cop1220/cgs2423 introduction to c++/ c for engineers professor: dr. miguel alonso jr. fall 2008
TRANSCRIPT
COP1220/CGS2423Introduction to C++/
C for Engineers
Professor: Dr. Miguel Alonso Jr.
Fall 2008
Outline
Why Program? Computer Systems: Hardware and Software Programs and Programming Languages What is a Program Made of? Input, Processing, and Output The Programming Process Procedural and Object-Oriented Programming
Why Program?
What does a computer do? It is useful because it can be programmed, or
told to do many different tasks. They are tools that make almost every
profession easier to do. A computer is a machine specifically
designed to follow instructions.
Why Program?
Programs are called software, or a set of instructions that tells a computer what to do.
Programs in the real world consist of the following: Logical flow of instructions Mathematical procedures Appearance on the screen The way the information is presented to the user The programs “user-friendliness” Manuals and other written documentation
Computer Systems: Hardware and Software
Starting out with C++, Pearson, (2006)
Computer Systems: Hardware and Software
Starting out with C++, Pearson, (2006)
Computer Systems: Hardware and Software
CPU: Controls the computer’s operations and performs arithmetic functions
Main Memory: Random Access Memory, or RAM, is the part of a computer that temporarily holds or stores information
Consists of cells and bits (a “switch” that can be a 0 or 1 Each Cell has 8 bits, or a byte. Each cell is assigned a location number called an
address.
Computer Systems: Hardware and Software
Other Devices
Secondary Storage: Hard Disk, USB Stick Input Devices: Any devices that help the
computer collect information from the outside world
Output Devices: Devices that presents the computer’s information to the outside world.
Software
Generally two categories of software in a computer: Operating system Application Software
Single Tasking Multi-Tasking Single-User Multi-User
Programs and Programming Languages
Computer Program: Set of instructions that tells a computer how to solve a problem or perform a task
Algorithm: A set of well defined steps for performing a task or solving a problem
A computer only understands 0’s and 1’s Programming Languages were invented to
ease the task of programming Examples of Languages: C/C++, C#, JAVA
Programming Languages Low Level vs High Level
Your very first program!
Source Code, Object Code, and Executable
What is a program made of?
Language Elements
Lines, Statements, and Variables
Line: single line as it appears in the body of the program (can be empty)
Statement: complete instruction that causes the computer to perform an action
Variable: named storage location in the computers memory for holding a piece of information. Usually stored in RAM.
Variable definition/declaration Not the same thing!
There are generally two types of variables: numbers and characters. Number: used to compute Characters: used for display