controls cta

Cleantech Approach’s (CTA) independent research employs a unique mix of technology and financial analysis to identify market-ready, sustainable technologies and strategies. In this report, we provide a detailed look at another technology that offers a tremendous energy saving opportunity for commercial off ices, l ighting controls. In order to help municipalit ies, large property owners, and businesses better understand this opportunity, we offer a detailed review of the potential electricity savings and financial payback resulting from investment in l ighting control solutions, the technologies employed, and the industry players. Introduction

Lighting comprises 20% of commercial buildings’ overall energy expense and 38% of their electricity expense1. In our opinion, the two most impactful, technology-grounded strategies for reducing electricity consumption associated with lighting include: o The deployment of next generation lighting technologies, such as LEDs (see our LED Benchmarking

Report for an analysis of potential cost savings, available at www.cleantechapproach.com/research-publications);

o The deployment of lighting control solutions. A First Step Toward Energy Savings

Should the financial payback periods (discussed later) prove attractive, lighting control solutions are a good “first step” toward reducing energy consumption, as they carry lower technology risk and up-front costs than next-generation lighting technologies. They also enable users to capture immediate energy savings in anticipation of further technological improvements and price declines in next-generation lighting solutions. Furthermore, these solutions should be fully interchangeable with existing bulbs in today's lighting control systems. What Are Lighting Control Solutions?

Lighting control solutions enable businesses to reduce electricity consumption costs associated with their lighting infrastructure. With these solutions, businesses can easily control the behavior of their lighting assets (i.e., when lights turn on/off or how/when lights dim) to eliminate wasted light and excess electricity consumption and precisely meet the requirements of employees functioning within a given environment. In this report, we have chosen to profile lighting control solutions that target corporate office applications, that can be controlled from a centralized software console, and that support a full range of electricity consumption reduction strategies (i.e., lumen maintenance, daylighting, task tuning, occupancy control, scheduling, demand response, and personal control). This centralized control of the entire lighting infrastructure will be necessary in the future, particularly as the “smart grid” gains momentum and businesses enter dynamic relationships with electric

1 US Energy Information Administration Report, “Lighting in Commercial Buildings” Published 4/2009. Total energy sources include electricity, natural gas, fuel oil, and district heat.

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utilities; more specifically, it will be required in order reap the financial benefits associated with adjusting lighting in response to load shedding signals2 and real-time pricing incentives3.

Report Objectives and Organization

This report gives decision-makers perspective into two of the most important factors when considering an investment in lighting controls, payback and solution alternatives:

Part 1: Payback scenario analysis (see pages 3-15) At CTA, we believe that payback (the time required to recoup the initial cost of a solution from resulting savings) is critical when considering the adoption of sustainable technologies. Accordingly, this report uses a proprietary approach to determine the range of potential cost saving opportunities and the resulting payback periods associated with the adoption of lighting control technology.

Part 2: Lighting control vendor profi les (see pages 16-59) Lighting control solutions vendors range from large multinational companies to relatively new startup players with innovative technology. To help our readers better understand the range of solutions and providers, we have included detailed profiles of key lighting control solutions vendors and their respective offerings. Specifically, CTA lays out each vendor’s unique technological approach to providing its lighting control solution. Lighting control solutions vendors (associated brands) profiled include:

• Acuity Brands (Synergy, SensorSwitch, Lighting Control & Design) • Adura Technologies • Cooper Controls • Delmatic • Encelium • EnOcean • Leviton Manufacturing • Lumenergi • Lutron • Philips (Dynalite, Lightolier Controls) • Schneider Electric • Universal Lighting Technologies • WattStopper

I t should be noted that CTA does not recommend vendors or endorse a particular strategy for l ighting controls.

2 In this scenario, utilities send customers signals to dynamically reduce their electricity consumption in response to limited grid capacity; customers receive payments for kWH reduced. 3 In this scenario, owners or customers seek to minimize their energy expenditure by adjusting their consumption in response to a demand-adjusted price per kilowatt-hour throughout the day.

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PART 1: PAYBACK SCENARIO ANALYSIS

How Long Are Payback Periods for Lighting Control Solutions?

Our research examines several critical, financial metrics that should be considered as part of any lighting control purchasing decision: o Cost of the solution: Comprehensive lighting control solutions for commercial spaces,

employing the full suite of potential energy consumption reduction strategies, typically cost $1.00-2.50 per square foot installed.

o Electricity consumption reduction potential: These solutions reduce electricity consumption expenses associated with running lighting networks by 35-55% (in situations where next generation, ultra-high efficiency technologies, such as LEDs, have not been deployed); our analysis on pages 11-15 lays out the assumptions underlying this range of potential reductions.

o Payback period (see table below): Assuming electricity savings only, paybacks on the initial investment in lighting control solutions range generally from 2.7 years (implying 55% electricity savings with a solution that costs $1.00 per sq. ft. installed) to 10.7 years (implying 35% electricity savings with a solution that costs $2.50 per sq. ft. installed).

As payback periods are highly asset specific, a variety of “softer”, more variable cost savings (i.e., more efficient maintenance, network reconfiguration, HVAC cooling) exist. These cost savings can meaningfully reduce payback periods (up to 10%) depending on the asset’s existing cost profile.

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Payback Period Calculation: An Example

To demonstrate how we arrived at our payback period results (summarized above), we have included an example of how we arrived at a single figure in the sensitized range: a 4.5 year payback (derived from 50% electricity savings, resulting from the implementation of a lighting control solution that was priced at $1.50 per sq. ft . installed). Note that for other variable data (marked with asterisks in the example; specifically: average fixture density, tax deductions, and electricity price per kilowatt hour), we provide a sensitivity analysis on page 5.

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The Importance of Our Sensitivity Analysis

To account for customer and asset variability in our analysis, we have employed sensitivities in order to demonstrate a broad range of likely payback scenarios. In addition to the primary price-savings sensitivity analysis (on page 3), we have also elected to provide a full range of sensitivities on payback periods to account for other potential customer variability. The underlying assumption in these sensitivities is that the lighting control solution is priced as $1.50 per sq. ft. installed.

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Lighting Control Strategies to Reduce Electricity Consumption

Our analysis explores five strategies that best-of-breed lighting control solutions employ to yield reductions in electricity consumption: o Lumen maintenance (LM): Lumen depreciation is the loss of light output as a fluorescent

lamp ages. A lumen maintenance strategy addresses this problem by reducing power in response to higher initial lamp lumens, while increasing power as lamps age and phosphors degrade to maintain appropriate light levels.

o Daylighting (DL): Daylighting allows the lighting control solution to adjust lighting levels according to the availability of natural light during the course of the day: the more natural light enters the office space, the less the lighting infrastructure needs to deliver.

o Task Tuning (TT): Task tuning allows the solution to control lighting according to specific task and working environments, optimizing light output where it is needed.

o Occupancy Control (OC): With this strategy, lights are turned off when the solution detects (with occupancy sensors) that there are no longer occupants in a particular room or area. As building occupants move from location to location, the solution dynamically responds to user-traffic patterns, providing light only when and where it is needed.

o Scheduling (SCH): A time scheduling strategy enables lights to be turned on/off at appropriate, predetermined times and locations during workdays, evenings, and weekends.

Although load shedding/demand response 4 and personal control 5 strategies also offer potentially valuable cost-savings opportunities, we decided not to include them in our electricity savings calculations, due to the substantial variability in potential returns. That said, we believe that load shedding/demand response, in particular, is a critical function in next-generation lighting control; this type of control will be required in order for businesses to enter dynamic relationships with electric utilities by adjusting lighting in response to load shedding signals and real-time pricing incentives. Beyond Electricity Cost Savings … Not Included in Our Analysis, But Worth Considering

Beyond electricity consumption savings, lighting control solutions offer incremental operational cost savings opportunities. We view these as “soft” or ancillary cost savings, in that there are many variables in these calculations that vary from customer to customer and asset to asset, regulating cost savings to the asset level and making them difficult to generalize: o Lighting maintenance (lamp replacement): As part of performance monitoring

functionality, the central console detects lamp or ballast failure; this reduces lighting maintenance costs, in that it dramatically speeds detection and replacement. Furthermore, the console can track lamp runtime and starts, allowing managers to project when lamps will need to be replaced in the future.

4 A control strategy that allows lights to dim in response to emergency signals or real-time pricing signals from an electric utility. 5 A control strategy that allows individuals to personalize the amount of dimming they prefer in their local workspace.

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o Network reconfiguration (adds, moves, and changes): Rather than requiring physical reconfiguration of the lighting network, adds, moves, and changes can be completed at the click of a button with lighting control solutions. On each respective vendors centralized management console, icons associated with individual fixtures can be reassigned to new zones or assigned new settings by resetting the parameters directly or dragging the icon to a new position.

o HVAC: Cooling costs are necessarily higher for environments in which lights are running for a greater portion of the day than they would be with lighting controls; however, heating costs are necessarily lower in the winter. Accordingly, potential savings are geographic specific.

Although we have not incorporated these ancillary cost savings opportunities in our formal payback calculations, we estimate that they have the potential to improve payback periods by up to 10%.

Electricity Savings Opportunities With Lighting Controls

Using these five energy saving strategies (lumen maintenance, daylighting, task tuning, occupancy control, and scheduling), we have constructed a detailed series of scenario analyses to illustrate what assumptions need to be made in order to achieve a range of electricity savings outcomes. Specifically, we look at what the assumptions need to be made in order to achieve electricity consumption savings of 35% (page 11), 40% (page 12), 45% (page 13), 50% (page 14), and 55% (page 15). These energy savings outcomes, in turn, were used to calculate our payback scenarios. For our electricity savings scenario analysis, we begin with a “baseline” scenario for lighting electricity usage (as a percentage of maximum power) with no lighting controls for the following periods: workday, evenings during the week, and weekends. We then apply successive electricity savings from each strategy – these savings are applied cumulatively to specific locations within a given office building (offices on the periphery of the building, offices on the interior of the building, interior cubicles, conference rooms, common areas, and alternative spaces) based on where the strategy achieves full benefit, partial benefit, or no benefit. As a result, for each savings scenario (35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, and 55%), our analysis demonstrates the electricity savings resulting from each strategy, at specific times, for specific locations throughout a corporate office; each strategy’s savings are added to achieve the total, cumulative savings. For a more detailed review of this analysis, see pages 9-10.

Payback Analysis Assumptions: Price of Lighting Control Solutions

The Price of Lighting Control Solutions: Underlying Assumptions

o The square footage covered by l ighting: We assume a 100,000 square foot commercial office facility.

o Lighting fixture density (the number of square feet per l ighting f ixture): This ranges from 80-90 sq. ft. per fixture, depending upon the type of lighting fixtures installed in the corporate office, although 88 sq. ft. per fixture is the typical density. Our payback model provides a sensitivity analysis (page 5) to account for the range of lighting fixture densities.

o The solution’s price per square foot, installed: We have taken the range of pricing as reported by the vendors themselves – their solutions range in price from $1.00-2.50 per square

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foot, installed. Our payback model provides a sensitivity analysis (page 5) to account for the range of vendor pricing scenarios.

o Tax deduction: Lighting control solutions that generate an energy savings beyond the basic ASHRAE/IESNA 90.1-2001 commercial office lighting specifications are eligible for a “partial” tax deduction under the 2005 EPAct Provisions for Commercial Buildings. There is a sliding scale of deductions, ranging from $0.30 per square foot (at 25% savings versus the basic ASHRAE/IESNA 90.1-2001 commercial office lighting specifications) to $0.60 per square foot (at 40% savings versus the basic ASHRAE/IESNA 90.1-2001 commercial office lighting specifications). Although we did not incorporate any such tax deduction in our payback calculation, we provide a sensitivity analysis (page 5) to account for the range of scenarios.

Payback Analysis Assumptions: Electricity Consumption Costs Before Controls (Baseline)

Electricity Consumption Costs Before Controls (Baseline)

o Installed lighting fixtures: 32 Watt, 3-lamp linear fluorescent T8s. Note that the typical commercial office space has the following lighting6:

Standard fluorescent lamps illuminate 70% of lit floor space in buildings. Incandescent lamps are used by about half of lit buildings but illuminate just 10% of the

total lit area. The other lighting types each illuminate 10% or less of lit floorspace — compact

fluorescent (5%), high intensity discharge (10%), and halogen (5%). o Light usage.

Weekday assumptions: 5 days/week • Working hours. We assume 12 hours per day, running at 100% power

consumption. • Evening hours. We assume 12 hours per day, running at 35% power consumption.

Weekend assumptions: 2 days/week • 24 hours per day, running at 35% power consumption.

o Electricity price: $0.12 per nominal kilowatt-hour. Our payback model provides a sensitivity analysis (page 5) to account for the range of electricity pricing.

Ancillary Costs

These costs are not included in our payback calculations, but should certainly be considered when making decisions: o Lighting maintenance (lamp replacement). This is the cost associated with identifying and

replacing lamps in fixtures. These costs are reduced with lighting control solutions. o Network reconfiguration (adds, moves, and changes). This is the cost associated with making

changes to the lighting network configuration. These costs are reduced with lighting control solutions.

o HVAC. Cooling costs are necessarily higher for environments in which lights are running for a greater portion of the day than they would be with lighting controls; however, heating costs are necessarily lower in the winter. Accordingly, potential savings are geography specific.

6 ibid.

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Understanding CTA’s Electricity Savings with Lighting Controls Scenario Analysis

Five Scenarios

We have constructed five scenarios, each depicting a different level of feasible electricity savings resulting from lighting controls: 35% (page 11), 40% (page 12), 45% (page 13), 50% (page 14), and 55% (page 15). Why this range? This range was supported by reasonable assumptions regarding the electricity usage reductions that could be achieved through these strategies. Five Strategies

To arrive at each savings scenario, we have cumulatively employed five lighting control strategies, applied in the following order: lumen maintenance (LM), daylighting (DL), task tuning (TT), occupancy control (OC), and scheduling (SCH). “Baseline” Electricity Consumption

For each scenario, we begin with what we term an office’s “initial baseline” lighting electricity consumption, that is, its electricity consumption (as a percentage of maximum usage) with no lighting controls. This “initial baseline” assumption is laid out in the black bar at the top of each scenario. For each electricity-saving lighting control strategy, we estimate a new lighting electricity consumption level (as a % of maximum usage), as compared to the baseline. The electricity savings from each strategy is the difference between the baseline and the new electricity consumption level enabled through the strategy. Keep in mind, after each incremental strategy is employed, the resulting electricity consumption level becomes the new baseline for each successive strategy; in this way, we get a cumulative electricity savings result. For example, the lumen maintenance strategy (the first strategy applied) uses the no controls, “initial baseline” electricity consumption level; the daylighting strategy (the second strategy applied) uses, as a new baseline, the electricity consumption level set by the lumen maintenance strategy. Time Breakdown

We split the 7-day week into time periods: a series of periods during the workday (this is most relevant to our daylighting analysis), nights, and weekends. Each time period has specific lighting usage requirements. This breakdown is also shown in the black bar at the top of each scenario. Partitioning the Corporate Office Space and Applying Strategies Selectively

We have divided the portions of the corporate office into discrete categories (offices on periphery of building, offices on interior of building, interior cubicles, conference rooms, common areas, and alternative spaces), so that we can apply the benefits from strategies appropriately; this segmentation of the office space is done on the right side of the analysis. The percentages represent the percentage of the overall square footage each category occupies. We then assign each category a degree to which it benefits from a given strategy: “full benefit”, “partial benefit”, or “no benefit”. For example, “offices near the periphery of the building” (representing 25% of the total office square footage) will receive “full benefit” from a daylighting strategy, while the “restrooms, data center, and storage” (representing 5% of the total office square footage) will receive “no benefit”.

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Weighing the Results

Electricity consumption reductions (recorded as a percentage of maximum usage) for each scenario – full benefit, partial benefit, and no benefit -- are “weighted” by applying the two factors: (a) the hours for which they are applicable; and (b) square footage for which they are applicable. Each scenario’s weighted result is then added to get the “total weighted” savings of 35%, 40%, 45%, 50% and 55%. P

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PART 2: LIGHTING CONTROLS VENDOR PROFILES

Vendor (Associated Brand) Profiles

Introduction and Overview: Multiple Approaches to Lighting Controls Acuity (Synergy, SensorSwitch, Lighting Control & Design) 19 Adura Technologies 23 Cooper Controls 26 Delmatic 29 Encelium 32 EnOcean 35 Leviton Manufacturing Co. 39 Lumenergi 42 Lutron 45 Philips (Dynalite, Lightolier) 48 Schneider Electric, SA 51 Universal Lighting Technologies (Panasonic) 54 WattStopper 57

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Multiple Approaches to Lighting Controls

In this report, we have chosen to focus on those vendors that employ sophisticated, software-based approaches to administering their solutions; all can be administered through a centralized, PC-based software console. While all solutions share this element, they often differ greatly on their approaches to delivering lighting control functionality. Accordingly, to clarify the landscape for potential purchasers of these solutions, we have attempted to classify each vendor’s approach into broad categories based on the following: communication method and control intelligence dispersal. Communication Method What we term the “communication method” – wired or wireless – is a fundamental distinction that can be drawn among these solution providers. When we refer to wired versus wireless, we are referring to the connection between elements on the periphery of the network (lighting fixtures, sensors, and switches) and an aggregation device; the aggregation device collects the control data and brokers communications between these peripheral devices and the central management console, where the lighting network is monitored and control parameters are set. o Wired connections require control data to be transmitted over low voltage wiring to an aggregation

device. o Wireless connections can be achieved in two manners: (1) control data sent wirelessly (through

the air), usually using ZigBee or EnOcean protocols, to an aggregation device; or (2) control data sent over the existing powerline network, with no low voltage control wiring, to an aggregation device.

Control Intell igence Dispersal What we term “control intelligence dispersal” refers to how lighting control intelligence (parameters for how the lighting networks is to operate) is dispersed and where it resides. o Intell igent, ballast-based strategies. In what we term ballast-based strategies, vendors

look to leverage intelligence resident in the lighting ballast itself (a ballast is required to control the starting and operating voltages of electrical gas discharge lights, esp. fluorescents). While all strategies can control ballasts, ballast-based strategies distribute intelligence directly to the ballasts where it resides locally; ballasts then execute the parameters set by the centralized software control console.

o Intell igent, node-based strategies. In what we term node-based strategies, vendors install a controller or node that sits inside each fixture (next to the ballast); it is this intelligent node which is responsible for executing all control functionality according to the parameters set by the centralized software control console.

o Intell igent, sensor-based strategies. In intelligent, sensor-based strategies, vendors distribute lighting control intelligence directly from the central management console to intelligent sensors and switches; there is no aggregating, intermediary, intelligent device.

o Control panel-based strategies. In what we term control panel-based strategies, vendors do not supply an intelligent ballast or node. All of the intelligence is administered through control panels typically resident in electrical wiring closets. These control panels are responsible for communicating with all of the devices on the periphery and executing all of the light level parameters set by the centralized software control console.

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ACUITY BRANDS – SYNERGY, SENSORSWITCH, LIGHTING CONTROL & DESIGN

Headquarters: Atlanta, GA

• Synergy www.synergylightingcontrols.com. Headquarters: Conyers, GA; • Sensor Switch www.sensorswitch.com. Headquarters: Wallingford, CT; • Lighting Control & Design http://www.LightingControls.com. Headquarters: Glendale, CA.

Public Company Synergy, SensorSwitch, and Lighting Control & Design are subsidiaries of Acuity Brands, a public company (Acuity owns Lithonia Lighting).

Product Line Overview Synergy’s lighting control solution architecture for corporate offices can be broadly classified based on the following distinctive characteristics:

• Wired; all control connections are physically wired. • Distributed, intell igent sensor-based; the company distributes lighting control

intelligence directly to its intelligent, nLight sensors and switches. It is important to point out that while this is the company’s primary architecture for large, commercial offices, Synergy’s vast product catalog is capable of providing a ballast-based architecture (with its Simply5 product line, discussed below) and a centralized control panel-based architecture (with its Synergy and LC&D product lines, discussed below). The SensorSwitch nLight Approach The nLight distributed sensor approach is unique in the lighting control industry. Since a microprocessor is embedded in all nLight sensors and switches, control intelligence can be distributed from the centralized management console to sensors and switches directly, rather than having to reside in a mediating device, such as a control panel. This highly distributed, flat architecture allows users to eliminate mediating control equipment, reduce costs, and simplify installation. Management Software

The entire nLight system can be administered by SensorView, the company’s web-based, lighting control management software. SensorView allows users to configure, control, and monitor their lighting network, while reporting real-time information that can be used for energy analysis and maintenance. Sensors & Switches

SensorSwitch provides the full range of sensors (occupancy and light) and switches – both nLight, intelligent and non-intelligent versions. These sensors can either be controlled directly by the company’s centralized software management and control platform (with nLight) or indirectly through control panels (with non-intelligent versions). SensorSwitch’s sensors employ some market leading technologies: Passive Infrared (PIR)/Microphonics dual technology detects motion and/or sound, rather than just detecting motion; more energy efficient PIR performance; and false-on motion minimization. In addition to basic sensors and controls, the company has wall-mounted distributed control interfaces that enable individuals to control (over-ride centralized management) the local light source

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so that it meets their specific needs (Sweepswitch); they also have wall-mounted preset controls (that allow control of multiple fixtures for zone control) and digital remotes (that allow control from anywhere). Lighting technologies supported: The company can monitor and control Fluorescent, HID, Incandescent, and LED lighting. nLight: Architecture

Each intelligent sensor or switch is connected via daisy-chained Cat-5 data cabling. This Cat-5 cabling is connected to a locally-resident bridge. This bridge is linked, thorough a wireless (ZigBee) or wired (Cat-5) connection, to the central gateway (resident in the building’s data center). The company’s SensorView software, with direct access to this gateway, is able to pull back data from the intelligent sensors and distribute lighting control parameters directly to the sensors and switches. nLight: Onsite, Customer Hosted Solution

Synergy’s solution is offered exclusively as an onsite, customer-hosted solution. nLight: Integration with other Building Automation Systems

The company’s nLight offering does not yet integrate out of the box with third-party building automation systems via BACnet (however, the BACnet integration for the company’s control-panel based solutions, discussed below, is particularly robust).

Alternative Approaches Control Panel-Based Approaches: Synergy MLX and LC&D GR2400 In addition to nLight, the company has two control panel-based approaches to lighting control. Synergy MLX

Resident in a electrical wiring closet, the company’s System Enclosure provides housing and electrical support for a series of discrete function modules: system controller, dimmer power modules, relay power modules, and digital ballast modules. The modular nature of the Synergy system architecture uses distributed intelligence to allow easy expansion and accommodation of changing customer and project requirements. The company’s slide-in modules comprise the core of the Synergy system:

o System controller module. The “brains” of the Synergy system, the System Controller Module provides a local user interface, scheduling, and control functions; these settings are then passed along to the dimmer, relay, and DALI control modules.

MLX is the networked version; MLS is the stand-alone (non-networked) version. o Dimmer modules. These modules enable dimming of line powered (AC) and 0-10 V low

voltage (DC) lighting; the system supports incandescent, fluorescent, low-voltage, neon, cold cathode and non-dim loads.

o Relay power modules. Used in conjunction with system enclosure and controller to provide manual and automatic on/off control of all types of lighting loads. These modules support multi-level switching.

o Digital ballast modules. Used to individually control DALI, Simply 5, and EcoSystem ballasts. These modules support dimming, switching, and ballast feedback (status and ballast health).

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CONFIG is the company’s core monitoring and control software application for the Synergy system. The software application enables users to configure, control, and monitor Synergy lighting control panels from on-site or remote locations via phone lines or WAN with this easy-to-use Windows application. The company’s integrated Graphic application adds a more intuitive graphical interface.

o Personal Control can be installed on each occupants work station for local control of overhead (task) lighting (when using the digital ballast module).

LC&D GR2400

LC&D’s GR2400 is also a control panel-based solution. The core GR2400 control panel platform provides infinitely scalable switching (on/off) functionality and can interface with: o The full range of SensorSwitch (non-intelligent) sensors and switches. o MicroPanels, for distributed (room) controls, can integrate daylighting, manual control, and

occupancy sensors (dimming or multi-level switching). Due to its native network capability, all settings are remotely and locally adjustable to optimize energy use.

Unity (2.0 and GX) is LC&D’s core monitoring and control software application. The software application enables users to design, program, and manage the GR2400 lighting control panels. Unity GX expands 2.0 functionality to include a graphical (map) interface for real-time control. Control Panel Approach: Architecture

The modular, wiring closet based Synergy MLX and LC&D GR2400 control panel-based systems serve as centralized repositories for lighting parameters set by each system’s respective software management platform. The control panels, in turn, control and communicate with individual lighting fixtures (and zones), sensors, and switches. All panels and digital devices are linked with Cat-5 cable. Control Panel Approach: Onsite, Customer Hosted Solution

Both solutions are offered exclusively as an onsite, customer-hosted solution. Control Panel Approach: Integration with other Building Automation Systems

Both systems will interface with any BAS through the BACnet standard. This is particularly robust integration: the company offers full, two-way integration using native BACnet, allowing the two major users of power (lighting and HVAC) to be managed from the facility building automation system. Intelligent Ballast Approach: SIMPLY5 The SIMPLY5 system offers a simplified, out-of-the-box control network architecture. Once the company’s intelligent ballasts are installed on each luminaire, the SIMPLY5 open topology allows switches and sensors to snap together at the closest junction, rather than having to run line- and low-voltage wiring from each luminaire and sensor back to a centralized relay panel, respectively. This substantially reduces installation and commissioning time. Note: Simply5 ballasts can integrate into the Synergy MLX System or Simply5 can operate as a complete, self-contained unit.

Key Customers Aquarium of the Americas (New Orleans, LA), Atlantic City Convention Center (Atlantic City, NJ), Boston Logan International Airport (Boston, MA), Calpine Center (Houston, TX), Canadian Forces Base (British

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Columbia), Dulles International Airport (Washington DC), Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas (Houston, TX), First American Financial Corp (Santa Ana, CA), Fresno Convention Center (Fresno, CA), Frost Bank Tower (Austin, TX), Georgia Aquarium (Atlanta, GA), Haworth (Chicago, IL), High Museum of Art (Atlanta, GA), Hilton Hotel (Austin, TX), Houston Intercontinental Airport (Houston, TX), Las Vegas Convention Center (Las Vegas, NV), Miller Park (Milwaukee, WI), Minneapolis Library (Minneapolis, MN), Saint Vincent Medical Center (Worchester, MA), Southtowne Exhibition Hall (Salt Lake, UT), Statue of Liberty Complex (Liberty, Island, NY), Sugarland City Hall (Sugarland, TX), University of Chicago (Chicago, IL), Xilinx Corp (Longmont, CO).

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ADURA TECHNOLOGIES

www.aduratech.com Headquarters: San Francisco, CA Privately held. VC investors: VantagePoint, Claremont Creek, and NGEN. To date, the company has raised a total of $17 million. The Adura LightPoint System (ALPS) is a wireless-based monitoring and control platform for commercial building lighting.

Product Line Overview Adura's technology was originally developed at the Center for the Built Environment at the University of California at Berkeley; research grants were provided by the California Energy Commission’s Public Interest Energy Research grant programme. Adura subsequently developed an IP portfolio based on uses and improvements to the core technology. Adura's lighting control solution architecture can broadly be classified based on the following distinctive characteristics:

• Wireless; the Adura solution controls lighting via ZigBee standard wireless communications, rather than traditional wired connections.

• Distributed, node-based; the Adura solution embeds its intelligent node on a fixture(s) to implement control functionality. This node communicates directly (via a Smart Hub) with the centralized management console, the location from which the lighting network is monitored and parameters are set.

Wireless Light Controllers (Nodes)

In order to implement the Adura solution, individual lighting fixtures are retrofitted with the company's Wireless Light Controllers; these controllers are attached just upstream of the ballast, switch, or DC power supply. Each controller, or node, has an embedded low-cost wireless ZigBee (802.15.4) transceiver that both sends diagnostic and performance data to the energy management system through the Smart Hub on the control network and receives control information that it implements on the fixture itself. Since each Adura-enabled lighting element has a unique network address that is factory assigned, each light fixture, switch sensor or Sensor Interface can have its own unique control settings. Light levels can be adjusted by individual fixture or zone (aka multi-level switching). Each controller has a current sensor so that energy consumption information can be transmitted to the enterprise management system. Lighting technologies supported: The Adura system is UL listed to control any ballasted or incandescent lighting load. The company can control fluorescent, HID, Incandescent, and LED lighting at 120 – 277V AC. Sensor Interface Module

In September 2009, Adura rolled out a Sensor Interface module that integrates all of the information derived from third-party movement (occupancy) and light (photo) sensors. This interface then shares this information wirelessly with: (1) the back-end system (Adura’s Smart Hub, which then transmits this information over an Ethernet LAN connection to the ALPS centralized database); and (2) the monitored periphery of the network (Wireless Light Controllers on individual fixtures). This dual-directional flow of sensor information allows the lighting control network to execute the appropriate

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control response based upon the sensor reading and to function even in the event of an outage in the Ethernet data network. The solution is powered by a Class 2 (12-30v DC) power supply, such as a power pack (this power is typically already installed to provide power for the sensors). Switch (Wall Control Interface)

Adura’s Wall Control Interface replaces a conventional line voltage wall switch, providing integration with the lighting control network. The Wall Control Interface provides simple on/off control, scene control, continuous dimming, and local user control (over-ride). The switch communicates wirelessly with the control network; as a result, all operating parameters of the switch are easily modified by the web-based ALPS Enterprise Software. Smart Hub

Adura's Smart Hub communicates wirelessly with nodes, sensors, and switches, linking them with the company's centralized Enterprise Software solution over an Ethernet-based LAN. The Smart Hub implements the Linux operating system features for verification, optimization, and security to provide enhanced reliability. The Adura Smart Hub ensures secure data transmission on both the wired network side and the wireless network side. When communication with the wireless nodes, sensors and switches, the Smart Hub employs ZigBee wireless communication using 128-bit Advanced Encryption Standard (AES). When communicating with the Enterprise Database over the wired network, the Smart Hub exchanges messages using HTTPS, encrypting a message prior to transmission and decrypting it upon arrival. ALPS Enterprise Software & Database

The information aggregated in the database is accessed and analyzed with the company's web-based software front-end, or "dashboard". This solution allows for centralized visibility into the performance of the lighting nodes, as well as the control of these nodes. More specifically, the ALPS enterprise database enables the following:

• Tracks and monitors energy use, carbon footprint, peak load, and electricity usage. In addition, the real-time analysis can proactively alert users of lighting problems.

• Control functionality: Armed with these reports, commercial building managers can intelligently control how they want their lighting networks to perform, by enabling flexible scheduling, daylight harvesting, occupancy control, personal control, and load shedding.

Recent Product Releases and Future Product Functionality

In March 2010, as part of Release 1.1, the company released expanded functionality that includes: • Customer hosted database; • Fault management (lamp or ballast failure) to facilitate maintenance; • Increased light management (task tuning, daylighting reduction, adjusting dimmable

fixtures); • BACnet interface to enable interconnectivity with existing Building Automation Systems. The

interface provides performance reports to the BAS and enables high-level lighting control functionality to be implemented via the BAS (this control functionality, however, will be executed by the Adura’s ALPS/Server/Database).

• Physical remote control for personal control.

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Further, in the September-December 2010 time frame, the company will release the following: o Its own occupancy sensor (the company will remain interoperable with all third-party solutions).

The occupancy sensors are ZigBee-enabled and powered by a 5-year battery. o Expanded scalability for the company’s network and Smart hub.

Solution Architecture Architecture

The company's Wireless Light Controllers and interface modules/sensors/switches feed the Smart Hub that, in turn, feed the company's centralized ALPS enterprise software and database. Service delivery: service bureau historically; customer hosted functionality just added

While historically offered exclusively on a service bureau (the database resides outside of the customer premise) basis, a customer hosted database solution was recently made available as part of the company’s version 1.1. Integration with other Building Automation Systems

The Adura system is currently compatible with building automation systems. BACnet integration has been added as part of the company’s version 1.1. ZigBee’s Value Proposition Adura's wireless approach is compelling because it does not require expensive wiring to be installed in order to function. Accordingly, the company's solution simplifies adds, moves, and changes in the lighting system. Zoning is no longer limited to existing electrical wiring; that is, individual fixtures can be easily assigned or removed to wall switch control. This also provides for control hierarchy where an individual fixture or group of fixtures can be controlled by occupancy, photo sensing, schedule or personal control. The distributed control intelligence network ensures that a single point of failure does not impact more than one node on the network. The advantages of ZigBee-based wireless solutions

All of the company's wireless communications are conducted over standard ZigBee/IEEE 802.15.4 wireless networks, forming a highly reliable communications mesh that uses AES 128-bit encryption and authentication to ensure that data is secure. The wireless mesh technology offers two advantages:

• More reliable than point-to-point communication because data can be routed many different ways to reach its destination (the data is passed among the individual nodes).

• Transmission requires lower power, given that each node only requires enough power to reach the next, nearby node, rather than a centralized receiver.

Key Customers Total number of customers: The company has ~ 50 customers; it’s largest customers are monitoring approximately 100,000 square feet. Adura’s systems have been installed at UC Berkeley, Webcor, Heath Corp. of America and Alameda County, but only in pilot mode.

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COOPER CONTROLS

www.CooperControl.com Headquarters: Peachtree City, GA Public company A subsidiary of global manufacturer Cooper Industries, Cooper Controls was formed by its acquisition of Novitas Inc. in November 2005, Polaron plc in March 2007, and PCI Lighting Controls in August 2007. Greengate, by Cooper Controls, is a complete and robust suite of lighting control solutions for commercial offices.

Product Line Overview Cooper Controls’ Greengate lighting control solution architecture for corporate offices can be broadly classified based on the following distinctive characteristics:

• Wired; all control connections are physically wired. • Distributed, control panel-based; Cooper’s centralized control software distributes

intelligence to Control Panels which interface with connected fixtures, sensors, and switches. We have profiled the core elements of Cooper Controls’ Greengate lighting control solution. ControlKeeper Network Lighting Control Panel

The company's ControlKeeper Network Lighting Control Panels switch, dim and monitor lighting, as well as interface with sensors and switches. The fixtures, sensors, and switches are individually addressable and connect directly into the Lighting Control Panels. There are two networked Control Panel systems available: o Centralized Systems. With centralized systems, Control Panels are located in electrical closets or

near circuit breaker panels. These systems provide for centralized control of lighting loads in larger commercial office settings.

o Distributed Systems. With distributed systems, Control Panels are smaller and typically mounted above the ceiling of the room they are controlling. These systems require fewer “home-runs” of lighting circuits, and are ideal for projects with a higher level of localized controls, but large enough in scale that the project benefits from a centralized management location.

Lighting technologies supported: The Cooper Controls system is UL listed to control any ballasted or incandescent lighting load. The company can monitor fluorescent, HID, Incandescent, and LED lighting at 120/277/347 VAC (including mixed load capability). Sensors and Switches

The company has an exceptionally broad range of photo sensor (light), occupancy sensor (ultrasonic, passive infrared, dual technology, and microphonic) and wall switch solutions. Through direct communication with the Control Panels, the company’s Keeper Enterprise Software (discussed below) determines settings for switches and gathers environmental data gathered by sensors.

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Exhibit source: Cooper marketing materials; Cleantech Approach re-labeled devices for simplicity. Keeper Enterprise Software & Database

Cooper Controls’ core software control solution, Keeper Enterprise, resides on a PC and allows users to easily design, edit, and maintain operating files for the lighting control network; these files are then dynamically programmed into the Control Panels, whereupon they are executed. As a result, commercial building managers can intelligently control how they want their lighting networks to perform. Keeper Enterprise further allows users to check networked light fixture performance. o An add-on application to Keeper Enterprise, VisionTouch, adds a graphical representation of the

lighting network. VisionTouch software allows site-specific drawings to be loaded into the software with zones defined directly on the drawings.

o The Venergy Energy Monitoring web-based solution provides actual metered (captured directly by the lighting control system) lighting energy usage real-time on any PC, touchscreen, or Plasma/LCD display. Venergy can provide such visibility on any scale: from the complete corporate enterprise down to the individual circuit level. This energy conservation solution enables facilities owners and managers to easily display critical building information, track performance, manage and control resource consumption, reduce environmental impacts, and save money.

o The company also has add-on applications to expedite global switching commands (VisionSwitch) and schedule lighting scenes for sites with constantly changing lighting (Event Manager).

o The company’s Ethernet Interface Module (EIM) enables the Keeper Enterprise software, resident on a PC, to interface the lighting control network and communicate with ControlKeeper Network Control Panels (via RS-232).


Cooper’s centralized Keeper Enterprise software distributes lighting control intelligence to Control Panels that use this intelligence to control and manage fixtures and sensors on the periphery of the network.

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Onsite, Customer Hosted Solution

Cooper’s solution is offered exclusively as an onsite, customer-hosted solution. Integration with other Building Automation Systems The Greengate system can be integrated into existing third-party Building Automation Systems via its Automation Interface Module (AIM). This module enables connection into BAS systems through the following interfaces: BACnet, Metasys, Modbus, and Echelon’s LonTalk.

Key Customers High profile customers include: Hoover Public Library and Nelson Nutraceutical.

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DELMATIC

www.delmatic.com Headquarters: Chiswick, UK Privately held Delmatic is a leading supplier of lighting control technology, employing a high distributed architecture that simplifies installation, reduces complexity, and employs the open protocols of DALI and Lon.

Product Line Overview Delmatic’s lighting control solution architecture for corporate offices can be broadly classified based on the following distinctive characteristics:

• Wired; all control connections are physically wired. • Distributed, control module-based; Delmatic's software controls the network with

Lighting Control Modules that serve as a "control hubs" for multiple fixtures (these hubs provide switching; dimming control is achieved through DALI/1-10v/DSI); the Lighting Control Modules are typically distributed locally throughout the customer site, rather than placed in a system enclosure located in an electrical wiring closet.

Exhibit source: Delmatic marketing materials. Lighting Control Modules

The company's Lighting Control Modules switch, dim, and monitor lighting. Fixtures, sensors, and switches connect directly into the Lighting Control Modules. Delmatic has modules that enable control of individual fixtures (independently addressed switching and dimming; see the "metro one-ten" product in the image above), modules that switch and dim circuits of lighting (see the “metro twelve-twelve” product in the image above), and modules that

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address Dali luminaires along a single wiring bus for group switching and dimming (see the "metro dali" product in the image above). All modules include plug-in connections for the network buswire and for local control devices, including switches and sensors (occupancy, light, and multi-sensors): o For Control Devices: Each output on the Lighting Control Module is uniquely addressed,

individually switched or dimmed through DALI digital, DSI digital, analogue, DMX or phase-control dimming. Further, each local control device is assigned a specific identification.

o For the Network: The LonWorks network protocol is used to connect to the network (which enables DALI subsystems to be easily connected into a building-wide lighting management solution).

Note that Delmatic does not offer ballasts as part of its product offering; the Delmatic solution will interoperate with any third-party manufacturer’s ballast. The full range of lighting technologies is supported: The Delmatic solution will manage and control the full range of lighting technologies: fluorescent (including CFL), incandescent, LED, and metal halide. Switches and Sensors

Delmatic offers a full range of wall switch, occupancy sensor, light sensor, and multisensor (which combine presence detection and light/photocells) offerings. Routers

Routers divide the building-wide system into logical sections and optimize the high-speed routing of data across the network between the PC head-end (where the company's core management software resides) and the distributed Lighting Control Modules. Delmatic has router solutions that communicate with the PC Head-End over either LonWorks or IP networks. PC Head-End

The PC head-end is loaded with Delmatic's lighting management software, called Lightscape, and connected to the LNS database. The PC connects to the LonWorks network or building Ethernet IP network and hosts the LNS database, which stores the operational information for the complete system. Remote operation via the Internet or Intranet is also available; further, system alarms and information can be relayed to portable devices such as mobile phones and PDAs. Lightscape Software

Lightscape is Delmatic’s core monitoring and control software application. The application provides real-time information on system operation, lighting levels, lamp run-hours and lamp failures, while providing the building and facilities supervisor with powerful tools for managing and monitoring lighting. The software and project-specific graphics enable drag-and-drop virtual connections to be made between light fittings and local control devices, display the active status of lighting against background building layouts, and provide comprehensive tools for managing and monitoring the installation. Although the complete system database is hosted on the head-end PC, distributed-intelligence software resident within each module ensures stand-alone functionality in the event of loss of head-end PC or floor control router operation.

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The Delmatic solution's highly distributed architecture is focused on easy installation and reduced complexity. The light fixtures, switches and sensors are connected to distributed Lighting Control Modules which switch or dim lighting; these modules are connected to routers, which control the bi-directional exchange of between the Light Control Modules and the PC Head-End, where the core Lightscape software determines control parameters. Onsite, Customer Hosted Solution

Delmatic’s solution is offered exclusively as an onsite, customer-hosted solution. Integration Building Automation Systems

The company offers integration with Building Automation Systems through BACnet, Echelon’s LonWorks, and OPC.

Key Customers High profile customers include:

• Abu Dhabi Investment Authority Headquarters (Abu Dhabi, UAE). This is an over one million sq. ft. installation.

• HSBC World Headquarters (London, UK). This is an over one million sq. ft. installation. • Swiss Re Headquarters (London, UK).

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ENCELIUM TECHNOLOGIES

www.encelium.com Headquarters: Teaneck, NJ Privately held. Owned by Townsend Capital, a private commercial real estate investment and development company. The Encelium Energy Control System (ECS) provides monitoring and control for commercial building lighting.

Product Line Overview Encelium's lighting control solution architecture can broadly be classified based on the following distinctive characteristics:

• Wired; all control connections are physically wired. • Distributed, node-based; Encelium embeds their intelligent node (Input/Output Module)

on light fixture ballasts, contact closures, and occupancy/photo sensors in order to implement its control functionality; these nodes communicate directly (through intermediary devices, called ECUs) with the central management console.

Exhibit source: Encelium marketing materials.

I/O Modules (Nodes)

Encelium's Universal Input/Output (I/O) Modules are attached to lighting components such as ballasts in individual light fixtures, contact closures, occupancy sensors, and photo sensors; these modules allow these components to be integrated into the lighting control network. I/O Modules are interconnected in a GreenBus-based (discussed below), daisy chain topology and linked back to an Energy Control Unit (ECU) using a standard click and go network cable (Cat 3, with RJ45 connectors).

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Each I/O Module, or node, has an embedded, low-cost transceiver that both sends diagnostic and performance data to gateways on the control network and receives control information that it implements on the attached fixture itself.

Individually addressable, the I/O Module enables each lighting component to be independently controlled and configured to best meet the needs of the facility. When connected to a ballast, the I/O Module can switch a fixture on or off via a relay contained in the module as well as deliver a low voltage dimming signal to any conventional 0 - 10V dimming ballast. When wired to an occupancy sensor or photocell, the I/O Module provides power to operate the device and relays sensor information from the device to Encelium’s Energy Control Unit. The company’s solution is targeted at fluorescent lighting. Sensors & Switches

The company offers a full suite of switches and zone controllers, which provides manual on/off switching of individual lights, lighting zones, and dimming scenes; the company also has a time-based shut-off solution. The company does not offer its own occupancy or light (photo) sensors, but works interoperably with any third-party solutions. ECU (Energy Control Unit)

The ECU (rack or wall mounted) collects and processes information received from sensors/switches and distributes lighting control information to Encelium I/O Modules (and zone controllers) over its GreenBus network. All ECUs are networked, via an Ethernet LAN connection, to the centralized Polaris software console for control and management of the overall lighting environment (discussed below); the ECUs can also be accessed and controlled by an individual user (via a PC) for his/her local environment. Polaris Software, SSU Database, and Personal Control Software

The Polaris system offers centralized lighting control: • The System Support Unit (SSU) resides in the data center and serves as the database server

for all data related to an Encelium control system. The SSU stores all system settings and parameters, including attributes for zones, fixtures, sensors, zone controllers, and scene controllers; it is responsible for communicating all of this information to the localized ECUs. The SSU also logs historical data regarding the system’s operational and energy saving results.

• Encellium's Polaris software runs on a designated building automation PC and serves as the front-end through which facility managers can execute all lighting control functionality. Polaris is visually organized by floorplans.

• Although chiefly designed as software application that resides on a PC connected to the LAN, Polaris can be configured to operate remotely over the Internet.

• The company's Energy Reporting Module is an incremental software tool that reports on energy consumption and demand in a wide menu of formats.

• Each Encelium system requires one SSU, typically located in a building’s electrical room, mounted with an ECU or series of ECUs.

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Personal, Local Control: • The Personal Control Software (PCS) is an application that enables individuals to control

lighting levels in their workspace from their own desktop PC. For those clients that desire personal lighting control from their desktop without the installation of the Personal Control Software application on each PC (or without a direct connection to their computer networks), Encelium offers an Adobe Flash web interface that mirrors the functionality of PCS.


The company's I/O Modules (located on fixtures, sensors, and switches) feed ECUs, which in turn, feed the company's centralized SSU database. Service Delivery

This offering is delivered exclusively as a customer-hosted solution (no service bureau offering). Integration with other Building Automation Systems

• The Niagara Driver enables integration of the Encelium Energy Control System (ECS) with Tridium Niagara-based building automation systems. The ECS operates autonomously while lighting status, lighting levels, and occupancy information are all shared and may be controlled via the Niagara framework. Niagara creates a common environment that connects to almost any embedded device to provide a seamless, uniform view of the device data. Interoperability with the Niagara framework enables easier integration of lighting with HVAC and other building systems, thus contributing to lower operating costs and improved ROI.

• The BACnet Interface Module enables the integration of ECS with any BACnet-compatible building automation system. The ECS operates autonomously while lighting status, lighting levels, and energy usage are all shared and may be controlled via BACnet.

Installation and Commissioning: The GreenBus Advantage The installation and commissioning of Encelium's ECS solution are fast and straightforward, due in large part to the company's GreenBus network architecture. This architecture creates several advantages for installation, commissioning, and adds/moves/changes. The company's GreenBus architecture reduces Encelium's installation time relative to other wired solutions, since only a single cable must be pulled, rather than an individual control cable for each unit. Further, since the GreenBus network allows both low voltage power and communications to occur over the same cabling, sensors and switches can be powered easily, thereby eliminating the need for external power supplies, long home run wiring, and power packs. As for commissioning, the I/O Module automatically detects and addresses the type of device to which it is wired and establishes two-way communication between the ECU and itself, thereby eliminating the need to pre-address devices or record serial numbers during the process.

Key Customers Since the company's founding in 2001, ECS has been installed in more than 25 million square feet of commercial space across North America and Europe. Key customers include: Rogers Centre, Toronto General Hospital, Frost & Sullivan, Liberty Property Trust, and Goshow.

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ENOCEAN

www.enocean.com Headquarters: Outside Munich, Germany; US Headquarters in Boston, MA Privately held. VC investors include: Atmos, BayTech Venture Capital, Emerald Technology Ventures, Kathrein Group, SET Venture Partners, Siemens Technology Accelerator, Siemens Venture Capital, and Wellington Partners. EnOcean, spun out of Siemens’ central research laboratories in 2001, provides OEMs with modules that integrate energy harvesters, ultra low power electronics and RF communication; these OEMs use these modules to build finished products typically for building automation (lighting and HVAC controls) or industrial applications.

Core Technology Energy Harvesting Technology

This enables wireless transceivers to operate with no batteries or external power supply. • Energy harvesting is the collection of energy from the surrounding environment. • EnOcean solutions make use of energy created from slight changes in motion, pressure (e.g.,

pushing a button), light (e.g., capturing light with small solar cells), temperature (e.g., capturing heat given off from other sources) or vibration; the company has a distinct product to harvest energy from each of these changes.

• Unlike all other radio technologies, these radio sensors do not require batteries for operation. This unique energy harvesting technology allows the company's wireless transceivers (sensors) to operate on an entirely self-powered basis.

• Because no batteries need to be replaced, EnOcean-enabled buildings are more flexible and cost-efficient to maintain.

• More flexible, optimal positioning. Since EnOcean-enabled solutions do not need to be wired for power or connectivity, or accessed for battery replacement, the maintenance-free, wireless switches, motion detectors, and photo sensors can be positioned in places that provide maximum benefit (e.g., on flexible room dividers, furniture and other fittings, and on concrete ceilings and walls).

Energy Management & Wireless Radio Technology

• EnOcean's technical energy management breakthrough was to reduce the energy needed to transmit a signal to an exceptionally small amount, coupled with ultra-low power sleep timers enabling days of operation without recharging.

• Patented EnOcean wireless technology is able to generate a signal of high range from an extremely small amount of energy. From just 0.12 µWs, a standard EnOcean wireless module can transmit a signal 30 meters in buildings and 300 meters in free field. The key to this performance lies in the signal duration – the entire process is started, executed and completed in no more than a thousandth of a second.

• A battery-less wireless switch consumes about 50 μWs for a complete radio command – some 100 times less than the more usual, battery-powered wireless switch. So a conventional wireless radio, powered by an electrodynamic generator, would require 100 times the actuating force of an EnOcean switch, and a conventional wireless sensor in a living room would need a solar cell 100 times in size.

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• The company's reliance on the 315 MHz band for North America and 868 MHz band for Europe also gives its solutions some potential advantages versus competitive offerings:

o Longer-range transmissions reduce the initial cost of the network. 315/868 MHz radio waves have twice the range of 2.4 GHz signals and double the penetration through materials like walls and furniture. As a result, 2.4 GHz ZigBee systems consequently require about four times more receiving nodes over its area, and a corresponding increase in radio transmissions to route and repeat signals to their intended recipient.

o The 315/868 MHz bands are ideally suited for low power, short duration communication such as wireless sensor networks because there is minimal interference. Regulatory agencies limit the power output and duty cycles to facilitate the types of signals transmitted by sensors and switches. In contrast, 2.4 GHz bands allow 1 Watt of power output and extended transmissions, greatly increasing probability of interference. Typical Zigbee sensor radios output 1/1,000 Watt yet must compete for air space with microwave ovens, WLANs, Bluetooth and industrial transceivers.

o Lower chance of data loss. The chance of collisions among the wireless telegrams within a system is a function of the number of transmitters and the incidence and duration of their transmissions. Not only are collisions reduced by having less transceivers in the system (see point above), there are fewer repeated transmissions and EnOcean sends very short telegram lengths (approx. 1 ms vs. 4 ms for ZigBee) to reduce the chance even further.

o Greater scalability. Since the chance of interference and collision is significantly lower with 315/868 MHz networks, they are potentially more reliable and can be scaled to larger sizes.

Intelligent software stacks

These enable exchange and integration with OEMs and Partners. • Intelligent software stacks, for modular, versatile and user-friendly integration in existing building

management applications. • EnOcean's technology suite is based on an interoperable standard technology together with

interfaces to established automation solutions such as BACnet, LON, EI B/KNX and TCP/IP. • The Dolphin System. The Dolphin system architecture expands the existing EnOcean system

architecture through bidirectional communications between sensors and actuators. Modular in its structure, it is ready for future system extensions such as encryption or special routing. The interoperability of the Dolphin system architecture means that products from different manufacturers can be integrated into a new system while maintaining full downward compatibility with EnOcean-enabled devices and system components already on the market.

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Products and System Architecture

Exhibit source: EnOcean marketing materials. System Architecture

EnOcean-enabled sensors (light switches, photosensors, occupancy sensors) on the periphery of the network feed information to actuators (that execute control functions, such as turning off a light switch when no one is in a room); room controllers communicate parameters to the actuators, thereby enabling sensor-derived feedback to translate into a network response (e.g., when a sensor reports that a person has left the room, the actuator is able to apply the parameter that the lights should then be turned off). The actuators are linked into a unified network by gateways; these gateways, in turn, are linked into the centralized control systems (BMS or lighting control systems), where system-wide parameters are managed and controlled. Sensor/Switch Review

Sensors are located on the periphery of the network, detecting and communicating environmental conditions. One-way and bidirectional communication is enabled, whereby they receive instructions from room controllers and send communications on environmental conditions to actuators. These sensors employ the full range of the company's core technologies (discussed above), including wireless transceiver, battery-less function, and energy harvesting functionalities.

Actuator Review

The company's actuators control the functioning of building resources (lighting, HVAC, etc), translating sensor-derived feedback into a network response. These actuators employ the full range of the company's core technologies (discussed above), including wireless transceiver, battery-less function, and energy harvesting functionalities. Room Controllers

Room controllers are line-powered, receiving feedback data from sensors and communicating parameters (derived from the centralized BMS or lighting control system) to the actuators, thereby enabling sensor-derived feedback to translate into a network response.

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The EnOcean Alliance The EnOcean Alliance is a consortium of companies that supports the EnOcean technology. There are two classes of EnOcean Alliance members:

• OEMs. EnOcean sells exclusively to OEMs; these OEMs design, build and deliver solutions that embed EnOcean’s core technology in their products (OEMs). The Alliance includes more than 100 OEMs, focused on lighting and HVAC controls. These OEMs have built approximately 400 products based on EnOcean’s embedded technology; there are another 200-300 products in development currently, that should appear in the market over the next 18 months. Key OEMs include: Verve Living Systems (Masco), Leviton, Distech Controls, MK Electric (Honeywell), Osram Sylvania, Dimonoff, Illumra, and Echoflex Solutions.

• Technology Partners. Technology partners provide tools, services and software facilitating the design, installation, commissioning, monitoring and control of EnOcean enabled networks. There are approximately 50 technology partners in the Alliance.

Through this Alliance, EnOcean-enabled wireless networks have been installed in over 100,000 buildings, with over one million units in the field; this makes it the most pervasive and field-tested wireless building automation standard in the world.

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LEVITON MANUFACTURING CO.

www.leviton.com Headquarters: Melville, NY Privately held company Leviton offers a complete and robust suite of lighting control solutions for commercial offices.

Product Line Overview Leviton’s lighting control solution architecture for corporate offices can be broadly classified based on the following distinctive characteristics:

• Wired; all control connections (between the fixtures and Control Panels) are physically wired. • Distributed, control panel-based; Leviton’s control software distributes intelligence to

Control Panels which interface with connected dimmers, fixtures and sensors. It is important to point out that while this is company’s primary architecture, Leviton’s vast product catalog is capable of providing wireless (with its LevNet product line, discussed below) and ballast-based architectures (with its SECTOR product line, discussed below). We have profiled the core elements of Leviton’s lighting management and control solution for corporate offices.

Exhibit source: Leviton marketing materials.

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Z-Max Plus Relay Control Panels

The company's Z-Max Plus Relay Control Panels form the core of the company’s offering. These Relay Control Panels are the central repository for control information administered via the company’s centralized Lumigraphics software-based lighting control platform (see discussion below). Z-Max Plus Relay control panels, resident in electrical wiring closets, are at the center of the flow of control information. Accordingly, they need to communicate (using the company’s proprietary communication protocol, Luma-Net) with the other critical elements in the system and perform the following functionality: o Switch fixtures on and off according to the lighting control parameters set at the centralized

software console. o Interface directly (usually over low voltage connections) with sensors (occupancy, photo) and light

switches on the periphery of the network. o Communicate with dimming racks that are responsible for dimming individual fixtures and other

networked Control Panels. o Communicate with a direct data connection (via a optional TCP/IP board in the chassis) to the

centralized Lumigraphics software management console resident on the Ethernet data network. o Interface directly with other third-party Building Automation Systems (BAS) via BACnet/MSTP. Lighting technologies supported: The Leviton system is UL listed to control any ballasted or incandescent lighting load. The company can monitor fluorescent, HID, Incandescent, and LED lighting at 120/277/347 VAC. The company recently released its most robust Control Panel offering, GreenMAX. GreenMAX expands upon the Z-Max Plus’ functionality, adding integrated dimming, integrated energy monitoring, and easier programming/commissioning. Dimming Racks

The company has a complete set of modular dimming solutions. The Z-Max Plus can interface directly (via native Luma-Net, the company’s proprietary communication protocol) with a data connection to its A-2000 and iSeries dimming solutions, specifically. In this way, a Z-Max Plus connection brings intelligent control parameters set by the Lumigraphics centralized software to the company’s dimming product suite. SECTOR Intelligent Ballasts

Leviton’s SECTOR product line enables intelligent control of fluorescent lighting. Leviton’s SECTOR Intelligent Ballast and Lighting Control System combines several energy saving strategies – occupancy sensing, daylight harvesting and dimming – into a single, integrated system. The solution includes intelligent ballasts (which enable continuous, full-range dimming), a network bus controller (the brain and power supply for the system), occupancy sensors (multi-technology and Infrared), photosensors, and switches. All of these elements are managed with Leviton’s software management console designed specifically for the system, called SECTOR Net. Note: The SECTOR product offering does not integrate into the Z-Max Plus based architecture outlined throughout this report. SECTOR operates as a complete, self-contained unit. Sensors and Switches

The company has an exceptionally broad range of photo sensor (light), occupancy sensor (passive infrared, ultrasonic, multi-technology) and switch solutions. Through direct communication with the

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Z-Max Plus Relay Control Panels, the company’s Lumigraphics Enterprise Software (discussed below) determines settings for switches and gathers environmental data gathered by sensors. LevNet RF Wireless, Self-Powered Sensors and Switches

The company’s LevNet product offerings consist of a series of occupancy sensors (passive infrared), wall switches, and wall switch receivers (that enable control of a number of wireless light switches). These solutions are unique in that they are wireless and entirely self-powered. This makes installation easy (no wires need to be run to the lighting fixture or the central control panel) and maintenance-free (no power supply needs to replaced). The wireless and self-powered technologies embedded in Leviton solutions are provided by EnOcean. Leviton has the broadest suite of product offerings based on EnOcean technology. While LevNet products have been largely used for sensors and switches to date, Leviton plans on making an aggressive push with this technology into enabling node-based control of individual fixtures that reside in the fixture’s ballast cavity; these nodes will be able to communicate wirelessly with a Z-Max Plus Control Panel and switch the fixtures on a network-wide basis. Lumigraphics Enterprise Software & Database

Leviton’s PC-based, core software lighting control solution, Lumigraphics, allows users to easily design, edit, and maintain operating files for the lighting control network; these files are then dynamically programmed into the Z-Max Relay Control Panels, whereupon they are executed. As a result, commercial building managers can intelligently control how they want their lighting networks to perform, enabling flexible scheduling, daylight harvesting, occupancy control, personal control and load shedding.


Leviton’s centralized Lumigraphics Enterprise Software distributes intelligence to Relay Control Panels that use this intelligence to control and manage dimmers, fixtures and sensors on the periphery of the network.

Onsite, Customer Hosted Solution

Leviton’s solution is offered exclusively as an onsite, customer-hosted solution. Integration with other Building Automation Systems

The system can be integrated into existing third-party Building Automation Systems (BAS) via its Z-Max Plus, which interfaces directly via BACnet.

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LUMENERGI

www.lumenergi.com Headquarters: Newark, CA Privately held. VC investors include: Noventi Ventures and Low Carbon Accelerator Ltd. Lumenergi offers a complete suite of lighting control solutions. The Lumenergi solution pairs its intelligent, dimming electronic ballasts (the iB-100 Light Driver) with its sophisticated, software-based control system (the Lighting Management and Control System, comprised of the LMCS Controller and LMCS Remote Server).

Product Line Overview Lumenergi's Management and Control Solution (LMCS) architecture can be broadly classified based on the following distinctive characteristics:

• Wired; all control connections are physically wired. • Ballast-based; Lumenergi has embedded lighting control technology inside its intelligent,

linear fluorescent lighting ballasts. These ballasts communicate directly with the centralized management server (via a controller intermediary), which evaluates and sets lighting control parameters.

Intelligent Ballasts

This fluorescent retrofitting market is an enormous one: Fluorescent lighting represents three-quarters of all commercial office lighting7. While intelligent, electronic units account for 65% of all ballasts sold currently, they represent only approximately 3% of the installed base of fluorescent ballasts. While the company is most focused on implementing its LMCS by retrofitting existing fluorescent lighting solutions with its intelligent iB-100 ballasts, Lumenergi's solutions are also capable of managing and controlling LED lighting solutions by interfacing with third-party LED drivers. Unlike the conventional lighting control architecture wherein non-intelligent ballasts are controlled by centralized control panels (intelligence resides exclusively at the core of the control network), Lumenergi’s architecture distributes intelligence to its ballasts on the periphery. These intelligent ballasts have embedded control intelligence capability: they hold control data, execute control features (on/off, dimming) themselves, and interface directly with the centralized management server (via a controller intermediary), which evaluates and sets lighting control parameters. Some unique features of the iB-100 ballasts include:

• This is the only dimmable ballast in the market that can address one to three lamp deployments of T8 linear fluorescent lamps with a single product model, providing great flexibility, reducing stocking costs and eliminating installation mistakes. The iB-100 Light Driver supports 1-3 T8 lamps at 32 watts and 2 T8 lamps at 17 watts.

• Program start with patent-pending heater controls for longer lamp life and superior energy savings.

• Wiring scheme similarity to non-dimming ballast reduces installation mistakes.

7 US Energy Information Administration Report, “Lighting in Commercial Buildings” Published 4/2009.

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Sensors

The company has two sensor devices, used to implement two specific cost-saving measures, occupancy sensing and daylighting, respectively:

• OS-D-101 Direct Connect Occupancy Sensor • PS-P-100 Active Analog Photosensor

The sensors can be powered locally (known as "local connectivity") from the iB-100 ballast directly, thereby reducing the costs of installation by eliminating the need of having to run a dedicated, home run AC power line to drive these peripheral devices.

Exhibit source: Lumenergi marketing materials. LMCS Remote Servers and Controllers

In addition to intelligent ballasts, the LMCS solution consists of two elements, Servers and Controllers. The LMCS Server:

• The company’s Remote Server is the “brains” of the LMCS solution. • The Remote Server sets and stores all system settings and parameters, including attributes for

zones, fixtures, sensors, zone controllers and scene controllers; it is responsible for communicating all of this information to the localized LMCS Controllers.

• The Remote Server resides onsite (in the customer's data center) and supervises, monitors and controls every connected LMCS Controller.

• Web, desktop client, and mobile device interfaces available. The LMCS Controller:

• Within each control zone, the LMCS Controller can vary lamp brightness over a continuous range from 0% to 100%. In lamp zones where photosensors are also installed, the LMCS Controller periodically samples the measured illumination within the zone and adjusts accordingly to provide the appropriate light levels. LMCS Controller, in conjunction with the LMCS Remote Server, dynamically maintains a fluid but preset lighting level range regardless of variations within the space.

• For purposes of redundancy, each LMCS Controller has a stand-alone microprocessor that enables it to function independently of any other LMCS Controller and the Remote Server.

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• Intelligent lighting system compatible with wide range of ballasts and switches. The company's LMCS is capable of controlling other vendors' intelligent ballasts.


The company's centralized LMCS Remote Server distributes control parameters to the LMCS Controllers, which store this information and communicate it directly with iB-100 ballasts and sensors. Service Delivery


The Lumenergi system is capable of communicating to a BAS through BACnet. Through this communication, occupancy sensors' data can made available to the HVAC or security systems.

Key Customers Phillip Burton Federal Building and U.S. Courthouse (San Francisco, CA) and Ronald V. Dellums Federal Building and U.S. Courthouse (Oakland, CA).

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LUTRON ELECTRONICS

www.lutron.com Headquarters: Coopersburg, PA Privately Held Joel and Ruth Spira founded Lutron Electronics Company, Inc. in 1961. Lutron's first product was called a "dimmer switch" and represented the world's first solid-state electronic device used to dim lights in a home.

Product Line Overview Lutron's lighting control solution architecture for corporate offices can broadly be classified based on the following distinctive characteristics:

• Wired; all control connections are physically wired. • Ballast-based; Lutron has embedded monitoring technology inside its intelligent, linear

fluorescent lighting ballasts. These ballasts communicate directly with the centralized management server, which evaluates and sets lighting control parameters.

Lutron produces both Residential and Commercial lighting control systems. This report focuses on their commercial solution -- EcoSystem -- that works in conjunction with their Quantum "total light management" centralized server. EcoSystem Components EcoSystem Ballasts

Unlike the conventional lighting control architecture wherein non-intelligent ballasts are controlled by centralized control panels (intelligence resides exclusively at the core of the control network), Lutron’s architecture distributes intelligence to its ballasts on the periphery. These intelligent ballasts hold control data, execute control features (on/off, dimming) themselves, and interface directly with the centralized management server (via a bus intermediary), which evaluates and sets lighting control parameters. The company’s T5, T8, and CFL fluorescent lighting ballasts have embedded control intelligence capability. These ballasts are connected via low voltage wiring to the EcoSystem Bus (located in the electrical wiring closet); this bus allows for two-way communication with sensors, switches, and the Quantum core control solution. These ballasts execute control functionality accordingly to rules set by the company’s Quantum management software. They are capable of delivering continuous, flicker-free dimming, with brightness ranging from 10% to 100%. Further, these ballasts are able to provide power for locally-positioned switches, sensors, and zone controllers, thereby eliminating interfaces, powerpacks, and long conduit runs; this serves to reduce installation times. EcoSystem Bus

An Ecosystem bus, enclosed in the company’s Lighting Hub, typically resides in the electrical wiring closet and aggregates the low voltage connections to the intelligent control ballasts. A single bus will aggregate a system of up to 64 ballasts. Any infrared (IR) receiver, sensor, or wall control connected to a ballast can communicate with any or all fixtures on the bus.

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The Quantum Lighting Hub is an integration point for Lutron EcoSystem buses and power supplies. The hub interfaces directly, over an Ethernet connection, with the centralized Quantum management console. Lighting technologies supported: linear (T5, T8) and compact (CFL) fluorescents, LEDs, and incandescents. Sensors & Switches

Lutron offers a full suite of switches, sensors (occupancy, daylight, and IR Receiver) and zone controllers. These switches, sensors, and zone controllers can be powered directly from the intelligent ballast. Further, ballast-connected sensors and switches are directly linked into the control network and can therefore communicate with the company’s centralized lighting management console. Quantum Software and Database

Quantum is the company’s core monitoring and control software application. The software application enables users to configure, control, and monitor their lighting infrastructure. o The heart of the Quantum solution is Q-Admin, software that allows facility managers to manage

their electric light and daylight for maximum energy efficiency, comfort, and productivity. From a central location, a facility manager can control not only electric lights and shades but also configure, monitor, analyze, and report on the light in an entire building or campus. Furthermore, a facility manager can provide controlled access to Q-Admin to other users.

o Q-Manager is the dedicated computer that runs Q-Admin and stores all relevant data (light levels, sensor status, power consumption, alert tracking, etc). Q-Manager connects into the Quantum system over a dedicated Ethernet network.

o Quantum Green Glance is software displayed on an LCD or plasma screen that provides a real-time display of electricity used for lighting, and the power savings that Quantum delivers. Green Glance can demonstrate energy savings over months, weeks or days, as well as in terms of pounds of CO2 emissions or number of trees saved.

Personal, Local Control

Individuals can use the company’s hand-held personal transmitters to adjust the brightness of the EcoSystem fluorescent light available to their individual workspaces. The hand-held transmitter requires no PC, network, or server installation. The personal transmitter introduces no IT support or information security issues; it uses Lutron-specific IR codes to adjust light levels.


Lutron’s wired fluorescent ballasts, switches, and sensors feed a centralized bus (often resident in an aggregating hub) which feeds into the Quantum centralized server. Service Delivery


The Lutron system is compatible with existing building automation systems through its BACnet interconnection gateway. This allows Lutron’s EcoSystem to work together with existing security, HVAC, and other building management systems to provide the appropriate lighting for every situation.

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Key Customers • Technology: Ebay, Microsoft, Cisco, RIM, Boeing, AMD • Financial: Goldman Sachs, GE, Bloomberg, Bank of America, Wachovia • Pharmaceuticals: GSK, Pfizer, Genzyme, Novartis, Bristol Myers Squibb • Energy: AEP, Southern California Edison, Exelon, Hess Corp • Profiled companies: New York Times, Cira Centre (Philadelphia), HSBC (Mexico City), AIA (San

Francisco)

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PHILIPS – DYNALITE AND LIGHTOLIER CONTROLS

www.lighting.philips.com Headquarters: Amsterdam, The Netherlands • Dynalite – www.dynalite-online.com (Sydney, Australia) • Lightolier Controls - www.lolcontrols.com (Carrollton, TX) Public company Philips is leading player in the lighting industry, and, in addition to its own line of products, has made a couple recent acquisitions to expand its product offering in lighting control. In 2009, Philips purchased Dynalite, a lighting control leader, with an end-to-end, software-based suite of products. In 2008, Philips acquired Lightolier Controls when it purchased the Genlyte Group; Lightolier brings additional sensor, switching, and dimming functionality to the overall Philips solution.

Product Line Overview Philips’ lighting control solution architecture for commercial offices – consisting of elements from both Dynalite and Lightolier – can be broadly classified based on the following distinctive characteristics:

• Wired; all control connections are physically wired. • Distributed, controller panel-based; Philips’ centralized management server

distributes lighting control intelligence directly to Load Controller Panels (for dimming, switching, and ballast control), sensors, and switches throughout the network.

Dynalite Offering As part of the complete Philips lighting control solution, Dynalite delivers the core intelligence and infrastructure, while Lightolier (discussed later) provides the peripheral network control features. Load Controller Panels

Dynalite uses a wide range of software and Load Controllers to enable energy savings, monitoring and control. Philips-Dynalite Load Controller Panels, resident in the electrical wiring closet, provide a range of lighting control functions: on/off switching, dimming (for both ballasted fluorescent and non-ballasted incandescent lighting), and ballast control. All of these Load Controller Panels – as well as all sensors (occupancy, light) and switches (see our Lightolier discussion below) -- are networked together over a RS-485 network running the company’s proprietary DyNet communications protocol. The company’s Network Bridge provides all DyNet RS-485-connected devices with access to the DLight III centralized management console resident on the Ethernet data network. Therefore, lighting control parameters set at the DLight III core software platform (discussed below) are communicated directly to Load Controllers, sensors, and switches, whereupon they are implemented. Lighting technologies supported: The Philips-Dynalite system is UL listed to control any ballasted or incandescent lighting load. The company can monitor fluorescent, HID, Incandescent, and LED lighting at 120/277/347 VAC (including mixed load capability).

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DLight III Server

Philips-Dynalite’s core software control platform, DLight III, allows users to easily design, edit, and maintain operating files for the lighting control network; these files are then dynamically programmed into the Controller Panels, whereupon they are executed. An add-on module, DLight III MapView, adds control network and luminaire mapping functionality.

Exhibit source: Philips marketing materials.

Architecture

The Philips-Dynalite DLight III server distributes intelligence directly to all lighting control network elements – including Load Controller Panels, sensors, and switches -- that use this intelligence to control and manage luminaires. Onsite, Customer Hosted Solution

The Philips-Dynalite solution is offered exclusively as an onsite, customer-hosted solution. Integration with other Building Automation Systems

The Dynalite system can be integrated into existing third-party Building Automation Systems via its Integration Module, that slides into the company’s DLight III Server. This module enables connection into BAS systems through the following interfaces: BACnet, DCOM, and DDE. Lightolier Controls Offering While the Dynalite offering serves as the core of the lighting control system (with its DLight III software-based management console and its Load Controller Panels), the Lightolier product offering instruments the periphery of the control network. Lightolier has a robust line of switches, dimmers, occupancy (IntelliSight) sensors, light sensors, and linear/compact fluorescent dimming ballasts (PowerSpec, Mark 7).

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These peripheral lighting monitoring and control solutions can be integrated directly into the aforementioned Dynalite control network by way of a RS-485 network running the company’s proprietary DyNet communications protocol.

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SCHNEIDER ELECTRIC, SA

www.schneider-electric.com and www.schneider-electric.com\buildings Headquarters: Rueil-Malmaison, France Public company The Schneider Electric Group is a global specialist in energy management. With its Building Management Systems (BMS), Schneider’s Electric Buildings business unit established the concept of “Open Integration Systems for Building IT”. The company’s open, standards-based technology enables customers to integrate heating and cooling, access control, security monitoring, ventilation, fire and smoke control, and lighting across enterprises (see figure below). This approach reduces training and maintenance costs, increases energy savings, and adds value by collecting and sharing vast amounts of pertinent facility and financial data; this helps its customers run more profitable buildings. Today, the Buildings Business of Schneider Electric has more than 8,000 employees and over 1,000,000 installations, across 80 countries worldwide; it has surpassed revenue of $1.8 billion.

Product Line Overview The Schneider Electric lighting control solution architecture is based on that of its complete BMS product offering, easing integration with other Schneider Electric products. The company’s solution can be broadly classified based on the following distinctive characteristics:

• Wired; all control connections are physically wired. • Distributed, control panel-based; Schneider’s lighting control software distributes

intelligence to lighting control panels which interface with connected fixtures, sensors, and switches.

Schneider Electric offers a very comprehensive approach to building management –from HVAC, security, power, and fire, to the more specialized lighting area. However, our review to follow will be confined to the lighting control portion of its BMS solution.

Exhibit source: Schneider marketing materials.

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Exhibit source: Schneider marketing materials.

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BMS Centralized Management Platforms

Andover Continuum and TAC Vista are the company’s core, centralized software platforms. They provide full integration of environmental control as well as facility and energy management in a single software package, which allows users to customize for any building management application. Based on Modbus, BACNet, and LonWorks (standardized control-over-powerline technology from Echelon) technology, both BMS platforms create control solutions that fit seamlessly with other open architecture products for complete interoperability. Powerlink Lighting Control Panelboards

Powerlink lighting control panelboards reside in the electrical wiring closet, bridging the gap between the centralized BMS software platforms and lighting fixtures. Powerlink lighting control panelboards utilize motorized circuit breakers, providing integrated relay (on/off) and dimming functions. They integrate easily into Schneider Electric building automation systems using BACnet or Modbus communications on MSTP or TCP/IP. Occupancy Sensors

The company offers a comprehensive set of intelligent, occupancy sensors. Schneider Electric C-Bus Control Systems

The companies C-bus offering consists of distributed controls that are specifically designed to share data without the need for a central processor. Keypads, touchscreens, occupancy sensors, relays, and dimming modules all share data on a single Cat-5 cable, eliminating the need for a central host processor.


A representative BMS architecture is shown for the Andover Continuum in the exhibit above. The BMS connects and communicates with control panels that the use this intelligence to control and manage fixtures and sensors on the periphery of the network. Onsite, Customer Hosted Solution

Schneider Electric’s solution is offered as an onsite, customer-hosted solution.

Key Customers High profile lighting control customers include: The Smithsonian, Federated Department Stores, General Motors, and Hewlett-Packard.

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UNIVERSAL LIGHTING TECHNOLOGIES

www.unvlt.com Headquarters: Nashville, TN Universal Lighting Technologies is a global leader in the design and manufacture of high-efficiency lighting ballasts and control systems. Universal Lighting Technologies is a wholly owned subsidiary of Panasonic Electric Works, Ltd., (PEW) and part of the Panasonic family of companies.

Product Line Overview Demand Control Lighting (DCL) System Controls, by Universal Lighting Technologies (ULT), is a complete and robust suite of lighting control solutions for commercial offices. ULT’s lighting control solution architecture can be broadly classified based on the following distinctive characteristics:

• Wireless; more specifically, Universal’s solution requires no incremental, low-voltage control wiring; all control commands (from the DCL Control Panel to the intelligent ballast resident on the luminaire) occur over the existing powerline network.

• Distributed, l ighting control unit-based; more specifically, ULT’s control software distributes lighting control parameters to a Lighting Control Unit. This Lighting Control Unit, in turn, implements these parameters through communication with the company’s intelligent DEMANDflex ballasts (installed on fluorescent fixtures) and third-party sensors (occupancy and light).

Exhibit source: Universal Lighting Technologies marketing materials.

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We have profiled the core elements of ULT’s lighting control solution. Lighting Control Unit / System Controller

Universal’s Lighting Control Unit (a.k.a. Lighting System Controller) is the “brain” of the DCL control system, responsible for communicating and setting parameters for all of the other elements of the lighting control solution. o Circuit controllers resident in the Control Panels execute the commands derived from a Lighting

Control Unit. Control Panels are responsible for interfacing with the company’s DEMANDFlex ballasts and controlling the performance of the luminaires themselves.

o The Lighting Control Units collect relevant information from third-party sensors (light and occupancy) and switches; they can also communicate directly with the building’s energy management system.

o Lighting control units can also be connected directly to the internet for external control by a remote location or as part of a demand response system. Multiple configurations can be developed to meet the specific requirements of the facility.

DCL Control Panels

The company's DCL Control Panels dim and monitor lighting in accordance with parameters set by the Lighting Control Unit. The DCL Control Panels are situated between the lighting circuit panel (which controls on/off switching) and the company’s DEMANDflex intelligent, fluorescent ballasts, adding control intelligence into the system. Universal’s Control Panels – each of which supports a total of 12 circuits -- currently support one zone per circuit, meaning that all ballasts on any given circuit are treated similarly. However, since each circuit has its own controller, each circuit can operate at a unique power level. This increases the flexibility of the lighting control system to maximize savings in one location without affecting the lighting in other parts of the facility. Note: the company will release a solution that will support three zones per circuit in the near future; this will further increase the range of control options. Rather than having to run a low-voltage connection wire between the Control Panel and ballast for control functionality, the Control Panels use existing power lines to communicate control functionality to the DEMANDFlex intelligent ballast. This is a distinguishing, cost-saving feature of Universal Lighting’s offering; by communicating over the existing power lines there is no need for expensive re-wiring of an existing building or the additional cost in new construction. The company’s DCL Control Panels have integral relays and are capable of monitoring and providing ON/OFF control to both DCL and non-DCL loads. Dimming commands are sent exclusively to DCL loads. DEMANDflex Ballasts

Unlike the conventional lighting control architecture wherein non-intelligent ballasts are controlled entirely by centralized control panels (intelligence resides exclusively at the core of the control network), Universal’s architecture distributes intelligence to its ballasts on the periphery. These intelligent ballasts have embedded control intelligence capability: they hold control data, execute control features (on/off, dimming) themselves, and interface directly with the centralized management server (via a controller intermediary), which evaluates and sets lighting control parameters. The company’s intelligent DEMANDflex ballasts, resident in the linear fluorescent fixtures themselves, can function on their own or as an element in the complete DCL solution:

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o DEMANDFlex ballasts on their own. DEMANDflex ballasts can deliver lighting control functionality on their own, even without any other component of the DCL solution being installed. DCL intelligent ballasts can be tuned at the circuit levels to run at specific light output levels -- ranging from 50-100% of maximum power levels -- during installation. This is a static control solution (meaning that these settings cannot be dynamically changed), but it delivers immediate energy savings to the customer. Many customers begin using the DEMANDflex ballasts on their own, later transitioning to the complete DCL solution (discussed next).

o DEMANDFlex ballasts as part of the complete DCL solution. Once the intelligent ballasts are integrated as part of a complete DCL solution (with Control Panels and a System Control Unit), the potential lighting control scenarios multiply as luminaire settings become dynamic, as set by the Lighting Control Unit. Powerline communications between the Control Panels and ballasts are encoded to prevent signaling problems experienced by some previous powerline-based lighting control solutions. As mentioned above, DEMANDflex ballasts can be controlled through the existing power line, eliminating the need for separate control wires; this speeds installation time and reduces up-front costs.

Sensors and Switches

The company relies on third-party vendors for sensor and switch functionality. Centralized Control Software

Universal offers several types of lighting control units spanning a range of applications. Basic units monitor contact closures and send programmed commands to the DCL Control Panels. Others provide various features including daylight harvesting and astronomical time-based scheduling. Future solutions will provide networking functions for multiple DCL systems, extended use of photo sensors, and more granular control of each lighting circuit. Many of the company’s customers are already building custom Lighting Control Units with features specifically designed for their own lighting projects. These units can communicate with the DCL Control Panels using either Universal’s DCL Protocol or Modbus protocol.


ULT’s software sets parameters in the Lighting Control Units; the Lighting Control Units, matching these parameters with sensory information derived from sensors, issue commands to Control Panels; Control Panels, in turn, communicate these commands over existing powerlines to the company’s intelligent DEMANDflex ballasts. Onsite, Customer Hosted Solution

ULT’s solution is offered exclusively as an onsite, customer-hosted solution. Integration with other Building Automation Systems

Universal will soon release additional System Control units facilitating integration into existing BACnet based Building Automation Systems.

Key DCL Customers Aramark (WearGuard-Crest Division), Ganahl Lumber, and Hy-Vee Grocery Stores.

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WATTSTOPPER

www.wattstopper.com Headquarters: Santa Clara, CA Member of the Legrand group of companies Founded in 1984, WattStopper has an exceptionally broad range of energy-efficient lighting control solutions for commercial and residential use. Product Line Overview WattStopper’s DLM (digital lighting management) lighting control solution architecture can be broadly classified based on the following distinctive characteristics:

• Wired; all management and control connections are physically wired. • Distributed, controller/control panel-based; WattStopper’s DLM system utilizes the

distributed intelligence of room and plug load controllers and/or lighting control panels which interface with connected occupancy sensors, daylighting sensors, wall switches and dimming switches. Networked DLM connects multiple rooms and/or panels together on a BACnet-compatible segment network that can encompass a floor, building, or entire campus.

Green wires represent the free topology local network in one room. Black and white wires represent a short section of the segment network used to connect multiple rooms for centralized control. Exhibit source: WattStopper marketing materials.

Some overall distinguishing features of the WattStopper offering include:

Easy installation, free-topology local network architecture. The company’s sensors and switches are connected to DLM room controllers or lighting control panels via Cat 5e cabling

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with RJ-45 connections (rather than conventional low voltage wiring). This speeds installation and reduces installation errors.

Plug load controllers. DLM plug load controllers allow automatic on/off control to be extended to connected wall receptacles, leveraging the control signal from the occupancy sensor or control panel to these loads. Given that plug loads are responsible for 14% of commercial offices’ total electricity consumption, this has the opportunity of yielding significant additional electricity cost savings beyond savings realized by controlling lighting.

Auto configuration for the most energy-efficient sequence of operation – called “Plug n’ Go”. Although all control parameters can be adjusted at any time, this feature reduces commissioning times. Simple “Push n’ Learn” programming facilitates customization, if needed.

Open protocol segment network builds on the bottom up architecture of the automatically configured local networks. Setup time is minimal, and DLM devices continue to operate even if the network connection is broken.

Room Controllers

DLM Room Controllers are the core, intelligent component of a DLM local network. Room Controllers are responsible for the following: • Recognizing and communicating with all devices (sensors, switches) on a local network, powering

sensors and switches, and establishing a sequence of operation based on the connected devices; • Switching (on/off) and dimming light fixtures, or switching controlled receptacles in accordance

with automatically configured parameters established by the room controller that are adjustable via a wireless configuration tool;

• Monitoring current consumption in real time for lighting and plug loads (LMRC-200 and -300 series, LMPL-201)

• Connecting directly to a DLM segment network (LMRC-300 series) Room controllers are wired directly to the J-Box, and distribute power to the attached fixtures. DLM devices connect to the local network via Cat 5e cabling with pre-terminated RJ-45 connectors using any configuration (free topology). Connection to a DLM segment network is from a single point on a local network via twisted pair, BACnet MS/TP wiring. Sensors and Switches

WattStopper has an exceptionally broad range of occupancy sensor (passive infrared, ultrasonic and dual technology), single and multi-zone on/off and dimming photosensor (light), and wall switch solutions, both in its DLM product line as well as individually available products. DLM sensors and wall switches feature IR (infrared) transceivers for two-way communication with wireless personal controls and an optional handheld wireless configuration tool. Occupancy sensor settings are shown on unique LCD displays and can be individually adjusted via pushbutton programming at the device. Settings can also be customized via the wireless configuration tool, PC-based software, or through the centralized segment network browser-based interface. LILM Lighting Control Panels

LILM Lighting Control Panels provide an alternative control method for areas such as exterior lighting and larger interior areas that are better suited to regularly scheduled on/off control of lighting due to predictable occupancy patterns or hours of operation. Recommended interior applications include office building lobbies, corridors, loading docks, school gymnasiums, common areas and hallways. Unlike Room Controllers, LILM Lighting Control Panels do not connect into a J-Box, but are typically located in a central location such as an electrical closet or mechanical room. They control lighting from

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the panel-based relays which can be grouped into as many as eight automation channels or grouped in any combination across multiple panels. LILM panels provide on/off switching and connectivity with occupancy sensors and switches over Cat 5e with RJ-45 connectors. Based on WattStopper’s Lighting Integrator platform, LILM panels feature individually replaceable heavy duty mechanically held latching relays. HDR relays have a 14,000 Amp SCCR rating and meet NEMA 410-2004 standard for withstanding electronic ballast loads. Centralized Management and Control

If centralized control is desired, DLM local networks and/or LILM control panels can easily connect to a DLM segment network via a Network Bridge. This is embedded in LILM panels, LMRC-300 series Room Controllers, and is available as a stand-alone module (LMBC-300). The latter facilitates integrating network connectivity into existing DLM installations. This connectivity enables administrators to schedule, monitor and adjust components on multiple connected DLM local networks from any PC using a browser-based interface served up by a Network Segment Manager. Using this convenient interface, users can easily adjust and maintain parameters for the lighting control network. As a result, commercial building managers can intelligently control how they want their lighting networks to perform. In addition to providing convenient centralized or remote access to control parameters, the solution allows managers to monitor real-time power consumption data and participate in demand response programs. Note that there is no historical performance data management or analysis in this solution currently; however, the company plans to add such functionality in the future.


WattStopper’s networked DLM solution is designed from the bottom up, building on the Plug n’ Go and Push n’ Learn functionality of each local network so that each device is already configured and operational when it is connected to the network. In a networked DLM configuration, the company’s centralized management solution distributes lighting control intelligence to controllers/control panels that use this intelligence to control and manage fixtures and sensors on the periphery of the network. Onsite, Customer Hosted Solution

WattStopper’s solution is offered exclusively as an onsite, customer-hosted solution. Integration with other Building Automation Systems

WattStopper’s networked DLM system supports robust integration into existing third-party Building Automation Systems (BAS) via BACnet MS/TP. Once a local room network is connected directly to the BACnet network via a Network Bridge (LMBC-300) or enhanced room controller (LMRC-300 series), DLM parameters are exposed as standard BACnet objects on the segment network, allowing an existing BAS management console to interface with all DLM lighting controls.

Key Customers High profile lighting control customers include: Kaiser Permanente, Phoenix Sky Harbor Airport, Target, and Wal-Mart.

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About Cleantech Approach

Cleantech Approach (www.cleantechapproach.com) is an independent research and advisory firm focused on devising sustainable technology-enabled strategies for municipalities, large property owners, and businesses. CTA’s research employs a unique mix of technology and financial analysis oriented toward identifying market-ready, financially-sound sustainable technologies and strategies. Visit our website and register in order to receive alerts re: the publishing of new reports. To offer comments and/or feedback, email us at: [email protected]. You can also follow us on Twitter (twitter.com/ctapproach) to see who we are following for industry news; check out links to what we believe are the most important developments in the cleantech industry; and most important, get notifications of the publication of new CTA reports as they become available.

CTA Lighting Control Report Authors: David Raezer, Tom Raezer, and Romahlo Wilson (www.cleantechapproach.com/about-us) Originally published May 2010 Republished with update in July 2010

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