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"6 fffP f filrc-f'cqffl ri! 11lfqr t1-;rfn 1;-r;r,rv;?sccg *rirg fi-+l:' ff,, ,l ** !? --l? f.''.? 16\ tf5

RESOURCES FOR DIGGING DEEPER

ii6oao Ob.lU;rlno

CHAPTER 1: ToUGH QussfloNs ABour GoD

Geisler, Norman L. "God." Boker Ency.clopedio'of Christian Apologetics.Grand Rapids: Baker, L999.

Geisler, Norman 1., and Ronald M. Brooks. When Skeptics Ask: A

Hondbook of Christian Evidences. Grand Rapids: Baker: 1995.

http ://www. i m pa cta pologectics. com

http ://www norma n geisler.com

CHAPTER 2: ToUGH qUEsTtoNs ABoUT EvIt

Geisler, Norman L. "Evil." Baiker Encyclopedio of Christian Apologetics.

Grand Rapids: Baker, 1999.

"God and the Problem of Evil," "lf God, Why Evil?" The Problemof Evil," "What about Evil?" audiotapes available for purchase at theN orma n Ge isler website : http ://www norm ge isler.com

Philosophy of Religion. Grand Rapids: Bakel 1988. This book isout of print, but a bound copy of the book is available for purchase atthe Norman Geisler website: http://wwwnormgeisler.com

The Roots of Evil. Dallas: Probe, 1989. This book is out of print,

but a bound copy of the book is available for purchase at the NormanGeisle r webs ite : http ://www. norm ge isler.co m

Geisler, Norman 1., and Ronald M. Brooks. "Questions about Evil."Chapter 4in When Skeptics Ask. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1995.

Habermas, Gary. "Atheism and Evil: A Fatal Dilemma," audiotape

available for purchase at Norman Geisler website:htt p ://www. n o rm ge i s I e r. co m

Lewis, C. S. A Grief Observed. Reprint edition. San Francisco:HarperSanFrancisco, 2001.

rv

The Son Rises: Historical Evidence for the Resurrection of Jesus.Page 140. Chicago: Moody Press, 1981.

Greeleaf, Simon. The Testimony of the Evangelists. Grand Rapids: Baker,L994.

Habermas, Gary. The Verdict of History. Nashville: Nelson, 1988.

Kreeft, Peter and Ronald K. Tacelli. Hondbook of Christian Apologetics.Pages 48-88. Downers Grove, lll.: lnterVarsity Press, 1994.

Moreland, J. P. Scaling the Seculor Cify. Pages 152-53. Grand Rapids:Baker, 1987.

Strobel, Lee. The Cose for Christ Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1998.

The Cose for Faith. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2000.

Wilkins, Michael J., and J. P. Moreland, gen, eds. Jesus lJnder Fire:Modern Scholorship Reinvents the Historicol Jesus. Grand Rapids:

Zondervan, 1995.

CHAPTERS 6 nruo 7: ToUGH QuEsiloNs ABour rHE BTBLE

Blomberg, Craig L. The Historical Reliability of the Gospels. Downers

Grove, lll.: lnterVarsity Press, 1987.

Bruce, F. F. The New Testoment Documents: Are They Relioble? Downers

Grove, lll.: lnterVarsity Press, 1984.

Geisler, Norman L., ed. lnerrancy. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2001.

Geisler, Norman 1., and Thomas Howe. When Critics Ask: A Popular

Hondbook on Bible Difficulties. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1999.

Geisleq Norman 1., and William E. Nix. From God to lJs: How We Got OurBible. Chicago: Moody Press, 1974.

A General lntroduction to the Bible. Revised and expanded.Chicago: Moody Press, 1986.

Youngblood, Thomas 1., and Sandra P. Aldrich. The Bible Encounters: 27

Stories of Changed liyes. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2002.

rq

- fciJt pi.r,

The Problem of Pain. Reprint edition. San Francisco:HarperSanFrancisco, 2001.

Rhodes, Ron. "ls Evil an Apologetic against Christianity?" audiotape

available from the Ron Rhodes website: http://www.ronrhodes.org

Rood, Rick. "The Problem of Evil: How Can a Good God Allow Evil?" L996.Probe Ministries webiste: http ://www. probe.org

Stroy, Dan. Defending Your Foith. Nashville: Nelson, 1992.

Yancey, Philip. Disappointment with God. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1997.

Where ls God When lt Hurts? Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2001.

CHAPTER 3: ToUGH QuEsTtoNs ABoUT ScIENcE

Behe, Michael. Darwin's Block Box. New York: Free Press, 1995.

Denton, Michel. Evolution: A Theory in Crisis. Bethesda, Md.: Adler &Adler, 1985.

Johnson, Phillip E. Dorwin on Triol. Downer's Grove, lll.: lnterVarsity

Press, 1991.

Thaxton, Charles 8., Walter L. Bradley, and Roger Olsen. Ihe Mystery ofLife's Origin. New York: Philosophical Library, 1984.

Thaxton, Charles B., and Nancy R. Pearcey. The Soul of Science. Wheaton,

lll.: Crossway, L994. \.'

White, Andrew Dickson. A History of the Warfare of Science withTheology in Christendom. 2 vols, Reprint edition. Maclean, Va.:

I ndyPu blish.c om, 2O02.

CHAPTERS 4 AND 5: ToUGH QuEsTIoNs ABoUT CHRIST

Copan, Paul, ed. Will the Reol Jesus Pleose Stond Up: A Debote Between

William Lone Croig and John Dominic Crossan, Grand Rapids: Baker,

1999.

Craig, William Lane. Reosonoble Foith. Revised edition. Page 251.

Wheaton, lll.: Crossway, 1994.

:

rEA

Miller, Elliot. A Crash Course on the New Age Movement. Grand Rapids:

Baket 1993.

Reisser, Paul C., Teri K. Reisser, and John Weldon. New Age Medicine.

Downers Grove, lll.; lnterVarsity Press, 1987.

Rhodes, Ron. Ihe Chollenge of the Cults and'New Religions. GrandRapids: Zondervan, 2001.

Schaeffer, Francis A. Complete Works.5 vols. Second edition. Wheaton,

lll,:Crossway, 1985.

I'o I l'o.

- fcillpiDf,

CHAPTERS S lruo 9: Touex QuEsiloNs ABour EASTERN RELrGroNs AND

PRACTICES

Clark, David K., and Norman L. Geisler. Apologetics in the New Age: A

Christion Critique of Pantheism. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1990.

Geisler, Norman L. Folse Gods of Our lime. Eugene, Ore.: Harvest House,198s,

Groothuis, Douglas R, Confronting the New Age. Downers Grove, lll.:

lnterVarsity Press, 1988.

Reveoling the New Age./esus. Downers Grove, lll.: lnterVarsity

Press, 1990.

Unmasking the New Age. Downers Grove, lll.: lnterVarsity Press,

1986.

Guinness, Os. Ihe Dust of Death: The Sixties Counterculture and How ltChanged America Forever, revised edition. Wheaton, lll.: Crossway,

1994.

Humphreys, Christmas. The Buddhist Woy of Life. New Delhi:

HarperCollins, 1993.

Johnson, David L. A Reosoned Look At Asion Religions. Minneapolis:

Bethany House, 1985. (Langley, Myrtle. World Religions. Reprint edition. Wheaton, lll.: Chariot/

Victor. 1993.

Lewis, C. S. Mere Christionity. Reprint edition. San Francisco:

HarperSanFrancisco, 2001.

The Problem of Pain. Reprint edition: San Francisco:

HarperSa n Francisco, 2001.

Mangalwadi, Vishal. When the New Age Gets Old. Second edition.

Downers Grove, lll.: lnterVarsity Press, 1992.

McDowell, Josh, and Don Stewart. Hondbook of Todoy's Religions.

Nashville: Nelson, 1983.

l

NOTES

OtrlslLo

CHAPTER 1

ToUGH quEsiloNs ABour GoD

1. Of course, the actual amount of energy remains constant; only theusable amount is decreasing.

2. Robert Jastrory God and the Astronomers (New York: WW. Norton,1978), 15-L6.

3. David Hume, The Letters of Dovid HLtme, vol. 1, ed. JYT. Greig(Oxford : Clarendon, 1932), 787 .

4. David Hume, Enquiry Concerning Human Understonding, ed. Chas,W. Hendel (New York: Liberal Arts, 1955), 165-66.

5. C. S. Lewis, The Abolition of Man (New York: Macmillan, 1947),69.

6. C. S. Lewis, The Problem of Pain (New York: HarperCollins,200l,reprint; first published, L9941, Lzo.

CHAPTER 2

TOUGH QUESTIONS ABOUT EvIL

1. Cited by Lee Strobel, (messagedelivered at Saddleback Valley Community Church, El Toro,

California, 26 February 2000).

2. Ken Boa and Larry Moody, l'm Glad You asked (Colorado Springs:Victor, 1994), 129.

3. Norman L. Geisler, Baker Encyclopedia of Christian Apologetics(Grand Rapids: Baker, 1999),220.

4. Geisler; Baker Encyclopedia of Christion Apologetics,220.

5. Millard J. Erickson, lntroducing Christion Doctrine (Grand Rapids:Baker, 1996), 138-39.

I ols

25. Harold Kushner, When Bod Things Happen to Good People (NewYork: Schocken, 1981), 134.

26. Kushner, When Bad Things Hoppen,43.

27. Boa and Moody, l'm Glod you Asked, !27.

28. Mary Baker Eddy, Miscellaneous Writinjs (Boston: Christian SciencePublishing Society, 1896), 27 .

29. Emily Cady, lessons in Truth (Kansas City, Mo.: Unity School ofChristianity, L941), 35.

30. Ernest Holmes, Whot Religious Science Teoches (Los Angeles: Scienceof Mind Publications, L974l1, L3.

31. Walter Martin, The Kingdom of the Cults (Minneapolis: BethanyHouse, L997),40-41.

32. David Spangleri Revelation: The Birth of a New Age (Middleton, Wis.:Lorian, 1976),1,3.

33. Rabi Maharaj, "Death of a Guru: The Personal Testimony of RabiMaharaj," Christion Reseorch Newsletter 3, no. 3 (1990), 2.

34. David Gershon and Gail Straub, Empowerment: The Art of CreatingYour Life as You Want /f (New York: Delta, 1989), 35.

35. Gershon and Straub, Empowerment,35.

36. Shirley Maclaine, cited in Douglas Groothuis, 'A Summary Critique,"book review of lt's All in the Playing,in Christion Reseorch Journal(Fall 1987):28.

bit"A in Douglas Groothuis, 'A Summary Critiquei' 28.

Gary Zukav, The Seat of the Soul (New York: Simon and Schuster,

1989), 45.

See Norman L. Geisler, The Root of Evil (Dallas: Probe, 1989);

C. S. Lewis, The Geot Divorce (New York: MacMillan, 1945); and C. S.

Lewis, Ihe Problem of Pain (New York: HarperCollins ,zOOt, reprint;first published, 1940).

37.

38.

fao IoE

- faiJl

"r-nn6. Erickson, lntroducing Christian Doctrine, 139.7. Norman L. Geisler and Ronald M. Brooks, When Skeptics Ask

(Wheaton, lll.: Victor; 1990), 59-60.

8. Boa and Moody, l'm Glod you Asked, L22.

9. Cited in Erickson, lntroducing Christian Doctrine,138-39.

10. Robert Morey, The New Atheism and the Erosion of Freedom(Minneapolis: Bethany House, 1986), 153.

'l 1. Morey, The New Atheism,153.

12. Paul E. Little, Know Why You Believe (Downers Grove, lll.: lnterVarsityPress, 1975),81.

13. Little, Know Why You, Believe, SL.

14. Geisler and Brooks, When Skeptics Ask,73.

15. Cited in Little, Know Why You Believe,87.

16. Boa and Moody, l'm Glod You Asked, L3L.

'17. Norman L. Geisleer and Jeff Amanu, "Evil," in New Dictionory ofTheology, ed. Sinclair B. Ferguson and David F. Wright (Downers

Grove, lll.: lnterVarsity Press, t9881,242.

18. Rick Rood, "The Problem of Evil: How Can a Good God Allow Evil?"( 1995), Probe M in istries website : http://www.probe.org

19. Boa and Moody, l'm Glod You Asked, !33.

20. Cited in Dan Stroy, Defending Your Faith (Nashville: Nelson, 1992),771-72.

21. Geisler and Brooks, When Skeptics Ask,73.

22. Geisler and Brooks, When Skeptics Ask,64-65.

23. Little, Know Why You Believe,87.

24. Story, Defending Your Faith, L76-77.

(

10. Arthur Eddington, The Expanding Universe (New York: Macmillan,

L9331,724.

11. Eddington, The Expanding Universe, !78.

12. For discussion see my "Naturalism and Cosmology," in Naturolism:

A Critical Appraisal, ed. Wm. L. Craig and J,P. Moreland, Routledge

Studies in Twentieth-Century Philosophy (London: Routledge, 2000),

2L5-52.

13. Stephen Hawking, A Brief History of Time (New York: Bantam, 1988),

L40-47.

14. Arthur Eddington, Spoce, Time, and Grovitotion, reprint. ed.(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987), 48,

15. Eddington, Spoce, Time, and Grovitotion, L8!.

16. Stephen Hawking and Roger Penrose, The Nature of Spoce and

Time,The lsaac Newton lnstitute Series of Lectures (Princeton, N.J.:

Princeton University Press, 1996), 3-4,L27.

17. See John D. Barrow, Theories of Everything (Oxford: Clarendon,

1991),67-68.

18. Hawking and Penrose, The Nature of Spoce ond Time,20.

19. Andrei Linde, who thinks that Steinhardt's model "is plagued by

numerous unsolved problems," complains that the cyclic/ekpyrotic

scenrario is "very popular among journalists" but "rather unpopular

among scientists" ("Cyclic Universe Runs into Criticism," Physics

World lJune 20021, 8).

20. J. M. Wersinge4 "Genesis: The Origin of the Universei' NotionolForum (winter L995),9,12. Wersinger himself apparently tries to

avold the absolute origin of the universe from nothing by appeal to

a vacuum fluctuation, an idea that has been shown untenable, as I

explain in the article referred to in note 19.

21. John Barrow, The World Within the World (Oxford: Clarendon,1988).

l'oV

-

go.iJIpio t,40. Geisler and Amanu, "Evil," 242,

41. Geisleq Boker Encyclopedia of Christion Apologetics,222.

42. Erickson, lntroducing Christion Doctrine, 147-42.

43. Gary R. Habermas and J. P. Moreland, lmmortolity: The Other Side ofDeoth (Nashville: Nelson, 1992), 185.

Cxeprrn 3

ToUGH QuEsrroNs ABour Scrrucr

1. Andrew Dickson White, A History of the Worfare of Science withTheology in Christendom,2vols., reprint ed. (New York: Dover,

1s60).

2. Charles B. Thaxton and Nancy R. Pearcey, The Soul of Science(Wheaton, lll.: Crossway, 1994).

3. Loren Eiseley, "Francis Bacon," in The Horizon Book of Mokers ofModern Thought (New York: American Heritage, L972),95-96.

4. Loren Eiseley, Dorwin's Century (Garden City, NY.: Doubleday, 1961),62.

5. Freeman J. Dyson, "ls God in the Lab?" The New York Review ofBooks,28 May 1998, 8.

6. C. P. Snow, "The Two Cultures," in The Two Cultures and a SecondLook (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1969).

7. Victor Weisskopf, "Frontiers and Limits of Science," Alexander vonHumboldt Stiftung: Mitteilungen 43 (March 1984): 1-11; cf. a similar

paper by the same author in American Scientist 65 (L9771:4O5.

8. John Barrow and Frank Tipler, The Anthropic Cosmological Principle(Oxford : Cla rendon, 1986), 442.

9. Quentin Smith, "The Uncaused Beginning of the Universe," inWilliam Lane Craig and Quentin Smith, Theism, Atheism, ond Big

Bang Cosmology (Oxford: Clarendon, 1993), 120.

f o'l

CHAPTER 4

ToUGH QuEsiloNs ABour CHRrsr

1. For a description of the specific evidence that convinced me of Jesus'deity, see Lee Strobel, The Case for Christ (Grand Rapids: Zondervan,1998), and Lee Strobel, The Case for Foith \Grand Rapids: Zondervan,2000).

2. For a more detailed discussion of their approach, see Michael J.Wilkins and J. P. Moreland, eds., Jesus under fire: Modern ScholorshipReinvents the HistoricolJesus (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1995),

especially chapters 1 and 5.

3. For a brief history of the distinction between the Jesus of historyand the Christ of faith, see Norman L. Geisler, Boker Encyclopedio ofChristion Apologetics (Grand Rapids: Baker; 1999), t4L-42.

4. Richard N. Ostling, "Who was Jesus Christ?" Time L5 August 1988.

5. Cited in Strobel, The Case for Christ,22-25.

lrenaeus, Adversus haereses 3.3.4.

Hank Hanegraaff, "The Search for Jesus Hoax," Christion Reseorch

Journol 23, no.2 (200L), L4.

8. Cited in Strobel, The Cose for Foith, 737, L39.

9. Simon Greenleaf , The Testimony of the Evongelrsts (Grand Rapids:Baker, 1994), vii.

10. See Strobel, The Cose for Christ,99.

11. Norman Geisler and Thomas Howe, When Cristics Ask (Wheaton, lll.:Victor, 1992),385.

12. Cited in Strobel, The Cose for Christ,97.

13. Clifford Wilson, Rocks, Relics, ond Biblicol Reliability (Grand Rapids:Zondervan,1977),L2O.


l'o{

6.

7.

- foiJtpiD t,

22. Paul Davies, "God and Time Machin es," Books and Culture (March/April2002\,29.

23. John C. Polkinghorne, Serious Talk: Science and Religion in Dialogue(London: SCM Press, 1996),6.

24. I owe this insight to the philosopher of science Robin Collins.

25. Ludwig Boltzmann, Lectures on Gos Theory, trans, Stephen G. Brush(Berkeley: University of California Press, 1964), 446-48.

26. Fred Hoyle and Chandra Wickramasinghe, Evolution from Spoce(New York: Simon & Schuste6 L98L),24.

27. Charles B. Thaxton, Walter L. Bradley, and Roger Olsen, Ihe Mysteryof Life's Or4qin (New York: Philosophical Library, L984).

28. Francis Crick, "ln the Beginnin g...," Scientific American (February199L), L25.

29. Nathan Aviezel ln the Beginmng (Hoboken, NJ: KTAV publishing

House, 1990).

30. Phillip E. Johnson, Darwin on Triol (Downer's Grove, lll.: lnterVarsityPress, 1991). The intelligent Design movement, whose leadersinclude William Dembski, Stephen Meyer, Paul Nelson, MichaelBehe, and Jonathan Wells, emphasizes the need for intelligentagency behind biological complexity, while remaining neutral onissues of interventionism (creationism) and theism (God).

31. Michael Denton, Evolution: A Theory in Crisis (Bethesda, Md.: Adler& Adler, 1985), chapters 8-9.

32. Barrow and Tipler, The Anthropic Cosmologicol Principle,561-G5.

33. Barrow and Tiple4 The Anthropic Cosmologicol Principle, !33.

34. Michael Behe, Darwin's Block Box (New York: Free press, L996).

35. For Behe's response to critics, see Michael Behe, "The Modernlntelligent Design Hypothesis: Breaking Rules," Philosophia Christi 3,no. 1 (200L), 165-79).

ToA

33. William Lane Craig, Reasonable Foith,rev. ed. (Wheaton, lll.:Crossway, 7994), 25L.

34. Cite in Strobel, The Case for Christ,135-36.

35. James D. G. Dunn, Jesus ond the Spirit (London: SCM Press, 1975),60, cited in Craig, Reasonable Faith, 250.

36. Royce Gruenler, New Approoches to Jesus ond the Gospels (Grand

Rapids: Baker, L9821, 7 4.

CHAPTER 5

MoRE TOUGH QUESTIONS ABOUT CHRIST

'1. John Scott, Basic Christionity (Downers Grove, lll.: lnterVarsity Press,t9641,26.

Carl Sagan, Cosmos (New York: Ballantine, 1993), 4.

Charles Templeton, Farewell to God (Toronto: McClelland & Stewart,

1996),21.

Richard Dawkins, "Snake Oil and Holy Water" (available at

htt p ://www.fo rb es. co m/a sa p / 99 / 7O0 a235. ht m I ).

John Dominic Crossan, Jesus: A Revolutionory Biogrophy lSan

Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco, 1994), 95.

Robert W. Funk, Roy W. Hoover, and The Jesus Semina r, The Five

Gospe ls (San Francisco: Ha rperSan Francisco, L9931, 2.

For a summary of these arguments, see Norman L. Geisler, Eoker

Encyclopedio of Christian Apologetics (Grand Rapids: Baker; 1999),

275-83. For twenty arguments in favor of God's existence, see Peter

Kreeft and Ronald K. Tacelli, Handbook of Christian Apologetics

(Downers Grove, lll.: lnterVarsity Press, 1994), 48-88.

Geisle4 Boker Encyclopedia of Christion Apologefics, 450.

Gary Haberm as, The Historicol Jesus (Joplin, Mo.: College Press,

1es6).

2.

3.

8.

9.

7.

rll r1.

- fq.iJtpir t o

15. J. P. Moreland, Scoling the Seculor City (Grand Rapids: Baker, 1987),.1s2-s3.

16. Moreland, Scaling the Secular City, L54.

17. Moreland , Scaling the Seculor City, !48.

18. Moreland,Scoling the Secular City, 1.49. For examples of creedsand hymns, see Romans 1.: 3-4; lCorinthians 11: 23-26; 75:3-8;Philippians 2:6-tt; Colossians 1: 15-18; lTimothy 3: 16; 2Timothy2:8.

19. Moreland, Scaling the Seculor City, 149.

20. See A. N. Sherwin-White, Romon Society and Romon Law in the NewTestoment (Grand Rapids: Baker, L978) 186-93.

21. Frederic Kenyon, Hondbook to the Textual Criticism of the NewTestament (New York: Macmillan, 1972),5.

22. Frederic Kenyon, The Bible ond Archoeology (New York: HarpelL94O),288.

See Strobel, The Cose for Christ,38-54.

H. R. Macintosh, The Person of Jesus Chrisf (Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark,

L9t3\,2.

Cited in John N. Akers, John H. Armstrong, and John D. Woodbridge,gen. eds., This We Believe (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2000),64.

William Lane Craig, The Son Rises: Historical Evidence for theResurrection of lesus (Chicago: Moody Press, L981), 140.

27. Cited in Akers, Armstrong, and Woodbridge, This We Believe, 65.

28. See Akers, Armstrong, and Woodbridge, This We Believe,64.


30. Strobel, The Cose for Christ,134.

31. Strobel, The Case for Christ, 736.

32. Strobel, The Cose for Christ,137.

23.

24.

25.

26.

26.

27.

Bertrand Russell, "What ls an Agnostic?" Look magazine, 3

November 1953, cited in Strobel, The Cose for Foith, L4t.

Cited in Strobel, The Case for Foith,1,4L.

Alfred Edersh eim, The Life ond Times of Jes.us the Messiah (Grand

Rapids: Eerdmans, L9721, 760.

Norman L. Geisler and Ronald M. Brooks, When Skeptics Ask

(Wheaton, lll.: Victor, 1990), 115.

Geisler, Bo ke r E n cy cl o p e d i o of Ch r i sti a n A p o I og eti cs, 611.

Geisler and Brooks, When Skeptics Ask, LL4-L5.

See Peter W. StoneL Science Speaks (Chicago: Moody Press, 1969).

Cited in Storbel, The Cose for Christ,783.

Cited in Storbel, The Case for Christ,1,84.

Cited in Storbel, The Case for Faith, L35.

Geisler, Boker Encyclopedio of Christion Apologeh'cs, 615.

Cited in Ruth Rosen, ed., Jewish Doctors Meet the Greot Physician

(San Francisco: Purple Pomegranate , L9971,34.

Gary Habermas and Antony Flew, Did Jesus Rise from the Dead? (San

Francisco: Harper & Row, 1987), xi.

Cited in Ross Clifford, ed., The Case for the Empty Tomb: Leoding

Lawyers Look ot the Resurrection (Claremont, Calif.: Albatross, 1991),

LL2.

Cited in William D. Edwards et al., "On the Physical Death of Jesus

Christ," Journol of the Americon Medical Associotion (21 March

1986): 1463.

John A. T. Robinson, The Humon Foce of God (Philadelphia:

Westminster, 1973), t3L, cited by William Lane Craig in Willthe Real

Jesus Please Stond Up? A Debote Between Williom Lane Craig and

John Dominic Crosson (Grand Rapids: Baker, 1998), 27.

28.

29.

30.

31.

32.

33.

34.

35.

36.

37.

38.

39.

40.

rlP rtr

- foiJl pilabr,

10. R. T. France, "The Gospels as Historical Sources for Jesus, theFounder of Christianity," Truth 1 (1985): 86,

Cited in Lee Strobel, The Case for Chrisf (Grand Rapids: Zondervan,1998),27.

Cited in Lee Strobel, The Cose for Faith (Grand Rapids: Zondervan,2000),68-69.

13. See Michael J. Wilkins and J. P. Moreland, eds., Jesus Llnder Fire:Modern Scholorship Reinvents the HistoricolJesus (Grand Rapids:

Zondervan, 1995), t29.

Cited in Lee Strobel, The Case for Foith,68.

See Wilkins and Morelan d, Jesus under Fire, 73L.

See: Stephen T. Davis, "The Miracle at Cana: A Philosopher's

Perspective," in David Wenham and Craig Blombereg, eds., The

Miracles of Jesus (Sheffield: JSOT, 1986), 429, cited in Wilkins and

Moreland, Jesus under Fire, L3L.

See Sanhedrin 43a.

Cited in Lee Strobel, The Case for Faith, L36.

See Gary Habermas, The Verdict of History (Nashville: Nelson, 1988),

to7.

The Acts of Pilate to which Justin Martyr referred is not the same

as the apocryphal work by that name - a fictitious piece written

centuries after Pilate lived, but which unfortunately has been cited

by some well-meaning but ill-informed Christians as being authentic.

Templeton, Forewell to God,112.

Cited in Lee Strobel, The Cose for Christ,749.

Cited in Wilkins and Morelan d, Jesus under Fire, 133.

Cited in Wilkins and Morelan d, Jesus under Fire, 134.

11.

12_

14.

15.

16.

17.

18.

19.

21.

22.

23.

24.

20.

7.

B. B. Warfield,lnspirationalond Authority of the Blble (philadelphia:

Presbyterian & Reformed, tg48l, 299.

See Norman L. Geisler and Thomas Howe, When Critics Ask (Grand

Rapids: Baker, 1992), 15-26.

Howeve4 Luke could have been referring to the canonical gospels ofMatthew and Mark, which could have been earlier than Luke.

See F. F. Bruce, The New Testoment Documents: Are They Retiable?(Downers Grove, lll,: lnterVarsity Press, 19G0); Craig Blomberg, IheHistoricol Reliobility of the Gospels (Downers Grove, lll,: lnterVarsityPress, 1987).

There were nine if one of the other eight did not write Hebrews.

See Colin Hemer, The Book of Acts in the Setting of Hellenic History(Winona Lake, lnd.: Eisenbrauns, 1990).

See Hemer, The Book of Acts.

See Richard N. Ostling, "Jesus Christ, plain and Simple,,, Time,lOJanuary 1994,32-33.

Robert Funk, "Opening Remarks," Foundotions and Focets Forum 7,no. L (March 1985): 12.

Funk, "Opening Remarks", 7.

Cited in Hemer, The Book of Acts,8.

See Edwin Yamauchi, "Easter: Myth, Hallucination, or History?,,Christianity Todoy,29 March 1974.

See Hemer, The Book of Acts.

See John A. T. Robinson, Redating the New Testoment (London: SCMPress, 1976).

Craig L. Blomberg, The Historical Reliability of the Gospels (Downers

Grove, lll.: lnterVarsity Press, 1987).

L

9.

10.

11.

12.

't3.

14.

15.

16.

17.

18.

I"lo

- faiJl ptDtto

41. Cited in Wilkins and Moreland, Jesus lJnder Fire, L65.

42. Cited in Strobel, The Case for Christ,230.

43. John Drane, lntroducingthe NewTestoment (San Francisco: Harper &Row, 1986),99.

44. See Strobel, The Cose for Christ,22O.

45. Cited in Strobel, The Case for Christ,22O.

46. See Strobel, The Case for Christ,234.

47. See Strobel, The Cose for Christ,238-40.

48. Cited in Strobel, The Cose for Christ, t2L.

49. Carl Braaten, History ond Hermeneutics, vol.2 of New Directions inTheology Todoy, ed. William Hordern (Philadelphia: Westminster,

7966),78.

50. J. P. Moreland, Scoling the Seculor City (Grand Rapids: Baker, 1987),779-80.

51. C. F. D. Moule, The Phenomenon of the New Testomenf (London:scM, 1967), 3,

52. Cited in John N. Akers, John H. Armstrong, and John D. Woodbridge,gen. eds., This We Believe (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2000), 108-9.

CHAPTER 5

TOUGH QuEsTIoNs ABoUT THE BIBTE

1. See Norman L. Geisler and William E. Nix, A General lntroduction tothe Bible (Chicago: Moody Press, 2000), part L.

For more on inerrancy, see Norman L. Geisler; ed., lnerroncy (Grand

Rapids: Zondervan, 1980).

For more, see Norman L. Geisler, Systemotic Theology (Minneapolis:

Bethany House, 2001), volume 1.

2.

rtE

5. Ruth Montgomery, A Gift of Prophecy (New york: Morrow, 1965), viii.6. See Geisle[ Boker Encyclopedio of Christion Apologetics,

"Nostradamus."

7. John Ankerberg, Cult Wotch (Eugene, Ore.: Harvest House, 1991),340.

8. Cited in James Randi, The Mask of Nostrodomus (Amherst, N. y.:Prometheus, 1993),31.

9. Cited in Andre Lamonl, Nostrqdamus Sees All (Philadelphia: W.Foulsham, 79431,71.

10. Lamont, Nostrodamus Sees All,7L.

11. While the book of Moses teaches that there is only one God, theBook of Abraham affirms that there are many gods, A comparisonof the two reveals the former saying, "1, God," or "1, the Lord God,',while the latter affirms "the Gods" or "they [the Gods]" (cf. Book ofMoses 2: 7, t0,25;3:8 [an extract of several chapters from Genesisin the Joseph Smith Translation of the Biblel with Book of Abraham4:3, 10,25; 5: 8). By 1844 Smith came to believe that "God himself,who sits in yonder heavens, is a man like unto one of yourselves,

that is the great secret... I am going to tell you how God came to beGod... God himself; the Father of us all dwelt on an earth the sameas Jesus Christ himself did... You have got to learn how to be Godsyourselves. No man can learn [sic] you more than what I have toldyou" (cited in John Taylor, ed., Times ond Seosons [periodical of theChurch ofJesus Christ Latter Day Saintsl, 5: G13-14).

12. For a more detailed discussion, see Norman L. Geisler and WilliamE. Nix, 4 General lntroduction to the Bible, revised and expanded(Chicago: Moody Press, 1-986), partZ,

13. For these and other citations, see Geisler and Nix, A GeneralI ntrod u cti on, cha pter 16.

'14. See Geisler and Nix, A Generol lntroduction, chapter 16.

r 1v rt't

- fo.iJlpio tlo

19. Gary Habermas, The Historicol Jesus: Ancient Evidence for the Life of

Chrisf (Joplin, Mo.: College Press, 1995).

20. Simon Greenleal A Treotise on the Low of Evidence (Boston: C. C.

Little & J. Brown, 1842).

21. Simon Greenleaf, The Testimony of the Evongelists (Grand Rapids:

Baker, 1984 [reprint of 1874 edition]), 53-54.

22. Greenleaf , The Testimony of the Evongelists, 46.

29. A. T. Robertson, An lntroduction to the Textuol Criticism of the New

Testo me nt (Nashvi lle: Broadma n, L925), 22.

CHAPTER 7

ToUGH QUESTIONS ABOUT THE BIBLE, FALSE PROPHETS, AND THE HOLY

BooKs oF OTHER RELIGIONS

1. For a more complete discussion of the evidence that the Bible is theWord of God, see Norman L. Geisler, Baker Encyclopedio of Christian

Apologetics (Grand Rapids: Baker, 1999), especially the many articles

under "Bible,..."

2. See Geisler, Boker Encyclopedia of Christian Apologefics, "Bible,Evidence for."

3. ln the context of speaking of "seventy years" (Daniel 9:2), Danielpredicted that the "Anointed One" (the Messiah) would be cut off

(die) after he worked to "put an end to sin, to atone for wickedness,

to bring in everlasting righteousness, to seal up vision and prophecy"

(verse 24). The time of this was to be 483 years after the command

to rebuild Jerusalem (given in 445/444 B.C.). But these are Jewish

lunar years of 350 days (12 months ilmes 30 days a month). So, by

multiplying the five extra days per year times 483, one gets more

than six years on top of the 477 (444 B.C. plus A.D' 33), which equals

483 years. This is precisely A.D. 33, the year Jesus died in Jerusalem.

4. See Geisler, Baker Encyclopedia of Christian Apologehcs, "Prophecy,as Proof of the Bible."

23. See, e.g., Norman L. Geisler and Ronald Brookds, When Skeptics Ask(Grand Rapids: Baker, 1989); Norman L. Geisler and Thomas Howe,

When Critics Ask (Grand Rapids: Baker, 1999); Norman. L. Geislerand Ron Rhodes, When Cultists Ask (Grand Rapids: Baker, 1997);

and Norman L. Geisler, Boker Encyclopedio of Christian Apologetics(Grand Rapids: Baker, 1999),

CHAPTER 8

TOUGH QUeSTIorus ABoUT HINDUISM AND TRANSCENDENTAI MEDITATIoN

1. For further reading, see Os Guinness, The Dust of Death: The SixtiesCounterculture ond How lt Chonged America Forever, revised edition(Wheaton, lll.: Crossway, 1994).

2. Ravi Zacharias, Cries of the Heart (Nashville: W Publishing Group,2002),

3. Francis A. Schaeffer, Francis A. Schaeffer Trilogy [The God Whols There; He ls There and He ls Not Silent; Escope from Reosonl(Wheaton, lll.: Crossway, L990).

CHAPTER 9

TOUGH QUuSTIorus ABoUT YoGA, REINCARNATIoN, AND BUDDHIsM

1. Bharat Thakur, 'A Master Responds," Time magazine, Asia, L6 July2001.

2. C. S. Lewis, Mere Christianlty (SanFrancisco: HarperSanFrancisco,reprint edition, 2001), 38-39.

rlq rtA

16.

17.

18.

19.

- fGillpi.D t,

Roger Beckwith, The Old Testament Conon in the New Testoment

Church and lts Bockground in Eorly Judoism (Grand Rapids:

Eerdmans, L986\,427.

See Geisler and Nix, A Generol lntroduction, chapter 15.

See Geisler and Nix, A General lntroduction, chapters 16 and 17.

See Geisler and Nix, A Generol lntroduction,43L.

Some inspired books are referred to by different names but are

contained in the sixty-six inspired books that make up the Bible.

These include (1) the letter from Elijah contained in 2Chronicles

2L L2-15; (2) the contents of the records of Samuel, Nathan the

prophet, and Gad the seer (1-Chronicles 29 29), which parallel that

of l and 2 Samuel; (3) the "vision of the prophet lsaiah" (2Chronicles322 32), which are probably the same as the book of lsaiah; (4)

the other accounts of the life of Jesus (Luke 1: 1), which may refer

to Matthew and Mark (or to some nonexistent but noninspired

records); (5) the "letter from Laodicea" (Colossians 4: 16), which may

have been Ephesians, written at the same time to be circulated; and

(6) a letter to the Corinthians (1 Corinthians 5r 9), which may refer

to lCorinthians, a device known as an "epistolary aorist," which

stressed the urgency ofthe message, a device Paul used elsewhere

in the same letter (lCorinthians 9: 15). So there is no evidence any

inspired apostolic work is missing from the New Testament.

20. See Keith Marston, Missionory Pol: Reference Guide for Missionories

ond Teochers (Salt Lake City: Publisher's Press, I976),26.

21. See N. L. Geisler and Thomas Howe, When Critics Ask (Grand Rapids:

Baker, 1992), for a response to these and hundreds of other alleged

errors in the Bible.

22. For example, The Book of Mormon teaches monogamy (Jacob 2:

23-211, but Joseph Smith later tought polygamy ("Doctrine and

Covena nts," L32: L-4, 37-39).

Other books by the Author

Beyond Opinion

Can Man Live Without God?

Cries of the Heart

Deliver us from Evil

Has Christianity Failed you?

l, lsaac, Take thee, Rebekah.

ls There Not A Cause?

Jesus Among Other Gods

New Birth or Rebirth

Recapture the Wonder

Sense and Sensuality

The End of ReasonThe Grand Weaver

The Lamb and the Fuhrer

The Lotus and The Cross

The Real Face of Atheism

There is A Plan

For more information, please contact:

[email protected]

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