correlation between dominant biceps muscle girth and strength in

CORRELATION BETWEEN DOMINANT BICEPS MUSCLE GIRTH AND STRENGTH

IN GYM GOINNG INDIVIDUALS



CORRELATION BETWEEN DOMINANT BICEPS

MUSCLE GIRTH AND STRENGTH IN GYM GOING

INDIVIDUALS.

Group 44

Submitted by:-

Nrupa Zala (12sptpt11099),

Hemil Vyas (12sptpt11098)

Sem6, JUNE, 2015

Guided by:-

Dr. Dheli Kadachha

MPT in Rehabilitation

Assistant Professor,

SOPT, RKU.

I



CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project work entitled correlation between dominant biceps muscle girth and Strength in gym going individuals has been undertaken and

written under my supervision and it describes the original research work carried out by

Mr. Hemil Vyas and Ms. Nrupa Zala registered at RK University in 6th semester

Bachelors of Physiotherapy.

Signature of Guide

Name: Dr. Dheli Kadachha

Degree: MPT in Rehabilitation

Assistant Professor, SOPT, RKU.

II



DECLARATION

We hereby certify that we are the authors of this project work. We certify to the best of

our knowledge, our project does not infringe upon anyone’s copyright nor violate any

proprietary rights and that any ideas, techniques, quotations, or any other material from

the work of other people included in our project published or otherwise, are fully

acknowledged in accordance with the standard referencing practices. We declare that

this is a true copy of our project, including any final revisions, as approved by my project

review committee.

Signature of candidate Signature of candidate

Name of candidate: Hemil Vyas Name of candidate: Nrupa Zala

Enrolment no.: 12sptpt11098 Enrolment no.:12sptpt11099

Date: 02-06-2015 Date: 02-06-2015

Place: SOPT, RK University, Rajkot. Place: SOPT, RK University, Rajkot.

III



ACKNOWLEGEMENT

First and foremost we would like to thank our parents Mr. Amit Vyas and Mr.

Rajendrasingh Zala who are our living Gods for their valuable support and

encouragement, blessing and love which has always been a source of inspiration and

strength in accomplishing this academic task.

My heartfelt gratitude to almighty God who has guided me this far and to whom

goes all the honor and glory for the successful completion of this study.

I wish to express my regards to my Director Dr. Priyanshu Rathod, School of

Physiotherapy, R.K.University for his whole hearted guidance and meticulous

suggestions in the completion of this work and for all the facilities and support extended

to me during this study. I am extremely thankful for his constant encouragement and

inspiration during the course of this study.

With due respect, I would like to express my sincere thanks to my guide Dr.

Dheli Kadachha ,MPT in Rehabilitation, assistant professor of R.K.University, for her

judicious information, expert suggestions, valuable guidance, continuous support,

incessant reassurance during every stage of this work and interest shown in this

dissertation without which this work would not have been possible.

I would like to extend my heartfelt thanks to assistant lecturer, Dr. Shweta

Rakholiya and Dr. Kajal Anadkat for their valuable guidance, constant help and

support throughout this study and all the lecturers of my college who have taught me

and gave their valuable suggestions during the course of the study.

IV



I shall fail my duties if I don’t acknowledge my Colleagues and Friends for their

suggestions and criticism while assisting me in this study.

Last but not the least I would like to thanks all the Gym going Individuals in my

study without whom this task would not have been possible.

My sincere thanks to all the contributors whose names I might have missed but

who truly deserve my gratitude.

Signature: Signature:

Name: Hemil Vyas Name: Nrupa Zala

V



TABLE OF CONTENTS

Sr.

No. TITLE

Page

No.

1. INTRODUCTION 1

2. NEED OF THE STUDY 5

3. AIMS & OBJECTIVES 6

4. REVIEW OF LITERATURE 10

5. METHODOLOGY 14

6. RESULTS 20

7. DISCUSSION 23

8. CONCLUSION 27

9. SUMMARY 28

10. BIBLIOGRAPHY 30

11. ANNEXURES 32

LIST OF TABLES

VI



LIST OF FIGURES

SR.

NO.

TABLE PAGE

NO.

1

Correlation between dominant biceps muscle strength and girth. 22

VII



SR.

NO.

FIGURE PAGE

NO.

1. Materials use in the study

17

2. 1 R.O.M of dominant biceps muscle

19

3 Girth measurement 19

4 1 R.M test of dominant biceps muscle 19

VIII



LIST OF GRAPHS

SR.NO TABLE

PAGE

No.

1 Mean value of dominant biceps girth and its strength 23

IX



LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

1RM-1resistance maximum

Fig. : Figure.

<: less than.

>: greater than.

i.e.: that is.

X



ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Gym is place where people goes to enhance their fitness level, fitness

is a set of attributes or characteristics seen in people and which related to the ability to

perform a given set of physical activity, strength training is often carried out concurrently

to improve either sport performance or general over all condition. The majority of

research in this area has focused on the effects of strength activity involving a large

number of muscle groups as opposed to local muscular resistance exercise. So need of

the present study is to correlated whether there will be any correlation between bicep

muscle’s girth and strength in gym going individuals In our study we have employed

convenient sampling technique for choosing gym going individuals. For girth

measurement we have used measure tape and we measure dominant biceps muscle

and for strength we measure 1 R.M biceps curl test for dominant biceps muscle in gym

going individuals.

AIM: To find out correlation between dominant biceps muscle girth and strength in gym

going individuals.

METHODOLOGY: Primary data was collected from 50 gym going individuals and they

were selected for the study based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. This study is a

correlation study design and 50 subjects were selected in Talwarkar gym & Auditorium

gym Rajkot. Girth measurement was measured from dominant biceps muscle and

strength was measured by 1R.M test.

RESULTS: The statistical analysis was done by graph pad prism with Pearson

correlation test for dominant biceps girth and its strength while keeping confidence

interval at 95% and level of significance p≤0.05. Its shows positive correlation between

dominant biceps muscles garth and its strength

CONCLUSION: On the basis of result of the present study it can be concluded that

there is a strong positive correlation (r-value=0.6041) between the girth and strength of

dominant biceps muscle in gym going individuals.

KEY WORDS: Bicep muscles, strength, Girth, 1r.m curl up test.

XI



INTRODUCTION

1



Introduction

Physical fitness is defined as being in a general state of health and well-being of specifically the

ability to performed aspects of sports and occupation.[1]

It is a set of attribute or characteristics seen in people and which related to the ability to perform a

given set of physical activity.[2]

Mostly people goes gym to get fit, gym is slang for gymnasium and the Greek word gymnasium

means school of naked exercise.[3]

Equipment for the purpose of physical exercise most gym have a main work out area which primarily

consists of free weight including dumbbells, barbells, exercise machine this area often include

mirrors so that exercise can monitor and maintain correct posture during workout.[3]

It’s have cardio theatre including many type of cardiovascular training rowing machine , stationary

exerciser bike ,elliptical trainer and tread mills[3]

Another one is group exercise area based on aerobics cycling (spin cycle ) boxing , martial art, high

intensity training ,step regular and bikram yoga ,Pilates muscle training and self-defense classes

such as karv maga and Brazilian jilu-jitsu, aqua aerobics.[4]

Components of physical fitness that are skill related and sport related include agility, balance,

coordination ,power, reaction time and speed. These components of physical fitness play an

important role in one’s daily activity.[2]

Strength training is the only method of building muscle mass and strength. only after few weeks of

sustained training do muscle cells hypertrophy.[5]

Two types of muscle hypertrophy occurs in any muscle structure is myofibrils hypertrophy and

sarcoplasmic hypertrophy. Myofibril in hypertrophy refers to an actual increase in size of the muscle

fibers and sarcoplasmic hypertrophy to increase in volume of the fluid non contractile components of

muscle. Sarco means flesh and plasmic refers to plasma which is gel like material in cell containing.

[5]

2



Heavier lifting weight dose result in some sarcoplasmic hypertrophy and lighter lifting some myofibril

in the sarcoplasmic and the later vice versa.[5]

Large muscle mass dose it means to have strong muscle power depends on following things are

number of motor neuron used, strength of the impulse sent by each motor neuron, size of muscle,

intra muscular coordination and inter muscular coordination [7]

A strong person is someone who has the ability to use the maximum amount of his muscle fibers at

a given movement the use of these muscle fibers is carried out by central nervous system.

everything start at the cerebral level the command given to contract muscle goes through the nerve

in the spinal cord motor neurons that are activated the greater the quaintly of muscle fibers that will

contract. this is way training should be done with heavier the weight lift the more motor nerve will be

used simultaneously.[7]

Motor neurons can send electrical impulses to muscle with various frequencies, if the frequency is

slow the muscle contracts sluggishly. However motor neurons can send a flurry of intense impulse

that act powerfully on muscle fibers. The intensity of training developed capacity to do most

repetition possible with heavy weight.[7]

There is strong correlation between the size of muscle fibers and strength they are capable of

developing the stronger muscle fibers that is linked to a motor neuron ,the motor force will be

generated by a nerve impulse .developing muscle mass by performing weight training exercise with

weight that is around 80 percentage of maximum strength.[7]

In intramuscular coordination a sedentary person when motor neurons discharge their electrical

impulses, they do so in disorderly fashion, the muscle fibers contract in random and therefore

inefficient way through training these discharge become synchronized. the fiber being contracting

in coordination manner muscle become more efficient .everyone can achieve this by doing weight

training.[7]

Inter muscular coordination is rare that you have to contract only one muscle at time generally a

whole group of muscle is activated to produce a movement. When resistance became grater the

muscle power.[7]

3



NEED OF THE STUDY

To use the maximum amount of his muscle fibers at a given movement the use of these muscle

fibers is carried out by central nervous system. Everything start at the cerebral level the command

given to contract muscle goes through the nerve in the spinal cord motor neurons that are activated

the greater the quaintly of muscle fibers that will contract . this is way training should be done with

heavier the weight lift the more motor nerve will be used simultaneously.[7]

4



NEED OF THE STUDY

By going gym for a prolong period of time there will be suspected structural and

functional changes in terms of hypertrophy and increase in muscles strength of

dominate biceps muscles.

To check whether there is a need of muscle mass to generate more muscle

strength or not? And how much muscle bulk is able to generate the specific

amount of strength.

5



AIM AND OBJECTIVES

6



AIM & OBJECTIVES

Aim: To find out correlation between dominant biceps muscle girth and strength in gym

going individuals.

Objective:

To find out dominant biceps muscle girth in gym going individuals.

To find out dominant biceps muscle strength in gym going individuals.

To find out correlation between dominant bicep muscles girth and strength in gym going individuals.

7



HYPOTHESIS

8



HYPOTHESIS

NULL HYPOTHESIS:

There is no significant correlation between dominant biceps muscle girth and

strength in gym going individuals.

ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESIS:

There is significant correlation between dominant biceps muscle girth and

strength in gym going individuals.

9



REVIEW OF LITERATURE

10



REVIEW OF LITERATURE:

1] Lei Chen, 2013

He did study on Relationship between muscle mass and muscle strength, and the

impact of comorbidities: a population-based, cross-sectional study of older

Adults in the United States, among individuals aged 50 and older in the US, muscle

mass and muscle strength are positively correlated, independent of the associations of

age and gender with muscle mass and strength.

2] J. Strength Cond Res, 2009

The purpose of his study was to assess the association of age with muscle mass and

strength in a group of young adults before and after 12 weeks of progressive resistance

training, Eight hundred twenty-six young males and females (age 24.34 ± 5.69 yr.,

range 18–39 yr.) completed a strictly supervised 12-week unilateral resistance training

program of the dominant arm, data suggest that the muscle size and strength response

to resistance training is not influenced by age in any practical manner through the fourth

decade of life.

3] Robert F. Zoeller, 2008

Algometric scaling of isometric biceps strength in adult females and the effect of body

mass index

Isometric strength relative to CSA (N CSA-1) was not significantly different between

women of normal weight and those who were overweight/obese. However, all metrically

scaled strength, using CSA as the criterion variable, was significantly greater in

overweight/obese women compared to those of normal weight.

11



4] Serge Beliaeff, 2008

He done study on Association between Muscle Mass and Isometric Muscle Strength in

Well-Functioning Older Men and Women, This cross-sectional study examined the

relationship between errand leg muscle mass and isometric muscle strength in 465 well-

functioning women and 439 well-functioning men from the Nonage cohort

Muscle mass only explains a small part in the variations of

Isometric muscle strength in the elderly and this differs for the legs and arms.

5] .Michael newton

He did a study on strength and endurance training in 40 female athletes for 2 weeks

and they found a great increase in elbow flexor’s strength without a much increase in

muscle bulk.

6] J. Davies & D F Parker

They did study on change in strength and cross sectional area of the elbow flexors as

result of isometric training, Result shows change in muscle mass and strength after

training in both genders.

12



METHODOLOGY

13



METHODOLOGY

Study Design: Correlation study

Study Setting: Talwarkar gym & Race course gym (auditorium), Rajkot

Sampling Technique: Convenient sampling

Study Population: 50

Study Sample: Normal healthy gym going individuals from Rajkot, Gujarat

Study Duration: 2 weeks

14



CRITERIA FOR SELECTION

INCLUSION CRITERIA:-

• Age 18 to 30 years.

• Young healthy individuals going in gym at least since past 6 months.

• Both male and female, those who willing to participate.

EXCLUSION CRITERIA:-

• Previous upper limb injury within the past 6 months

• Previous upper limb surgery

15 16



MATERIALS USED IN THE STUDY

• Pen

• Paper

• Consent form

• Inch tape

• Universal Goniometer

• Assessment Performa

• Dumbbells with different weights

Fig. 1: Materials use in the study.

17



METHOD

• 50 subjects who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria are allowed to participate

in the study.

• Detailed explanation of study was given to subjects and written informed consent was

taken.

GITRH MEASUREMENT:

•Girth Measurement was taken by inch tape (upper limb circumference). [9]

•The girth of dominant biceps muscle was measured with measure tape at the

maximum girth of the biceps. [9]

And further strength measurement done through bicep 1 RM curl up test.

1 RESISTANCE MAXIMUM (1 RM) BICEPS CURL UP TEST:

1 RM curl test was done with the different weighted dumbbells and the test was done by

asking the gym going individual to lift the maximal possible weight that the person can

lift and repeat the elbow flexion and extension between 1 to 10 repetitions .[13]

18



19



RESULTS

20



RESULTS

The aim of the study was to find out the correlation between the dominant biceps

muscle and its strength. This includes 37 males and 13 females from two

different gyms situated in Rajkot city, specifically in Talwarkar gym and Race

course (auditorium) gym.

The girth of dominant biceps muscle was measured with measure tape at the

maximum girth of the biceps.

The strength of the dominant biceps was measured with 1 RM BICEPS CURL

TEST.

The statistical analysis was done by graph pad prism with Pearson correlation

test for dominant biceps girth and its strength while keeping confidence interval

at 95% and level of significance p≤0.05.

21



[Table 1: MEAN VALUE OF DOMINANT BICEPS GIRTH AND ITS

STRENGTH.]

Correlation of dominant biceps muscle girth and its strength.

0 5 10 15 20

0

10

20

30

GIRTH

ST

RE

NG

TH

[GRAPH: 1 CORRELATION OF DOMINANT BICEPS MUSCLE GIRTH AND

STRENGTH]

The Statistical analysis shows significant positive correlation between dominant bicep’s

muscle girth and strength with r value 0.6041.

DOMINENT

BICEPS

GIRTH(IN

INCHES)

DOMINENT

BICEPS

STRENGTH(1RM

TEST)

r-value p-VALUE

MEAN 12.02 15.88 0.6041 <0.00041

STANDRED

DAVIATION

1.742 6.070

22



DISCUSSION

23



DISCUSSION

The propose of the study was to find out whether there is any correlation between girth

and strength of dominant biceps muscle in gym going people.

Here this study we had taken a sample of 50 to measure the strength and girth of

dominant biceps muscle, the score was analyzed by using Pearson correlation test the

result had so strong correlation between the strength and girth of dominant biceps.

Statistically it is approved and clinically observed there is a suspect structural and

functional change in muscle which shows that there is in increase muscle and strength.

Increase in muscle mass or muscle hypertrophy occurs with an increase in size and

number of small muscle fibers or myofibrils.

Within the muscles furthermore body builders tend to have a large amount of collagen

and other non-contractile connective tissue contribute in to muscle size, report of

strength and conditioning association, muscle hypertrophy occurs by lifting moderated

weights with reduced rest period, between sets and high volume of sets and exercise.

Adaptation that occur with increase in muscle strength are slightly different from muscle

hypertrophy ,along with some muscle hypertrophy that occurs more biochemical

adaptation take place which enable lifters to lift a heavier load such.

Some biochemical change that include an increase in muscle glycogen, stored glycogen

in the muscles creating phosphate and adenosine triphosphate. Substrate stores and

additional enzyme activity needed to speed reaction for maximal energy production

improve muscle strength with heavy loads .fewer repetitions and longer recovery

periods the decrease number of repetition doesn't allow time to stimulate the growth

process as in high repetition training that produce high level of phosphate and hydrogen

ion which enhance the growth process .

Principally two different mechanism muscle's hypertrophy and neural adaption are the

basic for the development of muscle's strength. Fast twitch fiber have the greatest

hypertrophy

24



The term neural adaption is a board description encompassing number of factors such

as a selective activation of motor units ,synchronization, selective activation of

muscles,ballestic contraction increase rate coding (frequency).,increase the reflex

potential, increase recruitment of motor units & increase co-contraction of antagonists to

developed maximal force a muscle is dependent on as many active.

25



LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

The study sample size was small.

Study was done between the limited age group only.

FURTHER RECOMMENDATIONS

Study can be done with the large sample size.

Study can be performed including other fitness attributes also.

26



CONCLUSION

27



CONCLUSION On the basis of result of the present study it can be concluded that there is a strong

positive correlation between the girth and strength of dominant biceps muscle.

SUMMARY

28



SUMMARY Gym is the place where the people goes to increase their health and fitness level.

Fitness is more than simply questions of listing which activity you do or how long we do

them for.

It's generally agreed that a close relationship between the muscle bulk and its strength

but great strength is often associated with large amount of muscle mass .The propose

of the study is to check whether there is a need of muscle mass to generate more

muscle strength or not and how much muscle bulk is able to generate the specific

amount of strength.

50 subjects were taken for this study as per convince .strength was measured by 1 RM

test and girth was measured with measure tape. The data was then tabulated and

subjected to statistically analysis by Pearson correlation test.

This study concludes there is an increased muscle mass is strongly associated to their

increase muscle strength.

There is a strong positive correlation (r= 0.6041) between dominant biceps muscle and

its strength.

29



BIBLIOGRAPHY

30



BIBLIOGRAPHY

1] www.physicalfitness.wiki.org

2] www.bring it home .com

3] www.personal training .com

4] www.gym wiki .com

5] www.health wiki.org

6] htttp://www.painscience.com

7] www.humankinetic.com

8] http//www.biomedcentral.com

9] Journal of aging and physical activity 2008, 16,484-493

10] Eur jappl physiol.

Doi 10.1007/500421-008-08192

11] European general of applied physiology and occupational physiology, in 1988,

volume 57 issue 6 pp667870.

12] Author manscript j strength cod res, 2009(Oct), 23(7)1915-1920

13] www.bodybuilding.org

31

http://www.physicalfitness.wiki.org/

http://www.bring/

http://www.personal/

http://www.gym/

http://www.health/

http://www.humankinetic.com/



ANNEXURES

32



ANNEXURE 1

CONSENT FORM

STUDY TITLE: Correlation between muscle girth and muscle

strength in skeletal muscles in gym going individuals

I……………………………………………………………………………. was explained in detail about the study and the problems to be faced by me in my own language and I was given freedom to withdraw anytime during the course of study. I have understood the information stated by the investigator with a clear understanding. I am willing to participate in the study on my own risk and my signature at the bottom of this form indicates that I am participating in the study on my own interest but not on anybody’s compulsion. Participant’s signature: Date: Signature of investigator: Signature of guide:

33



ANNEXURES: 2

ASSESSMENT PERFORMA

DATE: - ……./……./2014 NAME: AGE: GENDER: HEIGHT: - …………………..Cm WEIGHT: - …………………..Kg CONTACT NO:- HISTORY:- ON OBSERVATION:- On examination: B. elbow joint

Action ROM MMT

Flexion

Extension

C .Outcome Measures

1) Bicep muscle’s Girth

2) Bicep Curl Test

34



ANNEXURES: 3

MASTER CHARTS

35

correlation between dominant biceps muscle girth and strength in

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