cosmology dr alan duffy. so what is cosmology? the study of the universe on large scales to...
TRANSCRIPT
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COSMOLOGY
Dr Alan Duffy
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So what is cosmology?
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Image credit: IMAX
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What do we know of the Universe?
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What do we know of the Universe?
The Universe is expanding
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What do we know of the Universe?
The Universe is expanding
The Universe is made of Dark Matter, Dark Energy and Baryons (atoms)
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What do we know of the Universe?
The Universe is expanding
The Universe is made of Dark Matter, Dark Energy and Baryons (atoms)
The Universe is flat
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What do we know of the Universe?
The Universe is expanding
The Universe is made of Dark Matter, Dark Energy and Baryons (atoms)
The Universe is flat
The Universe is 13.8 billion years old
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What do we know of the Universe?
The Universe is expanding
The Universe is made of Dark Matter, Dark Energy and Baryons (atoms)
The Universe is flat
The Universe is 13.8 billion years old
So how did we discover these facts?
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The expanding Universe…How do we know it’s expanding?
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H+
e-
With thanks to Kirsten Gottschalk
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The expanding Universe…
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The expanding Universe…
At rest
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The expanding Universe…
Away
At rest
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The expanding Universe…
Away
At rest
Faster…
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Image credit: Edwin Hubble, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 15 no. 3, pp.168-173
The expanding Universe… Hubble
Distance [pc]
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Image credit: Edwin Hubble, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 15 no. 3, pp.168-173
The expanding Universe… Hubble
Distance [pc]
V = H0 D
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The expanding Universe… Hubble
We can determine the age of the Universe using H0
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The expanding Universe… Hubble
We can determine the age of the Universe using H0
The Hubble time tH = 1/ H0
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The expanding Universe… Hubble
We can determine the age of the Universe using H0
The Hubble time tH = 1/ H0 ~ 1/ 70 [km/s /Mpc]
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The expanding Universe… Hubble
We can determine the age of the Universe using H0
The Hubble time tH = 1/ H0 ~ 1/ 70 [km/s /Mpc]~ 13.8 billion years
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The expanding Universe… Hubble
We can determine the age of the Universe using H0
The Hubble time tH = 1/ H0 ~ 1/ 70 [km/s /Mpc]~ 13.8 billion years
The Universe size is ~ c tH
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The expanding Universe… Hubble
We can determine the age of the Universe using H0
The Hubble time tH = 1/ H0 ~ 1/ 70 [km/s /Mpc]~ 13.8 billion years
The Universe size is ~ c tH
~ 13.8 billion light years
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The expanding Universe… Hubble
We can determine the age of the Universe using H0
The Hubble time tH = 1/ H0 ~ 1/ 70 [km/s /Mpc]~ 13.8 billion years
The Universe size is ~ c tH
~ 13.8 billion light years(however space has expanded during this time so the observable Universe is actually larger)
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The expanding Universe… Hubble
We can determine the age of the Universe using H0
The Hubble time tH = 1/ H0 ~ 1/ 70 [km/s /Mpc]~ 13.8 billion years
The Universe size is ~ c tH
~ 13.8 billion light years(however space has expanded during this time so the observable Universe is actually larger)
What happens if H0 is wrong…?
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The expanding Universe… Hubble
If we go back in time, we see that all galaxies originate from a point of near zero size
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The expanding Universe… Hubble
If we go back in time, we see that all galaxies originate from a point of near zero size
Leads to a prediction of infinite density and temperature in the Early Universe…
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The expanding Universe… Hubble
If we go back in time, we see that all galaxies originate from a point of near zero size
Leads to a prediction of infinite density and temperature in the Early Universe…
Image credit: CBS
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Image credit: NASA/ WMAP Science Team
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ATOMS
Image credit: NASA/ HST
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ATOMS
Image credit: NASA/ HST
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ATOMS
Image credit: NASA/ HST
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DARK MATTERImage credit: RobertDalsanto.com
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Image credit: NASA/ HST
DARK MATTERImage credit: RobertDalsanto.com
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Image credit: NASA/ HST
Image credit: Icecube
DARK MATTERImage credit: RobertDalsanto.com
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Image credit: NASA/ HST
DARK ENERGY
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Image credit: Ned Wright
Distance [Gpc]
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Image credit: Ned Wright
Distance [Gpc]
Further away(dimmer) than expected
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Cosmological Constant Λ
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Image credit: CBS
Image credit: NASA/ WMAP Science Team
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Image credit: NASA/ WMAP Science Team
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Image credit: NASA/ WMAP Science Team
During inflation, the Universe expands exponentially, enlarging quantum fluctuations to size of the Universe. Afterwards, scales re-enter as the Universe expands…
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The fluctuations can be studied
Image credit: NASA/ WMAP Science Team
l = 2 l = 16
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Image credit: Nolta et al 2009
LARGE SMALL
Power spectrum signal as a function of scale; l = 180o / obs
RARE
LIKELY
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Image credit: Nolta et al 2009
LARGE SMALL
Hot plasma supports soundwaves
RARE
LIKELY
Oscillations
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Image credit: Nolta et al 2009
LARGE SMALL
So how do we know what size the blobs are meant to be?
RARE
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Image credit: Nolta et al 2009
LARGE SMALL
The first peak is a wave that just fits within the horizon…
RARE
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rs
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Image credit: Nolta et al 2009
LARGE SMALL
For scales larger than the Universe nothing can collapse so flat
RARE
LIKELY
Flat
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Image credit: NASA/ WMAP Science Team
The Shape of the Universe
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Image credit: NASA/ WMAP Science Team
The Shape of the Universe
Closed
Open
Flat
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Image credit: NASA/ WMAP Science Team
The Shape of the Universe
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Image credit: NASA/ WMAP Science Team
The Shape of the Universe
Closed OpenFlat
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Image credit: NASA/ WMAP Science Team
The Shape of the Universe
Closed OpenFlat
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With thanks to Craig Booth
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With thanks to Craig Booth
With thanks Volker Springel and VirgoBeard, Bourke and Duffy (OWLS)
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2dF GRS team
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Λ-CDM Cosmology
What’s the age..? 2 or 14 billion years old
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Λ-CDM Cosmology
What’s the age..? 13.8 billion years old
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Λ-CDM Cosmology
What’s the age..? 13.8 billion years old
Shape of the Universe..? Open, Closed or Flat
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Λ-CDM Cosmology
What’s the age..? 13.8 billion years old
Shape of the Universe..? Flat
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Λ-CDM Cosmology
What’s the age..? 13.8 billion years old
Shape of the Universe..? Flat
Dominant component..? Atoms, Dark Matter,Dark Energy
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Λ-CDM Cosmology
What’s the age..? 13.8 billion years old
Shape of the Universe..? Flat
Dominant component..? Dark Energythen..? Dark Matter or Atoms
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Λ-CDM Cosmology
What’s the age..? 13.8 billion years old
Shape of the Universe..? Flat
Dominant component..? Dark EnergyDark MatterAtoms
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Λ-CDM Cosmology
Yet we’ve never known so little about our Universe
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Λ-CDM Cosmology
Yet we’ve never known so little about our Universe
96% of the Universe is ‘Dark’, i.e. unknown.
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Λ-CDM Cosmology
Yet we’ve never known so little about our Universe
96% of the Universe is ‘Dark’, i.e. unknown.
What was inflation?
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Λ-CDM Cosmology
Yet we’ve never known so little about our Universe
96% of the Universe is ‘Dark’, i.e. unknown.
What was inflation?
Will the Universe continue expanding forever?It depends if Einstein was right…
![Page 71: COSMOLOGY Dr Alan Duffy. So what is cosmology? The study of the Universe on large scales to determine its origin, evolution and, ultimately, fate…](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649ebe5503460f94bc7e29/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
Λ-CDM Cosmology
Yet we’ve never known so little about our Universe
96% of the Universe is ‘Dark’, i.e. unknown.
What was inflation?
Will the Universe continue expanding forever?It depends if Einstein was right…
Phantom Dark Energy
![Page 72: COSMOLOGY Dr Alan Duffy. So what is cosmology? The study of the Universe on large scales to determine its origin, evolution and, ultimately, fate…](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649ebe5503460f94bc7e29/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
Λ-CDM Cosmology
Yet we’ve never known so little about our Universe
96% of the Universe is ‘Dark’, i.e. unknown.
What was inflation?
Will the Universe continue expanding forever?It depends if Einstein was right…
Phantom Dark Energy
Quintessence
![Page 73: COSMOLOGY Dr Alan Duffy. So what is cosmology? The study of the Universe on large scales to determine its origin, evolution and, ultimately, fate…](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649ebe5503460f94bc7e29/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
Λ-CDM Cosmology
Yet we’ve never known so little about our Universe
96% of the Universe is ‘Dark’, i.e. unknown.
What was inflation?
Will the Universe continue expanding forever?It depends if Einstein was right…
Phantom Dark Energy
Quintessence
Maybe even General Relativity is wrong…
![Page 74: COSMOLOGY Dr Alan Duffy. So what is cosmology? The study of the Universe on large scales to determine its origin, evolution and, ultimately, fate…](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649ebe5503460f94bc7e29/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
Thanks – questions?