copyright prentice-hall, inc. 1998 2-1 chapter 2
TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter Chapter 22
Chapter Chapter 22
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The insides of a tower cabinet PCThe insides of a tower cabinet PC
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Data StorageData StorageAnalog versusAnalog versus DigitalDigital
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Analog to Digital CodingAnalog to Digital Coding
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Data StorageData Storage
AnalogAnalogtoto
DigitalDigitalConversionConversion
CompactDisc
AnalogSignal
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Data StorageData StorageBitsBits
Binary DigitsOn-bits & Off-bits
BitsBitsBinary DigitsOn-bits & Off-bits
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Bits on the surface of a magnetic Bits on the surface of a magnetic diskdisk
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Data in a ComputerData in a ComputerPrimary Storage - RAM (Temporary)
Secondary Storage - Disk Drives (Permanent)
Data in a ComputerData in a ComputerPrimary Storage - RAM (Temporary)
Secondary Storage - Disk Drives (Permanent)
Data StorageData Storage
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Encoding SystemsEncoding SystemsASCII & ANSIUnicode
ASCII & ANSIUnicode
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ASCII character encodingASCII character encoding
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Non-English characters representedNon-English characters representedusing 16-bit Unicodeusing 16-bit Unicode
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The Computer The Computer SystemSystem
Central Processing Unit(CPU)
Central Processing Unit(CPU)
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Parallel ProcessingParallel Processingeach auxiliary processor handles a piece of the each auxiliary processor handles a piece of the
problemproblem
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The Computer The Computer SystemSystem
Random Access Storage (RAM)DRAM - Dynamic RAMSRAM - Static RAM
RAM TechnologyCMOSSIMMs
Random Access Storage (RAM)DRAM - Dynamic RAMSRAM - Static RAM
RAM TechnologyCMOSSIMMs
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RAM chips (center) and auxiliary RAM chips (center) and auxiliary processorsprocessors
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System System MemoryMemoryROM
PROMFlash MemoryCache Memory
ROMPROMFlash MemoryCache Memory
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Flash memory common for laptopsFlash memory common for laptops
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Non-volatile memory is preferred for Non-volatile memory is preferred for its durability in rugged settingsits durability in rugged settings
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Processor Processor FunctionsFunctions
Read & Interpret Program Instructions
Direct Operation of Internal Processor Components
Control Flow of Programs & Data in & out of RAM
Read & Interpret Program Instructions
Direct Operation of Internal Processor Components
Control Flow of Programs & Data in & out of RAM
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Arithmetic Logic UnitArithmetic Logic Unit
Arithmetic & Logic unit performs all computations and logical operations
Arithmetic & Logic unit performs all computations and logical operations
2+2=4
2+2<5
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BusesBusesALALUU
FLASFLASHH
CPUCPU
RAMRAM ROMROMDevice Device
ControllersControllers
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How the Processor How the Processor WorksWorks
Execute InstructionALU
Instruction Time
Execution Time
Pla
ce R
esu
lt in
Mem
ory
ALU
to R
AM
Decod
e In
stru
ctio
nC
on
trol U
nit
Fetch InstructionRAM to Control Unit
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ProcessingProcessing
CISCRISCParallel Processing
MPP
CISCRISCParallel Processing
MPP
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RISC-based IBM System/3000RISC-based IBM System/3000
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Processor PartsProcessor PartsWord Size
16, 32 & 64 Bit Buses
SpeedMegahertz MHzMIPSFLOPS & GFLOPS
Word Size16, 32 & 64 Bit Buses
SpeedMegahertz MHzMIPSFLOPS & GFLOPS
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Cray T90 supercomputerCray T90 supercomputer64 GFLOPS (gigaflops)64 GFLOPS (gigaflops)
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Processor PartsProcessor PartsRam Capacity
KilobytesMegabytesGigabytesTerabytes
The Microprocessor
Ram CapacityKilobytesMegabytesGigabytesTerabytes
The Microprocessor
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Meaningful measurementsMeaningful measurements
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The MotherboardThe MotherboardMicroprocessorElectronic CircuitryMemory ChipsBusExpansion Slots
MicroprocessorElectronic CircuitryMemory ChipsBusExpansion Slots
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System BoardSystem Board
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Processor TypesProcessor TypesMotorola
PowerPC Intel
Pentium & Pentium Pro
MotorolaPowerPC
IntelPentium & Pentium Pro
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Advantage Intel:Momentum & Proven Track RecordAdvantage Intel:Momentum & Proven Track Record
Processor TypesProcessor TypesMotorola
PowerPC Intel
Pentium & Pentium Pro
MotorolaPowerPC
IntelPentium & Pentium Pro
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IBM/Motorola PowerPC chipIBM/Motorola PowerPC chip(Macintosh microprocessor)(Macintosh microprocessor)
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Intel Pentium MicroprocessorIntel Pentium Microprocessor(used on most PC’s)(used on most PC’s)
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Removal of etched wafers: each contains Removal of etched wafers: each contains 100-400 IC’s, and each IC contains 100-400 IC’s, and each IC contains
millions of transistorsmillions of transistors
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Connecting PeripheralsConnecting Peripherals
PortsSerialParallelDedicated KeyboardDedicated Mouse
PortsSerialParallelDedicated KeyboardDedicated Mouse
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Serial and parallel data transmissionSerial and parallel data transmission
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Expansion Expansion BoardsBoardsISA Buses
MCA & EISA BusesLocal Buses
PCI Local BusVL Bus
SCSI Bus
ISA BusesMCA & EISA BusesLocal Buses
PCI Local BusVL Bus
SCSI Bus
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PC ExpansionPC ExpansionGraphics AdapterSoundFax ModemPeripheral Device Interface
Serial & Parallel Ports
Graphics AdapterSoundFax ModemPeripheral Device Interface
Serial & Parallel Ports
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Cable modemsCable modems(very fast internet downloads)(very fast internet downloads)
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Network InterfaceSCSI Interface CardVideo CapturePC Cards
PCMCIA Technology
Network InterfaceSCSI Interface CardVideo CapturePC Cards
PCMCIA Technology
PC ExpansionPC Expansion
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External modem for laptopExternal modem for laptopusing PCMCIA expansion slotsusing PCMCIA expansion slots
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Telling Computers What To DoTelling Computers What To Do
Chapter 3Chapter 3
Coming next:Coming next: