copyright 2005 - 2009: hi tech criminal justice, raymond e. foster police technology police...
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Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster
Police Technology Police Technology Chapter SevenChapter Seven
Communications Communications Dispatch CentersDispatch Centers
Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster
Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives
How hardwired and wireless How hardwired and wireless universal universal emergency numberemergency number calls reach a calls reach a public safety answering pointpublic safety answering point..
What kinds of information are What kinds of information are automatically included in a 9-1-1 callautomatically included in a 9-1-1 call
Basic functions of Basic functions of computer aided computer aided dispatchdispatch systems systems
Basic functions of an Basic functions of an intelligent intelligent transport systemtransport system
Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster
IntroductionIntroduction
The dispatch center’s The dispatch center’s primary purpose: primary purpose:
Manage calls for Manage calls for service from the service from the public public
Provide Provide communication and communication and information support to information support to field field police officerspolice officers
Some center’s are the Some center’s are the first point of collection first point of collection of police statisticsof police statistics
Photograph provided by Gary Allen, Dispatch Monthly Magazine
Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster
Public Safety Answering PointPublic Safety Answering Point
The first task of the dispatch center is to be the The first task of the dispatch center is to be the
public safety answering point (PSAP)public safety answering point (PSAP)
Today, 9-1-1 calls go to the PSAP
Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster
Universal Emergency NumberUniversal Emergency Number
Before 9-1-1, people Before 9-1-1, people
could: could: dial the operator or dial the operator or dial the police (fire, dial the police (fire,
ambulance) directlyambulance) directly
The telephone operator was The telephone operator was the de facto public safety the de facto public safety answering point. answering point.
Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster
Universal Emergency NumberUniversal Emergency Number
When 9-1-1 service began, you When 9-1-1 service began, you were connected with your PSAP, were connected with your PSAP, but only your telephone number but only your telephone number was available to the PSAP. No was available to the PSAP. No address, name, etc. address, name, etc.
Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster
Universal Emergency NumberUniversal Emergency Number
Your telephone sends out an Your telephone sends out an automatic automatic identification number (AIN)identification number (AIN) signal (the signal (the telephone number and a digit telephone number and a digit representing the area code). representing the area code).
Think about your own caller ID system. The number you see on the display is the AIN signal, IF you pick up, you hear the voice signal!
Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster
When a 9-1-1 call is made, the voice When a 9-1-1 call is made, the voice signal and the AIN pass through the signal and the AIN pass through the local exchange carrier switch and local exchange carrier switch and are routed through the 911 tandem. are routed through the 911 tandem.
The tandem reads the AIN and The tandem reads the AIN and forwards the call to the appropriate forwards the call to the appropriate PSAP.PSAP.
Universal Emergency NumberUniversal Emergency Number
Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster
Universal Emergency NumberUniversal Emergency Number
Enhanced 9-1-1Enhanced 9-1-1 automatically automatically queries a telephone company queries a telephone company database that converts AIN database that converts AIN information into the physical location information into the physical location of the telephone. of the telephone.
The information on the location is the The information on the location is the automatic location information (ALI)automatic location information (ALI)
Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster
Universal Emergency NumberUniversal Emergency Number
Your telephone number and location are automatically displayed to the PSAP operator
Screen capture provided by Crimestar, Inc
Telephone Number
Location
Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster
What about cellular 9-1-1 calls?What about cellular 9-1-1 calls?
ANI information is obtained in a similar ANI information is obtained in a similar manner….manner….
But, cellular telephone do not have a fixed But, cellular telephone do not have a fixed location…….in the past, cellular telephones location…….in the past, cellular telephones determined the default PSAP by transferring determined the default PSAP by transferring your call to a regional agency, like the state your call to a regional agency, like the state police.police.
Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster
Angle on Arrival (AOA).Angle on Arrival (AOA).
A cellular telephone A cellular telephone location can be location can be determined using Time determined using Time Distance on Arrival and Distance on Arrival and Angle on Arrival Angle on Arrival
Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster
Angle on Arrival (AOA).Angle on Arrival (AOA).The signal from at least The signal from at least
two cell sites is used to two cell sites is used to
calculate the position of calculate the position of
the vehicle the vehicle
Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster
Angle on Arrival (AOA).Angle on Arrival (AOA).Based on the position Based on the position
as as calculated, the cellular calculated, the cellular system routes the call system routes the call to the appropriate to the appropriate PSAP, PSAP,
Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster
Computer-Aided DispatchComputer-Aided Dispatch
CAD describes CAD describes software software applications and applications and hardware that assist hardware that assist in the management in the management of dispatching calls of dispatching calls for service. for service.
It is a management It is a management tool that automates tool that automates the many functions the many functions of a dispatch center. of a dispatch center.
Photograph provided by Randall Larson, Editor, 9-1-1 Magazine
Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster
Computer-Aided DispatchComputer-Aided Dispatch
Also provides access to other Also provides access to other databases and acts as interface databases and acts as interface software in the two-way voice software in the two-way voice communications between dispatch communications between dispatch and the field units. and the field units.
Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster
Computer-Aided DispatchComputer-Aided Dispatch
CAD systems are CAD systems are used by many used by many companies that companies that dispatch vehicles – dispatch vehicles – delivery, taxis, delivery, taxis, buses, etc.buses, etc.
Photograph provided by Randall Larson, Editor, 9-1-1 Magazine
Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster
Computer-Aided DispatchComputer-Aided Dispatch
The most important part of The most important part of CAD is theCAD is the
software and various other software and various other systemssystems
with which CAD can interface. with which CAD can interface.
The workstation is The workstation is connected to the connected to the commercial telephone commercial telephone networknetwork
It captures information It captures information about 9-1-1 calls and field-about 9-1-1 calls and field-generated incidents – generated incidents – constructs a huge constructs a huge relational databaserelational database
Photograph provided by Randall Larson, Editor, 9-1-1 Magazine
Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster
Computer-Aided DispatchComputer-Aided Dispatch
On the strategic side, a fully On the strategic side, a fully integrated CAD system can be integrated CAD system can be sued to sued to
Assess deployment needsAssess deployment needs Provide information on problem Provide information on problem
locationslocations Provide the initial incident Provide the initial incident
number that will be sued to number that will be sued to reference all subsequent reference all subsequent evidence, reports, and police evidence, reports, and police activitiesactivities
Photograph provided by Randall Larson, Editor, 9-1-1 Magazine
Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster
Some PSAPs Some PSAPs
Handle emergency calls for police, Handle emergency calls for police, fire, and emergency medical servicesfire, and emergency medical services
Handle the police, but transfer Handle the police, but transfer fire/medical calls fire/medical calls
Have dispatchers handling business Have dispatchers handling business calls throughout the police stationcalls throughout the police station
Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster
Obtain Info
Location?
Offense?
Weapons?
Descriptions?
Caller Info?
Update Info
Keep Caller on Line
CALL RECEIVED
Emergency?
Yes?
E 9-1-1 provides ANI and converts the info into the call for service. Verify ANI info
Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster
Obtain Info
Location?
Offense?
Weapons?
Descriptions?
Caller Info?
Update Info
Keep Caller on Line
CALL RECEIVED
Emergency?
Yes?
No? Transfer?
Provide info Yes?
No?
Information?
Yes?
No?
Cold Crime?No?
Other Action
Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster
Obtain Info
Location?
Offense?
Weapons?
Descriptions?
Caller Info?
Update Info
Keep Caller on Line
CALL RECEIVED
Emergency?
Yes?
No? Transfer?
Provide info Yes?
No?
Information?
Yes?
No?
Cold Crime?No?
Other Action
Yes?
Obtain Info
Offense?
Location?
When?
Caller Info?
Contact at?
Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster
Nonemergency Points of ContactNonemergency Points of Contact
3-1-1: Non-emergency 3-1-1: Non-emergency telephone calls (some telephone calls (some jurisdictions)jurisdictions)
4-1-1: Directory 4-1-1: Directory informationinformation
6-1-1: Telephone repair6-1-1: Telephone repair
Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster
Intelligent Transportation SystemsIntelligent Transportation Systems
ITS allows dispatcher ITS allows dispatcher access to real-timeaccess to real-time
Traffic information from: Traffic information from: Closed-circuit television Closed-circuit television
(CCTV)(CCTV) cameras cameras Sensors under the Sensors under the
street.street.
Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster
Intelligent Transportation SystemsIntelligent Transportation Systems
Can give emergency Can give emergency responders information responders information on:on: Nature of emergencyNature of emergency Best Route to locationBest Route to location
Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster
Police TechnologyPolice Technology
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