copyright 2011 creativechemistrylessons.comcreativechemistrylessons.com essential question can you...
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Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
Essential Question
Can you explain which of the electrons in an atom, if any, possess the most importance, and why?
Can you explain which of the electrons in an atom, if any, possess the most importance, and why?
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
Make This Table
ELEMENTNAME
OUTER LEVEL ELECTRONS
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Can You Figure it Out?
Build HYDROGEN with M&Ms
How many OUTER LEVEL electronsdoes it have?
Build HYDROGEN with M&Ms
How many OUTER LEVEL electronsdoes it have?
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
Can You Figure it Out?
Put your answer in your remote
Put your answer in your remote
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
■ Protons
■ Neutrons
■ Electrons
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
■ Protons
■ Neutrons
■ Electrons
1OuterLevel
Electron
1OuterLevel
Electron
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
Solution
HYDROGEN has 1 OUTER LEVEL ELECTRON.
HYDROGEN has 1 OUTER LEVEL ELECTRON.
ELEMENTNAME
OUTER LEVEL ELECTRONS
HYDROGEN 1
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Can You Figure it Out?
Build HELIUM with M&MsHow many OUTER LEVEL electrons does it have?
Build HELIUM with M&MsHow many OUTER LEVEL electrons does it have?
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
Can You Figure it Out?
Put your answer in your remote
Put your answer in your remote
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
■ Protons
■ Neutrons
■ Electrons
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
■ Protons
■ Neutrons
■ Electrons
2OuterLevel
Electrons
2OuterLevel
Electrons
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Solution
HELIUM has 2 OUTER LEVEL ELECTRONS.
HELIUM has 2 OUTER LEVEL ELECTRONS.
ELEMENTNAME
OUTER LEVEL ELECTRONS
HYDROGEN 1
HELIUM 2
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
Can You Figure it Out?
Build LITHIUM with M&MsHow many OUTER LEVEL electrons does it have?
Build LITHIUM with M&MsHow many OUTER LEVEL electrons does it have?
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
Can You Figure it Out?
Put your answer in your remote
Put your answer in your remote
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
■ Protons
■ Neutrons
■ Electrons
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
■ Protons
■ Neutrons
■ Electrons
1OuterLevel
Electron
1OuterLevel
Electron
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
Solution
LITHIUM has 1 OUTER LEVELELECTRON.
LITHIUM has 1 OUTER LEVELELECTRON.
ELEMENTNAME
OUTER LEVEL ELECTRONS
HYDROGEN 1
HELIUM 2
LITHIUM 1
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
Can You Figure it Out?
Build BERYLLIUM with M&Ms
How many OUTER LEVEL electrons does it have?
Build BERYLLIUM with M&Ms
How many OUTER LEVEL electrons does it have?
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
Can You Figure it Out?
Put your answer in your remote
Put your answer in your remote
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
■ Protons
■ Neutrons
■ Electrons
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
■ Protons
■ Neutrons
■ Electrons
2OuterLevel
Electrons
2OuterLevel
Electrons
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
Solution
BERYLLIUM has 2 OUTER LEVELELECTRONS.
BERYLLIUM has 2 OUTER LEVELELECTRONS.
ELEMENTNAME
OUTER LEVEL ELECTRONS
HYDROGEN 1
HELIUM 2
LITHIUM 1
BERYLLIUM 2
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
Can You Figure it Out?
Build BORON with M&MsHow many OUTER LEVEL
electrons does it have?
Build BORON with M&MsHow many OUTER LEVEL
electrons does it have?
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
Can You Figure it Out?
Put your answer in your remote
Put your answer in your remote
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
■ Protons
■ Neutrons
■ Electrons
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
■ Protons
■ Neutrons
■ Electrons
3OuterLevel
Electrons
3OuterLevel
Electrons
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
Solution
BORON has 3 OUTER LEVELELECTRONS.
BORON has 3 OUTER LEVELELECTRONS.
ELEMENTNAME
OUTER LEVEL ELECTRONS
HYDROGEN 1
HELIUM 2
LITHIUM 1
BERYLLIUM 2
BORON 3
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
Can You Figure it Out?
Build CARBON with M&MsHow many OUTER LEVEL
electrons does it have?
Build CARBON with M&MsHow many OUTER LEVEL
electrons does it have?
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
Can You Figure it Out?
Put your answer in your remote
Put your answer in your remote
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
■ Protons
■ Neutrons
■ Electrons
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
■ Protons
■ Neutrons
■ Electrons
4OuterLevel
Electrons
4OuterLevel
Electrons
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
Solution
CARBON has 4 OUTER LEVELELECTRONS.
CARBON has 4 OUTER LEVELELECTRONS.
ELEMENTNAME
OUTER LEVEL ELECTRONS
HYDROGEN 1
HELIUM 2
LITHIUM 1
BERYLLIUM 2
BORON 3
CARBON 4
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
Can You Figure it Out?
Build FLUORINE with M&MsHow many OUTER LEVEL
electrons does it have?
Build FLUORINE with M&MsHow many OUTER LEVEL
electrons does it have?
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
Can You Figure it Out?
Put your answer in your remote
Put your answer in your remote
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
■ Protons
■ Neutrons
■ Electrons
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
■ Protons
■ Neutrons
■ Electrons
7OuterLevel
Electrons
7OuterLevel
Electrons
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
Solution
FLUORINE has 7 OUTER LEVELELECTRONS.
FLUORINE has 7 OUTER LEVELELECTRONS.
ELEMENTNAME
OUTER LEVEL ELECTRONS
HYDROGEN 1
HELIUM 2
LITHIUM 1
BERYLLIUM 2
BORON 3
CARBON 4
FLUORINE 7
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
Can You Figure it Out?
Build NITROGEN with M&MsHow many OUTER LEVEL
electrons does it have?
Build NITROGEN with M&MsHow many OUTER LEVEL
electrons does it have?
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
Can You Figure it Out?
Put your answer in your remote
Put your answer in your remote
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
■ Protons
■ Neutrons
■ Electrons
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
■ Protons
■ Neutrons
■ Electrons
5OuterLevel
Electrons
5OuterLevel
Electrons
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
Solution
NITROGEN has 5 OUTER LEVELELECTRONS.
NITROGEN has 5 OUTER LEVELELECTRONS.
ELEMENTNAME
OUTER LEVEL ELECTRONS
HYDROGEN 1
HELIUM 2
LITHIUM 1
BERYLLIUM 2
BORON 3
CARBON 4
NITROGEN 5
FLUORINE 7
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
Can You Figure it Out?
Build NEON with M&MsHow many OUTER LEVEL
electrons does it have?
Build NEON with M&MsHow many OUTER LEVEL
electrons does it have?
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
Can You Figure it Out?
Put your answer in your remote
Put your answer in your remote
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
■ Protons
■ Neutrons
■ Electrons
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
■ Protons
■ Neutrons
■ Electrons
8OuterLevel
Electrons
8OuterLevel
Electrons
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
Solution
NEON has 8 OUTER LEVELELECTRONS.
NEON has 8 OUTER LEVELELECTRONS.
ELEMENTNAME
OUTER LEVEL ELECTRONS
HYDROGEN 1
HELIUM 2
LITHIUM 1
BERYLLIUM 2
BORON 3
CARBON 4
NITROGEN 5
FLUORINE 7
NEON 8
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
Can You Figure it Out?
Build OXYGEN with M&MsHow many OUTER LEVEL
electrons does it have?
Build OXYGEN with M&MsHow many OUTER LEVEL
electrons does it have?
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
Can You Figure it Out?
Put your answer in your remote
Put your answer in your remote
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
■ Protons
■ Neutrons
■ Electrons
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
■ Protons
■ Neutrons
■ Electrons
6OuterLevel
Electrons
6OuterLevel
Electrons
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
Solution
OXYGEN has 6 OUTER LEVELELECTRONS.
OXYGEN has 6 OUTER LEVELELECTRONS.
ELEMENTNAME
OUTER LEVEL ELECTRONS
HYDROGEN 1
HELIUM 2
LITHIUM 1
BERYLLIUM 2
BORON 3
CARBON 4
NITROGEN 5
OXYGEN 6
FLUORINE 7
NEON 8
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
Did You Catch the Pattern?
How many OUTER LEVEL ELECTRONS does SODIUM have?
How many OUTER LEVEL ELECTRONS does SODIUM have?
■ Protons
■ Neutrons
■ Electrons
1112
1112
1OuterLevel
Electron
1OuterLevel
Electron
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
Did You Catch the Pattern?
How many OUTER LEVEL ELECTRONS does Magnesium have?
How many OUTER LEVEL ELECTRONS does Magnesium have?
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■ Protons
■ Neutrons
■ Electrons
1212
1212
2OuterLevel
Electrons
2OuterLevel
Electrons
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Did You Catch the Pattern?
How many OUTER LEVEL ELECTRONS does Phosphorus have?
How many OUTER LEVEL ELECTRONS does Phosphorus have?
■ Protons
■ Neutrons
■ Electrons
1516
1516
5OuterLevel
Electrons
5OuterLevel
Electrons
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
Did You Catch the Pattern?
How many OUTER LEVEL ELECTRONS does CHLORINE have?
How many OUTER LEVEL ELECTRONS does CHLORINE have?
■ Protons
■ Neutrons
■ Electrons
1718
1718
7OuterLevel
Electrons
7OuterLevel
Electrons
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
Did You Catch the Pattern?
How many OUTER LEVEL ELECTRONS does ALUMINUM have?
How many OUTER LEVEL ELECTRONS does ALUMINUM have?
■ Protons
■ Neutrons
■ Electrons
1314
1314
3OuterLevel
Electrons
3OuterLevel
Electrons
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
Did You Catch the Pattern?
How many OUTER LEVEL ELECTRONS does ARGON have?
How many OUTER LEVEL ELECTRONS does ARGON have?
■ Protons
■ Neutrons
■ Electrons
1822
1822
8OuterLevel
Electrons
8OuterLevel
Electrons
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Did You Catch the Pattern?
How many OUTER LEVEL ELECTRONS does SULFUR have?
How many OUTER LEVEL ELECTRONS does SULFUR have?
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■ Protons
■ Neutrons
■ Electrons
1616
1616
6OuterLevel
Electrons
6OuterLevel
Electrons
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
Did You Catch the Pattern?
How many OUTER LEVEL ELECTRONS does SILICON have?
How many OUTER LEVEL ELECTRONS does SILICON have?
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■ Protons
■ Neutrons
■ Electrons
1414
1414
4OuterLevel
Electrons
4OuterLevel
Electrons
What’s the Word?What’s the Word?
• Electrons that exist on Electrons that exist on the outer level of the the outer level of the atom.atom.
V A L E N C EV A L E N C EE L E C T R O N SE L E C T R O N S
PLAY ‘A IS FOR ATOM’ VIDEO AT 3:00 MIN
VALENCE ELECTRONSVALENCE ELECTRONS
• The electrons that exist on The electrons that exist on the the outer level outer level of the atom.of the atom.
• They are the only electrons They are the only electrons that are important when that are important when atoms bondatoms bond..
• The The tabletable reflects the reflects the patternpattern of valence electronsof valence electrons
Jump to Lewis DotJump to Lewis Dot
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Did You Catch the Pattern?
How many VALENCE ELECTRONS does Potassium have?
How many VALENCE ELECTRONS does Potassium have?
■ Protons
■ Neutrons
■ Electrons
1920
1920
1OuterLevel
Electron
1OuterLevel
Electron
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Did You Catch the Pattern?
How many VALENCE ELECTRONS does CALCIUM have?
How many VALENCE ELECTRONS does CALCIUM have?
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■ Protons
■ Neutrons
■ Electrons
2020
2020
2OuterLevel
Electrons
2OuterLevel
Electrons
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Did You Catch the Pattern?
How many VALENCE ELECTRONS does Scandium have?
How many VALENCE ELECTRONS does Scandium have?
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■ Protons
■ Neutrons
■ Electrons
2124
2124
2OuterLevel
Electrons
2OuterLevel
Electrons
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Did You Catch the Pattern?
How many VALENCE ELECTRONS does Titanium have?
How many VALENCE ELECTRONS does Titanium have?
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■ Protons
■ Neutrons
■ Electrons
2226
2226
2OuterLevel
Electrons
2OuterLevel
Electrons
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Did You Catch the Pattern?
How many VALENCE ELECTRONS does Chromium have?
How many VALENCE ELECTRONS does Chromium have?
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■ Protons
■ Neutrons
■ Electrons
2428
2428
1OuterLevel
Electrons
1OuterLevel
Electrons
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
Did You Catch the Pattern?
How many VALENCE ELECTRONS does Iron have?
How many VALENCE ELECTRONS does Iron have?
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■ Protons
■ Neutrons
■ Electrons
2630
2630
2OuterLevel
Electrons
2OuterLevel
Electrons
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
Did You Catch the Pattern?
How many VALENCE ELECTRONS does Copper have?
How many VALENCE ELECTRONS does Copper have?
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■ Protons
■ Neutrons
■ Electrons
2935
2935
1OuterLevel
Electrons
1OuterLevel
Electrons
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Did You Catch the Pattern?
How many VALENCE ELECTRONS does Zinc have?
How many VALENCE ELECTRONS does Zinc have?
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■ Protons
■ Neutrons
■ Electrons
3035
3035
2OuterLevel
Electrons
2OuterLevel
Electrons
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
Did You Catch the Pattern?
How many VALENCE ELECTRONS does Selenium have?
How many VALENCE ELECTRONS does Selenium have?
■ Protons
■ Neutrons
■ Electrons
3445
3445
6OuterLevel
Electrons
6OuterLevel
Electrons
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
Did You Catch the Pattern?
How many VALENCE ELECTRONS does Germanium have?
How many VALENCE ELECTRONS does Germanium have?
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■ Protons
■ Neutrons
■ Electrons
3241
3241
4OuterLevel
Electrons
4OuterLevel
Electrons
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
Did You Catch the Pattern?
How many VALENCE ELECTRONS does Krypton have?
How many VALENCE ELECTRONS does Krypton have?
■ Protons
■ Neutrons
■ Electrons
3648
3648
8OuterLevel
Electrons
8OuterLevel
Electrons
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
Did You Catch the Pattern?
How many VALENCE ELECTRONS does BROMINE have?
How many VALENCE ELECTRONS does BROMINE have?
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
■ Protons
■ Neutrons
■ Electrons
3545
3545
7OuterLevel
Electrons
7OuterLevel
Electrons
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
Did You Catch the Pattern?
How many VALENCE ELECTRONS does Strontium have?
How many VALENCE ELECTRONS does Strontium have?
■ Protons
■ Neutrons
■ Electrons
3850
3850
2OuterLevel
Electrons
2OuterLevel
Electrons
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
Did You Catch the Pattern?
How many VALENCE ELECTRONS does Tin have?
How many VALENCE ELECTRONS does Tin have?
■ Protons
■ Neutrons
■ Electrons
5069
5069
4OuterLevel
Electrons
4OuterLevel
Electrons
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
Did You Catch the Pattern?
How many VALENCE ELECTRONS does Iodine have?
How many VALENCE ELECTRONS does Iodine have?
■ Protons
■ Neutrons
■ Electrons
5374
5374
7OuterLevel
Electrons
7OuterLevel
Electrons
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
Did You Catch the Pattern?
How many VALENCE ELECTRONS does Xenon have?
How many VALENCE ELECTRONS does Xenon have?
■ Protons
■ Neutrons
■ Electrons
53127
53127
8OuterLevel
Electrons
8OuterLevel
Electrons
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
Lewis Dot Diagrams
We show how many valence electrons an element has with a Lewis Dot Diagram.
We show how many valence electrons an element has with a Lewis Dot Diagram.
LiLi BeBe BB
CC NN
LEWIS DOT DIAGRAMS = VALENCE LEWIS DOT DIAGRAMS = VALENCE ELECTRONSELECTRONS
PERIODIC TRENDSPERIODIC TRENDS
CUTCUTFO
LDFO
LD
FOLD
FOLD
CUTCUT
VALENCE ELECTRONSVALENCE ELECTRONSLewis Dot DiagramsLewis Dot Diagrams
H He
Li
Na
K
Rb
Cs
Be
Mg
Ca
Sr
Ba
B
Al
C N O F Ne
Si P S Cl Ar
Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
In Sn Sb Te I Xe
Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
d Cloud Levelsd Cloud Levels
VALENCE ELECTRONSVALENCE ELECTRONSLewis Dot DiagramsLewis Dot DiagramsTRANSITION METALSTRANSITION METALS
Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn
Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd
La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d85s2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d105s0
TRENDS OF THE TABLELewis Dot Diagram = Valence Electrons
BB CC NN OO FF
AlAl SiSi PP SS ClCl ArAr
NeNe
HeHeHH
LiLi
NaNa
KK
RbRb
CsCs
BeBe
MgMg
CaCa
SrSr
BaBa
TiTiScSc VV MnMn FeFe CoCo NiNiCrCr CuCu ZnZn GaGa GeGe AsAs SeSe BrBr
InIn SnSn SbSb TeTe II XeXe
KrKr
TlTl PbPb BiBi PoPo AtAt RnRnPtPt AuAu
ZrZrYY NbNb TcTcMoMo RuRu RhRh PdPd AgAg CdCd
TaTaHfHf WW OsOsReRe IrIr HgHgLaLa
LESSON SUMMARYLESSON SUMMARY
Identify the Idea.Identify the Idea.The concept we learned in chemistry today The concept we learned in chemistry today was __________, which is…was __________, which is…
Give a example of the idea.Give a example of the idea.For instance, _____ is a good example of For instance, _____ is a good example of conceptconcept is is exampleexample because… because…
Explain additional details of your example.Explain additional details of your example.Furthermore, Furthermore, exampleexample shows shows details details because it demonstrates…because it demonstrates…