuable resources that underpin the sustainable development of

Myanmar.

The rich biodiversity of our nation, stretching

from the mountains to the plains, and to the coasts, must be protected and husbanded, not merely in the

interests of present economic and political challenges but also with a view to those that will have to be faced by future generations.

Page 5: Contents...Contents Foreword Introduction 1 Policy Approach 3 National Environmental Policy Vision & Mission 5 National Environmental Policy Principles 6 (a) Clean environment and

ြပညေထာငစသမမတ ြမနမာနငငသည အမျ သာ ြပနလည သငြမတေရ၊ ဒမကေရစေဖာေဆာငေရနင ဖကဒရယြပညေထာငစ ထေထာငေရ အပါအဝင သမငတငေစမည ြပြပငေြပာငလမ လပငနစဉမျာက ေဖာေဆာငလျကရပါသည။ ယငလပငနစဉမျာ ေအာငြမငနငရန ြမနမာနငင၏စဉဆကမြပတ ဖဖဖတတကမက အေထာကအပ ြဖစေစသည ေကာငမနသနရငေသာ ပတဝနကျင နင အဖတနသယဇာတအရငအြမစမျာက ထနသမကာကယေရ သည လနစာ အေရကက ပါသည။

ယေန ရငဆငေနကကရသည စပာေရ၊ နငငေရစနေခါမ

မျာက ေအာငြမငေကျာလာနငေရအြပင အနာဂတ မျ ဆကမျာ ကကေတရမည စနေခါမမျာကပါ ထညသငစဉစာကာ ေတာငတန မျာမ ေြမြပနနင ကမရတနမျာအထ ကျနပတနငင၏ ကကယဝ လေသာ ဇဝမျ စမျ ကမျာက ထနသမေစာငေရာကကကရပါမည။

ဥေယျောဇဉ

Page 6: Contents...Contents Foreword Introduction 1 Policy Approach 3 National Environmental Policy Vision & Mission 5 National Environmental Policy Principles 6 (a) Clean environment and

Global climate change, growing international

trade, industrialization and urbanisation all present risks to our environment and natural resources. It is therefore essential that these be managed with care and foresight

to ensure complementarity between our commitment to the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals and the need

to protect our environmental assets.

This new National Environmental Policy provides

long-term, strategic guidance for achieving the sustainable future we want. It requires the

mainstreaming of environmental protection into planning and decision-making at all levels of

government and in all sectors. Its detailed principles respect livelihood needs and development objectives while at the same time recognizing the full value of our

ecosystems and the implications of our changing climate. This Policy ensures that environmental

protection continues to be a central objective in Myanmar’s sustainable development without losing sight

of the importance of a pragmatic approach based on an awareness of the constantly evolving world around us.

The successful implementation of our National Environmental Policy calls for the Government, the

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ကမဘာရာသဥတေြပာငလမ၊ နငငတကာကနသယေရ၊ စကမနင

ဖမြပ တတကြဖစထနလာမမျာက ကျနပတ၏ ပတဝနကျငနင

သဘာဝသယဇာတမျာက ထခကမမျာ ြဖစလာေစနငပါသည။ ၂၀၃၀

စဉဆကမြပတ ဖဖဖတတကေရ ရညမနချက ပနတငမျာဆငရာ

ကတကဝတမျာနင ကျနပတ၏ ပတဝနကျငဆငရာ အရငအနမျာက

ထနသမကာကယရန လအပမမျာအကကာတင အေြမာအြမငရစာ

ဂရြပစမခနခရန မြဖစမေန လအပပါသည။

ဤအမျ သာပတဝနကျငေရရာမဝါဒသည ကျနပတ လလာ

ေတာငတေသာ ေရရညစဉဆကမြပတဖဖဖတတကသည အနာဂတက

ရရနငရန ေရရည မဟာဗျဟာေြမာကလမညနချကမျာက ပပေပမည

ြဖစပါသည။ အစရအဖအဆငဆငနင ကဏဍအသသ၏ စမကနမျာ

ေရဆြခငနင ဆြဖတချကမျာ ချမတြခငတတင ပတဝနကျငထနသမ

ကာကယေရက အဓကလပငနစဉတစခ အေနြဖင ထညသငေပါငစပ

ေဆာငရကရန လအပပါသည။ ဤမဝါဒ၏ အေြခခမမျာသည လမဘဝ

လအပချကမျာနင ဖဖဖတတကေရ ရညရယချကမျာက အေလထာ

သကသ ကျနပတ၏ ေဂဟစနစတနဖမျာနင ရာသဥတေြပာငလမမျာ

ကလည ထညသငစဉစာထာပါသည။ ဤမဝါဒသည ြမနမာနငင၏

ေရရညစဉဆကမြပတ ဖ ဖဖတတကေရလပငနစဉက ေဖာေဆာငရာတင

ကျနပတ၏ပတဝနကျငရ အစဉြဖစပျကေြပာငလေနမမျာက သတမကာ

လကေတကျသညနညလမမျာက မျကြခညမြပတေစဘ ပတဝနကျင

ထနသမကာကယေရက အဓကရညမနချကအြဖစ ဆကလကထာရ

မညြဖစပါသည။

ဤအမျသာ ပတဝနကျငေရရာမဝါဒက ေအာငြမငစာ

အေကာငအထညေဖာနငေရအတက အစရအဖအစညမျာ၊ ပဂဂလက

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private sector and the public to engage in a collective

effort to marshal and nurture our human and physical resources. I am confident that the cooperation and

dedication of all who love and value Myanmar will enable us to attain our goal of a peaceful, prosperous and

beautiful country.

Aung San Suu Kyi

State Counsellor

The Republic of the Union of Myanmar

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ကဏဍနင ြပညသမျာအာလ ကျနပတ၏လစမအာနင သယဇာတ

အရငအြမစမျာ ထနသမေစာငေရာကေရက ဝငဝနကက ပမ

အာထတကကရန တကတနအပပါသည။ ြမနမာနငငက ချစခငတနဖ

ထာသအာလ၏ ပေပါငကကပမအာထတမမျာသည ဖငမချမေသာ၊

သာယာဝေြပာေသာ၊ လပေသာ ြမနမာနငငေတာကက ြဖစထနလာေစေရ

ရညမနချက(ပနတင)က ရရေစနငမညဟ ယကကညပါသည။

ေအာငဆနစကကည

နငငေတာ၏အတငပငခပဂဂလ

ြပညေထာငစသမမတြမနမာနငငေတာ

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National Environmental Policy of Myanmar

1. Myanmar is blessed with diverse ecosystems,

rich biodiversity and bountiful natural resources. The

health of these ecosystems is essential for the country’s

development and the people’s wellbeing, given that all

economic and social sectors depend on its natural

capital. Yet many of our country’s natural resources and

environmental assets are under pressure due to a

number of different causes. Deforestation, mangrove

loss, illegal wildlife trade, unregulated mineral

extraction and environmental quality deterioration are

just some of the ongoing threats to Myanmar’s natural

capital. Without sound environmental governance, rapid

economic development could further exacerbate these

existing environmental problems. As a result of the

opening of the country’s economy, increasing foreign

and domestic investment is contributing to an

intensification of industrial activity and rapid urban

expansion. This brings additional environmental

challenges such as air and water pollution, land

contamination and hazardous waste. Furthermore,

Myanmar is one of the countries most vulnerable to

climate change. Widespread natural disasters caused by

Introduction

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နဒါန

ခမနမာနငင အမျေ သာပတဝနကျေငေရရာမဝါဒ

၁။ ြမနမာနငငသည မတကြပာေသာ ေဂဟစနစမျာ၊ ဇဝမျ စ မျ ကမျာနင သဘာဝသယဇာတမျာေပါကကယဝသည နငငတစနငင ြဖစသည အာေလျာစာ နငင၏စပာဖဖဖေရနင ြပညသမျာ၏ လမဘဝဖဖဖတတကေရအတက စပာေရနင လမေရဆငရာ ကဏဍအသသတင သဘာဝသယဇာတအရငအနမျာအေပါမျာစာ

မခေနရသြဖင ေကာငမနေသာ ေဂဟစနစမျာနင သဘာဝ သယဇာတမျာ ေရရညတညတနငေရသည လနစာအေရကက လ ပါသည။ သရာတင ြမနမာနငင၏ သဘာဝသယဇာတမျာနင ပတဝနကျငတ အေပါဖအာသကေရာကလျကရေသာ အေကကာငရင မျာစာရရာ သစေတာြပနတြခင၊ ဒေရေတာမျာပျကစဆရြခင၊ ေတာရငတရစဆာနနင အပငမျာ တရာမဝင ေရာငဝယေဖာကကာ ြခင၊ အထနအကပမ တငထကသယဇာတ တေဖာြခငနင ေလထ၊ ေရထ၊ ေြမထ စသည ပတဝနကျငအရညအေသမျာ ေလျာကျ လာြခငတမာ ြမနမာနငင၏သဘာဝအရငအနမျာက ဖခမေြခာက ေနေသာ လကရကကေတေနရသည ြပဿနာမျာြဖစပါသည။ ခငမာ

အာေကာငသည ပတဝနကျငဆငရာ စမအပချပမစနစမရဘ စပာေရဖဖဖမ အလျငအြမနရရရန ေဆာငရကြခငသည လကရ ပတဝနကျငဆငရာ ြပဿနာမျာက ပမကကထာလာေစနငပါသည။ နငငေတာ၏ စပာေရ ပငလငလာသညနငအမျ ြပညတင၊ ြပညပ ရငနြမပနမမျာ တတကမျာြပာလာြခငေကကာင စကမလပငန မျာနင ဖမြပတချ မ တ မာ လျငြမနစာ ြမငတကလျကရရာ အကျ ဆက အေနြဖင ေလထ၊ ေရထနင ေြမထညစညမမမျာ၊ ေဘအနတရာယရေသာ စနပစပစစညမျာ စနပစြခငစသည ပတဝနကျငဆငရာစနေခါမမျာ တပာလျကရပါသည။ ထအြပင

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2

extreme weather events and predicted future dramatic

climate change are major challenges for the country’s

economic and social development.

2. The Government of the Republic of the Union of

Myanmar has responded to these challenges by

adopting this new National Environmental Policy with

the aim of mainstreaming environmental considerations

into economic and social development. The Policy will

provide long-term guidance for government

organizations, civil society, the private sector and

development partners on the achievement of

environmental protection and sustainable development

objectives in Myanmar. Along with this Policy, the

Government emphasises the importance of placing

environmental considerations at the centre of efforts to

promote economic and social development, reduce

poverty, mitigate and adapt to climate change, and

minimize natural disaster risks.

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ြမနမာနငငသည ကမဘာတင ရာသဥတေြပာငလမေကကာင အထခက

လယဆ နငင တစနငင ြဖစဖပ ြပငထနလနကေသာ မေလဝသ

အေြခအေနမျာေကကာင သဘာဝေဘအနတရာယမျာ ေနရာအန

ကကေတခရမနင အနာဂတတင ထပမ ြဖစပာနငဖယ ရေကကာင

ခနမနထာသည ရာသဥတေြပာငလမ ြဖစစဉမျာသည စပာ

ဖဖဖမနင လမဘဝဖဖဖမအေပါ အဓကစနေခါမမျာ ြဖစပါသည။

၂။ အဆပါ ပတဝနကျငဆငရာ စနေခါမမျာက ေြဖရငနငရန

ြပညေထာငစသမမတ ြမနမာနငငေတာအစရသည စပာေရနင

လမေရဖဖဖတတကမလပငနမျာ ေဖာေဆာငရာတင ပတဝနကျင

ဆငရာကစစရပမျာက ဟနချကညည ေပါငစပေပနငေရအတက

ခငမာသည ဤအမျ သာပတဝနကျငေရရာ မဝါဒက ချမတသည။

အမျ သာပတဝနကျငေရရာမဝါဒသည အစရဌာနအဖအစညမျာ၊

အရပဖကလမအဖအစညမျာ၊ ပဂဂလကအဖအစညမျာနင ဖဖဖေရ

မတဖကမျာအာ ြမနမာနငင၏ပတဝနကျင ထနသမကာကယေရ

နင စဉဆကမြပတ ဖဖဖတတကေရ ရညမနချကမျာက

အေကာငအထညေဖာ ေဆာငရကရာတင ေရရည အသြပနငမည

လမညနချကမျာ ချမတေပရနြဖစသည။ နငငေတာအစရသည

စပာေရနင လမေရ ဖဖဖတတကေရ၊ ဆငရနမပါမေလျာချေရ၊

ရာသဥတေြပာငလမ ေလျာချေရနင လကေလျာညေထရေစေရ၊

သဘာဝေဘအနတရာယမျာ ေလျာပါေရအတက အာထတကကပမ

ေဆာငရကရာတင ဤမဝါဒနငအည ပတဝနကျငဆငရာကစစရပမျာက

ထညသငေပါငစပြခငသည ပဓာနကျေကကာင အေလအနကထာ

ပါသည။

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3. This Policy builds on Myanmar’s 1994

National Environment Policy and reaffirms its core values:

(a) The wealth of the nation is its people, its cultural heritage, its environment and its

natural resources. (b) It is the responsibility of the State and every

citizen to preserve our natural resources in the interests of present and future

generations. (c) Environmental protection should always be

the primary objective in seeking

development. 4. It also builds on the 1997 Myanmar Agenda 21,

the 2009 National Sustainable Development Strategy. It is grounded in the environmental responsibilities in the

2008 Constitution of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar, and the obligations contained in the 2012

Environmental Conservation Law. It also aligns with, and expands upon, the environmental considerations in the

2015 National Comprehensive Development Plan and the 2018 Myanmar Sustainable Development Plan. The Policy recognises and integrates Myanmar’s

commitments to Multilateral Environmental Agreements, including the 2015 Paris Agreement.

Policy Approach

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မဝါဒချေဉကပပနညလမ

၃။ ဤအမျ သာပတဝနကျငေရရာမဝါဒသည ၁၉၉၄ ခနစ ြမနမာနငင အမျ သာပတဝနကျငေရရာမဝါဒတင ပါရေသာ ေအာကပါ ပငမတနဖမျာက အေြခြပ ေရဆထာပါသည-

(က) နငငတစနငင၏ချမသာကကယဝမသည ယငနငင၏ ြပညသမျာ၊ ယဉေကျမအေမအနစမျာ၊ ပတဝနကျင နင သဘာဝသယဇာတပစစညမျာပင ြဖစသည။

(ခ) ပစစပပနနင အနာဂတ မျ နယဆကမျာ၏အကျ ငာ သဘာဝသယဇာတ ပစစညမျာက ကာကယ ထနသမေရသည နငငေတာနင နငငသာတင၏ တာဝနြဖစသည။

(ဂ) ဖဖဖေရလပငနမျာေဆာငရကရာတင ပတဝနကျင ေရရာ ကာကယေစာငေရာကမက ပဓာနကျေသာ ရညမနချကအြဖစ ထာဝစဉ ထာရရမညြဖစသည။

၄။ ဤမဝါဒသည ၁၉၉၇ ခနစ ြမနမာ ၂၁ ရာစ အစအစဉ၊ ၂၀၀၉

ခနစ အမျ သာစဉဆကမြပတဖဖဖတတကမ မဟာဗျဟာ တက ထပမ အတညြပလျက ၂၀ဝ၈ ခနစ ြပညေထာငစသမမတြမနမာ နငငေတာ ဖစညပအေြခခဥပေဒနင ၂၀၁၂ ခနစ ပတဝနကျင ထနသမေရဥပေဒတင ပါဝငသည ပတဝနကျငဆငရာ ြပဌာနချက မျာအေပါလည အေြခခထာပါသည။ ထအြပင ၂၀၁၅ ခနစ အမျသာဘကစဖဖဖတတကမစမကနနင ၂၀၁၈ ခနစ ြမနမာနငင၏ ေရရညဖဖဖဖပ ဟနချကညေသာ ဖဖဖတတကမ စမကနတတင ပါဝငေသာ ပတဝနကျငဆငရာ ကစစရပမျာက ထပမြဖညစက ထာသကသ ၂၀၁၅ ခနစ ပါရသေဘာတညချက အပါအဝင

အြပညြပညဆငရာ ပတဝနကျငေရရာ သေဘာတညချကမျာတင ပါဝငေသာ ြမနမာနငင၏ ကတကဝတမျာကလည အသအမတြပ ထညသငထာပါသည။

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5. The Government of the Republic of the Union of

Myanmar recognises the fundamental links between

environmental protection, economic and social

development, and poverty alleviation. The principles

outlined in this National Environmental Policy reflect

these linkages. This approach is consistent with the 2030

Agenda for Sustainable Development which includes 17

SDGs to end poverty, fight inequality and injustice, and

tackle climate change by 2030. Putting this Policy into

action will also ensure that Myanmar makes significant

progress in meeting the SDGs.

6. This National Environmental Policy will serve as a

guide in mapping out detailed action plans for

environmental protection and sustainable development,

and set the direction for the on-going implementation

and enhancement of relevant laws and policies. Further

it will establish a foundation for mainstreaming

environmental considerations into decision-making on

economic and social development and activities by:

(a) conceiving a long-term vision for

environmental protection and sustainable

development, supported by key national

environmental policy principles;

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၅။ ြပညေထာငစသမမတ ြမနမာနငငေတာအစရသည ပတဝနကျင ထနသမကာကယေရ၊ စပာေရနင လမေရဖဖဖတတကေရနင ဆငရနမပါမေလျာချေရတအကကာ အေြခခကျသညဆကစပမမျာ

က အသအမတြပသည အာေလျာစာ ဤအမျ သာပတဝနကျင ေရရာမဝါဒပါ အေြခခမမျာသည အဆပါ ဆကစပမမျာက ထငဟပ ေစပါသည။ ဤမဝါဒသည ၂၀၃၀ မတငမဆငရနမပါမပေပျာကေရ၊ သာတညမျေရနင တရာမျတမရေစေရ၊ ရာသဥတေြပာငလမက ေြဖရငေရစသည စဉဆကမြပတဖဖဖတတကေရ ရညမနချက

(၁၇)ရပ ပါဝငသည ၂၀၃၀ ြပညနစ၊ စဉဆကမြပတ ဖဖဖ တတကေရ အစအစဉနငလည ေလျာညပါသည။ ဤအမျ သာ ပတဝနကျငေရရာမဝါဒက လကေတအေကာငအထညေဖာေဆာငရက ြခငအာြဖင ြမနမာနငင၏ စဉဆကမြပတ ဖဖဖတတကေရ ရညမနချကမျာက ြဖညဆညရာ၌လည သသာထငရာေသာ တတကမမျာ ရရနငမညြဖစသည။

၆။ ဤအမျ သာပတဝနကျငေရရာမဝါဒသည ပတဝနကျင ထနသမ ကာကယေရနင စဉဆကမြပတဖဖဖတတကေရ ရရရန ေဆာငရကရမညအေသစတလပငနစဉမျာအတက လမညနြဖစဖပ

ပတဝနကျငနင ဆကနယသည ပမေကာငမနေသာ မဝါဒမျာ၊ ဥပေဒမျာက တြမင အေကာငအထညေဖာေဆာငရာတငလည လမညနချကမျာ ချမတေပသာမညြဖစသည။ ေအာကပါအချက မျာက ေဆာငရကြခငြဖင စပာေရနင လမေရဖဖဖတတကမ လပငနမျာတင ဆြဖတချကမျာချမတရာ၌လည ပတဝနကျင ဆငရာကစစရပမျာက ထညသငစဉစာနငရန အေြခခအတြမစ အြဖစ သတမတထာရပါသည-

(က) ပတဝနကျငထနသမ ကာကယေရနင စဉဆကမြပတ ဖဖဖတတကေရအတက ပတဝနကျငေရရာမဝါဒ

ေရရညေမျာမနချကနင အေြခခမမျာချမတေပြခင၊

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(b) providing a framework for incorporating

environmental protection and sustainable

development into all relevant sectoral

policies; and

(c) setting a basis for enhancing environmental

governance in Myanmar.

National Environmental Policy Vision & Mission

Vision A clean environment, with healthy and functioning

ecosystems, that ensures inclusive development and wellbeing for all people in Myanmar

Mission

To establish national environmental policy principles

for guiding environmental protection and sustainable

development and for mainstreaming environmental

considerations into all policies, laws, regulations,

plans, strategies, programmes and projects

in Myanmar

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ေရရညေမျောမနချေက

မမနမာနငငတင မတငေနထငေနကကသအာလ၏ လေနမဘဝ ဖဖဖတတကေရနင ကျေနမာေ ျောရငေရအတက သနရငေသာ တဝနကျေငနင ေကာငမနေသာ ေဂဟစနစက ထနသမနငရန

အမျေ သာ တဝနကျေငေရရာမဝါဒ ေရရညေမျောမနချေကနငရညရယချေက

(ခ) ပတဝနကျငထနသမကာကယေရနင စဉဆကမြပတ ဖဖဖတတကေရဆငရာ လပေဆာငချကမျာအာ ဆကစပကဏဍမျာ၏ မဝါဒမျာတင ထညသင နငေရအတက မေဘာငတစခကသတမတေပြခင၊

(ဂ) ြမနမာနငငတင ပတဝနကျငဆငရာ စမအပချပမ စနစ တတကေကာငမန လာေစေရအတက အေြခခအတြမစ တညေဆာကေပြခင။

ရညရယချေက

တဝနကျေငထနသမေရနင စဉဆကမမ တဖဖဖေရတအာ လမညနမမ ရနနင

မမနမာနငငရ မဝါဒမျော ၊ ဥ ေဒမျော ၊ စညမျေဉစညကမမျော ၊ စမချေကမျော၊ မဟာဗျေဟာမျော၊ အစအစဉမျောနင စမကနမျောတင

တဝနကျေငဆငရာ ကစစရ မျောက ေ ါငစ ထညသငနငရန အတက အမျေ သာ တဝနကျေငေရရာ အေမခခမမျောချေမတရန

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National Environmental Policy Principles

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7. To pursue this vision, the Government of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar adopts the following

23 National Environmental Policy principles as the guiding framework for achieving: a clean environment

and healthy, functioning ecosystems; sustainable economic and social development; and the

mainstreaming of environmental protection and management:

(a) Clean environment and healthy, functioning

ecosystems

(1) Every person and citizen living in

Myanmar has the right to access a clean and healthy environment, and the duty

to protect the environment.

(2) The complete value of Myanmar’s

environment is recognised and considered – both tangible and intangible values,

including its significant spiritual values, ecological assets and cultural heritage, in addition to its direct benefits for

humanity.

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အမျေ သာ တဝနကျေငေရရာမဝါဒ အေမခခမမျော

၇။ ြပညေထာငစသမမတ ြမနမာနငငေတာ အစရသည

ပတဝနကျငေရရာ မဝါဒေရရညေမျာမနချကက ေဖာေဆာငနငရန

သနရငေသာပတဝနကျငနင ေကာငမနေသာေဂဟစနစမျာရရေရ ၊

စပာေရနင လမေရစဉဆကမြပတ ဖဖဖတတကမရရေရနင

ပတဝနကျငထနသမေရနင ပတဝနကျငစမခနခေရကထညသင

ေပါငစပေရအတက လမညနမေဘာငမျာအြဖစ ေအာကေဖာြပပါ

အမျ သာပတဝနကျငေရရာ အေြခခမ(၂၃)ချကကချမတသည -

(က) သနရငေသာ ပတဝနကျေငနင ေကာငမနေသာ

ေဂဟစနစမျော

(၁) ကျနမာသနရငေသာ ပတဝနကျငက ခစာ

နငခငနင အဆပါပတဝနကျငက ထနသမ

ေစာငေရာကခငတသည ခမနမာနငငအတင

မတငေနထငကကသတငနင နငငသ၊ နငငသာ

တင၏ အခငအေရြဖစသည။

(၂) ပတဝနကျငထမ လသာမျာတကရက ရရ

သညသသာထငရာစာ ေဖာြပနငေသာ အကျ

ေကျဇမျာသာမက ယကကညကကယမနင

စတပငဆငရာ၊ ေဂဟစနစဆငရာတနဖ၊

ယဉေကျမဆငရာ အေမအနစမျာ စသည

အေကာငအထည အေနြဖင မေဖာြပနငေသာ

အကျ ေကျဇမျာကပါ ပတဝနကျေင၏

ပပခပညစေသာ တနဖအခဖစ အသအမတခပ

ထညသငစဉစာရမည။

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(3) Environment and natural resource management will recognise the critical

roles that Myanmar’s natural capital and ecosystem services play in the country’s society and economy.

(4) Myanmar’s ecosystems are to be protected and managed in a sustainable

way in order to maintain their natural functions and resilience, and rich

biodiversity.

(5) Myanmar’s natural resources are to be

protected and managed in integrated and sustainable ways without

diminishing their availability and quality for future generations.

(6) The rights of indigenous people and

ethnic nationalities to their lands, territories, resources and cultural

heritage, and their roles in environmental conservation and natural

resources management, are recognised and protected.

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(၃) ြြနြာနငင၏ သဘာဝ အရငးအနးြျားနင ေဂဟစနစ ဝနေဆာငမမျောသည နငင၏ လမေရနင စပာေရတတင အေရပါသည

ကဏဍမ ပါဝငသညက အသအမတြပ၍ ပတဝနကျငနင သဘာဝသယဇာတစမခနခေရ လပငနမျာကလပေဆာငရမည။

(၄) ေဂဟစနစမျာ၏ သဘာဝအတင အဆငေခပ

ေချောေမစာ လညပတနငမနင ဇဝမျေ စမျေ က ကြယဝြြျားြ ထနးသြးထားန င စေရန အလငာ ြမနမာနငင၏ ေဂဟစနစမျာက ကာကယေစာငေရာက၍ ေရရညတညတေစေသာ နညလမမျာြဖင စမခနခရမည။

(၅) အနာဂတမျေ ဆကသစမျောအတက အရညအေသ စြာငးြနစသာ သဘာဝသယဇာတြျား ရရနငြ ေလျောနညသာေစခခင မရေစရနြမနမာနငင၏ သဘာဝသယဇာတမျာက ကာကယေစာငေရာက

၍ဘကစ ပါဝငသည ေရရညတညတေစေသာ နညလမမျာြဖင စမခနခရမည။

(၆) ဌာေနတငရငသာမျောနင တငရငသာလမျေ စ မျော၏ ေြမယာမျာ၊ ပငနကနယေြမမျာ၊ သယဇာတမျာနင ယဉေကျမ အေမအနစမျာ ဆငရာ အခငအေရမျောအြပင ပတဝနကျင ထနသမေရနင သဘာဝသယဇာတမျာ စမ ခနခမတင ၎ငတ၏အခနကဏဍမျာကလည အသအမတြပ ကာကယေစာငေရာကရမည။

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(7) Environmental service provisioning (including waste management, wastewater treatment, drinking water purification, ambient air and water quality monitoring and management) will be included as necessary parts of infrastructure planning and development for urban and human settlement areas, with resource efficient and zero waste approaches used.

(b) Sustainable economic and social development

(8) Environmental sustainability will always be a central objective in determining Myanmar’s economic and social development strategies, which will prioritise low-carbon and green economy pathways, through responsible investment and partnerships with the private sector and civil society.

(9) Recognising the inextricable link between environment and poverty, environmental considerations must be central to effective people-centred development and serve to guide development strategies so that sustainable and equitable approaches to improved prosperity and living standards are pursued.

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(၇) ဖမြပနင လေနဧရယာမျာအတက အေြခခ အေဆာကအအဆငရာ စမကနမျာ ေရဆ အေကာငအထညေဖာရာတင စနပစပစစညမျာ စမခနခြခင၊ ေရဆသနစငြခင၊ ေသာကသ ေရသနစငြခင၊ ဝနကျငေလထနင ေရထ အရညအေသ ေစာငကကညစစေဆြခငနင စမ ခနခြခငအစရေသာ ပတဝနကျေငဆငရာ ဝနေဆာငမလပငနမျော မရမြဖစပါဝငေစရမည။ အဆပါ စမကနမျာ ေဆာငရကရာတင သယဇာတမျောက အကျေ ရရထေရာကစာ သစ၍ ေလလငမ မရေစေသာ နညလမမျောခဖင ေဆာငရကရမည။

(ခ) စပာေရနငလမေရစဉဆကမခပတဖပဖတတကမ

(၈) ြမနမာနငင၏စပာေရနင လမေရတတကေရ မဟာဗျဟာမျာ ချမတရာတင ပတဝနကျေင ေရရည တညတေစေရက ပဓာနကျေေသာ ရညရယချေကအခဖစ ထာရရမညခဖစပပ ကာဗန ထတလတမနညပါ သည အစမေရာငစပာေရ လမေကကာငမျာက ဦစာေပေရချယ ေဆာငရကရမည။

(၉) ပတဝနကျငနင ဆငရနမပါ မတသည ခထတ မရနငဘ အြပနအလနဆကသယမရေနေကကာင အသအမတြပလျက ပတဝနကျေငဆငရာ ကစစရပမျောက ထညသင စဉစာခခငသည ခပညသဗဟခပဖပဖမ ထေရာကေအာငခမငေရ အတကအချေကအခခာကျေရသာမက ကလြပညစဖပ ေကာငမနသည လေနမအဆငအတနက ရရ ေစေရအတက ေရရညတညတဖပ သာတညမျ ရေသာ ဖဖဖေရ မဟာဗျဟာမျာ ေရဆရာ တင လမညနြဖစသည။

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(10) Sustainable and renewable energy for the needs of people and for economic development in Myanmar will be secured, and utilized efficiently, through the use of existing technology and innovations in the generation, storage, supply and use of energy.

(11) Climate smart approaches to development, including resilience, climate change adaptation and mitigation, and disaster reduction strategies, will be aligned to environmental protection and good natural resource management approaches in the pursuit of low-carbon, sustainable development.

(12) Economic values of environmental services will be recognised and incorporated in development policies so that these values are optimised and maintained to the extent possible.

(13) Pollution and waste is to be avoided and minimised at the source as more cost effective than remediation, enterprises will be encouraged to adopt clean production principles and best practices.

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(၁၀) ခမနမာစပာေရ ဖပဖမနင ခပညသမျော၏ လအပချေကမျော ခဖညဆညေပနငရနအတက စမအငထတလပေရ၊ သေလာငေရ၊ ြဖနြဖေရ နငသစေရတတင လကရနညပညာနင တထင ဆနသစမမျာက အသြပ၍ ေရရညတညတပပ ခပနခပညပမခဖစေသာ စမအငမျောက အကျေ ရရ ထေရာကစာရယ အသချေရမည။

(၁၁) ကာဗနထတလတမေလျာနည ဖပ စဉဆကမြပတ ဖဖဖ တတကေရက ေဖာေဆာငရာတင ရာသဥတ ေြပာငလမဒဏကကကကခနငြခင၊ ရာသဥတ ေြပာငလမ ေလျာချြခငနင လကေလျာညေထ ရေစြခင၊ သဘာဝေဘအနတရာယ ေလျာချြခင စသည ရာသဥတေခပာငလမနင လကေလျော ညေထရသည ဖပဖေရ နညလမမျောက ပတဝနကျငထနသမကာကယေရနင သဘာဝ သယဇာတ စမခနခေရ နညလမေကာငမျာ နငကကညစာေဆာငရကရမည။

(၁၂) ပတဝနကျင ဝနေဆာငမမျာက စပာေရ ဆငရာတနဖမျောအြဖစ အသအမတြပ၍ အဆပါတနဖမျာက အခပညအဝ ရယနငရန ဖဖဖေရ မဝါဒမျာတင ေပါငစပထညသင ေပရမည။

(၁၃) ညစညမမနင စနပစပစစညမျောက စတင ထတလတသည ေနရာ၌ပင ေရာငရာခခငနင ေလျာချြခငသည ြပနလည ကစာြခငထက ကနကျစရတ ပမသကသာေစသည အာေလျာစာ စပာေရလပငနမျာက သနရငသည ထတလပမ နညစဉမျာ(clean production principle)နင အေလအကျငေကာငမျာအာ လကေတကျငသ လာေစရနတကတနအာေပရမည။

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(14) Remediation of past environmental

damage will be prioritised in

development planning and decision-

making to promote green outcomes

and give effect to the polluter pays

principle.

(c) Mainstreaming environmental protection and management

(15) Institutional and legal frameworks for implementing and enforcing

environmental laws and policies will be strengthened through clear definition

of rights and responsibilities, and greater collaboration among different

institutions within the government at all levels, as well as with non-

government stakeholders.

(16) All decisions on policies, plans, projects and activities that could have

environmental impacts will be subject to prior comprehensive assessment of

their potential impacts, applying the precautionary principle, systematic risk

assessment and the mitigation hierarchy.

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၁၀

(၁၄) သဘာဝပတဝနကျငနင သဟဇာတြဖစေစမည အစမေရာငအကျရလဒေကာငမျာ တြမငေရ နင ညစညမေစသ တာဝနယသညမ (polluter pays principle)က ကျငသေရအတက ဖ ဖဖေရ ဆငရာစမကနမျာနင ဆြဖတချကမျာချမတ ရာတင ယခငြဖစပာခသည ပတဝနကျေင ထခကမမျောက ခပနလညကစာနငေရ ဦစာေပ ေဆာငရကရမည။

(ဂ) ပတဝနကျေငထနသမေရနင ပတဝနကျေင စမ ခနခေရက ထညသငေပါငစပခခင

(၁၅) ပတဝနကျေငထနသမေရ ဥပေဒနင ဆကစပ ဥပေဒနင မဝါဒမျော အေကာငအထညေဖာ ကကပမတ ေဆာငရကနငေရအတက အစရ အဖအစညအဆငဆငကကာတငသာမက အစရ မဟတေသာ ဆကစပပတသကသမျာနင ပမ ပေပါငေဆာငရကြခင၊ လပပငခငနင တာဝန ဝတတရာမျာက တကျခငမာစာ သတမတ ကျငသြခငအာြဖင အဖအစညနင ဥပေဒ ေရရာမေဘာငမျာက ပမခငမာအာေကာင ေစရမည။

(၁၆) ကကတငသတထာ ေဆာငရကခခငမ(precautionary principle)၊ ေဘအနတရာယ ကျေေရာကနငမ စနစတကျေဆနစစခခင (systematic risk assessment)နင ထခကမေလျောချေခခင အဆငဆင (mitigation hierarchy) တက အသြပ၍ ပတဝနကျငထခကမ ရနငသည မဝါဒမျာ၊ အစအမမျာ၊ စမကနမျာနင လပငနစဉမျာတင ခဖစပာလာနငေသာ ထခကမမျောက ခပညစစာ ကက တင ဆနစစသသပပပမသာ ဆြဖတချက ချရမည။

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(17) Environmental decision making at all levels will be inclusive, transparent and accountable to relevant stakeholders, with communities and citizens having the right to participate in decision making processes and access information that could affect their lives and property.

(18) Gender equa l i ty and the empowerment of women and girls will be integrated into all aspects of environmental protection and management.

(19) Environmental education, public awareness raising and quality research will be promoted to enhance respect for the country’s environmental values, understanding of environmental challenges, and commitment to environmental conservation and sustainable development.

(20) Environmental governance arrangements will be responsive to peace processes, and arrangements in States and Regions including self-administered areas, recognising that peaceful and just societies, and environmental conservation and sustainable

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၁၁

(၁၇) ရပရာလထအပါအဝင နငငသ နငငသာမျာနင အကျ ဆကစပသမျာအာလသည ၎ငတ၏ လေနမဘဝနင ပငဆငမမျာအေပါ အကျသက ေရာကနငေသာ ပတဝနကျငဆငရာ ဆ ြဖတချက မျာချမတမအဆငဆငတင ပေပါငပါဝငနငခင နင သကဆငရာ သတငအချေကအလကမျော ရရနငခငတ အခပညအဝရေစပပ ပတဝနကျေင ဆငရာဆခဖတချေကမျောသည ပငလငခမငသာမ နင တာဝနခမရေစရမည။

(၁၈) ပတဝနကျင ထနသမကာကယေရနင စမ ခနခေရကစစ အာလတင ကျော/မတနတ ညမျေေရ လပေဆာငချကမျာ၊ အမျ သမမျာ နင မနကေလငယမျာ၏ အခနကဏဍက ြမငတငသည ေဆာငရကချကမျာ ေပါငစပ ထညသငရမည။

(၁၉) နငငရ ပတဝနကျငဆငရာ တနဖမျာက ေလစာမ၊ ပတဝနကျငဆငရာ စနေခါမမျာက သေဘာေပါကနာလညမ၊ ပတဝနကျင ထနသမ ကာကယေရနင စဉဆကမြပတ ဖဖဖတတက ေရက အစဉတစက လပေဆာငလမ စသညတ တတက ြမငမာလာေစရန ရညသန၍ ပတဝနကျေငဆငရာပညာေရ၊ လထအသအခမင ခပနပာေရနင အဆငခမငသေတသနလပငနမျော က တြမငေဆာငရကသာမည။

(၂၀) ဖငမချမ၍ တရာမျတမရေသာ လအဖအစည နင ပတဝနကျငထနသမေရ၊ စဉဆကမြပတ ဖဖဖတတကေရ ကကပမမတသည အချငချင အမသဟြပေနေကကာင အသအမတြပသည အာေလျာစာ ပတဝနကျငဆငရာ စမအပချပမ စနစ အစအစဉမျာသည ပငမချေမေရ လပငနးေဉြျား၊ ြယပငအပချပခငရ စဒသ

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development efforts are mutually beneficial.

(21) Financial sustainabi l i ty of environmental governance will be achieved through the application of the

polluter pays principle and the use of green financial instruments.

(22) International cooperation will be sought to strengthen environmental

conservation and sustainable development in Myanmar, and to

address regional and global challenges, through bilateral and multilateral

agreements, experience sharing and implementation arrangements.

(23) National environmental interests will

be given thorough consideration before signing international and regional

treaties, international investment treaties must recognise Myanmar’s

evolving environmental governance and honour previously ratified

agreements and utilize the most environmentally sustainable methods.

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၁၂

အပါအဝင ေဒသအသသရ အပချေပမ အစအမ မျောနင သဟဇာတခဖစေစရမည။

(၂၁) ညစညမေစသတာဝနယသညမ (polluter pays principle) ၊ အစမေရာငဘဏဍာေရ အစအမ မျာအစရေသာ နညလမမျာ ကျငသြခငြဖင ပတဝနကျငဆငရာ စမအပချပမစနစ အတက ဘဏဍာေရေရရညတညတမ ရေစရမည။

(၂၂) တစကမဘာလနငေဒသတငတင ေတကကေနရေသာ ပတဝနကျငဆငရာ စနေခါမမျာက ကငတယ ေြဖရငရာတငလညေကာင၊ ြမနမာနငင၏ ပတဝနကျင ထနသမေရနင စဉဆကမြပတ ဖဖဖ တတကေရက အာေကာငေစရန လညေကာင နစြပညေထာငနင နငငတကာကကာ သေဘာတစာချပမျာ ချပဆြခင ၊ အေတအကကမျာ ဖလယြခငနင သေဘာတထာေသာ အစအစဉမျာ ကဆကလက အေကာငအထညေဖာြခငြဖင နငငတကာ ပေပါငေဆာငရကမက တြမင ရယမည။

(၂၃) အခပညခပညဆငရာနင ေဒသဆငရာစာချေပမျော ကလကမတမေရထမကပင နငငေတာ၏ ပတဝနကျငဆငရာ အကျ စပာမျာအတက ဘကစ ထညသငစဉစာရမည။ အြပညြပည ဆငရာ ရငန ြမပန မ စာချပမျာသည ြမနမာနငင၏ ေြပာငလတတကေနေသာ ပတဝနကျငဆငရာ စမအပချပမစနစနင ြမနမာနငငက အတညြပ လကမတေရထဖပ ြဖစေသာ အြပညြပညဆငရာ သေဘာတညချက မျာက အသအမတြပကာ ပတဝနကျင အတက အေကာငဆ ြဖစေစမည နညလမ မျာက ကျငသ ေဆာငရကရမည။

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13 8. The Government of the Republic of the Union of

Myanmar is committed to putting this National

Environmental Policy into action through a Strategic

Framework and a series of master plans. The Strategic

Framework applies the National Environmental Policy

principles to priority thematic areas and sectors. It also

provides environmental governance requirements for

effective implementation, including institutional

strengthening, monitoring and enforcement, public

participation, dispute resolution and financing. The

Strategic Framework provides guidance for preparing

master plans for States and Regions and for the priority

thematic areas and sectors. The master plans will

contain specific activities, timeframes, budgets and

performance targets for achieving the Strategic

Framework objectives and, ultimately, the National

Environmental Policy vision.

Implementing the National Environmental Policy

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အမျေ သာ တဝနကျေငေရရာမဝါဒက အေကာငအထညေဖာေဆာငမခင

၁၃

၈။ ြပညေထာငစသမမတြမနမာနငငေတာအစရသည ဤအမျသာ

ပတဝနကျငေရရာ မဝါဒက မဟာဗျဟာမေဘာငနင ပငမစမကနမျာ

ေရဆ၍ အေကာငအထညေဖာ ေဆာငရကသာမညြဖစသည။ မဟာဗျ ဟာ

မေဘာငတင သတမတထာသည ပတဝနကျငဆငရာ ဦစာေပ

နယပယမျာနင ကဏဍမျာတင ပတဝနကျငေရရာမဝါဒပါ အေြခခမ

မျာအာ ထညသင အသချသာမညြဖစသည။ ပတဝနကျငဆငရာ

စမအပချပမစနစ တတက ေကာငမနလာေစရနနင ထေရာကစာ

အေကာငအထညေဖာနငရနအတက အဖအစညခငမာေစြခင၊ စညမျဉ

စညကမဆငရာ အစအမမျာချမတြခင၊ ေစာငကကညစစေဆြခင၊

ဥပေဒနငအည လကနာေဆာငရကေစြခင၊ အမျာြပညသပေပါငပါဝငြခင၊

အြငငပာမမျာ ေြဖရငြခင စသညလပေဆာငချကမျာအြပင အဆပါ

ကစစရပမျာက ေဆာငရကနငရန ဘဏဍာေရစမခနခမစနစမျာကလည

မဟာဗျဟာမေဘာငတင ထညသင ေရဆသာမည ြဖစပါသည။

ပတဝနကျငေရရာ မဟာဗျဟာမေဘာငသည တငေဒသကက ၊ ြပညနယ

အဆင ပငမစမကနမျာ၊ ပတဝနကျငဆငရာ ဦစာေပနယပယမျာနင

ဆကစပကဏဍအလက ပငမစမကနမျာ ေရဆရနအတက လမညန

ြဖစသည။ ယငပငမစမကနမျာတင မဟာဗျ ဟာအရ အေကာငအထညေဖာ

ေဆာငရကမည ရညရယချကမျာ၊ အမျ သာပတဝနကျငေရရာမဝါဒ

ေရရညေမျာမနချကမျာ ရရေစရန အလငာ အေသစတ လပငနမျာ၊

အချနကာလမျာ ၊ ဘဏဍာေင(ခနမနချက)မျာနင အေကာငအထညေဖာမည

လျာထာရညမနချကမျာ ပါဝငမညြဖစသည။

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14

The linkages between the National Environmental Policy, Strategic Framework and Master Plans are depicted in

the following diagram:

၁၄

National Environmental Policy Principles

Sustainable Development Goals

Mission To establish national environment policy principles for guiding environmental protection and sustainable development and for

mainstreaming environmental considerations into all policies, laws, regulations, plans, strategies, programmes and projects in Myanmar

National Environmental Policy

Clean environment and healthy, functioning

ecosystems

Sustainable economic and social development

Mainstreaming environmental protection

and management

National Environmental Strategic Framework

Sector-based

Environmental Master Plan/s

Thematic Area Master Plan/s

National Environmental

Master Plan/s

States and

Regions Environmental Master Plans

Vision A clean environment, with healthy and functioning

ecosystems, that ensures inclusive development and wellbeing for all people in Myanmar

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၁၄

အမျ သာပတဝနကျငေရရာမဝါဒ၊ မဟာဗျဟာမေဘာငနင ပငမ

စမကနမျာ၏ ဆကနယမက ေအာကေဖာြပပါပတင ေဖာြပထာပါသည-

အမျေ သာ တဝနကျေငေရရာမဟာဗျေဟာမေဘာင

အမျေ သာအဆင

တဝနကျေငေရရာ

ငမစမကနမျော

ကဏဍအလက

ငမစမကနမျော

သကဆငရာ နယ ယအလက ငမစမကနမျော

ေဒသအဆင တဝနကျေငေရရာ ငမစမကနမျော

ရညရယချေက

တဝနကျေငထနသမေရနင စဉဆကမမ တဖဖဖေရတအာ လမညနမမ ရနနင

မမနမာနငငရ မဝါဒမျော၊ ဥ ေဒမျော၊ စညမျေဉစညကမမျော၊ စမချေကမျော၊ မဟာဗျေဟာမျော၊ အစအစဉမျောနင စမကနမျောတင တဝနကျေငဆငရာ

ကစစရ မျောက ေ ါငစ ထညသငနငရနအတက အမျေ သာ တဝနကျေငေရရာ အေမခခမမျောချေမတရန

ေရရညေမျောမနချေက မမနမာနငငတင မတငေနထငေနကကသအာလ၏ လေနမဘ၀

ဖဖဖတတကေရနင ကျေနမာေ ျောရငေရအတက သနရငေသာ တ၀နကျေငနင ေကာငမနေသာေဂဟစနစက

ထနသမနငရန

စဉဆကမမ တ ဖဖဖတ တကေရ ရညမနချေကမျော

အမျ းသားပတဝနးကျငရေးောမဝါဒ

တဝနကျေငေရရာမဝါဒ အေမခခမမျော

သနရငေသာ တဝနကျေင နင ေကာငမနေသာ ေဂဟစနစမျော

စ ာေရနငလမေရ စဉဆကမမ တ ဖဖဖတတကမ

တဝနကျေငထနသမေရနင တဝနကျေငစမခနခေရက ထညသငေ ါငစ မခင

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