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Cornwall Minerals Safeguarding Development Plan Document (DPD): Submission (Regulation 19/20) Consultation

Representation Form

Part 1 Your contact details You must complete this page for your representation to be accepted. The Council cannot accept anonymous representations.

Name: …Sally Norcross Webb ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Organisation (if applicable): …Mineral Exploration Limited (Minex)……………………………………………………………………………….

Address: ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Postcode: ……

Email Address: ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Please return your completed form by email: minsplanning@cornwall.gov.uk OR by post: Cornwall Council, Local Plans Team, Pydar House, Pydar Street, Truro TR1 1XU OR by hand: New County Hall reception (Truro) or any Cornwall Council One Stop Shop

before 5pm on Monday 07th August 2017

Fair Processing Notice The feedback you provide in this questionnaire will enable Cornwall Council to finalise the Minerals Safeguarding DPD and will be retained for the life of the plan. Your full name and any comments you provide will be published online and in hard copy. Regulation 22 of the Town and Country Planning (Local Planning) (England) Regulations 2012 requires all representations received to be submitted to the Secretary of State so your information will be shared with the Department of Communities and Local Government and the Planning Inspectorate. By completing this form and submitting it to the Council you are giving your consent to the processing of your personal data by Cornwall Council and that any information received by the Council, including personal data (but excluding personal contact details and any signatures), may be put into the public domain, including on the Council’s website. Publication will not include any information which you provide on the Equality Monitoring Form which will be retained for up to three months from the close of the consultation.

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Telephone number: … ………………………………………………………………………………………………. If an agent, the individual or organisation you are representing: …Representing Minex and also Westcountry Minerals Limited ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Please let us know whether you wish to be notified via the address/email address you have provided (or other specified address/email address) of the following for the emerging Cornwall Minerals Safeguarding DPD: (i) The submission of the emerging Cornwall Minerals

Safeguarding DPD for independent examination under section 20 of the Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act 2004; Yes

(ii) The publication of the recommendations of the person

appointed to carry out an independent examination of the emerging Cornwall Minerals Safeguarding DPD under section 20 of the Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act 2004; Yes

(iii) The adoption of the Cornwall Minerals Safeguarding DPD. Yes Part 2 Your comments You may append additional sheets if you need more space to respond to any of the questions. 1. Do you consider that the Cornwall Minerals Safeguarding DPD Submission

Document meets the legal and procedural requirements? Yes

Please specify your reasons below

2. A local planning authority should submit a plan for examination which it considers to be ‘sound’ – namely that it is: positively prepared, justified, effective and is consistent with national policy. Do you consider the Cornwall Minerals Safeguarding DPD Submission Document has met these tests?

Yes Please specify your reasons below

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3. Did you raise this concern during previous consultations on the Cornwall

Minerals Safeguarding DPD? No

Please give details below Not applicable 4. Please set out below any concern(s) you have with the Cornwall Minerals

Safeguarding DPD Submission Document including any change(s) you consider necessary to address this concern(s).

You will need to say how the change(s) will address your concern(s) and it would be helpful if you could put forward your suggested revised wording to the policy or text and any evidence to support the change(s). Please also state which paragraph(s) or part(s) of the policy your concern(s) and change(s) refers to. Paragraph / part of policy

Concerns, changes and reasons/evidence

Paragraph 61; and Appendix 1

Paragraph 61 states that it is important to safeguard strategic access points/areas for known metalliferous resources to facilitate the potential for future reactivation of mining and to ensure that underground mine features are not sterilised by surface non-mineral development. Our concern is that additional prospective sites where known mineralisation exists but which are not yet listed in the Safeguarding Areas (Metals) in Appendix 1, are now and may in the future become at serious risk of sterilisation by surface non-mineral development. We believe that the policy should allow for such sites to be put forward at any time for safeguarding on a rolling basis going forward to allow for appropriate review and safeguarding where necessary, within the context of the Minerals Safeguarding DPD and the Cornwall Local Plan, whether or not any planning consents for surface development exist in respect thereof. This is likely to become progressively more important to Cornwall given the current rise in metals prices (particularly tin) and the ITRI forecasts of increasing global demand for tin with limited global supply. This represents a significant economic opportunity for Cornwall in terms of direct and indirect job creation and

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Paragraph / part of policy

Concerns, changes and reasons/evidence

monetary income for Cornwall, from minerals exploration and development, and mining activity. One important example of such a site is land at South Tolgus, where significant tin resources are at risk of sterilisation. We are sending with this submission, for your information, an initial Geology Report relating to this site, containing a site plan. We now put forward this site for inclusion in the Metals section of Appendix 1: Mineral and Infrastructure Safeguarding Areas.

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Paragraph / part of policy

Concerns, changes and reasons/evidence

5. If your representation is seeking a change(s), do you wish to participate at

the examination in public? No I do not wish to participate at the examination in public

Yes I wish to participate at the examination in public yes

Equality Monitoring Form Cornwall Council is committed to ensuring that our services, policies and practices are free from discrimination and prejudice and that they meet the needs of all the community. For us to check we are providing fair and effective services, we would be grateful if you would answer the following questions. You are under no obligation to provide the information requested below, but it would help us greatly if you do.

The information you provide on this Equality Monitoring Form will be processed in accordance with the requirements of the Data Protection Act 1998 and will not be passed onto any third party. At all times, it will be treated as confidential and used only for the purpose of equality monitoring. All sensitive personal information held by Cornwall Council is held safely in a secure environment. Thank you for your assistance. About you

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Any Questions? If you have any queries relating to the consultation or the processing of data or would like the consultation material in a different format, please contact the Local Plans Team on localplan@cornwall.gov.uk or 0300 1234 151. Further information is also available at www.cornwall.gov.uk/mineralsdpd.

Consultation Deadline: 5pm on Monday 7th August 2017

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MINERALEXPLORATIONLIMITED

TheGreatSouthTolgusMine

N.A.Pe=e=BEng(Hons)ACSM,A.WeatherallBSc(Hons)ACSM&J.ColeMSc(Hons)MCSM

A report on the geology, history and prospec4vity of the Great South Tolgus Mine Se<, TolgusDowns,Redruth,Cornwall.

TableofContents1. Summary 1............................................................................................................................................

2. Loca4onandInfrastructure 1................................................................................................................

3. RegionalGeologyandaBriefhistoryofMininginCornwall 2..............................................................

4. LocalGeologyandMiningintheCamborne-RedruthArea 3..............................................................

5. GreatSouthTolgusMine 4...................................................................................................................

6. TheHistoryofGreatSouthTolgusMine 6............................................................................................

7. Explora4onPoten4al 7..........................................................................................................................

References: 7..............................................................................................................................................

1. SummaryGreatSouthTolgus isahistoriccopperminesituated intheCamborneandRedruthminingdistrict.Thisdistrictisoneoftheworld’spremier4nminingdistrictswithaverylonghistoryof4nandcopperproduc4on.AlongwithcopperGreatSouthTolgushasalsoproducedminoramountsof4nandzinc.Themainperiodofminingac4vitywasbetween1848and1871,althoughtheareawasworkedonasmallerscalebeforethis.Mineralisa4onoccursinnarrowhighgradeeast-westtrendingveins(lodes).The mine was re-opened between 1919 – 1927 a new sha\ sunk to 610m from surface andprospec4ngworkconductedatdepth. Despite sinking the sha\ to610mdepth themainbodyofgranitewhich underlies the district and hostsmuch of the 4nmineralisa4onwas not intersected.Typically4nmineralisa4onisfoundatagreaterdepthhostedingraniteandcoppermineralisa4onisfound at shallower depths hosted in overlying metasediments. South Cro\y mine worked 4ndeposits along strike from the Tolgus lodes to a depth of ~1000m un4l its closure in 1998. Noprospec4ng using modernmethods such as diamond drilling has been conducted at Great SouthTolgus. Thegranitewhichalmostcertainlyunderliesthemineatgreaterdepthhasnotbeentestedfor4nmineralisa4on.Consideringitsgeologicalloca4onandthehistoryof4nproduc4onintheareathedepthcon4nua4onsoftheTolguslodesintothegraniteshouldbeconsideredprospec4vefor4nmineralisa4on.Theminealsohasasignificanthistoryofcopperproduc4on.

2. LocaNonandInfrastructureGreatSouthTolgusmineislocatednearthehistoricminingtownofRedruthinthewestofCornwall(seeFigure1).SituatedlessthanakilometrefromRedruthtowncentre,thesiteiswithineasyaccessofallmodernservices.TheA30dualcarriagewaypassesjusttothenorthofthesite,providinggoodlinkstotherestofthecountyandeasyaccessforplantandmachinery.

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Figure1:MinelocaNon.ContainsOSdata©Crowncopyrightanddatabaseright2016.

Withthewell-establishedpopula4oncentresofCamborne,PoolandRedruthnearby,there isgoodpoten4alforalocallysourcedworkforce. Infact,duetothehistoryofthearea,itisprobablethattherearelocalworkerswithskillsandexperienceinmineralexplora4onandmining.

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3. RegionalGeologyandaBriefhistoryofMininginCornwall

ThegeologyofCornwallcanbedescribedin itsmostsimplis4cformasbeingdominatedbya largebody of granite (the Cornubian Batholith) in excess of 200 km in length, hostedwithin Devonian-Carboniferousmetasediments.Thesurfaceexpressionofthegraniteismainly(butnotrestrictedto)six large plutons / cupolas,whichwere emplaced some 280 to 300Ma ago, and have since beenunroofed.TrendingfromENE-WSW,thesearetheDartmoor,Bodmin,St.Austell,Carnmenellis,Land’sEndandtheScillyIslesgranites(seeFigure2).(h<p://myweb.4scali.co.uk/geologyofcornwall)

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Figure2:SimplifiedgeologicalmapofCornwall,fromh=p://myweb.Nscali.co.uk/geologyofcornwall/batholith.htm.

The intrusion of the Cornubian Batholith occurred during a period of post-orogenic relaxa4on,accommodatedbyextensionalongre-ac4vatedVariscanthrustfaultstrendingENE-WSW,andNW-SEstrike-slipfaults(Shail&Wilkinson,1994).Mineralisa4onrelatedtotheemplacementofthegranitewasextensiveacrossthesouthwest,predominantlyintheformoflodesconcordantwiththesepre-exis4ngstructures. Main-stagemineralisa4onwas largelyrestrictedtotheroofandmarginsofthegranite,andwasintheformof‘lodesandreplacementdepositscontainingcassiteriteandCu,As,Fe,andZnsulphides,andsheetedgreisenborderedveinswarmscontainingwolframiteandcassiteritewithminorSn,Cu,Fe,As,andZnsulphides’.Alaterincreaseinepithermalac4vityduetotheerosionoftheroofledtoafurther‘widevarietyofveinmineralisa4onincludingFe,Ba-Pb,Pb-F,Pb-Sb,U-Ni-Co-Ag-As-BiandAu-Se-Pb-Ag-Hg’.(Jacksonetal.,1989)

Duetothisextensivemineralisa4on,thesouthwestofEnglandhashadalongandlucra4vemininghistory. Tin produc4on, for example has been documented as far back as 2500 years, with anes4matedcombinedyieldforDevonandCornwallofconsiderablymorethan2,000,000of4nmetal.Duringthe19thcentury,DevonandCornwallproducedmorethan40%of theworld’scopper. Inaddi4on, arsenic, tungsten, zinc, lead, silver, iron, manganese and other minerals have beenproducedoverthecenturies.(Dines,1956)

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4. LocalGeologyandMiningintheCamborne-RedruthArea

TheGreat SouthTolgusmine is sitedwithin theMylor Slate Forma4on, close to thenorth-easternslopeof theCarnBrea granite, CarnBreabeing a satellite granite of theCarnmenellis pluton (seeFigure3). TheCarnBreagraniteandthesurroundingmetasedimentsarehosttosomeofthemosteconomicallyimportantmineraldepositsintheregion.

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Figure3:SimplifiedgeologicalmapoftheCamborne-Pool-Redruthminingarea.NotethatthehighlyproducNveminesofthe South Cro_y amalgamaNon are along strike from Great South Tolgus. From h=p://myweb.Nscali.co.uk/geologyofcornwall/cro_geo.htm.

TheworldfamousCamborne-Redruthminingdistricthasproducedanes4mated310,000tonsof4nduring the last 500 years. Historic mines in the area include East Pool, Tincro\, Roskear andDolcoath,knownastheQueenofCornishmines.Anamalgama4onofseveralofthesemines,knownasSouthCro\y,wasthelastproduc4vemineinCornwall.Sinceitsclosurein1998severalcompanieshave inves4gated the possibility of reopening the mine, most recently acquired in July 2016 byCanadabasedStrongbowExplora4onInc.(h<p://www.strongbowexplora4on.com/s/Home.asp)

Being in close proximity to the important South Cro\y mine workings, the Tolgus site has thepoten4alforthefutureextrac4onof4nandotherminerals.

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5. GreatSouthTolgusMine

AccordingtoDines(1956),Tolgus,SouthTolgusandGreatSouthTolgus(includingWhealTehidy)wereamalgamated and later included with East Pool and Agar Mine. Figure 4 shows the spa4alrela4onshipofthesemines.

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Figure4: PlanoftheGreatSouthTolgusUnitedminese=,stretchingfromGreatSouthTolgus intheEasttoEastPoolMineintheWest.FromCornwallRecordOffice,Truro.

GreatSouthTolgusmineworkedmainlyontheGreatSouthTolgusMainLode.Workingsonthelodeare shown in Figure 5. No descrip4on for this lode is given within the Great South Tolgus se<,however,thelodecon4nuesintotheWhealTehidyse<,where(underthenameofFortuneLode)itisdescribed as being 1 to 3 feet inwidth,with a strike of roughly ENE-WSWdipping 30⁰NNWand‘yielding copper ores and blende.’ The lode also passes through theWheal Agar se<,where it isknownasNorthLode.InGreatSouthTolgusse<thelodeisworkedtoamaximumof178fathoms.

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Figure5:CrosssecNonofworkingsatGreatSouthTolgusMine.FromCornwallRecordOffice,Truro.

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Dines also reports a lode called Tin Lode, which runs parallel to theMain lode, dipping at 45⁰ itintersectsMainLodeatabout150fathoms.WorkingsarerecordedonTinLodedowntoamaximumof 175 fathoms. Mill Lode and Renfree’s Lode also pass through the se< alongwith two furtherunnamed lodes encountered in crosscuts. Various other lodes are reported in surrounding se<s,whichmayormaynotalsopassthroughGreatSouthTolgus.Produc4onfiguresforthevariousse<sarelistedbelow:

• GreatSouthTolgus:1854-69,16,500tonsof6.75percentcopperoreand101tonsofblack4n.

• WhealTolgus:1820-39,33,531tonsof10percentcopperore.

• SouthWhealTolgus:1848-65,36,770tonsof7.75percentcopperoreand14tonsofblack4n.

• WhealTehidy:1853-61,2,580tonsof8.5percentcopperore.

GreatSouthTolgusmine,havingbeenpartofanamalgamatedse<, is linkedundergroundtoothernearbyminese<s(seeFigure6). Thisoffersthepoten4alforfurtherundergroundexpansionshouldthemineeverbereworked.

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Figure6:LongitudinalsecNonoftheGreatSouthTolgusUnitedMines.FromCornwallRecordOffice,Truro.

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6. TheHistoryofGreatSouthTolgusMine

Mining, principally for ores of copper, has been carried out on Tolgus Downs since at least 1714,whenitisrecordedthat37tonsofcopperoreweresold(Bullerpapers,heldintheCornwallRecordOffice,Truro).Atthesame4me,itisalsoreportedthatanexploratoryadit(tunnel)wasbeingdrivenfromtheheadofthePortreathvalley.

During the 18th century, the Tolgus lodes (planar mineralised structures) were exploited by smallopera4onsprincipallybymeansofaditsdriveninfromthevalleysides. LodesexploitedduringthisperiodincludedstructuresnamedWhealPedlarLodeandWhealHopeLode(Basse<ProposalBook,CountyRecordsOffice,Truro).

TheGreatSouthTolgusSe<comprisedtheareaofTolgusDownsboundedtotheeastandwestbythestreamswhichdefinethedowns,tothenorthbytheboundarywithSouthTolgusMineandtothesouthbytheboundarywithWhealUnion(approximatelyfromthenorthernendofRedruthBreweryto Blowinghouse Bridge). All of these boundaries have been subject to minor changes over theperiodofac4vity.AtonestagetheminewasworkedunderthenameofNorthWhealBuller.

GreatSouthTolguswasformerlyestablishedin1847underthenameofTheGreatSouthTolgusTinandCopperMiningCompany,withofficesat3ChapelStreet,Liverpool. Thisopera4onwasofshortdura4onandwassoldin1848.

From 1848 un4l 1854 themine operated as NorthWheal Buller, and had reached a depth of 70fathomsbelowtheadit level. Duringthisperiod,threeprincipalsha\swere inuse:Engine,Noel’sandFlatRod.Thisperiodwasconsistentlylossmaking.

From1854, undernewownership, themine reverted to thenameofGreat South Tolgus andwasworkedprofitablyun4l1871.In1856anewsha\namedNewSha\andanenginesha\namedLyle’sSha\were sunk fromsurface. At the same4me, theoriginalengine sha\was renamedMichell’sSha\.

Althoughprimarilyacopperproducerfrom1858un4l itsclosure,GreatSouthTolgusalsorecordedsalesof4nstone(unprocessed4nores)andminorquan44esofzincores.Itfinallyclosedin1871.

The highest level of ore produc4on was recorded in 1859, with 3265 tons of copper ores andsubsidiary 4nstone and zinc ores being sold to the value of 23722 pounds sterling. Produc4onsubsequentlydeclinedun4litsfinalclosurein1871.

In 1919, a new company called Tolgus Mines Limited was formed to prospect for economic 4nreserves. Theworks involved thedrivingof anexploratory tunnel fromEastPool andAgar to thewest,andthesinkingofanewsha\toadepthof610mfromsurface. Neither thesha\nor thetunnel discovered viable ore deposits and the projectwas abandoned in 1927. The sha\despitebeingsunktoadepthof610mdidnotintersectgraniteatdepth.

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7. ExploraNonPotenNal

GreatSouthTolgusMineissituatedwithinoneoftheworld’spremier4nminingdistricts. Itisalongstrikefrommineswithahistoryofsignificantproduc4onof4nandcopper.Itisknowntocontain4n,copperandzincmineralisa4oninaseriesofE-Wstrikinglodes. Thedistrictisalsoknowntocontaintungstenandindiummineralisa4onineconomicallysignificantquan44es.TypicallyintheCamborneandRedruthminingdistrictlodesbecomemore4nrichwithdepth,Dolcoathminebeingtheclassicexampleofthis.GreatSouthTolgushassignificanthistoriccopperproduc4on,howeverrela4velyless4n produc4on. Some prospec4ng at depthwas conducted in the early 20th century however noexplora4on using modern methods has been undertaken. Interes4ngly the driving of the Tolgustunnel did intersect a high grade tungsten lode, thus showing there is poten4al for economicmineralisa4ontobefoundatdepthinthisarea. Amodernexplora4onprogrammewouldcertainlyinvolve diamond drilling to greater depth and covering a greater strike extent than previousexplora4on.Highgrade4nmineralisa4onhasbeenproventoextendtoatleast1000mdepthinthedistrict and no explora4on has been conducted to that depth at Great South Tolgus. The recentresourcestatementreleasedbytheneighbouringSouthCro\yprovestheexistanceofhighgrade4nmineralisa4oninthearea.Withintheminingdistrict4nandtungstenmineralisa4ontypicallyoccurswithinthegraniteatdepth.Howevernoworkingorprospec4ngatGreatSouthTolgushasbeendoneatdepthintothegranite.

The fact that this package ofmineral rights neighbours that of South Cro\y adds significant valueespeciallyifthemineissuccessfullyreopened.Itisanoldminingsayingthebestplacetofindanewdeposit is intheshadowoftheheadframe:i.eyouaremostlikelytofindsomethingneartowheresomethingisknowntoexist. GreatSouthTolgusiscertainlyintheshadowofmul4plemineswithaproven record of produc4on that if they were discovered/re-opened today would be very viablemodernminingprospects.

References:

DINES, H.G. (1956): The metalliferous mining region of south-west England. HMSO Publica4ons(London),Vol.1.

JACKSON,N.J.,WILLIS-RICHARDS,J.,MANNING,D.A.C.&SAMS,M.1989.Evolu4onoftheCornubianorefield,south-westEngland:mineraldepositsandore-formingprocesses.EconomicGeology,84,1101-1133.

SHAIL,R.&WILKINSON,J.J.1994.Late-topost-VariscanextensionaltectonicsinsouthCornwall.ProceedingsoftheUssherSociety,8,262-270.

h<p://myweb.4scali.co.uk/geologyofcornwall

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