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ComputersComputersTools for an Information AgeTools for an Information Age

Chapter 2Chapter 2Applications Software: Getting the Work DoneApplications Software: Getting the Work Done

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ObjectivesObjectives

Distinguish between operating systems and Distinguish between operating systems and applications softwareapplications softwareList the various methods by which individuals List the various methods by which individuals and businesses acquire softwareand businesses acquire softwareList and briefly describe various types of task-List and briefly describe various types of task-oriented softwareoriented softwareIdentify the kinds of software that are available Identify the kinds of software that are available for both large and small businessesfor both large and small businessesDiscuss ethical issues associated with softwareDiscuss ethical issues associated with softwareDescribe the functions of various computer Describe the functions of various computer professionalsprofessionals

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Applications SoftwareApplications Software

Software used to solve a particular problem Software used to solve a particular problem or perform a particular taskor perform a particular task

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Acquiring Software:Acquiring Software:Traditional WaysTraditional Ways

Custom softwareCustom software Written by programmers hired by organizationWritten by programmers hired by organization

Packaged (commercial) softwarePackaged (commercial) software Purchased from a store, catalog, or Web sitePurchased from a store, catalog, or Web site

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Acquiring Software:Acquiring Software:New WaysNew Ways

FreewareFreeware

Public DomainPublic Domain

Open-Source softwareOpen-Source software

SharewareShareware

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Buying Commercial SoftwareBuying Commercial Software

Individual copies for each computerIndividual copies for each computer

Site licenseSite license

Electronic software distributionElectronic software distribution

Application Service ProviderApplication Service Provider

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Task-Oriented SoftwareTask-Oriented Software

Often called productivity softwareOften called productivity software

Common categoriesCommon categories Word processing/Desktop publishingWord processing/Desktop publishing Electronic spreadsheetsElectronic spreadsheets Database managementDatabase management GraphicsGraphics CommunicationsCommunications OthersOthers

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Business SoftwareBusiness Software

Vertical Market softwareVertical Market software

Software for WorkgroupsSoftware for Workgroups

Small Business softwareSmall Business software

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Ethics and Application SoftwareEthics and Application Software

Piracy: the acquisition and use of illegal Piracy: the acquisition and use of illegal copies of softwarecopies of software

Counterfeiting: copying large numbers of Counterfeiting: copying large numbers of CD-ROMs or DVD-ROMs and packaging CD-ROMs or DVD-ROMs and packaging them to look like the real thingthem to look like the real thing

Unauthorized copying of software is Unauthorized copying of software is stealingstealing

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Software PiracySoftware Piracy

Examples of piracyExamples of piracy Copying software from a lab or from a friendCopying software from a lab or from a friend Buying 2 or 3 copies of software and Buying 2 or 3 copies of software and

distributing it to dozens or hundreds of distributing it to dozens or hundreds of employeesemployees

Buying 1 copy of software and installing it on Buying 1 copy of software and installing it on several computers at homeseveral computers at home

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Computers and PeopleComputers and People

Most organizations have some sort of Most organizations have some sort of information technology departmentinformation technology department Made up of people who are responsible for Made up of people who are responsible for

the organization’s computer resourcesthe organization’s computer resources Maintain data and provide services to end Maintain data and provide services to end

usersusers

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Computer PeopleComputer People

Data entry operators prepare data for Data entry operators prepare data for processingprocessingComputer operators monitor systems, keep Computer operators monitor systems, keep peripherals running, and make backupsperipherals running, and make backupsLibrarians catalog processed disks and Librarians catalog processed disks and tapestapesProgrammers design, write, test, Programmers design, write, test, implement, and maintain computer implement, and maintain computer programsprograms

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Computer PeopleComputer People

Systems analysts plan and design entire Systems analysts plan and design entire systemssystems Must have knowledge in programming, as well as Must have knowledge in programming, as well as

knowledge of the businessknowledge of the business

Network managers implement and maintain Network managers implement and maintain organization’s network(s)organization’s network(s)

Chief Information Officer (CIO) makes key Chief Information Officer (CIO) makes key technology decisionstechnology decisions A key member of the organization’s strategic A key member of the organization’s strategic

decision-making teamdecision-making team