copyright 2006 - john wiley & sons, inc. chapter 3 – interactive technologies hci: developing...

Copyright 2006 - John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Chapter 3 – Interactive Technologies

HCI: Developing Effective Organizational Information Systems

Dov Te’eniJane CareyPing Zhang


Road Map

6Affective

Engineering

9Organizational

Tasks

4Physical

Engineering7

Evaluation8

Principles & Guidelines

11Methodology

12Relationship, Collaboration

& Organization

10Componential

Design

3Interactive

Technologies

5Cognitive

Engineering

Context Foundation Application

Additional Context

1Introduction

2Org &

BusinessContext

13Social &

Global Issues

14Changing Needs of ITDevelopment & Use


Learning Objectives

Understand and discuss human perception and interactive technologies that support the various sensory perceptors including: Vision Audition Touch

Understand and discuss interactive input technologies including: Keyboards Pointing devices


Understand voice recognition interactive input devices.

Understand touch-related haptic interactive input devices.

Understand and discuss visual display interactive output technologies.

Understand and discuss voice synthesis. Understand the human–computer interaction (HCI)

implications of all these technologies. Understand the HCI implications of wireless,

wearable, and other emerging technologies.

Learning Objectives


Introduction

This chapter explores interactive technologies. We have confined this chapter to the exploration of

only those technologies that interact with the user and thus support human-computer interaction.

This chapter is organized around input devices and output devices.

We also introduce new technologies such as the wireless PDA (Personal Digital Assistant).

We also discuss the physical constraints imposed by these new technologies to fit the design.


Sensory Perception and Interactive Input Devices

Input Device is any machine that feeds data into a computer.

Vision: Keyboards Keyboard is the set of typewriter-like keys

that enable the user to enter data into the computer.


Vision: Keyboards

Figure 3.1 Traditional Keyboard Figure 3.2 Split Keyboard


Vision: Pointing Devices

Pointing Device controls the movement of the cursor on a display screen.

There are six different interaction tasks that can be performed by pointing or manipulation devices: Select (point and click), Position (drag and click), Orient (rotate), Path (combination of orient and position

movements), Quantify (point and click), and Text (the pointing device merely initiates

the position where the text is to begin and then gives control to the keyboard).


Types of Pointing Devices mice (Figure 3.3) graphic tablets track balls Joysticks pen-based input touch screens (Figure 3.4) light pens voice




Figure 3.3 Mouse Figure 3.4 Touch Screen Figure 3.5 Graphics Tablet


Audition: Voice Recognition

Voice Recognition is the ability of the computer to recognize human speech.

The four major types of conversational tasks: Composition tasks Transcription tasks Transaction task Collaboration tasks


Touch- Haptic Devices

Haptic devices generate sensation to the skin and muscles through touch, weight, and rigidity.


Output Devices

Output Device is a machine capable of representing data from a computer. Visual Display is an output device that is

capable of rendering data from a computer. Data may take the form of graphic, tabular, text or other.


Output Devices

Synthesized speech is appropriate when: The required message is short and simple, The message needs an immediate response, The user/receiver is visually occupied, The environment is too brightly or poorly lit for

ordinary visual displays to be used, The user is moving around too much to visually

attend to a single screen, or No screen exists but an audio receiver does (e.g.,

telephone).


Output Devices

Printers Ink-jet Laser Color printers


Output Devices – Non-speech auditory

In some environments and for some tasks, non-speech auditory outputs such as beeps are very useful.

An auditory non-speech output is any sound that is generated by the computer or other device that can be detected by the human ear but is not speech-related.


Wearable Devices

There is a great deal of interest in the design and implementation of wearable computer devices that are small, durable, and useful particularly in a military setting.

Vision enhancement, translation (text-to-speech, speech-to-text, and language-to-language), pen-based input, navigation, environmental scanning, and detection are among the many tasks performed by wearable devices.

Small GPS (global positioning systems) are often a critical component of these devices.


Wireless Devices

Wireless devices: Devices connected to networks and other devices through non-wire media such as infrared signals. We have many improved tools to support our

everyday life. Mobile or wireless devices are allowing people to compute on the run.

Personal digital assistants (PDA), text-based cell phones, palm tops, and other small, portable devices are abundant.


Virtual Devices

Virtual devices are those that support virtual reality interaction.

Virtual reality is an artificial environment that simulates reality.

There are many interaction devices for the world of virtual reality. A combination of exotic headgear, gloves, and body suits orient the user to the virtual world.


Virtual Devices

Figure 3.8 Virtual reality glove


Summary

This chapter presents various technologies that interact with the user. Input devices

Keyboards Mice Joysticks Track balls Voice input Haptic devices


Summary

Output Devices Monitors Printers Auditory output Voice synthesis

Also discussed are wearable, wireless, and virtual devices.

copyright 2006 - john wiley & sons, inc. chapter 3 – interactive technologies hci: developing...

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