copyright and creative commons
TRANSCRIPT
Copyrights andCreative Commons
ISOM 110 Summer 2010
Prepared and Presented by Dr. Haggen So
Released under Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong Licence
Causbys' case
Property Law
Vs
New Technology
Intellectual Property
A Strange Concept
One is Physical, Another One is Non-Material
and Non-Rival
Copyright
"Copyright Clause" in US Constitution, 1787
To promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by securing for limited Times to Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right
to their respective Writings and Discoveries.
Copyright
Limitation on Creativity
To stimulate more Creativity
Copyright
1710
Statute of Anna 14+14 yr
Copyright
1998
Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act(Mickey Mouse Protection Act) 95 yr
Prof. Lawrence Lessig
Lessig
Raised in a Republican Family
Turn Democrat with Outside Exposure
Eldred
A Passionate father who wished to encourage reading by putting
Classics on the Web
Mickey Mouse Protection Actwas a show stopper
Became a Test Case
History of Creative Commons
2001 Kick-Off2002 Six Licences
(Six Contracts)
All Rights Reserved
No Rights Reserved
©Creative
Commons
balance
purpose
licence elements:
Attribution 署名
Non-Commercial 非商業性
No Derivative Works 禁止衍生
Share Alike 相同方式共享
Attribution Non-commercial No Derivatives (by-nc-nd)
Attribution Non-commercial Share Alike (by-nc-sa)
Attribution Non-commercial (by-nc)
Attribution No Derivatives (by-nd)
Attribution Share Alike(by-sa)
Attribution(by)
6 variationsthe licences
署名 非商業性 禁止衍生(by-nc-nd)
署名 非商業性 相同方式共享(by-nc-sa)
署名 非商業性(by-nc)
署名 禁止衍生(by-nd)
署名 相同方式共享(by-sa)
署名(by)
6 個不同條款授權條款
three expressions:
Human-Readable: Commons Deed
Lawyer-Readable: Legal Code
Machine-Readable: Digital Code, Metadata
Common Deed 法律條款的摘要
Legal Code 授權條款全文
Digital Code 數碼源碼
<a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/hk/"><img alt="Creative Commons License" style="border-width:0" src="http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-nc-sa/3.0/hk/88x31.png" /></a><br />本 著作 係採用<a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/hk/">共享創意 署名-非商業性-相同方式共享 3.0 香港 授權條款</a>授權.
Search CC Licensed Works
http://hk.creativecommons.org/
Search CC Licensed Works
http://search.creativecommons.org/
License Your Works in CC
http://hk.creativecommons.org/
History of Creative Commons
2001 Kick-Off2002 Six Licences2004台灣創用 CC
2006中国大陆知识共享2008 香港共享創意
It all began when the Journalism and Media Studies
Centre was willing to take the lead
The first informal meeting was held on 30 July 2007
when Dr. Catharina Maracke, Director of CC International,
was in Hong Kong
Localization of Licences
The Legal Lead completed Two rounds public consultations CCi approved the localization of
six CC licences
Community Outreach
CC presentations at different occasions
Production of CC Education Kit
with interviews from renowned
artist, composer, writer and IT expert
Pre-Launch Event"Free Culture and Free Society:
Can the West Love Both?" The Inaugural Lee Shu Pui
Leung Wai Hing Distinguished Lecture in Digital MediaA lecture hosted by JMSC, HKU
held on 24 Oct. with Lessig giving a lecture to
the general public
Launch on 25 Oct ! !HKICC Lee Shau Kee School of
Creativity
Media Coverage
More than 20 Articles in various Newspapers
Several Radio interviewsLessig's interview was broadcast on TV
CC Video
BREAK
Highlights of Adoption
OpenRadioMySinaBlog
Kwun Tong Culture and HistoriesRTHK
OpenRadio
MySinaBlog
Kwun Tong Culture and Histories
RTHK Video
Growth of CC Works Worldwide
Local Adoption Language Type Usage: Apr 09 Usage: Aug 09 % ChgEnglish by 13,620 15,479 13.65%English by-nc 40,259 42,628 5.88%English by-nc-nd 72,466 87,679 20.99%English by-nc-sa 70,488 81,117 15.08%English by-nd 11,053 14,259 29.01%English by-sa 7,927 10,739 35.47%Chinese by 71 73 2.82%Chinese by-nc 2,834 3,635 28.26%Chinese by-nc-nd 1,488 1,952 31.18%Chinese by-nc-sa 1,393 2,920 109.62%Chinese by-nd 91 143 57.14%Chinese by-sa 98 93 -5.10% Total 221,788 260,717 17.55%
Local Adoption (cont.) Language Type Usage:Aug 09 Usage:May 10 % Chg
English by 15,479 8,870 -42.70%
English by-nc 42,628 64,447 51.18%
English by-nc-nd 87,679 55,728 -36.44%
English by-nc-sa 81,117 80,163 -1.18%
English by-nd 14,259 5,835 -59.08%
English by-sa 10,739 4,608 -57.09%
Chinese by 73 73 0.00%
Chinese by-nc 3,635 780 -78.54%
Chinese by-nc-nd 1,952 3,422 75.31%
Chinese by-nc-sa 2,920 1,962 -32.81%
Chinese by-nd 143 130 -9.09%
Chinese by-sa 93 1,223 1215.05%
Total 260,717 227,241 -12.84%
Other Systems forLegal Use without Clearance
Fair Use – Non-exhaustive Model
Fair Dealing – Exhaustive Model
Fair Use
• Applicable in the US
• Purpose and character of use• Nature of work (Factual vs Creative)• Amount of work being copied• Effect on market for work
Fair Dealing• UK, Commonwealth, HK• Prescribed in Hong Kong Copyright
Ordinance
– Research and private study– Criticism, review and news reporting– Incidental inclusion of copyright
material– Provisions for disabilities– Fair dealing for purposes instruction and
examination– Legal or Governmental Use
Fair Dealing (Cont')• Within the prescribed categories, 4 points
for considerations in Education within HKCO
– the purpose and nature of the dealing– the nature of the work– the amount and substantiality of the
portion dealt with in relation to whole work
– the effect on the potential market value of the work
Guidelines for Photocopying of Printed Works by Not-for-profit
Educational Establishments• Fair Dealing prescribed in HKCO in the
2007 amendment ultimately depends on the interpretation of the courts
• Guidelines developed by a group of users and copyright owners under the coordination of Intellectual Property Department
• Updated 2004
Guidelines (Cont.)• Articles in newspapers or periodicals - a
complete article of any length• Poems - not more than 250 words• Stories or essays - not more than 2,500
words• Textbook - not more than 2% of the
number of pages of a textbook in one month, not more than 5% in an academic year
• For articles in periodicals, poems, stories or essays - not more than 3 works from the same author for one course in an academic year
Copyright Clearance
• Use beyond Fair Dealing – Clearance Required
– Ask Author– Hong Kong Reprographic Rights
Licensing Society (HKRRLS)– Hong Kong Copyright Licensing
Association (HKCLA)– Composers and Authors Society of Hong
Kong (CASH)
Conclusion
• The current copyright system– Over-developed and Complicated– Probably biased towards the
Establishment
• Creative Commons – Simplify the System– Encourage the Respect of Copyright– Encourage Creativity
Problems
• Commercial – Business Model?
• Practical - InMediaHK
• Philosophical – What is the Commons?
Business → Dual-Licensing
• The author still own the copyright even after licensed under a CC licence
• Can negotiate other terms with any parties
• Successful example: Magnatune http://magnatune.com/
InMediaHK
Philosophical – What is the Commons?
• Compatibility between Licences - Commons without Commonality
• Problems highlighted in Wikipedia
• Resolution
Image Credits
OpenRadio Screen Capture, from http://openradiohk.com/, released under Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivative 3.0 HK Licence
MySinaBlog Screen Capture from http://mysinablog.com/, used by permission
Image Credits
Kwun Tong Culture and Histories Screen Capture, from http://www.kwuntongculture.hk/, permission through fair dealing
RTHK Creative Archive Video, please refer to http://www.rthk.org.hk/creativearchive/, used by permission
InMediaHK Screen Capture, from http://www.inmediahk.net/, used by permission
This set of slides is based on Rebecca McKinnon (2008). Creative Commons: Copyright in the digital age for Greater China and Hong Kong, from http://www.slideshare.net/rmackinnon/cc-hku-129484, released under Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 Unported Licence
Other Credits
Hong Kong Copyright Ordinance, from http://www.hklii.org/hk/legis/en/ord/528/
Director of Intellectual Property (2004) Guidelines for Photocopying of Printed Works by Not-for-profit Educational Establishments, from http://www.ipd.gov.hk/eng/intellectual_property/copyright/workshop/clarifying/Eng_guidelines_2_Aug_04.pdf
References
Bollier, D. (2009). Viral Spiral: How the Commoners Built a Digital Republic of Their Own. New York, New Press.
Creative Commons Taiwan. (2006). "Creative Commons Licenses Compatibility Wizard." Retrieved 17 Oct, 2009, from http://creativecommons.org.tw/static/choose/license/licwizeng.
References
Defining of Free Culture Works. (2008). "Defining of Free Culture Works." Retrieved 17 Oct, 2009, from http://freedomdefined.org/Definition.
Lessig, L. (2004). Free Culture: How Big Media Uses Technology and the Law to Lock Down Culture and Control Creativity. New York, Penguin.
References