cooperative operation of chemical-free energy storage...
TRANSCRIPT
Cooperative Operation of Chemical-free
Energy Storage System with Solar
Photovoltaic for Efficient and Resilient Power
Distribution in Buildings
Presented by:
Jin Guang-Yu
Jan 9, 2013
2 Why building roof-top solar PV becomes the choice?
Options of renewable energy for Singapore
Potential & Limitation
Ocean energy Limited potential, much of the coastal areas are used for ports, anchorage and shipping lanes
Hydropower Limited potential due to the unfavourable geographic conditions
Offshore wind energy Limited potential due to the unfavorable low average wind speed of 2-3 m/s.
Land-based wind energy Limited potential due to the low wind speed and expansive land cost
Land-based solar energy Limited potential due to the expansive land cost
Biofuel energy High potential
Building integrated PV (BIPV) High potential • Use the “useless” roof top or building façade • Coming down installation cost of the W/$ • 50% more solar irradiation than temperate countries • Associated infrastructure is ready
3 Issues, Solutions and Targets
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0:00 4:48 9:36 14:24 19:12 0:00
Pow
er (
kW)
Irra
dia
nce
(W
/m^2
)
Time
Daily solar irradiance and power output (Oct 02)
Irradiance (W/m^2) System Power (kW)
Grid failure time
Harmful fluctuation
Storage System
PV system
Building loads
Electrical meter
Grid
Issues
• Intermittent & wildly fluctuating solar power
• Interruption of solar generation caused by grid failure
Isolated loads
Normal loads
Cooperative operation
Solutions
• High performance storage system
• Redesign of the power distribution network
• Cooperative control
Targets
• Minimum impact to the grid
• Resilient & efficient power distribution network
Distribution network
4 Compare FEES with other Energy Storage & FR technologies Chemical battery
Fly wheel storage system (FEES)
Form of storage energy
chemical kinetic
Life span 3~10 Yr >20 Yr
Operating temperature range
narrow wide
Energy density high high (200 Wh/kg for carbon fibre)
Power density high 10 times higher
Impact to environment
Harmful Harmless
Maintenance moderate minimum
Recharge time 10*charge time
Seconds or minutes
Number of deep charge and discharge cycles
Up to 3,000 times
unlimited
Efficiency and cycle life comparison (source: http://www.electricitystorage.org/)
Source: http://www.electricitystorage.org/
Comparison of energy efficiency and lifetime
Comparison of per-cycle cost
5
Lift A
Service road lightings
Landscape and pergola lightings
Footpath lightings
Night Lightings
24hrs Lighting @ Basement
Booster Pump
Void deck, block signage and corridor lightings.
Isolated Network for Light but Critical Load
Emergency and Exit Lighting
The total backup power load of HDB common area network is 22 kW (source: Panasonic)
Isolated network
• Commercial/industrial buildings: emergency network with red on/off button
• Singapore HDB residential buildings: common area network
6 Case Study of Create Tower Building
22
Level 11 SinBerBest (11th floor, 1723 gsm)
Building attributes
Sector: University
Type: Offices & Laboratories
Size: 16-story with 2-level basement, 34,000 gsm
Roof top PV system
Capacity: 252x 230 Wp = 57.96 kWp
Inverter: SMA Sunny TriPower STP15000TL-10
Application: grid connected generation
BMS
Provider: Schneider
Systems under monitoring and control: • PV system, • lighting systems, • HVAC systems, • electrical metering systems
Load structure
Select loads: emergency loads, backup loads
Normal loads: lights, plug loads, etc.
7
dc-dc converter
Current and Proposed System Configurations
bidirectional dc-dc
converter
bidirectional dc-ac
converter
Critical load Normal load
Intelligent switches
+
-
+
-
+
-
dc breakers
transformer
Normal network
Resilient network
Control algorithm
dc-ac inverter
Critical load
Normal load
+
-
+
-
dc breakers
transformer
ac bus
en
ergy
Isolated network
Normal network
energy
energy
ac breakers
ac breakers
Current system configuration
Proposed system configuration
• Communication with utility Ancillary service Metering data Grid failure
utility
utility
Advantage Disadvantage
Straightforward design & control
No coordination between local PV and loads
PV’s production can be interrupted by the failure of the utility grid
Transmission energy loss
Risk of over-voltage which lead to grid failure
Harmful fluctuations of the feed in power
8
16.2% of energy saving
37.5% peak power curtailment
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90
120
150
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Po
we
r &
Lo
ad (
kW)
Time
Comparison of daily load profiles (kW)
PV power output (kW)
Total load w/o FEES+PV (kW)
Total load w FEES+PV (kW)
Measurement and Simulation
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Load
(kW
)
Time
Daily load profiles
selected load (kW)
normal load (kW)
Total load w/o FEES+PV (kW)
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PV
po
we
r (k
W)
& e
ne
rgy
(kW
h)
Sola
r ir
rad
iati
on
(W
/m^2
)
Axis Title
Solar irradiation & PV performance
Irradiance (W/m^2)
PV power output (kW)
PV energy output (kWh)
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400
800
1200
1600
2000
0:00 2:00 4:00 6:00 8:00 10:00 12:00 14:00 16:00 18:00 20:00 22:00 0:00
Ene
rgy
(kW
h)
Axis Title
Energy cosumption & production (kWh)
PV energy output (kWh)
Total energy consumption w/o FEES+PV (kWh)
Total energy consumption w FEES+PV (kWh)
*Building daily load profiles are estimated based on the measurement data of SinBerBest
9 Future Work
dc-dc converter
bidirectional dc-dc
converter
bidirectional dc-ac
converter
Critical load @ dc
Normal load @ ac
Intelligent switches
+
-
+
-
+
-
dc breakers
transformer
Normal network @
ac
Resilient network
@dc
Control algorithm
ac breakers
utility
Thermal storage system Incorporating
Combining
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Room Temperature
with thermal storage
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0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
1 4 7 10 13 16 19 22 25 28 31
Power
Temperature stabilization
Peak power curtailment
Future system configuration
Source: EMerge Alliance
10
Thank You