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International and Intra-regional trade in the 21st century – transport issues/

Borderless Conference

26/27 February 2014 - Lagos

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International trade supply chain

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Logistics

Demand forecastingPurchasing

Requirements planningProduction planning

Manufacturing inventoryWarehousing

Materials handlingIndustrial packaging

Finished goods inventoryDistribution planning

Order processingTransportation

Customer serviceStrategic planning

Information technologyMarketing

Sales

Material Management

PhysicalDistribution

Supply Chain Management

The Supply Chain

Source: David, P. (2004)

Transportation

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The aim of transport and trade facilitation!

• Reduce / eliminate barriers to trade

• Increase intra-regional and external trade

• Reduce the export trade cycle

• Enable the importer to receive value more quickly

• Increase trading activity and profitability

• Promote exports

• Establish a predictable and secure supply chain

• Multimodal ‘through’ transport documents

• Control transport cost

• Increased competitiveness

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Lagos Ports Study – complex issues, not just infrastructure

• Terminal operators’ concession agreements• Use & misuse of dry ports / ICDs• Lack of container scanning capacity• Inadequate quality haulage capacity• Lack of intermodal / multimodal investment• Over complex processes and procedures• The regulatory environment• Paper based trade environment• Insufficient stakeholder co-ordination• Confusion of clearance versus release times • Infrastructure including access and road networks

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The Regional Transport Issues

Transport infrastructure – small ports, road, rail, air

Lack of competition

Inter-modal capabilities and connectivity – containerisation where appropriate

High transport costs – small loads / consolidation

Need for common standards (axle weights, height etc)

Availability and capacity of suitable haulage – chilled units / ventilated units / skeletal units

Security (personnel and cargo)

Availability of appropriate warehousing

Import / export imbalance

Requirement for facilitated corridors

Need for cabotage / return loads

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Trans african corridors

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Corridor and clusters – single window

ShipperShipper

Freight ForwarderFreight Forwarder

CustomsCustoms

CarrierCarrier

Cluster

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Transport options!