cop 10, buenos aires, 06 december 2004 unfccc mads bergendorff uic environmental advisor building on...
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COP 10, Buenos Aires, 06 December 2004UNFCCC
Mads Bergendorff
UIC Environmental Advisor
Building on the Railways’ environmental strengths
• Rail today is 3-10 times more
energy efficient than road transport
• Further improvement potential 20-50%
due to optimising of load and traffic
management
• Electric train operation is already 100%
compatible with Renewable Energy
sources e.g. hydro power
COP 10, Buenos Aires, 06 December 2004UNFCCC
• Rail today is the most energy efficient long-haul freight transport
• Rail freight is strong in North America, Russia, India, China, and Australia
• Rail freight is weak in Latin America, Europe and Africa
Building on the Railways’ environmental strengths (1)
COP 10, Buenos Aires, 06 December 2004UNFCCC
Australian Example: CO2 Emission
reductions in the railways• Through a voluntary CO2 reduction
program, Queensland Rail (QR) reduced its
baseline scenario with 486,000 tons of CO2
equivalents from 1998/99 to 2002/3 while
increasing its production.
Building on the Railways’ environmental strengths (2)
COP 10, Buenos Aires, 06 December 2004UNFCCC
Building on the Railways’ environmental strengths (3)
Northern American rail freight
in the lead• In the US and Canada more
than 40% of freight tonnage is
rail-based • Since 1980, the rail freight
operators increased production
with 62% and at the same time
increased energy efficiency with
71%! • Rail fuel savings equals to
375,000 households' petrol use
for their car.
COP 10, Buenos Aires, 06 December 2004UNFCCC
• Rail today is the most energy efficient form of passenger transport - but depending on use cases
• Passenger Rail is strong in Europe, Japan, Russia, India, and China.
• Passenger rail is weak in North and South America, Africa and Australia
Building on the Railways’ environmental strengths (4)
COP 10, Buenos Aires, 06 December 2004UNFCCC
Example: German Railways
(DB AG) initiated the project
“Energie Sparen”
• saved 10% energy from 2002 to
2003 by educating drivers to
drive more energy efficient
• Savings 8 M€ per year!
• DB AG reduced specific CO2
emissions 25% between 1990 to
2003 as part of an agreement
with the German government due
to the Kyoto commitment.
Building on the Railways’ environmental strengths (5)
Change in long-distance traffic [kWh/km]
01 07 10 12 01 07 10
- 10%
2002 2003
COP 10, Buenos Aires, 06 December 2004UNFCCC
www.uic.asso.fr/html/environnement/click on “External Effects of Transport”
Costs of climate
change from transport
is only one part of the
mobility equation:• Accidents• Local air pollution • Noise• Urban effects• Nature and landscape
COP 10, Buenos Aires, 06 December 2004UNFCCC
Average external costs: Passenger (EU15 year 2000)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Car Bus Rail Aviation
€ per 1000 pkm
Accidents NoiseAir Pollution Nature & LandscapeUp- and Downstream Processes Urban EffectsClimate change low scenario Climate change (difference low/high scenario)©INFRAS
76.0
37.7
22.9
52.5
COP 10, Buenos Aires, 06 December 2004UNFCCC
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
Road Freight Rail Aviation Waterborne
€ per 1000 tkm
Accidents NoiseAir Pollution Nature & LandscapeUp- and Downstream Processes Urban EffectsClimate change low scenario Climate change (difference low/high scenario)©INFRAS
87.8
17.9
271.3
22.5
Average external costs: Freight (EU15 year 2000)
COP 10, Buenos Aires, 06 December 2004UNFCCC
Conclusions
• Sustainable transport systems are needed in order to curb the GHG Emissions and achieve the Kyoto Protocol
• Modal shift towards railways and public transport would benefit society and environment serving the developing countries’ need for economic growth
• A level playing field reflecting true costs of transport for all modes
• Need for substantiate new rail infrastructure investments within the next 10-20 years starting now!
• True integration of planning, trade, transport and environment policies