converging technologies - İnovasyon · converging technologies inspired from dr. denis poussart...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Converging Technologies - İnovasyon · Converging Technologies Inspired From Dr. Denis Poussart Université Laval, Canada GE 301 Science, Technology and ... per cell, in contrast](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042308/5ed49b9cd4e15367bc745f1c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Converging TechnologiesInspired From Dr. Denis Poussart
Université Laval, Canada
GE 301 Science, Technology and Society
Ahmet S Ucer
![Page 2: Converging Technologies - İnovasyon · Converging Technologies Inspired From Dr. Denis Poussart Université Laval, Canada GE 301 Science, Technology and ... per cell, in contrast](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042308/5ed49b9cd4e15367bc745f1c/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
contents
• What• Why• How
• Where to• When
• But
![Page 3: Converging Technologies - İnovasyon · Converging Technologies Inspired From Dr. Denis Poussart Université Laval, Canada GE 301 Science, Technology and ... per cell, in contrast](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042308/5ed49b9cd4e15367bc745f1c/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Sample from news….
![Page 4: Converging Technologies - İnovasyon · Converging Technologies Inspired From Dr. Denis Poussart Université Laval, Canada GE 301 Science, Technology and ... per cell, in contrast](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042308/5ed49b9cd4e15367bc745f1c/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
First light for one-atom laser‘Physicists in the US have built a laser with a single atom for the first time. Jeff Kimble and colleagues at the California Institute of Technology made the device by trapping a cold caesium atom in an optical cavity. The one-atom laser produces nonclassicallight that could have applications in quantum information technology’
http://physicsweb.org/article/news/7/9/10
J McKeever et al. 2003, Nature pp. 425-268
![Page 5: Converging Technologies - İnovasyon · Converging Technologies Inspired From Dr. Denis Poussart Université Laval, Canada GE 301 Science, Technology and ... per cell, in contrast](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042308/5ed49b9cd4e15367bc745f1c/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Multilevel Memory Based on Molecular Devices
Chao Li et al. Applied Physics Letters,
2004, 84, pp. 1949-1951University of Southern California,
Center for Nanotechnology, NASA Ames Research Center
http://www.aip.org/enews/physnews/2004/split/676-2.htmlhttp://www.sciencemag.org/content/vol301/issue5641/index.shtml
‘Multilevel molecular memory devices are proposed and demonstrated for nonvolatile data storage up to three bits (eight levels) per cell, in contrast to the standard one-bit-per-cell (two levels) technology.’
“moletronics”
![Page 6: Converging Technologies - İnovasyon · Converging Technologies Inspired From Dr. Denis Poussart Université Laval, Canada GE 301 Science, Technology and ... per cell, in contrast](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042308/5ed49b9cd4e15367bc745f1c/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
‘Duke University researchers have used self-assembling DNA molecules as molecular building blocks called “tiles” to construct protein-bearing scaffolds and metal wires at the billionths of a meter, or nanoscale’
http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2003-09/du-ds092403.php
DNA-Templated Self-Assembly of Protein Arrays and Highly Conductive Nanowires
Science 2003, 301, pp.1882-1884Duke University
Yan et al.,
![Page 7: Converging Technologies - İnovasyon · Converging Technologies Inspired From Dr. Denis Poussart Université Laval, Canada GE 301 Science, Technology and ... per cell, in contrast](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042308/5ed49b9cd4e15367bc745f1c/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Carbon Nanotube* Enables Ultra High Performance Transistor
‘Corporation today announced development of a stable fabrication technology for Carbon NanoTube transistors. Through this development NEC verified that CNT transistors produced by using this fabrication technology attain more than 10 times greater transconductance than silicon MOS transistors’(September 19, 2003)
http://www.eedesign.com/silicon/OEG20030929S0083http://www.nec.co.jp/press/en/0309/1901.htmlDiscovered by Dr. Sumio Iijima in 1991
2002 Benjamin Franklin Medal in Physics *
![Page 8: Converging Technologies - İnovasyon · Converging Technologies Inspired From Dr. Denis Poussart Université Laval, Canada GE 301 Science, Technology and ... per cell, in contrast](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042308/5ed49b9cd4e15367bc745f1c/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
PAST
>Σsynergy
IT started to affect all other technologies
![Page 9: Converging Technologies - İnovasyon · Converging Technologies Inspired From Dr. Denis Poussart Université Laval, Canada GE 301 Science, Technology and ... per cell, in contrast](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042308/5ed49b9cd4e15367bc745f1c/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Mega Trend
convergence
Advances at the edge of traditional disciplinesConnections becoming the core of technology
![Page 10: Converging Technologies - İnovasyon · Converging Technologies Inspired From Dr. Denis Poussart Université Laval, Canada GE 301 Science, Technology and ... per cell, in contrast](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042308/5ed49b9cd4e15367bc745f1c/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Claude Monet, Fishing Boats Leaving the Harbor, Le Havre, 1874http://www.artchive.com/galleries/1874/74frm098.htm
![Page 11: Converging Technologies - İnovasyon · Converging Technologies Inspired From Dr. Denis Poussart Université Laval, Canada GE 301 Science, Technology and ... per cell, in contrast](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042308/5ed49b9cd4e15367bc745f1c/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Π
Convergence fuels convergence
http://www.kurzweilai.net/meme/frame.html?main=memelist.html?m=1#476
InfoNano
Bio…
PRESENT
![Page 12: Converging Technologies - İnovasyon · Converging Technologies Inspired From Dr. Denis Poussart Université Laval, Canada GE 301 Science, Technology and ... per cell, in contrast](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042308/5ed49b9cd4e15367bc745f1c/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
NanotechnologyBiotechnology
Information technology Cognitive science
NBICsometimes
NBICSWith Sociology
![Page 13: Converging Technologies - İnovasyon · Converging Technologies Inspired From Dr. Denis Poussart Université Laval, Canada GE 301 Science, Technology and ... per cell, in contrast](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042308/5ed49b9cd4e15367bc745f1c/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Converging Technologiesfor Improving Human Performance,2002
http://www.infocastinc.com/NBIC/nbichome.htmhttp://itri.loyola.edu/ConvergingTechnologies/http://cordis.europa.eu/search/index.cfm?fuseaction=lib.simpledocument&DOC_ID=78571191&CFID=10564696&CFTOKEN=73264088
NBIC Convergence 2004
Converging Technologies for a Diverse Europe, 2004
![Page 14: Converging Technologies - İnovasyon · Converging Technologies Inspired From Dr. Denis Poussart Université Laval, Canada GE 301 Science, Technology and ... per cell, in contrast](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042308/5ed49b9cd4e15367bc745f1c/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
What is the driver?
Why??
HOW
![Page 15: Converging Technologies - İnovasyon · Converging Technologies Inspired From Dr. Denis Poussart Université Laval, Canada GE 301 Science, Technology and ... per cell, in contrast](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042308/5ed49b9cd4e15367bc745f1c/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
There's Plenty of Room at the BottomAn Invitation to Enter a New Field of PhysicsAnnual meeting of the American Physical Society
29 December 1959
Richard P. Feynman(1918 - 1988, Nobel 1965)
1959Nano dateline …
![Page 16: Converging Technologies - İnovasyon · Converging Technologies Inspired From Dr. Denis Poussart Université Laval, Canada GE 301 Science, Technology and ... per cell, in contrast](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042308/5ed49b9cd4e15367bc745f1c/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Nano dateline …
Helmut Ruska had invented the Electronic Microscope
1929
1981 Gerd Binnig & Heinrich Rohrer invent the Scanning Tunelling Microscope (STM) at IBM in Zurich
Nobel Prize for physics1986
1986Eric Drexler publishes Engines of Creation: The Coming Era of Nanotechnology
1996Richard Smalley, Robert Curl & Harold Krotoawarded Nobel Prize for Chemistry for their discovery of a new Carbon molecule, the fullerene
![Page 17: Converging Technologies - İnovasyon · Converging Technologies Inspired From Dr. Denis Poussart Université Laval, Canada GE 301 Science, Technology and ... per cell, in contrast](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042308/5ed49b9cd4e15367bc745f1c/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Buckminster Fuller
Bucky-ball C60
http://www.chem.sunysb.edu/msl/fullerene.html
Fullerenes
0.7 x nM
ONE transistor of a Pentium IV is 180 nM wide
![Page 18: Converging Technologies - İnovasyon · Converging Technologies Inspired From Dr. Denis Poussart Université Laval, Canada GE 301 Science, Technology and ... per cell, in contrast](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042308/5ed49b9cd4e15367bc745f1c/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
![Page 19: Converging Technologies - İnovasyon · Converging Technologies Inspired From Dr. Denis Poussart Université Laval, Canada GE 301 Science, Technology and ... per cell, in contrast](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042308/5ed49b9cd4e15367bc745f1c/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
http://www.nano.gov/html/res/IntlFundingRoco.htm
3,024700%
2,367543%
1,535355%
825191%
687159%
559129%
423100%
Total (% of 1997)
~800~550~380110968370Other
849774697465270255190116USA
~800~720~465245157135120Japan
~650~400~225200179151126W. Europe
2004R200320022001 2000199919981997Region
R&D EXPENDITURE
![Page 20: Converging Technologies - İnovasyon · Converging Technologies Inspired From Dr. Denis Poussart Université Laval, Canada GE 301 Science, Technology and ... per cell, in contrast](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042308/5ed49b9cd4e15367bc745f1c/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Blending of tools
TrendsBlending of real and virtual
Blending of natural and synthetic
Smaller is more
Reverse engineering
![Page 21: Converging Technologies - İnovasyon · Converging Technologies Inspired From Dr. Denis Poussart Université Laval, Canada GE 301 Science, Technology and ... per cell, in contrast](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042308/5ed49b9cd4e15367bc745f1c/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Some converged technological outputs
http://www.artchive.com/galleries/1874/74frm098.htm
![Page 22: Converging Technologies - İnovasyon · Converging Technologies Inspired From Dr. Denis Poussart Université Laval, Canada GE 301 Science, Technology and ... per cell, in contrast](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042308/5ed49b9cd4e15367bc745f1c/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Design of a Nanomechanical Fluid Control Valve Based on Functionalized Silicon Cantilevers:Coupling Molecular Mechanics and Classical Engineering DesignSantiago Solares et al.Materials and Process Simulation CenterCalifornia Institute of Technology
http://www.wag.caltech.edu/nanovalve/
![Page 23: Converging Technologies - İnovasyon · Converging Technologies Inspired From Dr. Denis Poussart Université Laval, Canada GE 301 Science, Technology and ... per cell, in contrast](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042308/5ed49b9cd4e15367bc745f1c/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Hardware Feeds Biotech R&DOpen Source Biology …
1950 1970 1990 2010
0.001
0.1
10 Estimated Shortest Timeto Protein Structure
person / year
Redrawn fromRobert Carlson
The Pace and Proliferationof Biological Technologies
Biosecurity and Bioterrorism, 1, 2003
Year --> Hours
http://www.molsci.org/~rcarlson/http://www.spectrum.ieee.org/WEBONLY/resource/may01/spea.html
![Page 24: Converging Technologies - İnovasyon · Converging Technologies Inspired From Dr. Denis Poussart Université Laval, Canada GE 301 Science, Technology and ... per cell, in contrast](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042308/5ed49b9cd4e15367bc745f1c/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Conventional CMOStransistor
Molecular switch(benzene rings)
Gold
gold
carbon
nitrogen
hydrogen
oxygen
sulfur
Could it replace silicium?
Biological - like “transistor”
Scientific American, june 2000
![Page 25: Converging Technologies - İnovasyon · Converging Technologies Inspired From Dr. Denis Poussart Université Laval, Canada GE 301 Science, Technology and ... per cell, in contrast](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042308/5ed49b9cd4e15367bc745f1c/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
High Performance Computing, Modeling & Simulation Feed Biotech R&D
![Page 26: Converging Technologies - İnovasyon · Converging Technologies Inspired From Dr. Denis Poussart Université Laval, Canada GE 301 Science, Technology and ... per cell, in contrast](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042308/5ed49b9cd4e15367bc745f1c/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
![Page 27: Converging Technologies - İnovasyon · Converging Technologies Inspired From Dr. Denis Poussart Université Laval, Canada GE 301 Science, Technology and ... per cell, in contrast](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042308/5ed49b9cd4e15367bc745f1c/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
![Page 28: Converging Technologies - İnovasyon · Converging Technologies Inspired From Dr. Denis Poussart Université Laval, Canada GE 301 Science, Technology and ... per cell, in contrast](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042308/5ed49b9cd4e15367bc745f1c/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Artificial RetinaMachelle T. Pardue; Neal S. Peachey;
Sherry L. Ball; Alan Y. Chow;Jay I. Perlman; Evan B.
Stubbs, Jr.; Vince Y. Chow
http://www.optobionics.com/artificialretina.htmhttp://www.varrd.emory.edu/Tech-Transfer/retina.html
http://www.vitreoussociety.org/pr2001/abstracts/symposium-4.html
Synthetic organs
2 mm5000 photodiodes
5 millions cones120 millions rods
1 million axons
![Page 29: Converging Technologies - İnovasyon · Converging Technologies Inspired From Dr. Denis Poussart Université Laval, Canada GE 301 Science, Technology and ... per cell, in contrast](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042308/5ed49b9cd4e15367bc745f1c/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
http://www.nicolelislab.net/NLNet/Load/Papers/TechReview.pdfhttp://www.plos.org/downloads/plbi-01-02-carmena.pdf
Learning to Control a Brain-MachineInterface for Reaching and Grasping by PrimatesM. A. L. Nicolelis et al. Duke University
![Page 30: Converging Technologies - İnovasyon · Converging Technologies Inspired From Dr. Denis Poussart Université Laval, Canada GE 301 Science, Technology and ... per cell, in contrast](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042308/5ed49b9cd4e15367bc745f1c/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Grand Challenges for Computing Research Sponsored by the UK Computing Research Committee, with support from the
Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Counciland National e-Science Centre
http://www.nesc.ac.uk/esi/events/Grand_Challenges/index.html
- In Vivo <=> In Silico- Science for Global Ubiquitous Computing - Memories for Life - Scalable Ubiquitous Computing Systems - The Architecture of Brain and Mind - Dependable Systems Evolution - Journeys in Non-Classical Computation
![Page 31: Converging Technologies - İnovasyon · Converging Technologies Inspired From Dr. Denis Poussart Université Laval, Canada GE 301 Science, Technology and ... per cell, in contrast](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042308/5ed49b9cd4e15367bc745f1c/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Computers
21st CenturyTOOLS
Networks Nanotech
Biotech
Inspired from James Canton, Institute for Global Futures
![Page 32: Converging Technologies - İnovasyon · Converging Technologies Inspired From Dr. Denis Poussart Université Laval, Canada GE 301 Science, Technology and ... per cell, in contrast](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042308/5ed49b9cd4e15367bc745f1c/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Bits
21st CenturyBricks
Neurons Atoms
Genes
Inspired from James Canton, Institute for Global Futures
![Page 33: Converging Technologies - İnovasyon · Converging Technologies Inspired From Dr. Denis Poussart Université Laval, Canada GE 301 Science, Technology and ... per cell, in contrast](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042308/5ed49b9cd4e15367bc745f1c/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Computers
21st CenturyArchitecture
Networks Nanotech
Biotech
GenesBits
Neurons Atoms
Inspired from James Canton, Institute for Global Futures
![Page 34: Converging Technologies - İnovasyon · Converging Technologies Inspired From Dr. Denis Poussart Université Laval, Canada GE 301 Science, Technology and ... per cell, in contrast](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042308/5ed49b9cd4e15367bc745f1c/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Challenges of Converging Technologies
What is possible ? physics
What is implementable ? engineering
What is feasable ? economics
What is desirable ? social
And how to manage Complexity ?
far more
![Page 35: Converging Technologies - İnovasyon · Converging Technologies Inspired From Dr. Denis Poussart Université Laval, Canada GE 301 Science, Technology and ... per cell, in contrast](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042308/5ed49b9cd4e15367bc745f1c/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
http://theregus.com/content/28/26754.html
How to deal with complexity?
Do NOT touch these wires !
![Page 36: Converging Technologies - İnovasyon · Converging Technologies Inspired From Dr. Denis Poussart Université Laval, Canada GE 301 Science, Technology and ... per cell, in contrast](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042308/5ed49b9cd4e15367bc745f1c/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Systems of (Systems of Systems)
Complex SystemsSystems of Systems
• Huge number of elements
• Huge dynamic range (from sub-nano to macro)
• Huge range of elements (from devices to processes)
• Multiple scales in time and space
• Wide range of variables, hard, soft, symbolic
• Unclear boundaries
• Conflicting performance metrics
![Page 37: Converging Technologies - İnovasyon · Converging Technologies Inspired From Dr. Denis Poussart Université Laval, Canada GE 301 Science, Technology and ... per cell, in contrast](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042308/5ed49b9cd4e15367bc745f1c/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Systems of (Systems of Systems)
Complex SystemsSystems of Systems
• Behaviors emerge from dynamic interactionsbetween all components, as well as the environment
• Very hard to predict ( … impossible ?)
• Not amenable to classical reductionist analysis
![Page 38: Converging Technologies - İnovasyon · Converging Technologies Inspired From Dr. Denis Poussart Université Laval, Canada GE 301 Science, Technology and ... per cell, in contrast](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042308/5ed49b9cd4e15367bc745f1c/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Complex Systems• Stable and adaptable• Reliable and controllable• Persistent and dynamic• Deterministic and chaotic• Random and predictable• Ordered and disordered• Cooperative and competitive• Selfish and altruistic• Logical and paradoxical• Averaging and non-averaging• Universal and unique
In great need of new design methodologies
![Page 39: Converging Technologies - İnovasyon · Converging Technologies Inspired From Dr. Denis Poussart Université Laval, Canada GE 301 Science, Technology and ... per cell, in contrast](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042308/5ed49b9cd4e15367bc745f1c/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Redrawn from http://www.kurzweilai.net/articles/art0134.html?printable=1
19001800 2000
40 000
80 000
120 000
160 000
US Patents Granted
Exponential Growth of KnowledgeLaw of Accelerating Returns (Ray Kuzweil)
![Page 40: Converging Technologies - İnovasyon · Converging Technologies Inspired From Dr. Denis Poussart Université Laval, Canada GE 301 Science, Technology and ... per cell, in contrast](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042308/5ed49b9cd4e15367bc745f1c/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Where toRay Kurzweil
“Supercomputers will achieve one human brain capacity by 2010, and personal computers will do so by around 2020. By 2030, it will take a village ofhuman brains (around a thousand) to match $1000 of computing. By 2050, $1000 of computing will equal the processing power of all human brains on Earth.”
On the Singularity, 2002The Age of Spiritual Machines, 1999
http://www.kurzweilai.net/
Singularity
![Page 41: Converging Technologies - İnovasyon · Converging Technologies Inspired From Dr. Denis Poussart Université Laval, Canada GE 301 Science, Technology and ... per cell, in contrast](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042308/5ed49b9cd4e15367bc745f1c/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Bill Joy
‘Each of us has our precious things, and as we care for them we locate the essence of humanity. In the end, it is because our great capacity of caring that I remain optimistic we will confront the dangerous issues before us’.
Why the future doesn't need usWired, April 2000
http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/8.04/joy.html
http://www.kurzweilai.net/meme/frame.html?main=/articles/art0408.html
Center for Responsible NanotechnologyCenter for Responsible Nanotechnology
![Page 42: Converging Technologies - İnovasyon · Converging Technologies Inspired From Dr. Denis Poussart Université Laval, Canada GE 301 Science, Technology and ... per cell, in contrast](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042308/5ed49b9cd4e15367bc745f1c/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Singularity, can it be true?
What can prevent it?