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National Rainfed Area Authority, Planning Commission, New Delhi

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Contingency Plan for Drought and Flood – 2012

(For the period 1-31 August 2012)

Government of India Planning Commission

National Rainfed Area Authority NASC Complex, New Delhi

www.nraa.gov.in


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CONTENTS

Subject Page No.

A Introduction 2

B Area Coverage Under Kharif Crops 2012 4

C Contingency Plan 6

1 Drinking/Domestic Water Supply 8

2 Livestock Sector 9

3 Forestry Sector 12

4 Prepositioning of Food Stock 14

5 Employment Guarantee 14

6 Regulating Market Sentiments 15

7 Rainfall Deficiencies in Irrigated Areas 15

8 Horticulture, Plantation, Agro-forestry 17

9 Contingency Crop Planning 17

9.1 Required Practices for Already Sown area 18

9.2 Required Practices for area to be Sown, Re-

seeded/replanted

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10 Flood Management Contingency Plan 19

10.1 Post Flood Crop Contingency Plan 20

10.2 Post Flood Livestock Contingency Plan 21

10.3 Aquaculture Contingency Plan 22

11 Compensatory Production Strategies 24

12 Protected Cultivation 26

ANNEXTURE-I Detailed Crop Contingency Plan 27-39


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Government of India

Planning Commission National Rainfed Area Authority

NASC Complex, New Delhi

Contingency Plan for Drought and Flood – 2012 (For the period 1-31 August 2012)

Introduction

Advisory note dated 30.6.2012 and previous contingency plan of 16-31 July has

been updated or revised keeping in view the latest developments of rainfall

scenarios.

About 60% of cultivable area of India is rainfed or unirrigated which is critical in terms

of securities for drinking, domestic and industrial water supply, fodder, feed, food,

farmers distress and farm income. About 80% of horticulture based livelihoods and

100% of forest products are also rainfed. During 1900–2012 or 112 years period,

droughts and floods are among top most natural disasters of India affecting human

population. Deficit rainfall even in the assured irrigated regions has far reaching

implications in terms of surface water supplies, ground water management and

overall production strategies.

Late arrival, slow progress towards north-west and frequent breaks, persistent

deficiency till to date (31.07.2012) are the main characteristics of the 2012 South

West monsoon. Although rainfall deficiency was somewhat made up during second

week of July normal rainfall area had progressed from 10% to 36% and is

stagnating in till the end July. Overall North West India is most deficient (-37%)

followed by South India (-22%), Central India (-18%), East and North East India


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(-10%). As on 30.7.2012. The monsoon arrived on 6th June and after some slow

advance in between, North limit of monsoon covered the last point of Western

Rajasthan, four days in advance i.e. 11th July as compared to normal date of 15th

July. Daily mean rainfall over the country as a whole (Figure 1) indicates that eight

days were above normal, five days were normal and 46 days were below normal.

The rainfall data are point estimates whereas filling up of the 84 monitored reservoirs

are representative of large areas and are more reliable being regionalized estimates.

Status of Storage in Reservoirs:

The current year’s storage as on 26.7.2012 indicates a shortfall of 45 percent of the

last year’s storage and 24 percent of the average of recent past 10 years storage.

There are 34 reservoirs having storage less than 20 percent, 23 reservoirs having

shortfall in storage ranging from 20% to 49% , 16 reservoirs having shortfall of 50 to

69% The reservoirs reporting shortfall in storage up to 70% of the normal storage

are 11. This indicate hydrological draught as on to date

Distress sale of animals has been reported especially from Karnataka and it may

spread to other areas. Some economic mechanism should be put in place to get

proper prices of animals for the farmers or provide some safety nets to avoid distress

sale.

Excessive draw down in ground water, lowering of submersible pump by 3-4 meters,

replacing of low horse power motors with higher horse power motros and excessive

consumption of electricity /diesels oil is being reported from North –West India.

Shortfall in sown area and poor condition of already seeded/planted crop suggest

agricultural drought in Maharashtra, Karnataka, Gujarat and Rajasthan. The assured


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irrigated areas are being afflicted with high cost of pumping ground water and

retrofitting.

Figure 1

Area Coverage under Kharif Crops : As per report of Department of Agriculture and Cooperation the area coverage under different crops is given in Table 1. Table 1. Area Coverage Under Kharif Crops (As on 27.7.2012)

(Area in lakh hectare)

S.No Crops Normal

Area (DES*)

Normal up to 27.7.2012

Area Sown Increase/Decrease over

2012-13

2011-12

Normal up to

27.7.2012

Last Year

2011-12 1 Rice 391.01 199.77 191.06 209.31 -8.71 -18.25

2 Total Coarse Cereals 215.591 160.86 117.48 151.89 -43.38 -34.41

3 Total Pulses 106.47 79.82 62.99 76.63 -16.83 -13.64

4 Total Oilseeds 175.87 134.45 138.33 139.87 3.88 -1.54

5 Sugarcane 47.13 47.03 52.85 50.93 5.82 1.92 6 Cotton 111.81 94.02 97.24 104.48 3.22 -7.24

7 Jute+Mesta (Raw Jute) 9.15 8.22 8.29 8.89 0.07 -0.60

Total Kharif area 1057.03 724.17 668.24 742.00 -55.93 -73.76

· DES: Directorate of Economics and Statistics. MOA


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As compared to previous year there is a shortfall in all cases except sugarcane. If we compare with long term past average (Normal) shortfall is -56% and -74% in comparison to the previous good year of 2011-12.

Ø Rice :The area under Rice is 191.06 lakh ha against 209.31 lakh ha during the corresponding period of last year i.e 2011-12 which is 18.25 lakh ha lower. Higher Area reported in the State of Himachal Pradesh (0.01 lakh ha), J&K(0.17 lakh ha), Punjab (0.80 lakh ha), Rajasthan (0.18 lakh ha),Madhya Pradesh (1.6 lakh ha), and Bihar (0.9 lakh ha). Less area mainly reported in the State of Uttar Pradesh (1.69 lakh ha), Maharashtra (1.91 lakh ha), Orissa (2.35 lakh ha), Assam(1.7 lakh ha),Haryana (0.45 lakh ha),Chhattisgarh (2.9 lakh ha), Gujarat (0.54 lakh ha), Andhra Pradesh (1.61 lakh ha), Karnataka (0.23 lakh ha), Kerala (0.09 lakh ha), Tamil Nadu (0.58 lakh ha), Uttrakhand (0.41 lakh ha), Jharkhand (0.31 lakh ha) and West Bengal (6.99 lakh ha ) but the gap of the less area coverage has been narrowed down. Less area coverage in West Bengal is due to deficient rain by about 27% in the districts of South 24 Pargana, Nadia, Mushridabad, Birbhum, Purulia, Nankura and West Midnapur.

Ø Total Coarse Cereals: The area under Total Coarse Cereal is 117.48 lakh ha against 151.88 lakh ha during the corresponding period of last year which is lower than last year (34.40 lakh ha).

Higher area is reported in the State of Assam (0.10 lakh ha), Bihar (0.23 lakh ha),Himachal Pradesh (0.012 lakh ha),Jharkhand(0.01 lakh ha),J&K (0.005 lakh ha), Tamil Nadu (0.104 lakh ha), Orissa (0.70 lakh ha)and West Bengal (0.08 lakh ha).

Less area is reported in the State of Andhra Pradesh (0.02 lakh ha), Gujarat (0.78 lakh ha), Chhattisgarh (0.49 lakh ha),Haryana (2.26 lakh ha), Karnataka (5.04 lakh ha.),Madhya Pradesh (4.23 lakh ha),Maharashtra (1.92 lakh ha), Punjab (0.12 lakh ha), Rajasthan (19.79 lakh ha) ,Uttar Pradesh (1.38 lakh ha) and Uttrakhand (1.84 lakh ha).

Ø Pulses: The total coverage under pulses so far is 62.99 lakh ha against 76.63 lakh ha last year, which is 13.64 lakh ha less than the area sown during the corresponding period of last year.

Less area is reported in the State of Bihar (0.12 lakh ha),Chhattisgarh (0.63 lakh ha), Gujarat (0.42 lakh ha.) Haryana (0.17 lakh ha) ,Himachal Pradesh (0.13 lakh ha),J&K (0.01 lakh ha), Maharashtra (0.36 lakh ha), Orissa (0.60 lakh ha), Rajasthan (11.32 lakh ha) Tamil Nadu (0.03 lakh ha), Karnataka (1.07 lakh ha.) and Uttrakhand (0.09 lakh ha)


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. Higher area is reported in the States of Jharkhand (0.10 lakh ha.),Madhya Prasdesh (0.53 lakh ha),Uttar Pradesh (0.64 lakh ha) and West Bengal (0.031 lakh ha).

Ø Total Oilseed: The total area under Oilseed is 138.33 lakh ha against 139.87 lakh ha over last year, and thus lower area coverage (1.54 lakh ha) than the last year.

Higher area is reported in the State of Haryana (0.03 lakh ha), J&K (0.03 lakh ha), Chattisgarh (0.22 lakh ha),Madhya Pradesh (3.15 lakh ha), Maharashtra (2.72 lakh ha) , Orissa (0.36 lakh ha) , Uttar Pradesh(1.00) and Uttarakhand (0.06) Less area is reported in the State of Andhra Pradesh (2.61 lakh ha),Bihar (0.002 lakh ha), Gujarat (3.55 lakh ha.), Karnataka (2.07 lakh ha), Tamil Nadu (0.37), Punjab (0.01 lakh ha), Rajasthan (0.67 lakh ha)and West Bengal (0.001 lakh ha).

Ø Sugarcane: In sugarcane the total coverage is 52.85 lakh ha as against 50.93 lakh ha during the corresponding period of last year. Higher area is reported in all Sugarcane growing States except Andhra Pradesh (0.02 lakh ha), Karnataka (0.46 lakh ha), Maharashtra (0.01 lakh ha), Orissa (0.01 lakh ha).

Ø Cotton: In Cotton the total coverage is 97.24 lakh ha as against 104.48 lakh ha during the corresponding period of last year.

Ø Higher area is reported in the State of Andhra Pradesh (1.16 Lakh ha),Maharashtra (1.98 lakh ha.),Orissa (0.05 lakh ha), and Uttar Pradesh (0.08 lakh ha)

Less area is reported in the State of Gujarat (5.97 lakh ha), Madhya Pradesh (0.50 lakh ha), Haryana (0.83 lakh ha) , Karnataka (1.19 lakh ha), Punjab (0.59 lakh ha.) and Rajasthan (1.39 lakh ha.) .

Ø Jute+Mesta: In Jute and Mesta compare to last year marginally less area reported in the country is at 0.60 lakh ha.

Contingency Plans:

Drinking/domestic and industrial water continues to be the highest priority especially

for the service providers The other major issue as on 27.7.2012 is to accord highest

priority of surviving the already sown crops where the farmers have invested in the

preparation of fields, seeds/transplanting, fertilizers etc. At the same time they have


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to plan some contingency measures for the unsown/unplanted and re-sowing of

area. The farmers and the service providers should also put in place some plans for

compensatory production to make up for the losses, if any. One of the approaches

should be to accord highest priority in terms of timely advice and intensive inputs to

enhance productivity in the normal, excessive rainfall regions and

germinated/planted crops. In case the deficiency persists, one has to plan sowing or

re-sowing of short duration pulses, oilseeds and fodders depending upon the

availability of remaining length of growing period. The other alternative is to

ultimately concentrate on alternative seasons of late/normal boro rice, rabi Arhar,

rabi Sorghum, winter maize, spring maize, spring groundnut, short duration crops of

toria, urd, moong, fodder crops, etc. in the designated agro-ecologies. Droughts

and post flood management of livestock, horticulture, forests, fishery, aquaculture

and domestic supply of water is also called upon.

As on 27.7.2012, rainfall deficiency is maximum in the otherwise irrigated and

intensively cultivating states of Punjab, Haryana, western UP, etc. Cuts in hydro

power generation and release of water have already been imposed in certain

reservoirs. Canal irrigation schedules may be re-designed, conveyance system

maintained and alternative efficient methods of irrigating in ridges and furrows

system, use of most efficient sprinklers, drippers etc. should be emphasized. The

same holds good for the ground water irrigation with the tube wells, dug wells, farm

ponds etc. There is also an option of conveying especially tube wells water through

pipes to further improve system efficiency. In case of tube wells/bore wells irrigated

areas, energy (electricity and diesel) is the most critical input to sustain normal

productivity. A 3 to 4 meter decline in draw down of tubewell and retrofitting with

additional pipe and horse power by of motors has been reported from North-West


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region. It is also likely that there may be excessive depletion of the ground water

and its re-charging during high rainfall events in the current year and subsequent

years should also be put in place to restore back excessive depletion of ground

water. Some of the important features of the contingency plan as on 12.7.2012 are

given below:-

1. Drinking/Domestic Water Supply

I. Maintenance and servicing of water storage structures, hand pumps,

bore wells, tube wells, conveyance system and water tankers, setting

up of new water storage structures at strategic locations and linkages

with the road/railway transport is called upon. Additional hand pumps,

bore wells and dug wells including their deepening may be invested.

Further supply logistics at household level may be planned. In desert

area camal driven tankers are most effective in last point deliveries.

II. As on 26.7.2012 there is 24% shortfall as compared to past 10 year

average and 45% shortfall compared to last year water storage in 84

major reservoirs. Similar is likely to be true of other water bodies. It is

fairly indicative of overall limited supply in the country. States may

identify and requisition sources of water supply exclusively for drinking

or domestic purposes for lifting/filling tankers from irrigation projects

and tapping of ground water resources wherever feasible.

III. Deepening of dried up wells, digging new wells and drilling of new hand

pumps/tube wells may be taken up on priority for domestic water

supply wherever technically feasible.


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2. Livestock Sector

I. A loss of body weight up to 20% in cattle/buffalo, 30 to 40% in

sheep/goat/camel could be sustained during drought situation. Body

weight loss beyond this becomes critical for survival. Loss in animal

fertility is generally set right in 3-4 years only.

II. Fodder and feed supply is possibly next to drinking water for supporting

livestock based livelihood especially in Maharashtra, Karnataka

Saurashtra, Western Rajasthan etc. . Karbi (dried stalks) of sorghum,

maize and bajra, wheat bhusa, paddy straw, chafs of groundnut,

soybean, chana (chick peas) and masoor (lentil) chaf etc. are

traditionally known fodder sources. However, bajra sorghum (Jowar) is

being replaced by cotton, Soybean etc in Maharashtra and is going to

create fodder crisies. Setting up of fodder and feed depots at strategic

locations, availability/sources of fodder, collection arrangements,

densifying, bailing and transport logistics both by the roads and

railways are needed. to respond to contingency in chronicle deficit

states/regions mentioned earlier..

III. Procurement of the bailing and block making machines for efficient

transport of densified fodder supply, repairing and servicing of the

already existing machines, maintenance and servicing of feed mills,

procurement of raw material for feed mills, etc. are called upon.

IV. Migration of animals out of the fodder/feed/water scarce areas is

normally resisted or discouraged by the neighbouring States to avoid

spread of diseases and infections. Entry points of the traditional and

alternative migration routes should be identified and vaccination of


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animals organised so as to ensure health safe and regulated

movement of livestock from one region to another for survival.

V. List of Gaushalas and their capacities should be ascertained, their

managers informed and financial assistance assured for setting up

fodder/feed banks and livestock camps at short notice. Sites for

additional temporary cattle camps may be identified. Milching animal

herders should preferably be delivered fodders, feeds etc. at village or

household level.

VI. Non-milching and scrub animals should be preferably maintained at

cattle camps/gaushalas.

VII. In sugarcane growing areas like Maharashtra, sugarcane tops and dry

sugarcane leaves can be transported to deficit areas and effectively

utilized for feeding livestock.

VIII. If deficit is very serious, sugarcane baggase and press mud may be

treated and transported to deficit areas for supplementary fodder and

feed.

IX. Mineral supplement through Urea Mineral Molasses Block (UMMB)

needs to be offered to animals for preventing loss of fertility in case of

prolonged drought. These blocks can be easily transported over long

distances.

X. For utilizing residues of crops which are normally not fed to livestock,

the practice of Total Mixed Ration (TMR) should be propagated. Such


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non-conventional feed material can be incorporated in TMR to the

extent of 10 – 15%l.

XI. Early mornings and late evenings feeding to be followed.

XII. Availability of drinking water for animals to be ensured. In places of

acute water scarcity, providing drinking water on alternate days could

also be followed.

XIII. As the sowing of main rabi fodder crops will start in October-November,

each crop of maize, bajra, sorghum, cowpea, bajra + cowpea, maize +

cowpea and toria may be taken up after light showers during August

September.

XIV. Rapeseed and mustard, Chinese cabbage, gobhi sarson and maize

may be sown in September for fodder purpose wherever feasible.

These crops will be harvested by November to facilitate the sowing of

rabi cereals.

XV. The nearby canal command areas could be utilized for growing fodder

crops, like oats, barley, kasni and lucern etc. and farmers compensated

for their income losses, if any, due to diversification into fodder

cutivation.

XVI. Dual purpose crops like barley (varieties RD 2715, RD 2035, RD 2522

and BH 75) may be sown in October. One cutting may be taken for

fodder at 50-60 days after sowing and subsequent regenerated crop

left for grain production.


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XVII. Partially damaged wheat grains may be diverted for feeding to save the

productive animals provided they are non toxic. However, substandard

wheat having very high aflatoxin content should be avoided as the

same may result in abortion in pregnant animals.

XVIII. Wherever possible, vegetable/fruit wastes could be utilized for feeding

livestock. Since they have high moisture content, it may be sun-dried

and transported to deficit areas.

3. Forestry Sector

I. In-situ conservation of rainfall in fringe forest and wasted land to

maintain or even improve productivity of grasses, shrubs, fodder trees

and non-timber forest produce (NTMP) especially for tribal and other

forest dwellers may be undertaken.

II. Re-seeding of drought tolerant grasses like Cenchrus ciliaris, C.

setigerus, Lasirius sindicus, etc can improve forestand waste land

productivity

III. Land titles of around 1.74 million ha forest land has been allotted to

4.66 million tribals and other forest dwellers under the aegis of FRA

2006. The allotted land as well as the land allottees are likely to be

affected the most by the drought. Soil and moisture conservation

practices, rain water harvesting and availability of seeds of drought

tolerant crops and varieties may be ensured. Additionally, farmers may

be encouraged to plant non timber forest products (NTFP) oriented

species along field bunds in order to supplement and ensure regular

income to land allottees.


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IV. Chances of fires in forests and elsewhere increase with rainfall deficit. It

destroys bio-diversity and burns protective cover of litter on the ground

leading to high run-off and soil erosion during subsequent rainfall

events. Fire lines should be maintained or created wherever non-

existent. Similar precautions are required to be taken for other fire

hazards.

V. Plantation of fodder trees, shrubs and grasses as rehabilitation option

on degraded forest lands in drought prone areas may be invested as a

long term strategy. Re-seeding of indigenous grasses and inclusion of

leguminous components such as Stylosanthes sp, Sirato sp, etc. and

plantation of top fodder drought tolerant trees and shrubs (e.g. Prosopis

cineraria, Hardwickia binnata, Albizia sp., Zizyphus numularia,

Azadirachta indica, Ailanthus excels, Acacia nilotica, Acacia

auriculiformis, Acacia catechu, Colospermum mopane, etc.) can

improve productivity of grasslands,grazing lands and pasture lands in

the drought prone areas. The less productive grasses may be replaced

with recently developed more productive and drought tolerant varieties

of Cenchrus ciliaris, C. setigerus, Lasirius sindicus, etc.

VI. Farmers may be encouraged to plant fast growing drought tolerant

fodder trees and shrubs (e.g. spineless Opuntia sp., Acacia sp., Grewia

optia, etc.) and perennial Napier grass along agriculture bunds in

drought prone areas in an agro-forestry system. This will not only yield

surplus fodder during prolonged dry spell but will also protect crop from

wild animal predation. The State Forest Department may assume the


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role of supplying quality of planting material via a network of high tech

fodder species nurseries and seed centres.

VII. The concept of forest farming on pilot basis may be introduced which is

in conformity to the National Forest Policy 1988. In this strategy, the

forests are developed in such a way that they have multiple layers of

annual and/or perennial herbaceous vegetation in the lower storey and

perennial woody plants in the middle and upper storey. Generally, the

upper canopy consists of tall timber oriented trees whereas the middle

canopy comprises of fruit and nut trees and non woody medicinal

buses and herbaceous medicinal plants are grown in the lower canopy.

Like cropping or farming it diversify and lowers vulnerability.

4. Pre-positioning of food stock

Against buffer stock norms of 35 million tonns, about 85 million tonns i.e. 2.4

times of food grain stocks of rice and wheat are available due to record

production of 257 MT of food grains in the year 2011-12. However irrigated areas

of North West are afflicted by the maximum rain deficit, they are the major

contributors to buffer stock and shall be able to maintain production if sufficient

energy is provided. Inspite of that prices of rice and wheat are shooting up due to

very strange market sentiments. In order to meet the contingency, sufficient stock

should be moved and released into the PDS or marketing. This will reduce

pressure on the railways and road transport which might have to be utilized for

moving out fodder and drinking water.

5. Employment guarantee

Hon’ble Minister of Rural Development has already sent a letter to the States

and assured sufficient funds for providing employment under Mahatma Gandhi

National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) to cope with the

drought. The Act also envisages that while providing employment, durable and

productive assets have to be created. It is therefore necessary that a shelf of


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required number of projects focussed on rainwater management, maintenance

of canal irrigation and rain harvesting in forest/waste land should be pre-

planned

6. Regulating Market Sentiments

Trade in the food grains is very sensitive to the rainfall anomalies. Ideally there

are sufficient and dedicated stocks of rice and wheat and their consumer prices

should not increase. However the psychology of trade is generally to take

undue advantage of weather anomalies. Most of the recent analysis show that

inflation in the food is primarily due to fresh vegetable, fruits and milk. It is

therefore necessary that protected cultivation of vegetable and logistics of their

transport from normal or excessive rainfall areas to the deficient areas should

be arranged to minimize inflation. Investment for aggregation. Grading,

packaging, processing and efficient marketing for perishable food commodities

have been neglected in the past. Same is true for creating safe and scientific

storage of relatively less perishable cereals. Large scale public and private

investment are called upon. Anti horder measures and release of food stock

through public distribution system (PDS) and open market may be

operationalised.

7. Rainfall Deficiencies in the Irrigated Area:

Drought in both in canal and groundwater irrigated regions generates

different kinds of implications and require specific responses as follow:

I. Availability of the water in the reservoirs is deficient by 24% of normal

as on 27.7.2012. Hydro power generation and release of water for

irrigation, domestic and industrial purpose has already been curtailed in

North West. Most efficient use of water is an important way to force

challenges of shortfall. Conveyance and distribution system should be

repaired, efficient methods of irrigation may be employed and

appropriate roasters for the canal irrigation re-designed.


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II. Ground water irrigation would require un-interrupted supply of

electricity and diesel and recharging of excessively exploited ground

water subsequently.

III. Efficiency of water lifting devices and distribution system should be

optimized to reduce demand on energy. It consists of maintenance,

greasing, repairs and servicing of electric motors, engines, pumping

sets, tractors and other machinery.

IV. Most productive ground water irrigation is more amenable for adopting

efficient system of ridges and furrows, piped conveyance of irrigation

water ,fertigation through sprinklers, drippers, etc.

V. Ground water re-charging helps in maintaining and augmenting water

repositories to meet futuristic demands and should be given the highest

priority. Fringe forest area should be targeted for treatment to augment

re-charging and water availability in down-stream agricultural lands.

VI. Practices of in situ rain water conservation and safe re-charging of

ground water should extend to arable, non-arable, forest land and roof

tops.

VII. Conjunctive use of poor quality, good quality and treated sewage water

can also alleviate shortfall and distress.

VIII. Desilting of farm ponds, tanks and check dams may be accorded high

priority to restore and improve their storage capacity.

IX. Digging of new ponds and dugwells especially under employment

Guarantee (MGNREGA) may provide one or two critical irrigations and


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minimize productivity losses if there are intermittent breaks of

monsoon or early withdrawal of terminal rainfall being predicted by

some of the forecasters.

8. Horticulture, Plantations, Agro-forestry

I. In horticulture and tree based production system , in-situ moisture

conservation, creating micro water harvesting catchments to direct

surface flow into tree basins , strengthening of basins around tree

trunks, trenching and Jalkunda (water storage) may be ensured to tide

over moisture stress. Micro-irrigation and fertigation may be adopted

for efficient use of limited available/harvested rainwater.

II. In tea, coffee, rubber and other plantations and perennial crops, in situ

soil moisture conservation by trenching, contour or field bunding, gully

plugging, loose boulder check dams, wire crate structures, etc. may be

taken up for minimizng the impact of deficient rainfall.

9. Contingency Crop Planning There are four broad scenario of the rainfall

anomaly consisting of (i) delayed onset, (ii) early/right onset but sudden breaks

in between, (iii) early/delayed withdrawal of monsoon, and (iv) other

permutation and combinations of (i) to (iii). A separate contingency plan for

various scenario of rainfall deficiency is called upon. The major consideration

consists of alternative crops/varieties of different duration, availability of the

seeds of alternative choices, alternative/special agronomic practices,

diversification etc. Highest priority should be given to already sown or invested

areas to reduce distress of the farmers. Second priority may be accorded to

unsown or re-seeding or re-planting area.


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Around 1.74 million ha forest land has been allotted under the aegis of FRA

2006 to the tribals and other forest dwellers which is mainly rainfed and is

likely to be afflicted the most. Soil and moisture conservation practices,

rainwater harvesting, availability of seeds of drought resistant varieties and

extension services in local languages may be ensured. Non-timber forest

product (NTFPs) based livelihood options may also be encouraged so as to

ensure alternate income avenues as one of the safety net against crop and

income failure.

9.1 Required Practices for Already Sown Crops

i. In-situ moisture conservation to safeguard the standing crop from moisture

stress.

ii. Avoid applying fertilizer till sufficient soil moisture is available.

iii. Mulching with crop residue or thin plastic sheets if the water stress continues.

iv. Weeding and intercultural operations to minimize the loss of moisture due to

competition and capillary action.

v. Thinning operations in crops like Sesame, Bajra, Jowar and other crops for

appropriate crop stand.

vi. Raising nursery of crops in which transplanting is easily possible for filling the

gaps such as jowar, Bajra, rice etc.

vii. Conserving the water in ponds and earmarking for use of life saving irrigation

in critical stages of the crops.

viii. Use of sprinkler and pipe conveyance of water to economize the use of

available water in ponds.

ix. Dibbling of seeds of Arhar and other suitable crops with other already sown

crops in case there are serious gaps in plant population for intercropping.

x. Field bunding and trenching to conserve available water.

xi. Trenching to avoid water logging in case of occurrence of heavy rains.

xii. Temporary water logging after rains in fine textured deep black soils should

be relieved. Bed seeding and planting should be preferred under such

situations.


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9.2 Required practices for area to be sown, re-seeded/re-planting:

Contingency plan attempts to match remaining available length of growing

period determined by actual rainfall and soil profile characteristics etc. at any

point of time with duration of crop/variety growth period. A lot of variability in

the maturity period of crops and varieties exist. Root system of the

crop/variety is an important determinant of stress tolerance like that of moth

beans cultivated in Rajasthan. Details of Contingency plan matrices are given

in Annexure-I

10. Flood Management Contingency Plan

In India about 42.8 Million hectare area is flood prone and on an average 10-

12 Million hectare is affected every year causing a range of miseries. Floods, soil

erosion and high suspended sediments in river water are the major problems in the

plains of Assam. Out of 7.8 MHA geographical area of Assam state, about 40% (3.16

MHA) is flood prone and on an average about 12% (0.9 MHA) is affected every year.

Many a times there could be 2-5 occurrences of flood in a year. In the current year of

2012 floods came very early in the districts of Karimganj in April, Lakhimpur in May

and subsequently spread to other districts in early June. Most devastating phase

was observed on 24th June, 2012 due to excessive rains between 20-27 June in the

China part of the Bramhaputra catchment and Arunachal Pradesh in India. In fact

water level in the tributaries originating from Bhutan and Arunachal Pradesh crossed

danger mark on 21st June which reached Assam on 24th June. River’s water level in

the Barak valley of Assam also flowed above the danger mark during this period.

This affected 0.935 MHA (12%) geographical and 0.27 MHA (9.6%) of net sown area

in Assam, 105 lives were lost, 4540 villages were inundated and in all nearly 2.3


20

million population was affected. The flood intensity was unprecedented during the

past sixty years and led to the death of even swampy wild life like Rhinoceros, Gaur

etc., river embankments were breached at 43 places, 27 landslides led to severe soil

erosion and very high concentration of suspended sediments in flood water.

Landslides also caused 16 deaths of human beings bringing the total number of

deaths due to floods and slides to 121. It also affected 0.27 million ha of crop land

(9.6% of the net sown area). Excessive rainfall in 2012 was also witnessed in the

sub-Himalayan and Gangetic West Bengal. Bihar witnesses frequent floods both due

to high rainfall in Nepal as well as within India. Odisha coast also gets flooded due to

heavy rainfall in the catchments.

The animals and human beings moved to un-flooded raised roads,

embankments, mounds and other nearby elevated places. The uppermost need was

to ensure protection against diseases, unsafe drinking water (Assam water is rich in

iron which causes digestive problems), clothing and food till the displaced families

were re-settled. The same was true for the health of livestock and supply of safe

fodder/feed to the animals. Safe disposal of dead animal and wild life carcases was

essential to prevent spread of diseases and epidemics. Damages and insurance

claims should be settled expeditiously to rehabilitate the affected families. Damage

to infrastructure should be re-stored to ensure quick rehabilitation.

10.1 Post Flood Crop Contingency Plan:

Ø Adopt direct seeding of extra early duration rice varieties (75-80 days) like Turanta dhan and Prabhat in midlands.

Ø Take up transplanting of photosensitive and deep-water rice varieties in rainfed lowlands. Extra or extended water submergence varieties are available.

Ø Adopt double transplanting of rice (Kharuan) of long duration or photosensitive rice varieties.


21

Ø Plant short duration pulse crops like urd, moong, arhar, kulthi in mid and uplands.

Ø Plant short duration oil seeds crop like Toria.

Ø Grow vegetables like cucurbits, bhindi, brinjal, tomato etc.

Ø Grow maize, cow peas, sorghum hybrid napier, etc. for fodder.

Ø In case of weakening of monsoon rainfall beyond 31st August, cultivation of kulthi, toria, sarson, sunflower, gram, early potato, winter maize, etc. may be taken up.

Ø The Assam State is known for the highest productivity of winter maize and boro rice. All out efforts should be made right from now to position every input and advisory for deriving maximum benefit of the boro rice and winter maize cultivation. Shallow tube wells may be installed and designed in such a way that bores can be capped before next time floods, if any. The latest varieties available in Assam are mentioned in Annexure-I, S.No.3

Ø Adoption of aquaculture practices to utilise the left over water after floods in low lying areas.

Ø The Assam State is endowed with 78 % un-utilized good quality ground water resources. Installing of additional bore-wells especially in the shallow water table area for boro cultivation may be considered to cover the maximum area under pre-Rabi and Rabi season cropping.

Ø All government bore-wells and minor irrigation schemes may be reviewed so as to ensure their full operation for managing the contingencies.

Ø Critical review of RGGVY scheme may be made and completion of the pending works ensured to supply electricity at an early date. Irrigation efficiency could be enhanced with simultaneous application of adequate fertilizer.

10.2. Post flood Livestock Contingency Plan:

Ø The acute feed and fodder shortage due to loss of standing crop and damage to stored fodder need to be addressed comprehensively.

Ø Higher incidence of diseases like Haemorrhagic Septicaemia (HS) and Enterotoxaemia (ET) in cattle and buffalo and PPR in Sheep are likely to occur. Suitable vaccination programme to be put in place.

Ø Severe worm infestation due to muddy water and non-availability of clean and safe drinking water. Large scale de-worming need to be carried out.

Ø Lots of grasses are available in the state and could be considered to supplement fodder and feed.


22

10.3 Aquaculture Contingency Plan:

(I) Fish Culture: Traditionally flood frequented population of Eastern India eat fish

with rice as their staple food. Eastern Region has about 2.73 million ha total

water area consisting of reservoirs, ponds, and tanks, lakes, brackishwater etc.

besides 15046 km length of rivers and canals for fisheries production. However,

this region is supplied fish and meat by Andhra Pradesh with far less rainfall

than Assam. Rainy season is normally a fish breeding period and

harvesting/capturing of the fish during monsoon is even banned. Limited

flushing of the eco system during rains is essential. However, when the flood

intensity is high as in case of Assam this year, it damages natural breeding

habitats, flushes down fingerling due to high velocity of water, silt load,

dissolved obnoxious gases and reduced oxygen concentration. It may enrich

Sunderban wet lands downstream and exotic invasive species or predators may

invade upstream. Auto or self spawning is also affected adversely in semi-

intensive or intensively cultured ponds. It may damage aquaculture

infrastructure and requires time and re-investment to restore.

In Assam, there are about 10,000 hectares of semi-intensive ponds and

50% are feared to be damaged in the recent floods. In order to restore fish

productivity, artificial re-seeding or ranching of water bodies during the post

flood period is desirable. This region gets fish seed (fingerling) from West

Bengal and induced breeding of brooders is called upon preferably in the

private or private-public partnership. If the flood comes late in the season, the

growing period after re-seeding also gets reduced. In that case short duration

varieties of fish like Labeo batta, Puntius sarana should be re-seeded.


23

However, there have to be dedicated arrangements for artificial production of

the seeds of alternative varieties.

In case of semi-intensive and intensive culture, better management would

be called upon to make up loss in the normal growing period. Fishes can be

cultivated in paddy fields either simultaneously or in rotation. Paddy fields of any

size can be utilized for this, subject to availability of adequate water in time and

space. Paddy farmers are advised to grow fish in rice fields, which will help them

to use the available water in the fields, generating additional income. Both

freshwater and saline fields can be utilized for this. The species suitable for

freshwater paddy fields are Catla ( Catla catla ), Rohu (Labeo rohita ), Mrigal

(Cirrhinus mrigala), Bata ( Labeo bata ), Java punti ( Puntius javanicus ),

Silvercarp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and giant freshwater prawn

(Macrobrachium rosenbergii ). Sea bass (Lates calcarifer), Mullets (Liza parsia, L.

tade, and Mugil cephalus), Catfish (Mystus gulio) and Tiger prawn (Penaeus

monodon) can be cultured in fields with saline waters. Fish production @ 500-800

kg/ha from freshwater paddy fields and 400 -1500 kg/ha from saline water paddy

fields can be expected in six months. Ponds and other refuses may be

constructed so that fishes may move into refuses to tide over long dry spell.

(II) Makhana and Singhara (Water chest nut): In the post flood period, the

extent of natural water bodies increases and provide additional opportunities

to cultivate commercial aquatic crops like Makhana, Singhara (water chest

nut), etc. for improving income and employment of the communities. Shallow

water bodies can also be designed by digging for cultivation of Makhana.


24

11. Compensatory production strategies

(I.) Deficiency in the production of one season or a region can be

compensated by focussing on the next season or other region of

normal rainfall to make up for the shortfall. This would require intensive

deployment of necessary inputs i.e. seed, fertilizers, extension services

and credits on priority basis.

(II.) Alternative off season crops like boro rice, rabi arhar, pre-winter, winter

maize, summer or spring crops, inter or relay cropping, etc. have

tremendous possibilities to compensate loss of production due to

deficient rainfall or floods in the main season. Productivity of risk free

pre-monsoon season crops in Assam and elsewhere is nearly double

than the main sali (Kharif) season crops. However, it requires dedicated

irrigation arrangement and proper marketing. Utilization of ground water

is most attractive in Assam since its investment per ha and gestation

period is far less as compared to canal irrigation. Ground water

utilization in Assam has already increased from 13% in 2004 to 22% in

2009 and 78% is still unutilized. Appropriate inputs may be organized.

Removal of weeds and inter culturing will bring down competition for

water or nutrients and mulching will conserve soil moisture.

(III) Oil seeds, pulses and short duration cereals being more tolerant to the

rainfall scarcity and having short duration for alternative seasons could

play a significant role for preventing loss in production and reduce their

imports.


25

(IV) Availability of fodder in rain deficient or flooded regions is a serious

consequence. Under severe conditions sugarcane and grain crops

could be used as fodder. Cultivation of fodder under irrigated

conditions and its transport to scarcity zones can also be planned.

Requirement of seeds of fodder crops may be assessed and made

available to farmers.

(V) In strategic areas, community nursery of crops like rice may be helpful

in case of delayed or re-transplanting.

(VI) About 22 to 78% of replenishable ground water is unutilized in Assam

and other different States of India. These areas are best bet of

investments for compensatory production on long term basis. However,

lack of rural electrification and consolidation of fragmented holdings are

major impediments. Some alternative via medium of users’ groups or

franchises could be considered.

(VII) Promotion of alternative micro-enterprising, income and employment

generation activities can also be strategized to compensate livelihood

losses.

(VIII) States should be geared up for using information from modern tools

like remote sensing, GPS and GIS together with weather station data

to settle timely insurance claims and provide immediate relief against

risk of rainfall deficiencies and floods.


26

12. Protected Cultivation

I. Vegetables shortage is the major factor of inflation in food. Cultivation

in net/shaded/poly houses provide protection against rainfall deficits,

insects, pests, diseases and 5-10 fold higher productivity, high quality,

off season production and very high prices. It also saves water and

fertilizers in the range of 30-60% and generates employment over

extended period. It can also contain inflation in green vegetables, etc.


27

ANNEXTURE-I Detailed Crop Contingency Plan for the period 1st -31st , August 2012 for different regions of the country

S.No IMD Sub-Division Suitable Varieties and Agronomic Practices 1 Andman and Nicobar

Island Actual Rainfall is close to normal and there is hardly any need of contingency plan

2. Arunanchal Pradesh

Suitable Varieties/Hybrids Ø Rice: Luit, Kapilee, Kalong & Disang, Pankaj, Kushal, Lakhimi, Andrewsali Monoharsali,

Prafulla, Gitsh and available local cultivars like Salpona, Mala and Baas ,Luit & Disang(as direct seeded)

Agronomic Practices: Ø Direct seeding of Sali rice on puddled soil with sprouted seeds. Ø Tranplanting with 60 days old seedling upto the end of August with Monoharsali, Prafulla, Gitsh Ø In upland and medium land where rice could not be taken, grow Urd and moong upto August. Ø Grow vegetable crops on upland, Ø Grow maize, sorghum for fodder Ø Direct seeding with Luit, Kapilee etc. Ø Adopt Weed management through hoeing and intercultural operations Ø Follow light ploughing for moisture conservation. Ø Providing partial shade to Ginger and turmeric by planting Arahar/Dhaincha as intercrop.

3 Assam and

Meghalaya Suitable Varieties/Hybrids (Severe floods) Ø Adopt varieties of rice like Gitesh and Prafulla for staggered planting with 40-60 days old

seedlings. Ø Adopt short duration varieties like Luit, Kapilee for direct seeding Ø Adopt submergence resistant rice varieties like Jalashree and jalkunwari Ø Grow pre rabi arhar varieties like 20(B), sharad Ø Soybean varieties BNS-5 can be planted post flood period in uplands. Agronomic Practices: Ø Remove weeds and adopt intercultural operations Ø Grow tall varieties of maize (African tall) for fodder Ø Prepare land for sowing of toria


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4 Nagaland, Manipur,

Mezoram , Taripura

Suitable Varieties/Hybrids Ø Rice: Luit, Kapilee, Kalong & Disang, Pankaj, Kushal, Lakhimi, Andrewsali Monoharsali,

Prafulla, Gitsh and available local cultivars like Salpona, Mala and Baas ,Luit & Disang(as direct seeded)

Ø Agronomic Practices: Ø Direct seeding of Sali rice on puddled soil with sprouted seeds. Ø Tranplanting with 60 days old seedling upto the end of August with Monoharsali, Prafulla, Gitsh Ø In upland and medium land where rice could not be taken, grow Urd and moong upto August e Ø Grow vegetable crops on upland, Ø Grow maize, sorghum for fodder Ø Direct seeding of rice varieties i.e. Luit, Kapilee . Ø Adopt Weed management Ø Follow light ploughing for moisture conservation. Ø Providing partial shade to Ginger and turmeric by planting Arahar/Dhaincha as intercrop.

5. SHWB and Sikkim

Agronomic Practices: (Excessive to normal rainfall) Ø Continue transplanting of rice up to middle of August Ø Direct seeding of short duration varieties of rice Ø Plant til on uplands Ø Remove weeds and adopt intercultural practices Ø Prepare land for toria

6 Gangetic WB

Agronomical Practices : Ø Do gap filling in rice through transplanting Ø Adopt weeding and hoeing for removing weeds Ø Adopt trenching to avoid water logging Ø Sowing and transplanting of vegetable crops Ø Prepare land for toria Ø Grow fodder sorghum (MP-Chari and Pusa Chari-1) & maize (African tall)


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7 Orissa

Suitable Varieties/Hybrids/Agronomic Practices: Ø In medium land adopt Lalat, Surendra, Konark varieties of rice and in In low lands

Swarna, Pratikshya, Ø Paddy (Jogesh , Khandagiri, Naveen, Surendra, Pooja) - Ø Low Lying flood prone areas: (Pooja, Tulasi,Indrabati, Upahar, Varsadhan, Swarna Sub-1) Ø Grow f crops like Moong: PDM-54,OBGG-52,TARM-2) Ø Urd: Use varieties like PU-30,PU-19, PU-35 Ø Sesame: Grow varieties like Uma ,Prachi, Nirmala

Agronomic Practices: Ø Complete hoeing and weeding of non-paddy crops to provide mulch. Ø Withhold N fertilizer application till receipt of rainfall. Ø Transplant seedlings of rice up to 45 days old. Ø Grow African tall variety of maize for fodder

8 Jharkhand

Suitable Varieties/Hybrids Ø Transplanting of rice seedlings in low lands with higher plant population. Ø Grow rabi Arhar with varieties pusa-9, and Bahar in upland plain areas Ø Grow short duration varieties of niger, kulthi, Urd, maize in up & mid lands. Ø Grow vegetables like Cowpea and radish.

Agronomic Practices Ø Adopt intercultural practices and remove weeds Ø Do gap filling in rice to improve plant population through transplantation . Ø Intercropping of Urd and Moong with Arhar and Rice

9 Bihar

Suitable Varieties/Hybrids Ø Rice seedling upto 40 days age of medium and 50 days old for long duration HYV rice

varieties may be transplanted @40 hills/m2 Ø In rainfed low lands transplanting of photosensitive rice varieties. Ø Early to extra early duration rice varieties through direct seeding. For this drum seeders can

be used for direct sowing of sprouted seeds Ø In uplands grow urd (Navin and T9) as catch crop


30

Ø Plant Moong (T44, PDM 44), on upland as catch crop Ø Plant Arhar (Bahar, Pusa 9 and Narendra Arhar 1), as pre rabi crop after 15th August Ø Kulthi (DV 7, BR 5, BR 10, S67/26, 14, 31) and Mishrikund (Local) Ø Transplant vegetables like brinjal, tomato, chillies etc in upland

Agronomic Practices Ø Grow maize (African tall) & sorghum (MP-Chari and Pusa Chari-1) for fodder intercrop with

Urd. Ø Remove weeds and adopt hoeing practices. Ø Make suitable trenches for avoiding water logging Ø Do gap filling in rice to improve plant population. Ø Prepare land for toria for sowing by end of August

10 Eastern U.P.

Suitable Varieties/Hybrids Ø Adopt short duration rice varieties with old seedling and/or direct seeding (NDR-80, NDR

97, NDR-118). Ø Plant Moong, Urd (T-9,Naveen), Arhar (Sharad, Pusa-9, Bahar), sesame, in vacant fields Ø Grow Short duration varieties of maize & Jowar Ø Grow maize (African tall) & sorghum (MP-Chari and Pusa Chari-1) far fodder where rice

transplanting not possible. Ø In the last week of August plant rabi Arhar varieties like Bahar, Pusa-9 etc. Ø Transplant sweet potato in mid August and adopt intercropping with arhar

Agronomic Practices Ø Adopt intercultural practices/hoeing/weeding to avoid loss of moisture and nutrients due to

competition. Ø Practice gap filling in crops to improve plant population wherever possible. Ø Grow short duration bajra, jowar, chari crops for fodder


31

Ø Prepare fields for toria sowing

11 Western UP Suitable Varieties/Hybrids

Ø Early duration rice like Saket-4, Govind, Ashwani, , ND-118 & ND- 97 may be transplanted Ø Plant Bajra, guar and cowpea as grain and fodder crop. Ø Plant moong (Pant-1, Samrat), Urd (Pant U-35, U-19, T-9) as catch crops Ø Where pear lmillet, fails, take clusterbean, moong and cowpea. Ø In the vacant fields Toria varieties such as PT-30, Bhawani etc may be planted in the last

week of August

Agronomic Practices Ø Adopt direct seeding of rice and complete transplanting of rice Ø Adopt cultural practices / hoeing to remove weeds to avoid losses of moisture. Ø Use ridge and furrow system of sowing in case of heavy rains Ø Do transplanting for gap filling where ever possible Ø Grow maize & pearl millet for fodder

12 Uttarakhand

Agronomical Practices: Ø Increase area under basmati varieties as the rain is delayed Ø Grow short duration verities of Urd, moong, ramdana, rajmash Ø Grow vegetable seeds for preparation of seedlings Ø Adopt weeding and hoeing for removal of weeds Ø Grow jowar and maize intercropped with urd as a fodder crop Ø Plant moong as catch crop

13 Haryana, Chandigarh & Delhi

Suitable Varieties/ Agronomic Practices Ø Increase area under basmati since the rains are delayed. Ø Grow bajra varieties HSB-67 & HSB-64 Ø Complete sowing of Gwar in the first week of August


32

Ø Grow short duration varieties of toria Ø Adopt intercropping of Bajra + Moong / Mothbean (Intercropping 8:4/6:3) Ø Adopt intercultural operations and hoeing for removal of weeds .

Grow short duration varieties of Bajra (Pro Agro-1)=, Avika Bajra), chari for fooder

14 Punjab

Agronomic Practices: Ø Avoid excessive irrigation in rice to save water Ø Grow Bajra, guar and maize as fodders. Ø Grow Vegetable type clusterbean and cowpea. Ø Remove weeds to avoid completion with the main crop Ø Grow seedlings of vegetables Ø Prepare land for toria sowing

15 Himachal Pradesh

Agronomic Practices: Ø Sowing of urd, mandua, rajmah, kulthi, peas in unsown area under maize & paddy. Ø Grow vegetables Ø Grow maize & sorghum for fodder Ø Adopt weeding and hoeing to remove weeds.

16 Jammu and

Kashmir

Suitable Varieties/Hybrids/ Agronomic Practices : Ø Avoid excessive irrigation in rice to save water Ø Grow Bajra variety S-503 Ø Grow Cowpea varieties EC 4216, HG-642-1, TYPE- Ø Guar :FS-227, Ageta-III Ø Jowar: UJJAIN, TYPE-4, MP Chari Ø Maize (Fodder) : African Tall, Local cowpea/ guar (fodder) Ø Adopt intercultural practices to remove weeds Ø Grow maize and Jowar intercrop with moong and urd as a fodder

17 Western Rajasthan

Suitable Varieties/Hybrids Ø Although it is quite late for sowing of Bajra but varieties like : RHB-121, GHB-538, GHB-719,

HHB-67, HHB-67 Imp., ICMH-356, Composite: CZP 9802 may be sown up to first week of August


33

Ø Grow Bajra for Fodder :RCB 2, Raj 171 Ø Increase area under Mothbean: RMO 40, RMO 257, RMO-435 Ø Mungbean :RMG 62, SML-668, G-4, RMG-268, RMG-344, RMG- 492 Ø Guar: RGC-936 , RGC- 1002, RGC- 1017, RGC-1038, RGC-1055, RGC-1066, RGM-112

Sesame RT 46, RT-125, RT-127, RT-346 Agronomic Practices : Ø Adopt thinning and weeding to avoid loss of moisture Ø Use mulching to save moisture Ø Grow short duration varieties of bajra for fodder

18 Eastern Rajasthan

Suitable Varieties/Hybrids Ø Cluster bean: cluster bean RGC-936 Ø Bajra: HHB-67, HHB-67 Imp., GHB-538 Ø Maize (fodder): African Tall, Pratap Makka Ø Jowar (Fodder):: Raj Chari-1, Raj Chari-2, Pratap Char-1080, SSG-59-3 Ø Moong: K-851, RMG-62, RMG-268, MUM-2,SML-668, G-4, RMC-2688 & 344, RMO-

40,RMO -435 Ø Sesame: RT – 46, RT – 125, RT-127 Ø Horsegram: AK-21, Pratap Kulthi-1 Ø Cowpea RC-19, RC-101 Ø Guar: RGC-936 , RGC-1002, RGC-1017, RGM-112

Agronomic Practices Ø Increase in seed rate by 10-15% of sesame ,Moong and Urd. Ø Increase seed rate by 20-25% of Horsegram Ø Uprooting of weeds & using them as mulch Ø One hoeing may be done for conserve soil moisture Ø Grow Sorghum and cowpea as fodder. Ø Prepare land for toria

19 Western MP

Suitable Varieties/Hybrids Ø Arhar: JKM 189, TJT 501, RVICPH 2671 (Hy.), ICPL-87, Pusa-33,JA-4, Jkm-7, Asha Ø Safflower JSF 7, JSF73

Agronomic Practices: Ø Sowing of dual purpose Sorghum variety JJ-1022,JJ 1041, for grain and fodder


34

Ø Sowing of short duration varieties of moong and Urd as catch crop with 20% increase seed rate

Ø Grow Bajra and maize as fodder crop Ø Weed control practises to be applied to remove weeds

20 East M.P.

Agronomic Practices Ø Adopt the practices of thinning and weeding Ø Grow maize and Jowar as Fodder Ø Adopt intercultural practices to remove weeds Ø Adopt intercropping of Urd, moong with MP Chari for fodder Ø Prepare land for sowing of toria

21 Gujarat, Suitable Varieties/Hybrids and Agronomic Practices

Ø Grow short duration legume crops like Moong, Urd and Gwar Ø Adopt intercropping of cotton and Groundnut with Arhar. Ø Practice Thinning of already planted crops. Ø Plant Castor crop in mid August Ø

22 Saurashtra, And Kutch

Suitable Varieties/Hybrids Ø Cotton G cot 13, G cot 15, G cot 21,V-797, Ø Sesame: Purva-1 Ø Groundnut: Bunch variety of Groundnut GG-2, GG-5, GG-7 and Ø Castor: GAUCH-1, GCH-6 Ø Urd: T-9, Guj. Udad-1, T-9 Ø Moong: Guj. Mung-4, K-85 Ø Arhar: BDN-2

Agronomic Practices : Ø Keep 45 cm and 60 cm row spacing for bunch and semi spreading groundnut, respectively. Ø Grow Bajra as fodder crop.

23 Konkan & Goa Agronomical Practices : Ø Grow short duration urd, moong and cowpea Ø Adopt intercultural practices for removing weeds


35

Ø Do transplanting for gap filling Ø Grow short duration vegetables

24 Madhya

Maharashtra,

Suitable Varieties/Hybrids Ø Arhar: BDN-708, BDN 711, BSMR 853 Ø Sunflower : Morden, SS-56, LSH-36, Mahyco-17, BSH-1

Agronomic Practices: Ø Intercrop Bajra and Arhar in 3:3 or 4:2 row Ø Open conservation furrow after every 6-8 rows. Ø Adopt closer spacing of 60 X 30 cm for Arhar. Ø Adopt cultural practices to remove weeds. Ø Conserve moisture through intercultural operations

25 Marathwada Agronomic Practices/Varieties

Ø Adopt intercropping of Arhar with cotton and other crops Ø Adopt intercultural practices to remove weeds Ø Adopt closer spacing(60x30 cm)for Arhar. Ø Follow insitu moisture conservation measures

26

Vidarbha .

Suitable Varieties/Hybrids Ø Sunflower (hybrids) , Morden, EC-68414, SS-56, LSH-35 sesame AKT64 Ø Castor: AKC-1, GCH-4, GCH -5, GCH-6 & DCH-117, DCH-32

Agronomic Practices: Ø Adopt closer spacing(60x30 cm)for Arhar. Ø Follow insitu moisture conservation measures Ø Adopt intercropping of Bajra with Arhar (2:1, 4:2)

27 Chattisgarh Suitable Varieties/Hybrids


36

Ø Complete transplanting of rice varieties Ø Niger (IGP-76, GA-10), Kulthi (B.K. 1, A.K. 21 JND-21, VZM -1 VZM -9), Til (JT-21, TC-25),

Sunflower (Modern, Jawamukhi, MFSH-8, MFSH-17) Ø Plant Maize Fodder variety African tall Ø Plant Sorghum Fodder variety MP Chari

Agronomic Practices Ø Remove weeds and adopt hoeing for good crop standAdopt intercultural practices and

remove weeds Ø Do gap filling in rice to improve plant population through transplantation Ø Sow the seeds of vegetables for preparation of seedlings.

28 Coastal Andhra Pradesh

Agronomic Practices Ø Adopt direct seeding of paddy with short duration varieties by following proper weed

management practice Ø Remove weeds and adopt hoeing for good crop stand Ø Use trenches for avoiding water logging Ø Grow short duration maize and jowar for fodder

29 Telangana (AP)

Suitable Varieties/Hybrids Sunflower: Ø Hybrids:MSFH 8, MSFH 17, APSH 11, BSH 1 and popular private hybrids Ø Varieties: Modern: EC 68414 Ø Sesame: Chandana, Swetha Til,Rajeshwari)

Agronomical Practices: Ø Replace moong with Horsegram and Cowpea Ø Arhar can be sown as a sole crop Ø Adopt intercultural practices to remove weeds Ø Give life saving irrigation is water is available


37

30 Rayalaseema (AP)

Suitable Varieties/Hybrids

Ø Plant early maturing castor varieties/hybrids DCH519, Jwala (48-1), Kiran, Kranti , rhar: LRG-30

Ø Grow Urd varieties LBG-17, LBG-20 Ø Grow moong varieties LGG-407, LGG-460 Ø Plant Sunflower (APSH11, KBSH1, SB 275, Sunbred-275

Agronomic Practices: Ø Protect against Shoot fly in Jowar Ø Use higher seed rate (30 % more) in delayed sowing

31 Tamil Nadu and Pondichury

Suitable Varieties/Hybrids Ø Groundnut: VRI 2,TMV 7, ALR 3, TMV 10 Ø Arhar: Co(RG) 7), VBN 3, Ø Urd: Co 5, VBN 1, VBN 2, VBN 3, Ø Jowar: Co 26, Co (S)28, K-7 Ø Maize: CoRH 1, Co 1, Hybrids : COMH 5, Kargil, SPIC Ø Rice: Short duration varieties. ADT 36, 37, 43, ADT (R) 48)

Agronomic Practices: Ø Grow Jowar, Bajra and cowpea as fooder. Ø Adopt thicker sowing of Jowar as fodder or green manure for insitu cultivation Ø Adopt thinning and gap filling the existing crop Ø Plant wherever possible such as in vellore district Ø Intercrop mung and urd in Jowar fodder (Erode dist.) Ø Grow Horse gram (Erode dist.) Ø Intercrop Ground nut with Arhar in 12 :1 ratio (Karur) Ø Adopt SRI method of planting rice


38

32 Coastal Karnataka Suitable Varieties/Agronomic Practices Ø Adopt intercultural practices to remove weeds Ø Grow short duration varieties of jowar and maize as fodder

33 North interior Karnataka

Suitable Varieties/Hybrids Ø Sunflower: KBSH-1, Hybrid Varieties, Ø Castor:JCH-4, DCS-9,DCH-32)

Agronomic Practices: Ø Adopt wider spacing ( 90 x 20 cm) for sunflower Ø Adopt cultural practices to remove weeds.

34 South interior

Karnataka,

Suitable Varieties/Hybrids Ø Finger Millet: JPU-28, PR -202, GPU-28 GPU-26 GPU-48 Ø Arhar:BRG-2 Ø Field bean HA-3 &HA-4 Ø Cowpea: TVX-944, IT-38956-1,

Agronomic Practices: In Finger millet : Ø Dry sowing 8-10 days before rains with 15-20% higher seed rate Ø Nursery-(Medium and short duration ) transplanting Ø Seed hardening-(18 hrs. soaking in water followed by 24 hrs. shade drying Ø Thinning to retain one seedling at 30 cm

35 Kerala Agronomic Practices: Ø Complete transplanting of rice Ø Adopt intercultural practices to remove weeds Ø Adopt short duration varieties of cowpea for green pods and fodder Ø Grow vegetables in uplands


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36 Lakshdeep Agronomic Practices: Normal Rainfall, Adopt recommended practices.

contingency plan for drought and flood – 2012 (for the ...nraa.gov.in/pdf/contingency_plan for...

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