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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Schwichtenberg, Holger.Essential PowerShell / Holger Schwichtenberg.

p. cm.ISBN 978-0-672-32966-1

1. Windows PowerShell (Computer programming language) 2. Command languages(Computer science) 3. Scripting languages (Computer science) 4. Systems programming(Computer science) 5. Microsoft Windows (Computer file) I. Title.

QA76.73.W56S39 2008005.4’2—dc22

2008020010

Copyright © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.

All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. This publication is protected by copy-right, and permission must be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction,storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechani-cal, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information regarding permissions, write to:

Pearson Education, IncRights and Contracts Department501 Boylston Street, Suite 900Boston, MA 02116Fax (617) 671 3447

ISBN-13: 978-0-672-32966-1ISBN-10: 0-672-2966-2

Text printed in the United States on recycled paper at RR Donnelley in Crawfordsville, Indiana.First printing June 2008

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Editor-in-ChiefKaren Gettman

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IndexerPublishing Works,Inc.

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CompositorNonie Ratcliff

PREFACE

Windows PowerShell is one of the most amazing products Microsoft hasreleased in recent years, because it brings console-based system adminis-tration and scripting to the next level of abstraction. PowerShell is an excel-lent replacement for classic Windows shell commands and for WindowsScript Host (WSH). PowerShell copies a lot of good features from UNIXshells and combines them with the power of the .NET Framework. Incontrast to WSH, PowerShell enables consistent, straightforward,command-line system administration that does not require much softwaredevelopment knowledge.

Unfortunately, in the first version of PowerShell, the number of high-level commands is limited. For many tasks, lower-level concepts arerequired, especially the .NET Framework and Windows ManagementInstrumentation (WMI).

What Does This Book Cover?

This book covers the standard PowerShell commandlets, additional freecommandlets (for example, PowerShell Community Extensions), and thedirect use of classes from the .NET Framework, the Component ObjectModel (COM), WMI, and the Active Directory Service Interface (ADSI).

Because PowerShell is an extensive topic, this book cannot provide anexhaustive reference of all PowerShell commands and solutions for all pos-sible administrative tasks. However, you will find a concise introduction tothe most common command and scenarios. For more detailed informationabout PowerShell, refer to the Microsoft documentation for PowerShell,WMI, ADSI, and the .NET Framework (approximately 100,000 pages) asan additional source.

xv

Who Should Read This Book?

The primary target audience comprises Windows administrators seeking amethod of automated system administration that is more powerful than theclassic Windows Shell but less complex than WSH and the associatedCOM components. After reading this book, administrators will be able touse PowerShell as their day-to-day command-line interface for all admin-istrative tasks.

As a prerequisite, aside a good knowledge of the Windows operationsystem, you should have a basic understanding of object-oriented pro-gramming languages. Basic concepts of object orientation such as classes,objects, attributes, and methods are not explained in this book.

How This Book Is Structured

This book is organized into 24 chapters, some of which, based on your pre-vious experience and knowledge of certain concepts, you might find easierto understand than others. The 24 chapters are split into two parts:

■ Part I: Getting Started with PowerShell. Part I introduces thePowerShell architecture, all basic concepts (such as pipelining andnavigation), the PowerShell Script Language, and the tools youshould know.

■ Part II: Windows PowerShell in Action. Part II coversPowerShell script solutions for day-to-day administrative tasksrelated to Windows services and Windows application, such as filesystem, processes, event logs, registry, networking, printers, docu-ments, databases, Active Directory, and software installation. Eachchapter contains dozens of self-contained examples.

The appendixes contain a list of all commandlets from PowerShell 1.0,the PowerShell Community Extensions 1.1.1, and the www.IT-Visions.dePowerShell Extensions 2.0. You will also find a short preview of the nextversion of Windows PowerShell (Version 2.0).

Throughout the text, you will find codes that match up to codes inAppendix C, “Bibliography.” These codes are encased in brackets (forexample, [MS01]). The appendix lists the code, the correlating subject, and

xvi Preface

a link that will provide you with more information.Occasionally, when a line of code is too long to fit on one line in the

printed text, a code-continuation character has been used to show that theline continues. For example

"{0} can be reached at {1}.

➥This information is dated: {2:D}." -f $a, $b, $c

This Book’s Website

Many of the scripts are available for download from its website,www.Windows-Scripting.com. This website also contains errata for thisbook and the option to offer feedback to the author.

Preface xvii

3

C H A P T E R 1

FIRST STEPS WITH WINDOWSPOWERSHELL

In this chapter:What Is Windows PowerShell? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Downloading and Installing PowerShell Community Extensions . . . . . . . . 16Testing the PowerShell Extensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18Downloading and Installing the PowerShellPlus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19Testing the PowerShell Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

This chapter introduces Windows PowerShell and helps you set up yourenvironment. In addition, the chapter provides a few easy examples thatdemonstrate how to use PowerShell.

What Is Windows PowerShell?

Windows PowerShell (WPS) is a new .NET-based environment forconsole-based system administration and scripting on Windows platforms.It includes the following key features:

■ A set of commands called commandlets■ Access to all system and application objects provided by Component

Object Model (COM) libraries, the .NET Framework, andWindows Management Instrumentation (WMI)

■ Robust interaction between commandlets through pipelining basedon typed objects

■ A common navigation paradigm for different hierarchical or flatinformation stores (for example, file system, registry, certificates,Active Directory, and environment variables)

■ An easy-to-learn, but powerful scripting language with weak andstrong variable typing

■ A security model that prevents the execution of unwanted scripts■ Tracing and debugging capabilities■ The ability to host WPS in any application

This book includes syntax and examples for these features, except thelast one, which is an advanced topic that requires in-depth knowledge of a.NET language such as C#, C++/CLI, or Visual Basic .NET.

A Little Bit of HistoryThe DOS-like command-line window survived many Windows versions inalmost unchanged form. With WPS, Microsoft now provides a successorthat does not just compete with UNIX shells, it surpasses them in robust-ness and elegance. WPS could be called an adaptation of the concept ofUNIX shells on Windows using the .NET Framework, with connectionsto WMI.

Active Scripting with Windows Script Host (WSH, pronounced“wish”) is much too complex for many administrators because it presup-poses much knowledge about object-oriented programming and COM.The many exceptions and inconsistencies in COM make WSH and theassociated component libraries hard to learn.

Even during the development of Windows Server 2003, Microsoftadmitted that it had asked UNIX administrators how they administer theiroperating system. The short-term result was a large number of additionalcommand-line tools included in Windows Server 2003. However, the long-term goal was to replace the DOS-like command-line window of Windowswith a new, much more powerful shell.

Upon the release of the Microsoft .NET Framework in 2002, manypeople were expecting a “WSH.NET.” However, Microsoft stopped thedevelopment of a new WSH for the .NET Framework because it foresawthat using .NET-based programming languages such as C# and VisualBasic .NET would require administrators to know even more about object-oriented software development.

4 Chapter 1 First Steps with Windows PowerShell

Microsoft recognized the popularity of and satisfaction with UNIXshells and decided to merge the pipelining concept of UNIX shells withthe .NET Framework. The goal was to develop a new shell that was sim-ple to use but nearly as robust as a .NET program. The result: WPS.

In the first beta version, the new shell was presented under the codename Monad at the Professional Developer Conference (PDC) in October2003 in Los Angeles. After the intermediate names Microsoft Shell (MSH)and Microsoft Command Shell, the shell received its final name,PowerShell, in May 2006. The final version of WPS 1.0 was released onNovember 11, 2006 at TechEd Europe 2006.

NOTE The main architect of WPS 1.0 was Jeffrey Snover. He is always willingto discuss his “baby” and answer questions. At large international Microsofttechnical conferences, such as the Professional Developer Conference (PDC) andTechEd, you can easily find him; he is the only person at the Microsoft boothswearing a tie.

Why Use WPS?If you need a reason to use WPS, here it comes. Just consider the follow-ing solution for one common administrative task in both the old WSH andthe new WPS.

An inventory script for software is to be provided that will read theinstalled MSI packages using WMI. The script will get the informationfrom several computers and summarize the results in a CSV file(softwareinventory.csv). The names (or IP addresses) of the computers tobe queried are read from a TXT file (computers.txt).

The solution with WSH (Listing 1.1) requires 90 lines of code (includ-ing comments and parameterizing). In WPS, you can do the same thing injust 13 lines (Listing 1.2). If you do not want to include comments andparameterizing, you need just one line (Listing 1.3).

Listing 1.1 Software Inventory Solution 1: WSH

Option Explicit

' --- Settings

Const InputFileName = "computers.txt"

Const OutputFileName = "softwareinventory.csv"

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(continues)

Listing 1.1 Software Inventory Solution 1: WSH (continued)

Const Query = "SELECT * FROM Win32_Product where not

➥Vendor like '%Microsoft%’"

Dim objFSO ' Filesystem Object

Dim objTX ' Textfile object

Dim i ' Counter

Dim Computer ' Current Computer Name

Dim InputFilePath ' Path for InputFile

Dim OutputFilePath ' Path of OutputFile

' --- Create objects

Set objFSO = CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject")

' --- Get paths

InputFilePath = GetCurrentPath & "\" & InputFileName

OutputFilePath = GetCurrentPath & "\" & OutputFileName

' --- Create headlines

Print "Computer" & ";" & _

"Name" & ";" & _

"Description" & ";" & _

"Identifying Number" & ";" & _

"Install Date" & ";" & _

"Install Directory" & ";" & _

"State" & ";" & _

"SKU Number" & ";" & _

"Vendor" & ";" & _

"Version"

' --- Read computer list

Set objTX = objFSO.OpenTextFile(InputFilePath)

' --- Loop over all computers

Do While Not objTX.AtEndOfStream

Computer = objTX.ReadLine

i = i + 1

WScript.Echo "=== Computer #" & i & ": " & Computer

GetInventory Computer

Loop

' --- Close Input File

6 Chapter 1 First Steps with Windows PowerShell

objTX.Close

' === Get Software inventory for one computer

Sub GetInventory(Computer)

Dim objProducts

Dim objProduct

Dim objWMIService

' --- Access WMI

Set objWMIService = GetObject("winmgmts:" &_

"{impersonationLevel=impersonate}!\\" & Computer &_

"\root\cimv2")

' --- Execeute WQL query

Set objProducts = objWMIService.ExecQuery(Query)

' --- Loop

For Each objProduct In objProducts

Print _

Computer & ";" & _

objProduct.Name & ";" & _

objProduct.Description & ";" & _

objProduct.IdentifyingNumber & ";" & _

objProduct.InstallDate & ";" & _

objProduct.InstallLocation & ";" & _

objProduct.InstallState & ";" & _

objProduct.SKUNumber & ";" & _

objProduct.Vendor & ";" & _

objProduct.Version

Next

End Sub

' === Print

Sub Print(s)

Dim objTextFile

Set objTextFile = objFSO.OpenTextFile(OutputFilePath, 8, True)

objTextFile.WriteLine s

objTextFile.Close

End Sub

' === Get Path to this script

Function GetCurrentPath

GetCurrentPath = objFSO.GetFile (WScript.ScriptFullName).ParentFolder

End Function

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Listing 1.2 Software Inventory Solution 2: WPS Script

# Settings

$InputFileName = "computers.txt"

$OutputFileName = "softwareinventory.csv"

$Query = "SELECT * FROM Win32_Product where not

➥Vendor like '%Microsoft%’"

# Read computer list

$Computers = Get-Content $InputFileName

# Loop over all computers and read WMI information

$Software = $Computers | foreach { get-wmiobject -query $Query -

computername $_ }

# Export to CSV

$Software | select Name, Description, IdentifyingNumber, InstallDate,

➥InstallLocation, InstallState, SKUNumber, Vendor, Version |

➥export-csv $OutputFileName -notypeinformation

Listing 1.3 Software Inventory Solution 3: WPS Pipeline Command

Get-Content "computers.txt" | Foreach {Get-WmiObject -computername

➥$_ -query "SELECT * FROM Win32_Product where not

➥Vendor like '%Microsoft%’" } | Export-Csv "Softwareinventory.csv"

➥–notypeinformation

Downloading and Installing WPSWindows Server 2008 is the first operating system that includes WPS onthe DVD. However, it is an additional feature that can be installed throughAdd Feature in the Windows Server 2008 Server Manager.

WPS can be downloaded (see Figure 1.1) and installed as an add-on tothe following operating systems:

■ Windows XP for x86 with Service Pack 2■ Windows XP for x64 with Service Pack 2■ Windows Server 2003 for x86 with Service Pack 1

8 Chapter 1 First Steps with Windows PowerShell

■ Windows Server 2003 for x64 with Service Pack 1■ Windows Server 2003 for Itanium with Service Pack 1■ Windows Vista for x86 ■ Windows Vista for x64

Note that WPS is not included in Windows Vista, although Vista undWPS were released on the same day. Microsoft decided not to ship any.NET-based applications with Vista. Only the .NET Framework itself ispart of Vista.

POWERSHELL DOWNLOAD PAGE www.microsoft.com/windowsserver2003/technologies/management/powershell/download.mspx

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Figure 1.1 WPS download website

WPS requires that .NET Framework 2.0 or later be installed beforerunning WPS setup. Because Vista ships with .NET Framework 3.0 (whichis a true superset of 2.0), no .NET installation is required for it. However,on Windows XP and Windows Server, you must install .NET Framework2.0, 3.0, or 3.5 first (if they are not already installed by another application).

MICROSOFT .NET FRAMEWORK 3.0 REDISTRIBUTABLE PACKAGEwww.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?FamilyId=10CC340B-F857-4A14-83F5-25634C3BF043&displaylang=en

The setup routine installs WPS to the directory %systemroot%\system32\WindowsPowerShell\V1.0 (on 32-bit systems) or %systemroot%\Syswow64\WindowsPowerShell\V1.0 (for 64-bit systems). You cannotchange this folder during setup.

TIP If for any reason you want to uninstall WPS, note that WPS is considered asoftware update to the Windows operating system (that is, not a normal applica-tion). Therefore, in the Add or Remove Programs control panel applet, it is notlisted as a program; instead, it is listed as an update called Hotfix for Windows(KB x). The Knowledge Base (KB) number varies on different operating systems.However, you can identify WPS installation in the list by its icon (see Figure1.2). On Windows XP and Windows Server 2003, you must check the ShowUpdates check box to see the WPS installation.

Taking WPS for a Test RunThis section includes some commands to enable you to try out a few WPSfeatures. WPS has two modes, interactive mode and script mode, whichare covered separately.

10 Chapter 1 First Steps with Windows PowerShell

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Figure 1.2 The uninstall option for WPS is difficult to find. (This screenshot isfrom Windows Server 2003.)

WPS in Interactive ModeFirst, you’ll use WPS in interactive mode.

Start WPS. An empty WPS console window will display (see Figure1.3). At first glance, you might not see much difference between it and thetraditional Windows console. However, there is much more power in WPS,as you will soon see.

At the command prompt, type get-process and then press theReturn key. A list of all running processes on your local computer will dis-play (see Figure 1.4). This was your first use of a simple WPS commandlet.

NOTE Note that the letter case does not matter. WPS does not distinguishbetween uppercase and lowercase letters in commandlet names.

Figure 1.3 Empty WPS console window

12 Chapter 1 First Steps with Windows PowerShell

Figure 1.4 The Get-Process commandlet output

At the command prompt, type get-service i*. A list of all installedservices with a name that begins with the letter I on your computer will

display (see Figure 1.5). This was your first use of a commandlet withparameters.

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Figure 1.5 A filtered list of Windows services

Type get- and then press the Tab key several times. You will see WPScycling through all commandlets that start with the verb get. Microsoftcalls this feature tab completion. Stop at Get-Eventlog. When you pressEnter, WPS prompts for a parameter called LogName (see Figure 1.6).LogName is a required parameter. After typing Application and press-ing Return, you will see a long list of the current entries in your Applicationevent log.

Figure 1.6 WPS prompts for a required parameter.

The last example in this section introduces you to the pipeline featuresof WPS. Again, we want to list entries from a Windows event log, but thistime we want to get only some entries. The task is to get the most recentten events that apply to printing. Enter the following command, whichconsists of three commandlets connected via pipes (see Figure 1.7):

Get-EventLog system | Where-Object { $_.source -eq "print" }

➥ | Select-Object -first 10

Note that WPS seems to get stuck for a few seconds after printing thefirst ten entries. This is the correct behavior because the first commandlet

(Get-EventLog) will receive all entries. The filtering is done by the sub-sequent commandlets (Where-Object and Select-Object). Unfortu-nately, Get-EventLog has no included filter mechanism.

14 Chapter 1 First Steps with Windows PowerShell

Figure 1.7 Filtering event log entries

WPS in Script ModeNow it’s time to try out PowerShell in script mode and incorporate a WPSscript. A WPS script is a text file that includes commandlets/elements ofPowerShell Script Language (PSL). The script in this example creates anew user account on your local computer.

Open Windows Notepad (or any other text editor) and enter the fol-lowing lines of script code (which consists of comments, variable declara-tions, COM library calls, and shell output):

Listing 1.4 Create a User Account

### PowerShell Script

### Create local User Acount

# Variables

$Name = "Dr. Holger Schwichtenberg"

$Accountname = "HolgerSchwichtenberg"

$Description = "Author of this book / Website: www.windows-scripting.com"

$Password = "secret+123"

$Computer = "localhost"

"Creating User on Computer $Computer"

# Access to Container using the COM library

➥"Active Directory Service Interface (ADSI)"

$Container = [ADSI] "WinNT://$Computer"

# Create User

$objUser = $Container.Create("user", $Accountname)

$objUser.Put("Fullname", $Name)

$objUser.Put("Description", $Description)

# Set Password

$objUser.SetPassword($Password)

# Save Changes

$objUser.SetInfo()

"User created: $Name"

Save the text file with the name createuser.ps1 into the directoryc:\temp. Note that the file extension must be .ps1.

Now start WPS. Try to start the script by typing c:\temp\createuser.ps1. (You can use tab completion for the directory and file-names.) This attempt will fail because script execution is, by default, notallowed in WPS (see Figure 1.8). This is not a bug; it is a security feature.(Remember the Love Letter worm for WSH?)

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Figure 1.8 Script execution is prohibited by default.

For our first test, we will weaken the security a little bit (just a little).We will allow scripts that reside on your local system to run. However,scripts that come from network resources (including the Internet) willneed a digital signature from a trusted script author. Later in this book youlearn how to digitally sign WPS scripts. You also learn to restrict your sys-tem to scripts that you or your colleagues have signed.

To allow the script to run, enter the following:

Set-ExecutionPolicy remotesigned

Then, start the script again (see Figure 1.9). Now you should see amessage that the user account has been created (see Figure 1.10).

16 Chapter 1 First Steps with Windows PowerShell

Figure 1.9 Running your first script to create a user account

Figure 1.10 The newly created user account

Downloading and Installing PowerShell CommunityExtensions

WPS 1.0 includes only 129 commandlets. You might ask why I wrote only.You will notice soon that the most important commandlets are those withthe verbs get and set. And the number of those commandlets is quitesmall compared to the large number of objects that Windows operatingsystems provide. All the other commandlets are, more or less, related toWPS infrastructure (for example, filtering, formatting, and exporting).

PowerShell Community Extensions (PSCX) is an open source project(see Figure 1.11) that provides additional functionality with commandletssuch as Get-DhcpServer, Get-DomainController, Get-MountPoint,Get-TerminalSession, Ping-Host, Write-GZip, and many more.Microsoft leads this project, but any .NET software developer is invited tocontribute. New versions are published on a regular basis. At the time ofthis writing, version 1.1.1 is the current stable release.

DOWNLOAD POWERSHELL COMMUNITY EXTENSIONSwww.codeplex.com/PowerShellCX

PSCX is provided as a setup routine that should be installed after WPShas been installed successfully.

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Figure 1.11 PowerShell Community Extension website

You can incorporate additional functionality of PSCX into WPS byusing a profile script (see Figure 1.12). Just copy this profile script to yourMy Documents/Windows PowerShell directory, if you want, during PSCXsetup. As a beginner, you should use this option.

18 Chapter 1 First Steps with Windows PowerShell

Figure 1.12 The PSCX profile script that was created during PSCX setup

Testing the PowerShell Extensions

The installation of PSCX changes the WPS console just a bit. Instead of thecurrent path, the prompt now contains a counter. However, the path doesdisplay in the window’s title.

Start WPS and type Get-DomainController (if your computer is amember of an Active Directory) or test PSCX by using Ping-Host withany computer on your network (see Figure 1.13).

Figure 1.13 Testing Get-DomainController and Ping-Host

Downloading and Installing the PowerShellPlus

Unfortunately, Microsoft does not provide a script editor for WPS yet.However, a few third-party editors support WPS (see Chapter 9,“PowerShell Tools”). Throughout this book, we use PowerShellPlus Editor,which is free for noncommercial use.

A previous editor called PowerShell IDE from the same author wasfree even for commercial use. However, PowerShell IDE never made it toa final release and was discontinued.

The PowerShellPlus Editor is part of PowerShellPlus. PowerShellPlusconsists of the editor and a console that provides IntelliSense while usingthe PowerShell interactively.

POWERSHELLPLUS WEBSITE www.powershell.com

PowerShellPlus does not need any setup. It is a true .NET applicationwith XCopy deployment. You just unpack the ZIP file to the directory ofyour choice and start the PowerShellPlus.exe that is part of thepackage.

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Testing the PowerShell Editor

The PowerShellPlus has, according to the WPS console, two modes: aninteractive mode and a script mode (see Figure 1.14). After starting thePowerShellPlus, you will see the interactive mode. You can use any com-mandlet (or pipeline). When you press Return, the commandlet is exe-cuted, and the result displays in the same window. The handy feature is theIntelliSense. If you enter Get-P, you will see a drop-down list of the avail-able commandlets that start with these letters.

20 Chapter 1 First Steps with Windows PowerShell

Figure 1.14 WPS IDE in interactive mode

To use the PowerShellPlus in script mode, click Code Editor and cre-ate a new script file (New/PowerShell Script) or open an existing script PS1file (Open). Now open the script file CreateUser.ps1 that you createdearlier. You will see line numbers, and you will encounter the sameIntelliSense features that you have in interactive mode. To run the script,

click the Run symbol in the toolbar (see Figure 1.15). The result will dis-play in the interactive Windows in the background.

WARNING Make sure the user account does not exist before running thescript. Otherwise the script will fail with the error “The account already exists.”

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Figure 1.15 WPS IDE in script mode

Another great feature is debugging. Place the cursor on any line inyour script and click the Debugging icon. Next, go to any line and press F9.This creates a red circle next to that line, called a breakpoint. Now run thescript. You will see the PowerShellPlus Editor executing the script in slowmotion, marking the current line yellow and stopping at the line with thebreakpoint (see Figure 1.16). In the Variables Inspector window, you caninspect the current value of all variables. In the interactive window, youcan type any WPS command that will be executed within the current con-text. That is, you can interactively access all script variables. To continuethe script, press F8 or click the Continue icon in the toolbar.

Figure 1.16 Script debugging with the WPS IDE

Code snippets are also a nice feature of the PowerShellPlus. In a scriptfile, click Snippet/Insert on the toolbar or select Insert Snippet in the con-text menu in the main Editor window. You will be able to select a snippet.You can create you own snippets with the PowerShellPlus (via Snippets/New on the toolbar).

Summary

Windows PowerShell is a new .NET-based environment for scripting andis an interactive command-line shell. WPS is an optional feature onWindows Server 2008 and an add-on for Windows XP, Vista, and Server2008. Commands in WPS are called commandlets. The PSCX extendsWPS with additional commandlets.

22 Chapter 1 First Steps with Windows PowerShell

The PowerShellPlus is an alternative shell for WPS commands and aneditor for WPS scripts.

In the next chapter, you learn much more about commandlets andpipelines. You also learn how to get help if you are seeking a command orthe available options for a commandlet.

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INDEX

453

Symbols& (ampersand) operator,

109@ (at symbol) in hash

tables, 107= (equals sign), 109( ) (parentheses) in

methods, 64+ (plus sign operator),

54, 108“” (quotation marks) in

parameters, 26; (semicolons) in

commands, 90* (star operator), 108, 356| (vertical line) for

pipelines, 43

Aaccess control entries.

See ACEsaccess control lists.

See ACLsaccess rights, 403-406accessing

databasescommands, 383-385connections, 380-382data readers, 386-388DataSets. See

DataSets

provider-independent,382-383

www.IT-Visions.deextensions, 396-399

directory services, 313file shares, 221hash tables, 107WMI

collections, 146members, 142-144objects, 137-138

ACEs (access controlentries), 225, 402

adding to ACLs, 418-419contents, 402deleting from ACLs,

421-423reading, 410-411

ACLs (access control lists),225, 401-402

ACEsadding, 418-419contents, 402deleting, 421-423reading, 410-411

classes, 406control holders, 408inheritance

hierarchy, 406ObjectSecurity, 406reading ACLs, 408-409resources, 407

commandlets, 401configuring, 425-426reading, 408-409transferring, 424

Active Directoryextensions

PSCX, 361Quest, 365www.IT-Visions.de,

362-364group members

assignments, 345creating/filling, 345deleting, 346listing, 343-344

organizational units, 346-347

schemadocumentation, 338website, 450

searching, 314indexed attributes, 354multivalued attributes,

355-356result restrictions, 357star operator, 356

structure, 365-367user accounts

authentication, 341creating, 339-340deleting, 342moving, 343

passwords, 340renaming, 342

user class, attributes,335-338

Active Directory ServiceInterfaces. See ADSI

Active DirectoryManagement Objects(ADMO), 365

AD Access Change/Breakin RC2 website, 449

ADAM (Active DirectoryApplicationMode), 365

add-content commandlet,429

binary files, 238text files, writing, 236

add-directoryentrycommandlet,362, 429

add-history commandlet,429

add-member commandlet,429

Add-PSSnapincommandlet,175-176, 429

add-user commandlet,362, 429

addingACEs to ACLs, 418-419snap-ins, 175users to groups, 345virtual web servers,

308-311AddPrinterConnection( )

method(Win32_Printerclass), 287

ADMO (Active DirectoryManagementObjects), 365

454 Index

ADO.NET, 373architecture, 374data providers, 375data source control

elements, 377DataReader object,

376-378DataSet object, 376-378SQL Servers, listing

available, 376ADSI (Active Directory

Service Interfaces),314

architecture, 316deficiencies, 321-323directory services,

compared, 320DirectoryEntry class,

318-319integration, 316object model, 318property cache, 329search queries, 319

aliases, 29creating, 30-31enumerating, 29properties, 68

ambiguous commandlets,180

ampersand (&) operator,109

Analyzer, 164analyzing pipeline

content, 59alias properties, 68code properties, 68ETS, 69-70get-member command-

let, 62, 66-69get-pipelineinfo

commandlet, 60methods, 64

note properties, 67properties, 65property sets, 66script properties, 67

AppendChild( ) method, 246

AppendData right, 403architecture

Active Directory, 365-367

ADO.NET, 374ADSI, 316

arrays, 105-106associative, 106-108declaring, 105defining, 105joining, 105listing, 105multidimensional, 106

at symbol (@) in hashtables, 107

attributes, 213directory entries

reading, 328writing, 329

FileSystemAccessRuleobjects, 410

indexed, 354mailboxes, 304multivalued, 355-356Property, 318services, 278user class (Active

Directory), 335-338authentication, 58, 341autostart applications, 263

B–Cbinary files, 238BIOS settings, 282boot configuration

settings, 282

calculated parameters, 27-28

calculations (pipelines), 76calling methods, 64castrating objects, 73-74Change( ) method

(Win32_Serviceclass), 278

ChangePermissionright, 403

checking XML files, 242-243

classesattributes, 213CmdletInfo, 179COM

COM objects, 135creating instances, 133existing instances, 134

DateTime, 102DbProviderFactories, 382DirectoryEntries, 319DirectoryEntry, 318-319DriveInfo, 208FileInfo, 214group policies, 367Hashtable, 107IIsApplicationPool, 305IIsComputer, 305IIsWebServer, 305IIsWebService, 305IIsWebVirtualDir, 305MailMessage, 302ManagementDateTime-

Converter, 145.NET, 129

assemblies, loading, 131constructor

parameters, 130enumerations, 132help, 38-40instances, creating, 130

Index 455

object analysis, 132static members, 130

ObjectSecurity, 406security, 406

control holders, 408inheritance

hierarchy, 406ObjectSecurity, 406reading ACLs, 408-409resources, 407

SmtpClient, 302String, 99TimeSpan, 103user (Active Directory),

335-338WebClient, 300Win32_Computersystem,

281Win32_Desktop, 315Win32_LogicalDisk,

207-210Win32_NetworkAdapter

Configuration, 296Win32_NTLogEvent, 291Win32_Operating

System, 281Win32_PerfRawData, 292Win32_Product, 259Win32_Service, 277Win32_Share, 221Win32_StartupCommand,

263Win32_Trustee, 226WMI, 135

available, listing, 148collections,

accessing, 146instances, creating, 149object access, 137-138object adapter, 139object analysis, 140object filtering/

selecting, 146-147

properties/methods,142-144

queries, 147static class

members, 144System.Management

object model, 135type indicators, 139WPS support, 136

XMLDocument,229, 244

clear-content commandlet,429

clear-item commandlet,206, 429

clear-itemproperty commandlet, 429

clear-variable commandlet,429

clipboard, 200close-dbconnection

commandlet, 430cmdlet development

guidelineswebsite, 450

Cmdlet help website, 450CmdletInfo class, 179code properties, 68COM classes

COM objects, 135instances

creating, 133existing, 134

command mode, 33, 154command-processing

modes, 33commandlets

add-content, 429binary files, 238text files, writing, 236

add-directoryentry, 362, 429

add-history, 429add-member, 429add-pssnapin, 175, 429add-user, 362, 429ambiguous, 180case sensitivity, 29clear-content, 429clear-item, 206, 429clear-itemproperty, 429clear-variable, 429close-dbconnection, 430compare-object, 78, 430convert-html, 251convert-path, 430convert-xml, 249, 430convertfrom-base64, 430convertfrom-secure-

string, 430convertto-base64, 430convertto-html, 430convertto-macos9line-

ending, 430convertto-securestring,

430convertto-unixline-

ending, 430convertto-windowsline-

ending, 430copy-item, 212, 254, 430copy-itemproperty, 430data access, 396debugging parameters,

171definition, 25disable-mailbox, 304disconnect-terminal-

session, 430Exchange Server 2007,

184-185export-alias, 431export-bitmap, 431export-clixml, 248, 431export-console, 431

456 Index

export-csv, 239, 431expression integration, 33extensions, 174-175, 181external, 33-34file system administra-

tion, 205-206foreach-object, 105,

235, 431format-byte, 431format-custom, 431format-hex, 431format-list, 431format-table, 431format-wide, 431format-xml, 244, 431get-, 35get-acl, 401, 431get-adobject, 314,

358, 431get-alias, 30, 432get-authenticode-

signature, 432get-bios, 432get-cdromdrive, 432get-childitem, 432

directory content, 210Filter parameter, 211include parameter, 211registry keys, 253

get-clipboard, 200, 432get-command, 432get-computerinfo, 432get-computername, 432get-content, 206, 432

binary files, 238files, reading, 229, 235

get-credential, 58, 432get-culture, 188, 432get-currentuser, 432get-datarow, 396get-datatable, 396get-date, 102, 432get-dbconnection, 432

get-dbrow, 433get-dbtable, 433get-dhcpserver, 433get-directory, 362get-directorychildren, 433get-directoryentry,

362, 433get-directoryvalue,

362, 433get-disk, 206, 433get-domaincontroller,

324, 433get-eventlog, 290, 433get-executionpolicy, 433get-exportedtype, 433get-fileversioninfo, 433get-foregroundwindow,

434get-hash, 434get-help, 35, 434get-history, 186, 434get-host, 187, 434get-item, 434

file properties, 213registry keys, 254

get-itemproperty, 255, 434

get-ITVisions, 434get-keyboard, 434get-location, 206, 434get-mailbox, 303get-mailboxdatabase, 303get-member, 62,

66-68, 434alias properties, 68code properties, 68methods, 64note properties, 67output, reducing, 69properties, 65property sets, 66script properties, 67

get-memorydevice, 434

get-metadata, 435get-mountpoint, 435get-networkadapter, 435get-PEheader, 435get-pfxcertificate, 435get-pipelineinfo, 60, 435get-pointingdevice, 435get-privilege, 435get-process, 11, 435

processes, enumerat-ing, 267-268

processes, filtering, 268get-process | out file, 55get-process | out-printer,

55get-processor, 435get-psdrive, 83, 206, 435get-psprovider, 84, 435get-pssnapin, 435get-pssnapinhelp, 435get-random, 435get-reparsepoint, 435get-service, 272, 435get-service i, 13get-shortpath, 436get-sounddevice, 436get-storagegroup, 303get-tabexpansion, 436get-tapedrive, 436get-terminalsession, 436get-tracesource, 173, 436get-uiculture, 188, 436get-unique, 436get-usbcontroller, 436get-variable, 436get-videocontroller, 436get-wmiobject, 135,

144, 436hardware information,

284list parameter, 148

group-object, 74, 436help, 35, 38

Index 457

import-alias, 436import-bitmap, 436import-clixml, 436import-csv, 240, 436import-dbcommand, 437invoke-dbcommand, 396invoke-expression,

109, 437invoke-history, 437invoke-item, 437invoke-scalardb-

command, 437join-path, 437join-string, 102, 437listing of, 35measure-command,

173, 437measure-object, 76, 437move-item, 206,

212, 437move-itemproperty, 437navigation, 84new-alias, 30, 437new-hardlink, 218, 437new-item, 206, 437

registry keys, 254text files, creating, 236

new-itemproperty, 256, 437

new-junction, 218, 437new-mailboxdatabase,

303new-object, 437new-psdrive, 438new-service, 278, 438new-shortcut, 217, 438new-storagegroup, 303new-symlink, 220, 438new-timespan, 103, 438new-variable, 438nouns, 29out-clipboard, 438out-default, 51, 438

out-file, 55, 236, 438out-host, 51, 438out-null, 438out-printer, 55, 287, 438out-string, 438output, 49

printing, 55single values, 53-54standard, 51-53suppressing, 55text files, 55

parameters, 26-27calculated, 27-28case sensitivity, 29filtering output, 28placeholders, 29quotation marks, 26sequence, 27

ping-host, 296, 438pipelines

calculations, 76castrating objects,

73-74classic commands, 46comparing objects, 78content, analyzing. See

pipelines, contentanalyzing

creating, 43filtering objects, 70-72grouping objects,

74-75intermediate steps,

viewing, 76objects, 44-46output, 49-55Pipeline Processor,

47-49ramifications, 78sorting objects, 74user input, 56-58

placeholders, 29pop-location, 438

PSCX, 181-182, 214push-location, 438Quest, 183-184read-host, 56, 438remove-directoryentry,

362, 438remove-item, 206, 212,

254, 438remove-itemproperty,

257, 438remove-mountpoint, 439remove-psdrive, 439remove-pssnapin, 439remove-reparsepoint,

439remove-variable, 439rename-item, 206,

212, 439rename-itemproperty,

439resize-bitmap, 439resolve-assembly,

215, 439resolve-host, 299, 439resolve-path, 439restart-service, 277, 439resume-service, 439SCVMM, 185select-object, 70, 73, 439select-string, 237, 439select-xml, 244-246, 439send-smtpmail, 302, 439set-acl, 401, 440set-alias, 30, 440set-authenticodesigna-

ture, 120, 440set-clipboard, 200, 440set-content, 206, 440

binary files, 238text files, writing, 236

set-datarow, 396set-datatable, 396

458 Index

set-date, 104, 440set-dbtable, 440set-directoryvalue,

362, 440set-distributiongroup,

304set-executionpolicy,

119, 440set-filetime, 214, 440set-foregroundwindow,

440set-item, 206, 440set-itemproperty,

214, 440set-location, 206,

254, 441set-privilege, 441set-psdebug, 173, 441set-service, 278, 441set-tracesource, 173, 441set-variable, 441set-volumelabel,

210, 441snap-ins, 179sort-object, 74, 441split-path, 441split-string, 101, 441start-process,

269-270, 441start-service, 277, 441start-sleep, 122, 441start-tabexpansion, 441start-transcript, 441stop-process, 270, 441stop-service, 277, 441stop-terminalsession,

441stop-transcript, 441suspend-service, 442syntax, 26test-assembly, 442test-dbconnection,

396, 442

test-path, 442test-xml, 243, 442trace-command, 442tree-object, 78, 442update-formatdata, 442update-typedata, 442verbose parameter, 172where-object, 70, 442write-bzip2, 442write-clipboard, 200, 442write-debug, 442write-error, 53, 442write-gzip, 442write-host, 53, 442write-output, 443write-progress, 443write-tar, 443write-verbose, 443write-warn, 53write-warning, 443write-zip, 220, 443

commandsdatabase access, 383-385history, 186-187separating, 90

comments, 90CommitChanges( )

method, 329compare-object

commandlet, 78, 430comparing objects, 78complex pipelines, 48-49compression (files),

220-221computers

BIOS, 282boot configurations, 282event logs, 290

entries, 290-291names, 290remote access, 291

hardwareinformation, viewing,

284-285printers, 286-289

performance counters,292-293

pinging, 295product aviation

settings, 282recovery settings, 283serial numbers, 282settings, viewing,

281-283software versions, 282

configuringACLs, 425-426date and time, 104files

date and time, 214share permissions,

225-228networking, 296-298

confirm parameter, 171connections

databases, 380-382printers, 287

consolesinteractive mode, 11WPS, 151

command history, 186-187

command mode, 154functions, 152interpreter mode, 154PowerTab, 156snap-ins, loading,

175-176tab completion, 153Vista user account

control, 155

Index 459

constant values (variables), 95

constructors (.NET classes), 130

control structures, 110-112convert-html commandlet,

251convert-path commandlet,

430convert-xml commandlet,

249, 430convertfrom-base64

commandlet, 430convertfrom-securestring

commandlet, 430convertto-base64

commandlet, 430convertto-html

commandlet, 430convertto-macos9lineend-

ing commandlet, 430convertto-securestring

commandlet, 430convertto-unixlineending

commandlet, 430convertto-windowslineend-

ing commandlet, 430ConvertToDateTime( )

method, 145copy-item commandlet,

212, 254,430copy-itemproperty

commandlet, 430copying

files/folders, 212registry keys, 254

CreateDirectoriesright, 403

CreateElement( ) method, 246

CreateFiles right, 404

creatingCSV files, 239directory entries, 332Explorer links, 217file shares, 223-224,

229-232groups

Active Directory, 345policy links, 369-370

hardlinks, 218junction points, 218mailboxes, 303organizational units,

346-347public folders, 305registry keys, 254-257symbolic links, 220user accounts, 339-340websites from CSV files,

309-311CSV files, 239

creating, 239exporting, 239importing, 240websites, creating,

309-311customizing

file properties, 214service configuration,

278-279strings, 100XML documents, 246

Ddata

adapters, 391providers, 375readers, 386-388types, 92

listing of, 92registry, 257variables, 91-93

databasesaccess

commands, 383-385connections, 380-382data readers, 386-388DataSets. See

DataSetsprovider-independent,

382-383www.IT-Visions.de

extensions, 396-399ADO.NET, 373

architecture, 374data providers, 375data source control

elements, 377DataReader object,

376-378DataSet object,

376-378enumerating data

providers, 375SQL Servers, listing

available, 376example, 379mailboxes, 303

DataReader object, 376-378

DataSets, 389data adapter, 391object model,

376-378, 390provider-independent

example, 394-395provider-specific

example, 391-393XML exports/

imports, 395DataTable objects, 390date and time, 102-103, 145

files, 214periods of time, 103

460 Index

remote computers, 104setting, 104WMI date format con-

versions, 145DateTime class, 102DbProviderFactories

class, 382deactivating mailboxes, 304debug parameter, 171debugging

commandlet parametersfor, 171

PowerShellPlus, 21PowerShellPlus

Editor, 163step-by-step, 173verbose parameter, 172

declaringarrays, 105variables, 91

default naming context, 324

Delete right, 404DeleteSubdirectoriesAnd-

Files right, 404DeleteTree( ) method, 342deleting

ACEs to ACLs, 421-423directory entries, 332files/folders, 212group policy links,

370-372junction points, 219print jobs, 288registry keys, 254, 257text file content, 236users

Active Directory, 342groups, 346

virtual web servers, 311dependent services,

274-276

dialog boxesauthentication, 58user input, 57

digital signatures, 120-121directory content

files/folders operations,212-213

viewing, 210-212directory services

access, 313ADSI

compared, 320deficiencies, 321-323

paths, 323-325programming, 325

ADSI property cache, 329

binding meta objectsto directory entries,325-326

container objects, 331directory entries, 332directory entry

attributes, 328-329directory entry exis-

tence, checking, 327impersonation, 327object properties, 330

www.IT-Visions.de com-mandlets, 362-364

DirectoryEntries class, 319DirectoryEntry class,

318-319disable-mailbox

commandlet, 304disconnect-terminalsession

commandlet, 430DLL registration, 175DNs (distinguished

names), 323

documentsbinary files, 238CSV files, 239

creating, 239exporting, 239importing, 240

HTML, 251text files

content, deleting, 236reading, 235-236searching, 237writing to, 236-237

XML, 241checking, 242-243converting to XHTML

files, 249customizing, 246formatting, 244object pipeline, 248reading, 241searching with

XPath, 244domain controllers (Active

Directory), 366-367domains (Active

Directory), 366dot sourcing, 118downloading

PSCX, 17RSS feeds, 301WPS, 8

DownloadString( )method, 300

DriveInfo class, 208drives

defining, 87-88, 255free space, viewing,

208-210listing all, 206-207names, 210network, 210providers, 83-84

Index 461

Ee-mail, sending, 302ending processes, 270enumerating

aliases, 29data providers, 375file shares, 223group policies, 367-369.NET classes, 132processes, 267-268services, 272-273

environment variables,viewing, 283

equals sign (=), 109ErrorAction parameter,

125-127errors (scripts), 122

creating, 128handling, 125-127history, 128standard reactions, 127trap blocks, 128trapping example,

123-125ETS (Extended Type

System), 44pipeline content,

analyzing, 69-70website, 450

event logs, 290entries, 290-291filtering, 14names, 290remote access, 291

Exchange ManagementShell website, 451

Exchange Server 2007, 302basic operations, 302databases, listing, 303functionality, testing, 303mailboxes, 303-304

management shell, 184-185

public folder management, 305

scripts website, 451storage groups, 303

executable filesPE header information,

215PSCX commandlets, 214viewing, 215

ExecuteFile right, 404execution policies, 119execution time,

measuring, 173Exists( ) method, 327Explorer links, 216-217export-alias commandlet,

431export-bitmap

commandlet, 431export-clixml commandlet,

248, 431export-console

commandlet, 431export-csv commandlet,

239, 431exporting

CSV files, 239DataSets, 395

expressions, 32-33Extended Reflection, 44Extended Type System.

See ETSextensions

commandlets,174-175, 181

PSCXActive Directory, 361commandlets, 181-182LDAP filters, 358

Quest, 365www.IT-Visions.de, 183

Active Directory, 362-364

database access, 396-399

external commandlets, 33-34

Ffile system administration

access rights, 403-406commandlets, 205-206directory content,

viewing, 210-212drives

free space, displaying,208-210

listing all, 206-207names, 210network, 210

executable filesPE header

information, 215PSCX commandlets,

214viewing, 215

file compression, 220-221

file propertiescustomizing, 214date/time information,

214viewing, 213

file sharesaccessing, 221creating, 223-224enumerating, 223mass creation, 229-232permissions, 225-228

files/folders operations,212-213

462 Index

links, 216Explorer, 216-217hardlinks, 217-218junction points,

218-219symbolic, 220

FileInfo class, 214files

binary, 238compression, 220-221copying, 212CSV, 239

creating, 239exporting, 239importing, 240websites, creating,

309-311deleting, 212executable

PE header information, 215

PSCX commandlets,214

viewing, 215HTML, 251moving, 212names, 34properties

customizing, 214date/time information,

214viewing, 213

renaming, 212retrieving from HTTP

servers, 300-301shares

accessing, 221creating, 223-224enumerating, 223mass creation, 229-232permissions, 225-228

textcontent, deleting, 236reading, 235-236searching, 237writing to, 236-237

XML, 241checking, 242-243converting to XHTML

files, 249customizing, 246DataSet

exports/imports, 395formatting, 244object pipeline, 248reading, 241searching with

XPath, 244FileSystemAccessRule

objects, 410filling groups, 345Filter parameter

(get-childitemcommandlet), 211

filteringevent logs, 14LDAP queries, 358objects, 70-72

conditions, 70heterogeneous

pipeline content, 72parameter output, 28processes, 268RSS feeds, 301WMI objects, 146-147

flags (parameters), 420folders

copying, 212deleting, 212moving, 212public, 305renaming, 212

foreach-object commandlet,105, 235, 431

forests (Active Directory),366

format-byte commandlet,431

format-customcommandlet, 431

format-hex commandlet,431

format-list commandlet,431

format-table commandlet,431

format-wide commandlet,431

format-xml commandlet,244, 431

formatting XML files, 244free space (drives),

208-210FullControl right, 404

Gget-acl commandlet,

401, 431get-adobject commandlet,

314, 358, 431get-alias commandlet,

30, 432get-authenticodesignature

commandlet, 432get-bios commandlet, 432get-cdromdrive

commandlet, 432get-childitem commandlet,

432directory content, 210Filter parameter, 211include parameter, 211registry keys, 253

Index 463

get-clipboard commandlet,200, 432

get-commandcommandlet, 432

get-commandlet, 35get-computerinfo

commandlet, 432get-computername

commandlet, 432get-content commandlet,

206, 432binary files, 238files, reading, 229, 235

get-credentialcommandlet, 58, 432

get-culture commandlet,188, 432

get-currentusercommandlet, 432

get-datarow commandlet,396

get-datatable commandlet,396

get-date commandlet, 102, 432

get-dbconnectioncommandlet, 432

get-dbrow commandlet,433

get-dbtable commandlet,433

get-dhcpservercommandlet, 433

get-directorychildrencommandlet,362, 433

get-directoryentrycommandlet,362, 433

get-directoryvaluecommandlet,362, 433

get-disk commandlet, 206, 433

get-domaincontrollercommandlet,324, 433

get-eventlog commandlet,290, 433

get-executionpolicycommandlet, 433

get-exportedtypecommandlet,215, 433

get-fileversioninfocommandlet,215, 433

get-foregroundwindowcommandlet, 434

get-hash commandlet, 434get-help commandlet,

35, 434get-history commandlet,

186, 434get-host commandlet,

187, 434get-item commandlet, 434

file properties, 213registry keys, 254

get-itempropertycommandlet,255, 434

get-ITVisions commandlet,434

get-keyboard commandlet,434

get-location commandlet,206, 434

get-mailbox commandlet,303

get-mailboxdatabasecommandlet, 303

get-member commandlet,62, 66-68, 434

alias properties, 68code properties, 68methods, 64note properties, 67output, reducing, 69properties, 65property sets, 66script properties, 67

get-memorydevicecommandlet, 434

get-metadata commandlet,435

get-mountpointcommandlet, 435

get-networkadaptercommandlet, 435

get-peheader commandlet,215, 435

get-pfxcertificatecommandlet, 435

get-pipelineinfocommandlet, 60, 435

get-pointingdevicecommandlet, 435

get-privilege commandlet,435

get-process commandlet,11, 267-268, 435

get-process | out file commandlet, 55

get-process | out-printercommandlet, 55

get-processor commandlet,435

get-psdrive commandlet,83, 206, 435

get-psprovidercommandlet, 84, 435

get-pssnapin commandlet,435

464 Index

get-pssnapinhelpcommandlet, 435

get-random commandlet,435

get-reparsepointcommandlet, 435

get-service commandlet,272, 435

get-service i commandlet,13

get-shortpath commandlet,436

get-sounddevicecommandlet, 436

get-storagegroupcommandlet, 303

get-tabexpansioncommandlet, 436

get-tapedrive commandlet,436

get-terminalsessioncommandlet, 436

get-tracesourcecommandlet,173, 436

get-uiculture commandlet,188, 436

get-unique commandlet,436

get-usbcontrollercommandlet, 436

get-variable commandlet,436

get-videocontrollercommandlet, 436

get-wmiobjectcommandlet, 135,144, 436

hardware information,284

list parameter, 148

GetAccessRules( )method, 411

GetDrives( ) method, 206GetFactoryClasses( )

method, 375GetOwner( ) method, 417GetType( ) method, 93GPMC (Group Policy

ManagementConsole), 367, 450

GPMGMT component,367

graphical user interfaces,196

clipboard, 200input window, 196-198objects, displaying,

198-200group-object commandlet,

74, 436Group Policy Management

Console (GPMC),367, 450

grouping objects, 74-75groups

Active Directorycreating/filling, 345deleting users, 346members, 343-345

policies, 367classes, 367enumerating, 367, 369links, 369-372

WMI management, 314-315

Hhandling script errors,

125-127hardlinks, 217-218

hardwareinformation, viewing,

284-285printers

connections, 287listing all, 286print jobs, 287-289status, 286

hash tables, 106-108Hashtable class, 107help

commandlets, 35, 38get-commandlet, 35.NET classes, 38-40PSL, 90tool, 169

Help Editor website, 449heterogeneous pipeline

content, 72hexadecimal numbers, 96history

commands, 186-187WPS, 4-5

host information, 187-188HTML files, 251

IIADs interface, 317IDE, 156-157IEnumerable interface, 319IIS (Internet Information

Services), 305classes, 305virtual web servers

adding, 308-311deleting, 311listing, 307

IIsApplicationPoolclass, 305

IIsComputer class, 305IIsWebServer class, 305IIsWebService class, 305

Index 465

IIsWebVirtualDir class, 305

import-alias commandlet,436

import-bitmapcommandlet, 436

import-clixmlcommandlet, 436

import-csv commandlet,240, 436

import-dbcommandcommandlet, 437

importingCSV files, 240DataSets, 395

include parameter (get-childitemcommandlet), 211

indexed attributes (Active Directorysearches), 354

input boxes, 56input windows, 196-198InputBox( ) method, 56Install( ) method

(Win32_Product( )class), 263

installed services, viewing, 13

installingPowerShellPlus, 19printers, 287PSCX, 17services, 278software, 263WPS, 8-10

installutil.exe, 175IntelliSense

PowerShellPluscommandlet

names, 159commandlet

parameters, 160

.NET classes, 161path names, 160variables, 162

PrimalScriptclass names, 169commandlets, 168parameters, 168

interactive mode, 11, 14console window, 11event logs, filtering, 14IDE, 156installed services,

viewing, 13pipeline features, 13running processes,

viewing, 11tab completion, 13

interfacesADSI

architecture, 316deficiencies, 321-323directory services,

compared, 320DirectoryEntry class,

318-319integration, 316object model, 318property cache, 329search queries, 319

graphical user interfaces, 196

clipboard, 200input window, 196-198objects, displaying,

198-200IADs, 317IEnumerable, 319

intermediate steps(pipelines),viewing, 76

Internet InformationServices. See IIS

interpreter mode (WPSconsole), 154

inventory (software)script, 260-261searching, 260viewing, 259

invoke-dbcommandcommandlet, 396

invoke-expressioncommandlet,109, 437

invoke-historycommandlet, 437

invoke-item commandlet,437

invoke-scalardbcommandcommandlet, 437

J–KJoin( ) method, 102join-path commandlet, 437join-string commandlet,

102, 437joining

arrays, 105hash tables, 108strings, 102

junction points, 218-219

keys (registry)copying, 254creating, 254deleting, 254entries, 255-257hierarchy script, 115-117reading, 253-254

Kill( ) method (Processclass), 270

LLDAP queries

example, 350executing, 351filters, 358

466 Index

search example, 352search filters

website, 450syntax, 349-350user login name

searches, 353-354links

file system, 216Explorer, 216-217hardlinks, 217-218junction points,

218-219symbolic, 220

group policiescreating, 369-370deleting, 370-372

parameter flags, 420list parameter

get-eventlogcommandlet, 290

get-wmiobjectcommandlet, 148

ListDirectory right, 404listings

ACEsadding, 419deleting, 422-423details, 411

ACL transfers, 424-426Active Directory

domain controllers, 366domains/forests, 366search result

restrictions, 357user accounts,

passwords, 341Active Directory groups

creating, 345deleting members, 346listing members, 344member assignments,

346

Active Directory useraccounts

authentication, 341creating, 340deleting, 342moving, 343renaming, 342

binary files, 238COM classes

existing instances, 134instantiating, 133

database accessdata readers, 387-388provider-independent

command objects,384

www.IT-Visions.deextensions, 398-399

database connectionsMicrosoft Access, 381Microsoft SQL Server,

381-382Microsoft SQL Server

Express, 382provider-independent,

383DataSets

provider-independentexample, 394-395

provider-specific example, 392-393

dialog box user inputexample, 57

directory containerobjects, 331

directory entries, 332directory objects

customizing, 330fetching, 328properties, 331

directory service operations viawww.IT-Visions.decommandlets,363-364

downloading files viaHTTP, 300

downloading/filteringRSS feeds, 301

drive free space, viewingDriveInfo class, 208Win32_LogicalDisk

class, 209-210drive names, 210e-mail, sending, 302executable files,

viewing, 215files

date and time, configuring, 214

share permissions, creating, 226-228

shares, creating, 224,230-232

formatted output, 55get-wmiobject

commandlet, 144group policies

enumerating, 368-369links, 370-372

input windows, 196-198LDAP

searches, executing, 352user login name

search, 354networks, configuring,

297-298objects, displaying,

198-200organizational units,

creating, 347print jobs, canceling, 288

Index 467

protocol entries, fetching, 291

registry example, 258scripts

dot sourcing, 118error testing example,

123-125registry key hierarchy,

115-117services

configuration,customizing, 278

enumerating, 272SIDs

displaying, 414SDDL names, 416well-known, 415

softwareinstallations, testing,

265-266installing, 264inventory script,

260-261inventory solution with

WPS, 8inventory solution with

WSH, 5-7searching inventory,

260uninstalling, 264

stringscustomizing, 100joining, 102splitting, 101

subroutines, 112system owners,

reading, 418text files

reading, 235writing to, 236

user accounts, creating, 14

user input, 56user profiles

PSCX, 190-195script, 188

variable resolution within a string, 99

virtual web servers information,viewing, 308

waiting for process ending, 271

websites, creating fromCSV files, 309-311

WMIclasses, instantiating,

149date format

conversions, 145XML files

customizing, 247fetching, 242

loadingassemblies, .NET

classes, 131snap-ins, WPS console,

175-176locking variables, 95logical operators, 72

Mmailboxes (Exchange

Server)attributes, 304creating, 303deactivating, 304listing, 303managing, 303-304moving, 304

MailMessage class, 302ManagementBaseObject

class, 135

ManagementClassclass, 135

ManagementDateTime-Converter class, 145

ManagementObjectclass, 135

mass creation, file shares,229-232

measure-commandcommandlet,173, 437

measure-objectcommandlet, 76, 437

measuring execution time, 173

methods, 64AddPrinterConnection( ),

287AppendChild( ), 246calling, 64Change( ), 278CommitChanges( ), 329ConvertToDateTime( ),

145CreateElement( ), 246DeleteTree( ), 342DownloadString( ), 300Exists( ), 327GetAccessRules( ), 411GetDrives( ), 206GetFactoryClasses( ), 375GetOwner( ), 417GetType( ), 93InputBox( ), 56Install( ), 263Join( ), 102Kill( ), 270object pipelines, 45-46PurgeAccessRules( ), 421RefreshCache( ), 329

468 Index

RemoveAccessRule( ),421

SelectNodes( ), 229, 244SelectSingleNode( ), 244SetInfo( ), 317Slit( ), 101String class, 99Subtract( ), 103ToDateTime( ), 145ToString( ), 60Uninstall( ), 264WM classes, 142, 144

Modify right, 404move-item commandlet,

206, 212, 437move-itemproperty

commandlet, 437moving

files/folders, 212mailboxes, 304user accounts, 343

multidimensionalarrays, 106

multivalued attributes(Active Directorysearches), 355-356

Nname resolution, 299names

drives, 210event logs, 290files/folders, 212SDDL, 416-417

navigatingActive Directory, 361commandlets, 84drives, defining, 87-88paths, 85-86registry, 83-84

.NET3.0 Redistributable

package website, 10classes, 129

assemblies, loading, 131constructor

parameters, 130enumerations, 132help, 38-40instances, creating, 130library documentation

for FileSystemRightsenumerationwebsite, 450

object analysis, 132static members, 130

Community website, 449regular expressions

website, 450tools and software

components refer-ence website, 449

NetCmdlets from nsoftware website,450

networkingconfiguring, 296-298drives, 210e-mail, sending, 302Exchange Server 2007,

302basic operations, 302databases, listing, 303functionality,

testing, 303mailboxes, 303-304public folder

management, 305storage groups, 303

file retrieval from HTTPservers, 300-301

IIS, 305classes, 305virtual web servers,

307-311name resolution, 299pinging computers, 295

new-alias commandlet, 30, 437

new-hardlink commandlet,218, 437

new-item commandlet,206, 437

registry keys, 254text files, creating, 236

new-itempropertycommandlet,256, 437

new-junction commandlet,218, 437

new-mailboxdatabasecommandlet, 303

new-object commandlet,437

new-psdrive commandlet,438

new-service commandlet,278, 438

new-shortcut commandlet,217, 438

new-storagegroupcommandlet, 303

new-symlink commandlet,220, 438

new-timespancommandlet,103, 438

new-variable commandlet,438

nonterminating errors, 122note properties, 67nouns (commandlets), 29

Index 469

numbers, 96-98assigning to untyped

variables, 96hexadecimal, 96random, 98

Oobject model (DataSets),

390objects

castrating, 73-74comparing, 78displaying, 198-200filtering, 70-72

conditions, 70heterogeneous

pipeline content, 72grouping, 74-75.NET classes, 132orientation, pipelining,

44pipelines, 44

HTML files, 251methods, 45-46parameters, 46XML documents, 248

sorting, 74WMI

accessing, 137-138adapter, 139analysis, 140filtering/selecting,

146-147ObjectSecurity class, 406operators, 72, 108-109organizational units,

creating, 346-347out-clipboard

commandlet, 438out-default commandlet,

51, 438

out-file commandlet, 55,236, 438

out-host commandlet, 51, 438

out-null commandlet, 438out-printer commandlet,

55, 287, 438out-string commandlet,

438output, 49

get-membercommandlet

alias properties, 68code properties, 68methods, 64note properties, 67properties, 65property sets, 66reducing, 69script properties, 67

mixing literals and variables, 54

printing, 55single values, 53-54standard, 51-53

pagewise, 51restricting, 52

suppressing, 55text files, 55

Pp parameter (out-host

commandlet), 51pagewise output, 51parameters, 26-27

calculated, 27-28case sensitivity, 29debugging, 171ErrorAction, 125-127Filter, 211filtering output, 28

flags, linking, 420include, 211LDAP queries, 349list

get-eventlogcommandlet, 290

get-wmiobjectcommandlet, 148

.NET class constructors,130

object pipelines, 46p, 51placeholders, 29quotation marks, 26sequence, 27start-process

commandlet, 270parentheses ( ) in

methods, 64passwords (user

accounts), 340paths, 85-86, 323-325pausing

print jobs, 288scripts, 122

performance counters,292-293

periods of time, 103permissions (file shares),

225-228ping-host commandlet,

296, 438pinging computers, 295Pipeline Processor, 47-49pipelines

| (vertical line), 43calculations, 76classic commands, 46complex, 48-49content, analyzing, 59

alias properties, 68code properties, 68

470 Index

ETS, 69-70get-member

commandlet, 62, 66-69

get-pipelineinfocommandlet, 60

methods, 64note properties, 67properties, 65property sets, 66script properties, 67

creating, 43features, 13heterogeneous

content, 72intermediate steps, view-

ing, 76objects, 44

castrating, 73-74comparing, 78filtering objects, 70-72grouping, 74-75HTML files, 251methods, 45-46orientation, 44parameters, 46sorting, 74XML, 248

output, 49printing, 55single values, 53-54standard, 51-53suppressing, 55text files, 55

Pipeline Processor, 47-49

ramifications, 78user input, 56

authentication dialogboxes, 58

dialog boxes, 57input box, 56

placeholders, 29plus sign (+) operator,

54, 108policies

execution, 119group, 367

classes, 367creating links, 369-370deleting links, 370-372enumerating, 367-369

pop-location commandlet,438

PowerShellAnalyzer, 164Community Extensions.

See PSCXdocumentation

website, 449download website, 449Help, 169IDE, 156-157Pipeline Processor,

47-49remoting website, 449Script Language.

See PSLPowerShell

2.0, 445-447PowerShellPlus, 19, 158

debugging, 21, 163functions, 158installing, 19IntelliSense

commandlets, 159-160.NET classes, 161path names, 160variables, 162

PrimalScript,compared, 166

testing, 20variables, viewing all, 164website, 19

PowerShellPlus Editor, 22PowerTab, 156predefined variables, 93PrimalScript, 165

IntelliSenseclass names, 169commandlets, 168parameters, 168

PowerShellPlus,compared, 166

website, 166WPS script output, 167

printersconnections, 287jobs, 287-289listing all, 286output, 55print jobs, 287-289status, 286

priority parameter (start-processcommandlet), 270

processes, 267ending, 270enumerating, 267-268filtering, 268running, 11starting, 269-270waiting for ending, 271

product activation settings, 282

profiles, 189-195programming directory

services, 325ADSI property cache, 329binding meta objects to

directory entries,325-326

container objects, 331directory entries

attributes, 328-329creating, 332

Index 471

deleting, 332existence, checking, 327

impersonation, 327object properties, 330

properties, 65alias, 68code, 68directory objects, 330files

customizing, 214date/time information,

214viewing, 213

note, 67PSSnapIn, 179script, 67WMI classes, 142-144

Property attribute(DirectoryEntryclass), 318

property sets, 66Prosser, Karl, 164provider factories, 384providers, 83-84

independent data access,382-383

listing of, 84viewing, 84

PSCX (PowerShellCommunityExtensions), 17, 181

Active Directory navigation, 361

commandlets, 181-182downloading, 17executable files

commandlets, 214installing, 17LDAP filters, 358testing, 18website, 181, 449

PSL (PowerShell ScriptLanguage), 89

arrays, 105-106associative, 106-108declaring, 105defining, 105joining, 105listing, 105multidimensional, 106

command separation, 90comments, 90control structures,

110-112data types, 92date and time, 102-103

periods of time, 103remote computers, 104setting, 104

hash tables, 106-108accessing, 107defining, 107joining, 108

help, 90numbers, 96-98

assigning to untypedvariables, 96

hexadecimal, 96random, 98

operators, 108-109strings, 99

customizing, 100joining, 102splitting, 101

variables, 91constant values, 95data types, 91-93declaring, 91example, 94predefined, 93resolution, 95

PSSnapIn property(CmdletInfoclass), 179

public folders, managing, 305

PurgeAccessRules( )method, 421

push-locationcommandlet, 438

Qqueries

LDAPexample, 350executing, 351filters, 358search example, 352syntax, 349-350user login name

searches, 353-354WQL, 147

Questextensions (Active

Directory), 365Management Shell for

Active Directory,183-184

quotation marks (“ ”) inparameters, 26

Rramifications (pipelines), 78random numbers, 98Read right, 404read-host commandlet,

56, 438ReadAndExecute right, 404ReadAttributes right, 404ReadData right, 405ReadExtendedAttributes

right, 405

472 Index

readingACEs, 410-411ACLs, 408-409binary files, 238directory entry

attributes, 328registry keys, 253-255system owners, 417text files, 235-236XML files, 241

ReadPermissions right, 405recovery settings, 283reflection mechanism, 44RefreshCache( )

method, 329registry, 253

data types, 257drives, defining, 255example, 257-258keys

copying, 254creating, 254deleting, 254entries, 255-257hierarchy script,

115-117reading, 253-254

navigating, 81commandlets, 84drives, 83-84providers, 83-84

regular expressions, 71relational operators, 72remote computers, date

and time, 104remove-directoryentry

commandlet,362, 438

remove-item commandlet,206, 212, 254, 438

remove-itempropertycommandlet,257, 438

remove-mountpointcommandlet, 439

remove-psdrivecommandlet, 439

remove-pssnapincommandlet, 439

remove-reparsepointcommandlet, 439

remove-variablecommandlet, 439

RemoveAccessRule( )method, 421

rename-item commandlet,206, 212, 439

rename-itempropertycommandlet, 439

renamingfiles/folders, 212users, 342

resize-bitmapcommandlet, 439

resolution (variables), 95resolve-assembly

commandlet,215, 439

resolve-host commandlet,299, 439

resolve-path commandlet,439

resources (security classes), 407

restart-servicecommandlet,277, 439

restricting output, 52resume-service

commandlet, 439retrieving files from HTTP

servers, 300-301rights (access), 403-406RSS feeds, 301running processes,

viewing, 11

Sschemas (Active

Directory), 338script mode, 14-15, 156scripts

DataSet providersindependent example,

394-395specific example,

391-393debugging, 21digital signatures,

120-121dot sourcing, 118errors, 122

creating, 128handling, 125-127history, 128standard reactions, 127trap blocks, 128trapping example,

123-125Exchange Server scripts

website, 451pausing, 122properties, 67registry key hierarchy,

115-117security, 118-119software inventory,

260-261starting, 117user accounts,

creating, 14SCVMM (System Center

Virtual MachineManager), 185

SDDL (Security DescriptorDefinitionLanguage), 416

ACLs, configuring, 425-426

names, 416-417

Index 473

SDK website, 450SDs (security descriptors),

225, 402search queries (ADSI), 319searching

Active Directory, 314indexed attributes, 354multivalued attributes,

355-356result restrictions, 357star operator, 356

software inventory, 260text files, 237XML files, 244

security, 402access rights, 403-406ACLs, 402

ACEs, 402adding ACEs, 418-419configuring, 425-426deleting ACEs,

421-423reading ACEs,

410-411transferring, 424

classes, 406control holders, 408inheritance

hierarchy, 406ObjectSecurity, 406reading ACLs, 408-409resources, 407

descriptors (SDs), 225, 402

owners, reading, 417scripts, 118-119SIDs

displaying, 414SDDL names, 416-417well-known, 414-416

user accounts, 402Security Descriptor

Definition Language.See SDDL

security descriptor (SDs),225, 402

security identifiers. See SIDs

select-object commandlet,70, 73, 439

select-string commandlet,237, 439

select-xml commandlet,244-246, 439

selecting WMI objects, 146

SelectNodes( ) method(XMLDocumentclass), 229, 244

SelectSingleNode( )method(XmlDocumentclass), 244

semicolons (;) in commands, 90

send-smtpmailcommandlet,302, 439

sending e-mail, 302sequence (parameters), 27serial numbers

(computers), 282servers

HTTP, 300-301SQL, 376virtual web servers

adding, 308-311deleting, 311listing, 307

servicesattributes, 278configuration,

customizing, 278-279dependent, 274-276directory, 325

access, 313ADSI. See ADSI

binding meta objectsto directory entries,325-326

container objects, 331directory entries, 332directory entry

attributes, 328-329directory entry exis-

tence, checking, 327impersonation, 327object properties, 330paths, 323-325www.IT-Visions.de

commandlets,362-364

enumerating, 272-273installed, viewing, 13installing, 278starting, 276-277stopping, 277

set-acl commandlet, 401, 440

set-alias commandlet, 30, 440

set-authenticodesignaturecommandlet,120, 440

set-clipboard commandlet,200, 440

set-content commandlet,206, 440

binary files, 238text files, writing, 236

set-datarow commandlet,396

set-datatable commandlet,396

set-date commandlet, 104, 440

set-dbtable commandlet,440

set-directoryvaluecommandlet,362, 440

474 Index

set-distributiongroupcommandlet, 304

set-executionpolicycommandlet,119, 440

set-filetime commandlet,214, 440

set-foregroundwindowcommandlet, 440

set-item commandlet, 206, 440

set-itemproperty com-mandlet, 214, 440

set-location commandlet,206, 254, 441

set-privilege commandlet,441

set-psdebug commandlet,173, 441

set-service commandlet,278, 441

set-tracesourcecommandlet,173, 441

set-variable commandlet,441

set-volumelabelcommandlet,210, 441

SetInfo( ) method, 317settings (computers),

281-283SharePoint Provider

website, 449SIDs (security

identifiers), 402displaying, 414SDDL names, 416-417well-known, 414-416

signing scripts, 120-121single value output, 53-54SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer

Protocol), 302

SmtpClient class, 302snap-ins

adding, 175commandlets, 179listing, 178loading in WPS console,

175-176Snover, Jeffrey, 117software, 259

autostart, 263installed list of, 262installing, 263inventory

script, 260-261searching, 260solution with WPS, 8solution with WSH,

5-7viewing, 259

not installed withWindows Installer,262

uninstalling, 264versions, viewing, 282

sort-object commandlet,74, 441

sorting objects, 74Split( ) method, 101split-path commandlet,

441split-string commandlet,

101, 441splitting strings, 101SQL Servers, listing avail-

able, 376standard output, 51-53

pagewise, 51restricting, 52

star operator (*), 108, 356start-process commandlet,

269-270, 441start-service commandlet,

277, 441

start-sleep commandlet,122, 441

start-tabexpansioncommandlet, 441

start-transcriptcommandlet, 441

startingprocesses, 269-270scripts, 117services, 276-277

static members.NET classes, 130WMI classes, 144

step-by-step debugging,173

stop-process commandlet,270, 441

stop-service commandlet,277, 441

stop-terminalsessioncommandlet, 441

stop-transcriptcommandlet, 441

stopping services, 277storage limitations (public

folders), 305String class, 99strings, 99

customizing, 100joining, 102representation, 60splitting, 101

subroutines, 112Subtract( ) method, 103suspend-service

commandlet, 442symbolic links, 220Synchronize right, 405syntax

commandlets, 26LDAP queries, 349-350

Index 475

logical operators, 72regular expressions, 71relational operators, 72

System Center VirtualMachine Manager(SCVMM), 185

system information, 187-188

system owners, reading, 417

System.Managementobject model, 135

System.Managementnamespacedocumentationwebsite, 450

Ttab completion, 13, 153TakeOwnership right, 405targets (junction

points), 219terminating errors, 122test-assembly commandlet,

214, 442test-dbconnection

commandlet,396, 442

test-path commandlet, 442test-xml commandlet,

243, 442testing

Exchange Server 2007functionality, 303

PowerShellPlus, 20-22PSCX, 18

text filescontent, deleting, 236reading, 235-236searching, 237writing to, 236-237

time and date, 102-103periods of time, 103remote computers, 104setting, 104

TimeSpan class, 103ToDateTime( )

method, 145ToString( ) method, 60trace-command

commandlet, 442tracing, 173transferring ACLs, 424Traverse right, 405tree-object commandlet,

78, 442trial and error website, 451type indicators (WMI

classes), 139

UUninstall( ) method

(Win32_Productclass), 264

uninstallingsoftware, 264WPS, 10

update-formatdatacommandlet, 442

update-typedatacommandlet, 442

user accountsActive Directory,

335-338authentication, 341creating, 339-340deleting, 342moving, 343passwords, 340renaming, 342

creating, 14security, 402

user administrationActive Directory

authentication, 341deleting users, 342moving users, 343renaming users, 342user accounts, 339-340user class attributes,

335-338WMI, 314-315

usersadding to groups, 345deleting from

groups, 346input, 56

authentication dialogboxes, 58

dialog boxes, 57input box, 56

object user interfacemapping website, 450

profile script, 188

Vvariables, 91

constant values, 95data types, 91-93declaring, 91example, 94predefined, 93resolution, 95

VBScript command con-versions website, 451

verbose parameter, 171-172

vertical line (|) forpipelines, 43

viewingcommandlets list, 35computer settings,

281-283directory content,

210-212

476 Index

drive free space (file system), 208, 210

drives list, 206-207environment

variables, 283executable files, 215file properties, 213hardware information,

284-285installed services, 13objects, 198-200pipeline intermediate

steps, 76providers, 84running processes, 11SIDs, 414software inventory,

259, 262virtual web servers

adding, 308-311deleting, 311listing, 307

Vista user account control, 155

Wwaiting for process

ending, 271WebClient class, 300websites

Active Directoryschema, 450

AD AccessChange/Break inRC2, 449

Cmdlet developmentguidelines, 450

Cmdlet help, 450data providers, 375ETS, 450Exchange Management

Shell, 451

Exchange Server scripts, 451

Group PolicyManagementConsole with ServicePack 1, 450

Help Editor, 449LDAP search filters, 450.NET Framework

3.0 Redistributablepackage, 10

class library documentation forFileSystemRightsenumeration, 450

Community, 449Framework regular

expressions, 450tools and software

componentsreference, 449

NetCmdlets from nsoftware, 450

PowerShellAnalyzer, 165documentation, 449download, 449Help, 169remoting, 449

PowerShellPlus, 19PrimalScript, 166PSCX, 17, 181, 449SDK, 450SharePoint Provider, 449System.Management

documentation, 450trial and error, 451user object user

mapping, 450VBScript command

conversions, 451Windows PowerShell

graphical help file, 449

WMI schema class reference, 450

WPS download, 9www.IT-Vision.de WPS

extensions, 183well-known security

principals, 414-416WhatIf parameter, 171where-object commandlet,

70, 442wildcards, 29Win32_Computersystem

class, 281Win32_Desktop class, 315Win32_LogicalDisk class

drive free space, viewing, 209-210

drives, viewing, 207Win32_NetworkAdapter-

Configurationclass, 296

Win32_NTLogEvent class, 291

Win32_Operating Systemclass, 281

Win32_PerfRawData class, 292

Win32_Product class, 259Win32_Service class, 277Win32_Share class, 221Win32_StartupCommand

class, 263Win32_Trustee class, 226windows

console, 11input, 196, 198

Windows FormsPropertyGridcontrol, 198

Windows PowerShell. See WPS

Index 477

WMI (WindowsManagementInstrumentation), 135

classes, 135available, listing, 148collections,

accessing, 146IIsApplicationPool,

305IIsComputer, 305IIsWebServer, 305IIsWebService, 305IIsWebVirtualDir, 305instances, creating, 149object access, 137-138object adapter, 139object analysis, 140object filtering/

selecting, 146-147properties/methods,

142-144queries, 147static class

members, 144System.Management

object model, 135type indicators, 139Win32_Computer-

system, 281Win32_Desktop, 315Win32_LogicalDisk,

207-210Win32_NetworkAdapter

Configuration, 296Win32_NTLogEvent,

291Win32_Operating-

System, 281Win32_PerfRawData,

292Win32_Product, 259Win32_Service, 277

Win32_Share, 221Win32_Startup-

Command, 263Win32_Trustee, 226WPS support, 136

date format conversions, 145

groups, managing, 314-315

objectsaccessing, 137-138adapter, 139analysis, 140

schema class referencewebsite, 450

users, managing, 314-315WMI Query Language

(WQL), 147WorkingDirectory parame-

ter (start-processcommandlet), 270

WPS (Windows PowerShell).See also scripts

definition, 3benefits, 5console, 151

command history, 186-187

command mode, 154functions, 152interpreter mode, 154PowerTab, 156snap-ins, loading,

175-176tab completion, 153Vista user account

control, 155downloading, 8graphical help file

website, 449history, 4-5installing, 8-10

interactive mode, 11-14console window, 11event logs, filtering, 14installed services,

viewing, 13pipeline features, 13running processes,

viewing, 11tab completion, 13

script mode, 14-15software inventory

solution, 8uninstalling, 10WMI support, 136

WQL (WMI QueryLanguage), 147

Write right, 405write-bzip2 commandlet,

442write-clipboard

commandlet,200, 442

write-debug commandlet,442

write-error commandlet,53, 442

write-gzip commandlet,442

write-host commandlet,53, 442

write-output commandlet,443

write-progresscommandlet, 443

write-tar commandlet, 443write-verbose

commandlet, 443write-warn commandlet,

53write-warning

commandlet, 443

478 Index

write-zip commandlet,220, 443

WriteAttributes right, 405WriteData right, 406WriteExtendedAttributes

right, 406writing

binary files, 238directory entry

attributes, 329text files, 236-237

WSH software inventorysolution, 5, 7

www.IT-Visions.de extensions, 183

Active Directory, 362-364

database access, 396-399

X–ZXML files, 241

checking, 242-243converting to XHTML

files, 249customizing, 246DataSet exports/

imports, 395formatting, 244object pipeline, 248reading, 241searching with XPath,

244XMLDocument class,

229, 244XPath, 244