continous emission monitoring: methods, …...en 14181 qal1 - each cem system must have certificate...
TRANSCRIPT
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Continous Emission Monitoring:
Methods, Regulations and QA/QC Anders Arvidsson, Opsis AB, Sweden
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OPSIS is a Swedish company which develops, manufactures
and supplies total solutions for Ambient Air Quality Monitoring, Stack
Emission Monitoring and software tools for Air Quality Management.
Founded 1985
OPSIS is represented world-wide, with internationally accepted and
approved products.
OPSIS?
ISO 17025 • Accredited Calibration laboratory
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AIR QUALITY MONITORING
Street Mobile City
Background Industries Airports
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CONTINUOUS EMISSION MONITORING
Power Waste Incineration Cement
Steel plants Chemical Industries Sulfuric Acid plants Ship Emissions
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Methods Techniques
• In Situ
• Dilution extractive
• Wet-hot extractive
• Dry extractive
• DOAS
• FTIR
• IR absorption
• UV absorption
• Chemiluminescence
• UV-fluorescence
• Gas cell
•and more….
CEM PRODUCTS
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A TYPICAL EXTRACTIVE CEMS
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Dilution extractive
Wet-hot extractive
Dry extractive
+ Ambient type analysers can be used
+ Sample is dry and clean
+ Low initial cost
- Requires correct dilution
- Not suitable for monitoring low concentrations
+ Multigas analysers can be used
- Expensive
- Hot sample requires advanced heating systems
- Sensitive for power failures and high dust loads
+ Low cost NDIR analysers can be used
- Not suitable with high dust loads
- Water removal changes the sample condition
EXTRACTIVE METHODS
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IN-SITU CEMS
Cross Stack Probe Type
+Non-contact measurements
+No sample system
+Cross stack = representative measurements
+Analyser can be installed in cool and dry
environment
-Requires extended platforms
+No sample system
+Partly non-contact measurements
-Probe exposed for flue gas
-Analyser exposed for rain,humidity, sun
radiation etc
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Outlet
(before fan)
Inlet (after fan)
2" Insulated Pipe
(or tube)
Option:
External fanDrainage
Option:
Calibration
Zero AirFan
Insulated Measure
Loop (Opsis part) AC
see drw.
D302792
IN-SITU EXTRACTIVE ?
120 mm
Fast Loop Solution, a combination
of In-Situ and Extractive
+Non-contact measurements
+No Sample filters, No heated
sample lines
+ Easy access to CEM system
sample lines
-Some additional installation costs
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FASTLOOP INSTALLATION
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WHY CONTINOUS EMISSION MONITORING ?
• Regulations (Examples)
o E.U 2001/80/EC (LCPD) ( NOx, SO2, CO )
o US 40 CFR Part 60 / 75
o Emissions trading programs, for example:
oEuropean emission trading scheme (greenhouse
gases)
oAcid rain program (U.S)
o Emission Fees and Taxes
o Local Regulations in Thailand ?
• Cost saving, process applications
( DeSOx,DeNOx, Scrubbers , combustion control)
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EP/FF DeNOx Scrubber
Raw gas measurements ( CO, NOx, NH3, HCl, H2O )
For combustion control and feedback
Emission Monitoring(NOx,SO2,CO, CO2,HCL,HF,Hg…)
To comply with Environmental Regulations
Process control ( NO,NH3,SO2, HCL,H2O)
For cost effective flue gas treatment
APPLICATIONS
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EUROPEAN REGULATION
2001-80-EC ( and others) -Which Industries, Which
pollutants and Limit Values
EN14181- Quality Assurance of CEM systems
EN15267- type approval /eqvivalent methods
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EN 14181
QAL1 - Each CEM system must have certificate from accredited body
(TÜV etc) showing if the CEM system meets the required performance
specifications
QAL2 – Field comparison with accredited testing laboratory/reference
methods ( at installation and then every 5 years)
QAL3- The maintenance requirements and frequency
AST – same as QAL2, but at a smaller scale and every 12 months
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HOW TO BUY A CEM SYSTEM
THAT MEETS YOUR
REQUIREMENTS
(CAN YOU TRUST THE SALES PERSON ? )
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www.qal1.de/en
Excellent Tool for comparing
analyser performance !
TÜV CERTIFICATIONS WEBPAGE
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LIST OF CERTIFIED MANUFACTURERS
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LIST OF GASES
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Parameter Measure-
ment Level
OPSIS SICK Gasmet ABB Limit
SO2 50 mg/m3 4.9% 10.5% 9.4% 10.0% 15%
NO2 20 mg/m3 4.7% 37.1% 57.0% – 15%
NO 131 mg/m3 2.8% 9.5% 6.5% 8.2% 15%
NH3 10 mg/m3 5.0% 6.4% 9.6% – 30%
CO 50 mg/m3 5.4% 8.7% 6.0% 9.8% 7.5%
H2O 30% Vol. 4.0% 5.7% 6.2% 4.2% 7.5%
HCl 10 mg/m3 6.2% 12.2% 12.0% 11.8% 30%
HF 1 mg/m3 18.4% 30.3% 18.4% 63.0% 30%
O2 25% Vol. 4.8% 2.8% 2.4% 2.4% 7.5%
Hgtot 30 mg/m3 7.8% 2.3% – – 30%
CH4 20 mg/m3 5.4% 15.6% – – 22.5%
CO2 30% Vol. 2.3% 6.7% 5.0% – 7.5%
Based on Total Uncertainty
COMPARISON BASED ON TÜV QAL1
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Good performance is important when money is
involved.
– CO2 measurements for tax reasons.
– NO and NO2 measurements for NOx limits and
NOx tax.
– SO2 measurements for ship regulation.
Good performance is important in order to pass
QAL2/AST or RATA
New regulation going towards lower emissions,
requires analysers with better performance
THE IMPORTANCE OF GOOD
PERFORMANCE
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QAL 1 CERTIFICATES
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CALIBRATION INTERVAL CONFIRMED BY
TÜV
Opsis is the only
Manufacturer in the world
that has got 12 months
calibration interval verified
by German TÜV !
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OPSIS DOAS TECHNIQUE
Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy
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OPSIS CEM SOLUTIONS
Cross-Stack In-Situ (~85%) Fast Loop In-Situ (~15%)
Hot/Wet and Dilution Extractive (~5%)
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UV DOAS
For gas compounds
such as :
•Nitrogen Oxides (NO,
NO2)
•Ammonia
•Sulfur Dioxide
•Naphtalene
•Benzene
•Toluene
•Xylenes
•Mercury
•Chlorine
and more…
DOAS= Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy)
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IR DOAS
For gas compounds
such as :
•Hydrogen Chloride
•Carbon Monoxide
•Carbon Dioxide
•Hydrogen Fluoride
•Moisture
•Bromine
•Iodine
•Methane
•Propane
•Ethane
•Hydrogen Sulfide
•Total Hydrocarbons
and more…
DOAS= Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy)
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TDL
TDL = Tuneable Diode Laser)
For gas compounds
such as :
•Hydrogen Chloride
•Carbon Monoxide
•Carbon Dioxide
•Hydrogen Fluoride
•Moisture
•Ammonia
•Oxygen
•Methane
•Hydrogen Sulfide
and more…
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Light source/
Emitter
Purge air Purge air
Receiever
Fibre optic cable
to analyser
Flue gas
EMITTER AND RECEIVER
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MULTI –PATH APPLICATIONS
•Reduced cost
•Reduced maintenance
•Reduced calibrations
•Suitable for DeSOx,DeNox
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INSTALLATION OVERVIEW
DOAS Emitter DOAS Receiver
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INSTALLATION OVERVIEW
DOAS Analysers Analyser shelter
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AR600/650
+/- 15VDC
0-10VDC
0/4-20 mA
0/4-20mA Status
I/O
Ioman Signal Handling System ( Optional)
110/220-240 VAC
CM IM001 OM001 DM016
RS232
LAN
Enviman ComVisioner/Reporter
RS232, Alternative 1 RS232, Alternative 2 +3
RS232 or LAN
Plant DSC/PLC
RS232, Alternative 4 ( Cactus, ABDH, ModBus, Siemens 3964R, Comli)
SIGNAL/COMMUNICATION
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CALIBRATIONS
The DOAS system has very low zero/span drift and is recently approved/certified
by German TÜV for a calibration interval of 12 months
DOAS calibration kit does not require gas calibrators or dilutors, instead,
calibration cells with various length are used together with standard gas
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AUTOMATIC INTERNAL QA/QC
• A number of internal system checks and self calibrations
are done automatically, checking wavelength precison,
spectral errors , etc, and will provide status /alarms if out
of range.
• A number of automatic data validation functions/filters are
available in the analyser for light levels , standard
deviations and signal/noise ratio
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DOAS SYSTEM MAINTENANCE
• Check light levels on daily basis ( automatically with
status signals/alarms)
• Replace lamp every 6 months
• Calibration yearly (or according to local requirements)
• Replace HeNe laser in IR DOAS every 24-36 months
• Replace sweep wheel bearing in UV-DOAs Every 5
years
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HIGHLY QUALIFIED SUPPORT TEAMS
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LOCAL SUPPORT IN THAILAND
• Sithiphorn Associates , Thailand, has been Opsis Distributor
for more than 25 years !
• Sithiphorn has many experienced engineers that has been
trained in Sweden
• Sithiphorn can provide best possible support, maintenance
contracts , calibration services etc
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ENVIMAN SOFTWARE
• Data acquisition
• Data presentation and reports
• Emission inventory setup
• Dispersion modelling
Includes about 30 software modules to be used for....
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ENVIMAN DATA MANAGEMENT SOLUTION
Output/Reports Input from
any type of
station/sourc
e
Server for the
data processing
& distribution
Monitored
Air Quality
Data
Met. Data
Digital
Map Data
/(GIS)
Presentation, reports and
statistical analysis of
monitoring data
Emission simulations
Dispersion calculations
CEMS
Pollution
Data from
industries
LAN/WAN or Internet
DENR
/EMB
Users
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CREATE A DATABASE OF POLLUTION SOURCES
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DISPERSION MODELLING
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NOWCASTING
Real time dispersion
model
Requires real time CEM
data , met data and a
dispersion model.
Validation by installed
AQM station
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• Work remotely over internet / LAN using remote desktop connection
• Work on private or global projects
• Using Microsoft Terminal Server solution
WORK FROM ANYWHERE
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