copyright 2002, delmar, a division of thomson learning chapter 4 developmental assessment
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Copyright 2002, Delmar, A division of Thomson Learning
Chapter 4
Developmental Assessment
Copyright 2002, Delmar, A division of Thomson Learning
Competencies Identify the defining concepts and principles of
major developmental theories. Assess patients’ developmental levels by applying
the major developmental theories. Incorporate appropriate developmental tasks
associated with each life stage into a patient’s assessment.
Select appropriate developmental assessment tools for use in screening a patient for developmental difficulties.
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Developmental Theories Ages and stages
Developmental stage Developmental tasks
Life event/transitional
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Ages and Stages Developmental Theories Piaget’s theory of cognitive
development (1952) Stages
Sensorimotor Preoperational Concrete operations Formal operational
(continues)
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Ages and Stages Developmental Theories Freud’s psychoanalytic theory of
personality development (1946) Personality
Ego Superego
(continues)
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Ages and Stages Developmental Theories Psychosexual stages
Oral Anal Phallic Latency Genital
(continues)
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Ages and Stages Developmental Theories Erikson’s Epigenic theory of
personality (1974) Stages
Trust vs. Mistrust Autonomy vs. Shame and doubt Initiative vs. Guilt Industry vs. Inferiority (continues)
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Ages and Stages Developmental Theories Stages in Erikson's Epigenic theory
(cont.) Identity vs. Role confusion Intimacy vs. Isolation Generativity vs. Stagnation Ego integrity vs. Despair
(continues)
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Ages and Stages Developmental Theories Kohlberg’s theory of moral
development (1981) Levels
Preconventional Conventional Postconventional
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Developmental Stages, Tasks, and Life Events Stages
Infancy (birth to 1 year) Toddler (1 to 3 years) Preschool (3 to 6 years) School-age (6 to 12 years) Adolescent (12 to 18 years) Young adult (18 to 30 years) Early middle age (30 to 50 years) Late middle age (50 to 70 years) Late adulthood (70 years to death)
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Stage 1: Infancy Rapid physical, motor, cognitive,
emotional, and social growth Major task is weaning Sensorimotor (Piaget) Oral (Freud) Trust vs. Mistrust (Erikson)
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Growth and Development During Infancy Gross motor Fine motor Language Sensory
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Stage 2: Toddler Steadily increasing motor
development and control Intense activity and discovery Rapid language development Increasingly independent behaviors Marked personality development
(continues)
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Stage 2: Toddler Gross motor Fine motor Language Sensory
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Developmental Theories During Toddlerhood Sensorimotor to preoperational
(Piaget) Anal (Freud) Autonomy vs. Shame and doubt
(Erikson) Preconventional level—moral stage
(Kohlberg)
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Stage 3: Preschool Focused on developing initiative
and purpose Preoperational (Piaget) Phallic (Freud) Initiative vs. Guilt (Erikson) Individualism, instrumental
purpose, and exchange (Kohlberg)(continues)
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Stage 3: Preschool Fine motor Gross motor Language Sensory
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Stage 4: School-age Reduce dependency on family for
socialization, begins to socialize with peers Preoperational to concrete operations
(Piaget) Latency (Freud) Industry vs. Inferiority (Erikson) Conventional level—mutual expectations,
relationships, and conformity (Kohlberg)
(continues)
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Stage 4: School-age Fine motor Gross motor Language Sensory
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Stage 5: Adolescent Period of struggle and turmoil Formal operations (Piaget) Genital (Freud) Identify vs. Role confusion
(Erikson) Conventional level—social system
and conscience (Kohlberg)(continues)
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Stage 5: Adolescent Fine motor Gross motor Language Sensory
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Stage 6: Young Adult Time of separation and independence from the
family Marked by new commitments, accountability,
responsibilities Key developmental tasks Formal operations (Piaget) Intimacy vs. Isolation (Erikson) Postconventional level—social contract or
utility and individual rights (Kohlberg)
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Stage 7: Early Middle Age Settle into career, lifestyle, relationships Develop political, civic, social,
professional, religious affiliations Key developmental tasks Generativity vs. Stagnation (Erikson) Postconventional level—social contract
or utility (Kohlberg)
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Stage 8: Late Middle Age Development of chronic disease Changes in relationships, affiliations Key developmental tasks Generativity vs. Stagnation
(Erikson) Universal ethical principles stage
(Kohlberg)
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Stage 9: Late Adulthood Time for adjustments Changes in health, relationships,
affiliations Key developmental tasks Ego integrity vs. Despair (Erikson) Universal ethical principles stage
continues (Kohlberg)
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Stages of the Family Life Cycle Leaving home Joining of families Families with young children Families with adolescents Launching children Families in later life
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(continues)
Developmental Assessment Tools Infants to young school-age children
Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment (BNBAS)
Denver II Revised Prescreening Developmental
Questionnaire (R-PDQ) Early Language Milestones Scale
(ELM)
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Developmental Assessment Tools
Carey Infant and Child Temperament Questionnaire
Washington Guide to Promoting Development in the Young Child
Stress Scale for Children Adolescents
HEADSS (home, education, activities, drugs, sex, and suicide) adolescent risk profile
(continues)
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Developmental Assessment Tools Children with disabilities
NGAGED (now, growth and development, activities of daily living, general health, environment, and documentation)
Adults Recent Life Changes Questionnaire Life Experiences Survey
(continues)
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Developmental Assessment Tools
Everyday Hassles Scale (EHS) Stress Audit Sense of coherence (SOC) Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
Older adults Functional Activities Questionnaire (FAQ) Folstein Mini-Mental Status Examination
(MMSE)
(continues)
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Developmental Assessment Tools
Functional Assessment Screening in the Elderly (FASE)
Nursing home residents Minimum Data Set for Nursing Facility
Resident Assessment and Care Screening
Families Calgary Family Assessment Model (CFAM) Friedman Family Assessment Model
(FFAM)