coue and brooks - self-mastery and autosuggestion

8/21/2019 Coue and Brooks - Self-Mastery and Autosuggestion

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/coue-and-brooks-self-mastery-and-autosuggestion 1/210

Self-Mastery and The Practice of Autosuggestion

Self-Mastery

and

The Practice of Autosuggestion

edited by Dr. Robert C. Worstell,

as part of the o Thun! "ourself TM Reference #ibrary

i

http://stores.lulu.com/robertworstell







$%ile Cou& and C. 'arry (roo!s

This )olu%e contains the co%plete boo!s*

Self-Mastery (y $%ile Cou&

first published +

The Practice of Autosuggestion C. 'arry (roo!s

first published +

ii




Table of Contents

EDITOR'S FOREWARD....................................................................1

AUTHORS' PREFACE.......................................................................4

PART ONE: Self-Mastery...................................................................

CHAPTER I - SELF MASTERY THROUGH CONSCIOUSAUTOSUGGESTION .................................................................8

INTRODUCTION ............................................................. 8THE CONSCIOUS SELF AND THE UNCONSCIOUSSELF .................................................................................. 9WILL AND IMAGINATION ..........................................11SUGGESTION AND AUTOSUGGESTION ..................15THE USE OF AUTOSUGGESTION ..............................17HOW TO TEACH PATIENTS TO MAKEAUTOSUGGESTIONS ................................................... 22

METHOD OF PROCEDURE IN CURATIVESUGGESTION .................................................................2THE SUPERIORITY OF THIS METHOD .....................!1HOW SUGGESTION WORKS .......................................!"THE USE OF SUGGESTION FOR THE CURE OFMORAL AILMENTS AND TAINTS EITHERCONGENITAL OR AC#UIRED ....................................!A FEW TYPICAL CURES ..............................................!9

CONCLUSION ................................................................"5CHAPTER II - T$%&'$() *+, P/0() % Ei3 C%&4 ............ "

CHAPTER III - O)6*(i%+) %+ $*( A&(%)&'')(i%+ C*+ D%.................................................................................................... 52

CHAPTER IV - E,&/*(i%+ *) i( O&'$( (% ............................59

CHAPTER V - A S&6 % ($ :S4*+/): *( M. Ei3 C%&4:) .

CHAPTER VI - L(() % P*(i+() T*(, ($ C%&4M($%, .......................................................................................7"

CHAPTER VII - T$ Mi*/3 Wi($i+ ...................................... 9"

iii




CHAPTER VIII - S% N%() %+ ($ ;%&+ % M. C%&4 (%P*i) i+ .....................................................................................1<<

CHAPTER I= - :E6($i+' % E6%+ >: ...........................1<"PART TWO - THE PRACTICE OF AUTOSU!!ESTION "#THE METHOD OF EMI$E COU%.............................................. 11&

CHAPTER = - T$ C3i+i/ % Ei3 C%&4 .............................. 11!

CHAPTER =I - A F % C%&4:) C&) ................................. 12

CHAPTER =II - T$ C$i3,+:) C3i+i/ ...................................1!2

CHAPTER =III - T$%&'$( i) * F%/ ......................................1"<

CHAPTER =IV - T$%&'$( *+, ($ Wi33 .................................1"9

CHAPTER =V - G+*3 R&3) ..............................................159

CHAPTER =VI - T$ G+*3 F%&3* .................................15

CHAPTER =VII - P*(i/&3* S&'')(i%+) .............................. 17"

CHAPTER =VIII - H% (% D*3 i($ P*i+ ............................ 18!CHAPTER =I= - A&(%)&'')(i%+ *+, ($ C$i3, ....................188

CHAPTER == - C%+/3&)i%+ ...................................................19"

A()t t*e E+,t(r.............................................................................. &&

A++,t,(al "((/s fr(0 Dr. W(rstell:.............................................&

M(re Res()r2es (f Iterest:............................................................&4

"((/s , t*e !( T*)/ #()rselfRefere2e $,rary:...........................................................................&3

i6




$DT/R0S 1/R$WARD

A&(%)&'')(i%+ i) *3%)( &+?+%+ i+ (%,*:) ,* *+, *'. Y(i( %, * ? /$*0( i+ N*0%3%+ Hi33:) T$i+? *+, G% Ri/$ @ *)33 *) /%+,i+' i( i( +i+ *) *3i i+ $i) 6%3&i+%&) L* %

S&//)).

I+ $i) )/%+, 3))%+ % ($ 3*((@ $ )*)

“The principle of psychology through which you canimpress your definite chief aim upon your subconsciousmind is called Auto-suggestion, or suggestion which you

repeatedly make to yourself. It is a degree of self- hypnotism, but do not be afraid of it on that account, forit was this same principle through the aid of whichNapoleon lifted himself from the lowly station of poverty- stricken orsican to the dictatorship of !rance. It wasthrough the aid of this same principle that Thomas A."dison has risen from the lowly beginning of a newsbutcher to where he is accepted as the leading inventorof the world. It was through the aid of this same

principle that #incoln bridged the mighty chasm betweenhis lowly birth, in a log cabin in the mountains of$entucky, and the presidency of the greatest nation onearth. It was through the aid of this same principle thatTheodore %oosevelt became one of the most aggressiveleaders that ever reached the presidency of the &nited'tates.

“(ou need have no fear of the principle of

Autosuggestion as long as you are sure that the ob)ectivefor which you are striving is one that will bring youhappiness of an enduring nature. *e sure that yourdefinite purpose is constructive+ that its attainment will

1

http://www.lulu.com/content/471026










bring hardship and misery to no one+ that it will bringyou peace and prosperity, then apply, to the limit of yourunderstanding, the principle of self-suggestion for the

speedy attainment of this purpose.

Hi33 ,63%0, ($ &) % *&(%)&'')(i%+ ($%&'$ * 3*')/(i%+ % $i) 36+($ 3))%+@ BA//&*( T$%&'$(.

&( ($i) )&/( '*i+, *3 0%i++/ i+ Hi33:) *00%*/$

$+ $ %( T$i+? *+, G% Ri/$ (% $30 i+' ($i) /%&+( %&( %($ D0))i%+. A( ($i) (i@ $ 36*(, $i) ,)/i0(i%+ %*&(%)&'')(i%+ (% *+ +(i /$*0(@ *+, (33) ($ *, (% &(i3i i( i+,63%0i+' 0)%+*3 *i($

%ecall what has been said about the subconscious mindresembling a fertile garden spot, in which weeds will

grow in abundance, if the seeds of more desirable cropsare not sown therein. A&T'&//"'TIN is the agencyof control through which an individual may voluntarilyfeed his subconscious mind on thoughts of a creativenature, or, by neglect, permit thoughts of a destructivenature to find their way into this rich garden of the mind.

...

0ere is a most significant fact1the subconscious mind

takes any orders given it in a spirit of absolute !AIT0,and acts upon those orders, although the orders oftenhave to be presented over and over again, throughrepetition, before they are interpreted by thesubconscious mind. !ollowing the preceding statement,consider the possibility of playing a perfectly legitimate“trick on your subconscious mind, by making it believe,because you believe it, that you must have the amountof money you are visuali2ing, that this money is alreadyawaiting your claim, that the subconscious mind 3&'Thand over to you practical plans for ac4uiring the moneywhich is yours.

2




I+ ($i) *@ %& /*+ )3-0%'* %& i+, (% '+*( ($

*i($ %& &i i+ %, (% */$i6 %& URNING DESIRE *) Hi33,)/i) i(.

&( Hi33 )$%(-$*+,) ($ /*0*i3i(i) % *&(%)&'')(i%+ %+3&)i+' i( (% 0%0 &0 %+:) *i($ *+, i+)(i33 *+ i+,%i(*3 0)%+*3*((i(&, % )&//)). A) %& *, C%&:) %i'i+*3 i+(+*(i%+*3

)()33@ %& ) ($*( i( i) *3 (% /*( +%( &)( *((i(&, /$*+')@ &(

i0%6+() i+ 0$)i/*3 $*3($ *) 33. W$i3 C%&:) %? *) 3*(($*+ W*((3:) /%+(i+&i+' )()33i+' S/i+/ % G((i+' Ri/$ *+,H**+3:) M*)( K S)(@ %& /*+ ) ($*( ($ *)%+ % ($)&//)) % *&(%)&'')(i%+ $*) )%&+, )/i+(ii/ *)i). A) 33@ ($i+(% T%*, $*) 0%*3 ($ )( 03*+*(i%+ % ($ ($% $i+,i(.

A) ($ i+,i6i,&*3 *00*+(3 $*) *+ &+3ii(, /*0*/i( (%i0%6 $i)J$ %+ *i3i(@ ($i) )i+'3 (%%3 $*) 0$*0) *+ &+3ii(,&) i+ )3-0%'*i+'.

&( I 3*6 %& $ i($ C%&:) *+, %%?): %?@ 3((i+' %&,/i, % %&)3 $% &/$ %& *+( (% i33 %&( %& )(&,i) *+,

0*/(i/ i+ )3-$30.

M &) % i( *) i+ i33i+' %&( ($ */?'%&+, $i/$ Hi33 $*,*//)) (% i+ $i) *))i6 )(&, % % ($*+ 5<< )&//))&3

&)i+))+ *+, i33i%+*i). T% *? ($i) (( *6*i3*3 (% %& +%i) 03*)& *+, 0i6i3'.

G%%, L&/? *+, G%%, H&+(i+'>

!










A2T'/RS0 PR$1AC$

THE ,i)/%6i) % Ei3 C%&4 * % )&/$ %+( % ($$*00i+)) *+, i/i+/ % ($ i+,i6i,&*3 3i ($*( i( i) ($ ,&( %*+%+ */&*i+(, i($ ($ (% 0*)) ($ %+ (% $i) 33%).

T$ 3i6) % *+ + *+, %+ * %, % ($i (&6*3& (i)() *+, 3*) % /$**/( *+, (0*+(@ $i/$@ $i3,i+' ($ %() % ($ i33@ %&3, i3, *0i,3 (% ($ i+3&+/ %*&(%)&'')(i%+.

U+%(&+*(3@ ($ ?+%3,' % ($i) ($%, $*) $i($(% +*6*i3*3 i+ E+'3*+, %+3 i+ ($ )%$*( ,(*i3, *+, (/$+i/*3 %?

% P%))% C$*3) *&,%&i+@ *+, i+ * )*33 0*0$3(@ 0i+(, 0i6*(3 M. C%&4@ $i/$ $*) +%( + 0&3i/3 0%), % )*3.

T% i33 ($i) '*0 i) ($ *i % ($ %33%i+' 0*'). T$ *,)i'+, (% 0)+( (% ($ 3**+ i+ +%+-(/$+i/*3 % ($i+%*(i%+ +/))* (% +*3 $i (% 0*/(i/ *&(%)&'')(i%+ %$i)3.

A33 *,) $% i)$ (% %(*i+ * ,0 i+)i'$( i+(% ($($%(i/*3 *)i) % *&(%)&'')(i%+ * /%+,, (% )(&,P%))% *&,%&i+:) *)/i+*(i+' %?@ S&'')(i%+ *+,A&(%)&'')(i%+.

A3($%&'$ i+ ($) 0*') ($ * %//*)i%+*3 ,i6'+/) %P%))% *&,%&i+:) 6i)@ $i) %%? *i+) %+, &)(i%+ ($

"




*&($%i(*(i6 )(*(+( %+ ($ )&/( i+,, i( i) $*,3 0%))i3i($%&( i( (% % *+ *,&*( i,* % ($ )/%0 % *&(%)&'')(i%+.

M %+ i+,(,+)) (% i( i+ i(i+' ($i) 3i((3 6%3& i) 6'*(. M. C%&:) %+ 0*0$3(@ S3-M*)(@ /*+ +% %(*i+,% ($ I+)(i(&( % ($ P*/(i/ % A&(%)&'')(i%+@ 2< G%)6+%G*,+)@ L%+,%+@ S. W. I. M ($*+?) * ,& % i++&*3?i+,+))) (% M. C%&4 $i)3.

T$*( $ i) ($ %,i+( % 0*(i+/ 6%+ ?+%) $%

$*) + i+ /%+(*/( i($ $i. I * *3)% i+,(, (% ($ R6. E+)(C$*3)@ % M*36+ Li+?@ $%@ ($%&'$ ,i)/3*ii+' )0%+)ii3i( %)% % ($ 6i) 0)), $@ $*) *, *+ (3 6*3&*3)&'')(i%+).

C. H. . MALVERN LINK@ 21 F&*@ 1922.

THE *(i*3) % ($i) 3i((3 %%? /%33/(, M. %%?),&i+' * 6i)i( $ 0*i, i+ ($ )& % 1921. H *)@ I ($i+?@ ($i)( E+'3i)$*+ (% /% (% N*+/ i($ ($ 0)) 0&0%) %)(&,i+' ($%, % /%+)/i%&) *&(%)&'')(i%+.

I+ ($ /%&) % ,*i3 6i)i() (+,i+' %6 )% ?)@ *((+,i+' /%+)&3(*(i%+)@ *+, 0i6*( /%+6)*(i%+) i($ )3@$ %(*i+, * &33 *)( % ($ ($%,@ *+, ($)$, %&( * '%%,,*3 % ($ ($% %+ $i/$ i( )().

T$ )&3() % ($i) )(&, * /%+(*i+, i+ ($ %33%i+' 0*').

M. %%?) $*) )?i3&33 )i, %+ ($ ))+(i*3) *+, 0&( ($ %*,i+ * *++ ($*( )) (% %($ )i03 *+, /3*.

5




T$ i+)(&/(i%+) 'i6+ * *03 )&i/i+( (% +*3 *+%+ (% 0*/(i/ *&(%)&'')(i%+ % $i % $)3@ i($%&( )?i+' ($ $30 %*+ %($ 0)%+.

I( i) * ($%, $i/$ 6%+ )$%&3, %33% ($ )i/? (% %(*i+$*3i+'@ ($ $*3($ (% 06+( ($ /%i+' % ,i)*) i+ ($ &(&.

i() 0*/(i/ /*+ i+)& % %&)36)@ *33 %& 3i6) 3%+'@*+ /33+( )(*( % $*3($@ %($ % ($ i+, *+, ($ %,.

E. COUE. NANCY.




PART /3$* Self-Mastery

7




C'APT$R - S$#1 MAST$R" T'R/2'C/3SC/2S A2T/S2$ST/3

(" $M#$ C/24

3TR/D2CT/3

S&'')(i%+@ % *($ A&(%)&'')(i%+@ i) &i( * + )&/(@*+, ( *( ($ )* (i i( i) *) %3, *) ($ %3,.

I( i) + i+ ($ )+) ($*( &+(i3 +% i( $*) + %+'3 )(&,i,*+, i+ /%+)&+/ %+'3 &+,)(%%, i( i) %3, /*&) i( ,*() %($ *00**+/ % *+ %+ ($ *($. I+ */( *&(%)&'')(i%+ i) *+i+)(&+( ($*( 0%)))) *( i($@ *+, i+ ($i) i+)(&+(@ % *($ i+($i) %/@ )i,) * *63%&) *+, i+/*3/&3*3 0%@ $i/$*//%,i+' (% /i/&)(*+/) 0%,&/) ($ )( % ($ %)( )&3().K+%3,' % ($i) %/ i) &)&3 (% */$ %+ % &)@ &( i( i) 0/&3i*3i+,i)0+)*3 (% ,%/(%)@ *'i)(*()@ 3*)@ *+, (% ($%) +'*', i+

($ %? % ,&/*(i%+.

?+%i+' $% (% 0*/(i/ i( /%+)/i%&)3 i( i) 0%))i3 i+ ($i)( 03*/ (% *6%i, 0%6%?i+' i+ %($) *, *&(%)&'')(i%+) $i/$* $*6 ,i)*)(%&) /%+)&+/)@ *+, )/%+,3@ /%+)/i%&)3 (%

0%6%? '%%, %+) i+)(*,@ ($&) i+'i+' 0$)i/*3 $*3($ (% ($ )i/?@*+, %*3 $*3($ (% ($ +&%(i/ *+, ($ i+'@ ($ &+/%+)/i%&)

6i/(i) % *+(i% *&(%)&'')(i%+)@ *+, (% '&i, i+(% ($ i'$( 0*($($%) $% $*, * (+,+/ (% (*? ($ %+' %+.

8




T'$ C/3SC/2S S$#1 A3D T'$ 23C/3SC/2S S$#1

I+ %, (% &+,)(*+, 0%03 ($ 0$+%+* % )&'')(i%+@% (% )0*? % /%/(3 % *&(%)&'')(i%+@ i( i) +/))* (% ?+%($*( (% *)%3&(3 ,i)(i+/( )36) i)( i($i+ &). %($ * i+(33i'+(@

&( $i3 %+ i) /%+)/i%&) ($ %($ i) &+/%+)/i%&). F% ($i) *)%+ ($

i)(+/ % ($ 3*(( '+*33 )/*0) +%(i/. I( i) $%6 *) (% 0%6 i() i)(+/ i %+ 3 (*?) ($ (%&3 (% *i+ /(*i+ 0$+%+* *+, (% 3/( * %+() &0%+ ($. L( &) (*? %i+)(*+/ ($ %33%i+' *03)

E6 %+ $*) $*, % )%+*&3i) 6 %+ ?+%) ($*( *)%+*&3i)( '() &0 *( +i'$( i($%&( *?i+'@ 3*6) $i) %% *(i($ ,))i+' $i)3 % +%(@ '%) ,%+)(*i)@ *3?) *3%+' /%i,%)@*+, *( $*6i+' /&(, /(*i+ */() % *//%03i)$, /(*i+ %?@(&+) (% $i) %%@ '%) (% , *'*i+@ *+, )$%) +( ,* ($ '*()(*)(%+i)$+( *( i+,i+' %? i+i)$, $i/$ $ $*, 3( &+i+i)$, ($,* %. I( i) $%6 $ $i)3 $% $*) ,%+ i( i($%&( i+'** % i(. W$*( %/ $*) $i) %, %, i i( i) +%( *+ &+/%+)/i%&)%/@ i+ */( $i) &+/%+)/i%&) )3

L( &) +% *i+ ($ *3*)@ (%% &+( /*) % * ,&+?*,*((*/?, ,3ii& (+). A) ($%&'$ )i, i($ *,+)) $ 0i/?)&0 ($ +*)( *0%+@ ?+i@ $*@ % $*(/$(@ *) ($ /*) * @*+, )(i?) &i%&)3 ($%) $% * &+3&/? +%&'$ (% i+ $i)6i/i+i(. O+/ ($ *((*/? i) %6@ $ /%6) $i) )+)) *+,/%+(03*() i($ $%% ($ )/+ % /*+*' *%&+, $i@ i($%&(

*3ii+' ($*( $ $i)3 i) ($ *&($% % i(. H *'*i+ i) i( +%( ($&+/%+)/i%&) )3 $i/$ $*) /*&), ($ &+$*00 *+ (% */( i+ ($i)* A+, $*( *6)i%+)@ $*( i33) /*( % %&)36)@ 6%+% &) *+, i+ 6 ,%*i+ +%( i,i*(3 i+'i+' i+(% 03*

9




'%%, /%+)/i%&) *&(%)&'')(i%+) *'*i+)( %& *, &+/%+)/i%&)*&(%)&'')(i%+)@ ($&) i+'i+' *%&( ($ ,i)*00**+/ % *33 &+&)()&i+'.

I /%0* ($ /%+)/i%&) i($ ($ &+/%+)/i%&) )3 )($*( ($ /%+)/i%&) )3 i) %(+ 0%)))), % * 6 &+3i*3 %$i3 ($ &+/%+)/i%&) )3 %+ ($ /%+(* i) 0%6i,, i($ **63%&) *+, i0//*3 % $i/$ 'i)() i($%&( %&?+%3,' ($ )*33)( 6+()@ ($ 3*)( i0%(*+( */() % %&i)(+/. F&($@ i( i) /,&3%&) *+, *//0() i($ &+*)%+i+',%/i3i( $*( i( i) (%3,. T$i) %&3, )&'')( ($*( i( i) %& &+/%+)/i%&))3 ($*( ,*)@ )i+/ i+ ,*) *//0( /i/&)(*+/) i($%&(&)(i%+@ 6+ $+ ($ * *)&,. D%+*3, T)%+ T$&)@ *) i( i) ($&+/%+)/i%&) ($*( i) )0%+)i3 % ($ &+/(i%+i+' % *33 %& %'*+)

&( ($ i+(,i* % ($ *i+@ * )&3( i) 0%,&/, $i/$ * )*($ 0**,%i/*3 (% %& ($*( i)@ i i( 3i6) ($*( * /(*i+ %'*+&+/(i%+) 33 % i33 % ($*( 3 )&/$ *+, )&/$ *+ i0))i%+@ ($

%'*+ i+ &)(i%+ ,%) i+,, &+/(i%+ 33 % i33@ % ,% 3 ($*(i0))i%+.

N%( %+3 ,%) ($ &+/%+)/i%&) )3 0)i, %6 ($ &+/(i%+)% %& %'*+i)@ &( *3)% %6 *33 %& */(i%+) $*(6 ($ *. I( i)($i) ($*( /*33 i*'i+*(i%+@ *+, i( i) ($i) $i/$@ /%+(* (% *//0(,%0i+i%+@ *3*) *?) &) */( 6+@ *+, *%6 *33@ *'*i+)( %& i33

$+ ($ i) *+(*'%+i) (+ ($) (% %/).

1<




W## A3D MA3AT/3

I %0+ * ,i/(i%+* *+, 3%%? &0 ($ %, i33@ i+,($i) ,i+i(i%+ T$ */&3( % 3 ,(i+i+' /(*i+ */(). W*//0( ($i) ,i+i(i%+ *) (& *+, &+*((*/?*3@ *3($%&'$ +%($i+' /%&3,

% *3). T$i) i33 ($*( /3*i )% 0%&,3@ *3*) i3,) (% ($

i*'i+*(i%+. I( i) *+ *)%3&( &3 ($*( *,i() % +% /0(i%+.

3*)0$> P**,%> %& i33 /3*i. N%( *( *33> O+ ($/%+(*@ i( i) ($ 0&)( (&($@ I )$*33 03.

I+ %, (% /%+6i+/ %&)3 % i(@ %0+ %& )@ 3%%? %&+,

%& *+, ( (% &+,)(*+, $*( %& ). Y%& i33 ($+ /% (% ($/%+/3&)i%+ ($*( $*( I (33 %& i) +%( *+ i,3 ($%@ %)0i+' % * )i/?

*i+ &( ($ )i03 0))i%+ % * */(.

S&00%) ($*( 03*/ %+ ($ '%&+, * 03*+? !< ( 3%+' 1%%( i,. I( i) 6i,+( ($*( 6%, i33 /*0*3 % '%i+' %%+ +, (% ($ %($ % ($i) 03*+? i($%&( )(00i+' %6 ($ ,'. &(

+% /$*+' ($ /%+,i(i%+) % ($ 0i+(@ *+, i*'i+ ($i) 03*+? 03*/, *( ($ $i'$( % ($ (%) % * /*($,*3. W$% ($+ i33 /*0*3 % *,6*+/i+' 6+ * ( *3%+' ($i) +*% 0*($ C%&3,%& $* )0*? P%*3 +%(. % %& $*, (*?+ (% )(0) %&%&3, 'i+ (% (3@ *+, i+ )0i( % 6 %( % %& i33 %&%&3, /(*i+ (% *33 (% ($ '%&+,.

W$ i) i( ($+ ($*( %& %&3, +%( *33 i ($ 03*+? i) %+ ($'%&+,@ *+, $ )$%&3, %& *33 i i( i) *i), (% * $i'$( *%6 ($'%&+, Si03 /*&) i+ ($ i)( /*) %& i*'i+ ($*( i( i) *) (%

11




'% (% ($ +, % ($i) 03*+?@ $i3 i+ ($ )/%+, /*) %& i*'i+ ($*(%& /*++%( ,% )%.

N%(i/ ($*( %& i33 i) 0%3)) (% *? %& *,6*+/ i %&i*'i+ ($*( %& /*++%(@ i( i) *)%3&(3 i0%))i3 % %& (% ,% )%. I(i3) *+, /*0+() * *3 (% *//%03i)$ ($i) *(@ i( i) /*&) ($($i+? ($ /*+ ,% i(.

V(i'% i) +(i3 /*&), ($ 0i/(& *? i+ %& i+,)($*( * '%i+' (% *33. T$i) 0i/(& (*+)%) i()3 i,i*(3i+(% */( i+ )0i( % *33 ($ %() % %& i33@ *+, ($ % 6i%3+(($) %() *@ ($ &i/? i) ($ %00%)i( (% ($ ,)i, )&3(

%&'$( *%&(.

L( &) +% /%+)i, ($ /*) % * 0)%+ )&i+' %i+)%+i*. I $ ,%) +%( *? *+ %( (% )30@ $ i33 3i &i(3 i+

,. I %+ ($ /%+(* $ (i) (% %/ $i)3 (% )30 $i) i33@ ($% %() $ *?)@ ($ % )(3)) $ /%).

H*6 %& +%( +%(i/, ($*( ($ % %& ( (% ($+* % * 0)%+ $i/$ %& $*6 %'%((+@ ($ % i( 3&,) %&@&+(i3@ )&)(i(&(i+' i+ %& i+, ($ i,* I )$*33 i+ * i+&((% ($ i,* I $*6 %'%((+@ ($ +* /%) */? (% %& % i() %+*//%, i($%&( ($ 3*)( %(

L( ($%) % %& $% * //3i)() ($ ,*) $+ %& 3*+i+' (% i,. Y%& +( *3%+' /3&(/$i+' ($ $*+,3 *) *+,i'$(+, % *33i+'. S&,,+3 /*(/$i+' )i'$( % ($ )*33)( %)(*/3i+ ($ %*, %& (i, (% *6%i, i(@ *+, ($ % %() %& *, (% ,%)%@ ($ % )&3 %& &)$, &0%+ i(.

12




W$% $*) +%( )&, % *+ *((*/? % &+/%+(%33*3 3*&'$(@$i/$ &)() %&( % 6i%3+(3 ($ % %+ (i) (% /%+(%3 i(

W$*( *) ($ )(*( % i+, % */$ 0)%+ i+ ($) ,i+(/i/&)(*+/) I ,% +%( *+( (% *33 &( I /*++%( $30 ,%i+' )% I*+( (% )30 &( I /*++%( I *+( (% ($ +* % M). S%*+, S%@ &( I /*++%( I *+( (% *6%i, ($ %)(*/3@ &( I /*++%( I*+( (% )(%0 3*&'$i+'@ &( I /*++%(.

A) %& )@ i+ */$ % ($) /%+3i/() i( i) *3*) ($i*'i+*(i%+ $i/$ '*i+) ($ 6i/(% %6 ($ i33@ i($%&( *+/0(i%+.

T% ($ )* %, % i,*) 3%+') ($ /*) % ($ 3*, $%&)$) %*, *( ($ $*, % $i) (%%0) *+, *3*) /*i) ($ *3%+'i($ $i@ $i3 ($ / E*/$ *+ % $i)3> i) *3%)( /(*i+ (%/*&) * ,*(. W$ i) ($i) I( i) /*&) i+ ($ i)( /*) ($ +i*'i+ ($*( ($ &)( '% %*,@ *+, i+ ($ )/%+, ($ i*'i+ ($*(($ * /%+&, *+, &)( 3 % ($i 3i6).

P*+&' *) &i( ** % ($ /%+(*'i%+ % *03@ ($*( i) (%)* ($ */(i%+ % ($ i*'i+*(i%+@ $+@ (% *6+' $i)3 &0%+ */$*+( %+ %*, ($ )* %*(@ $ %&'$( $i) i'')( )$0 *+,($ i( i+(% ($ )*@ /(*i+ %$*+, ($*( ($ +(i 3%/? %&3,%33%@ $i/$ i+,, $*00+,.

W $&*+ i+') $*6 * /(*i+ )3*+/ (% )$0@ *+,i+6%3&+(*i3@ * i)i)(i3 i033, (% %33% %($ 0%03:)*03)@ i*'i+i+' ($*( /*++%( ,% %($i).

I /%&3, &%( * ($%&)*+, %($ *03) &( I )$%&3, * (% % %& )&/$ *+ +&*(i%+. I /*++%( $%6 0*)) i+ )i3+/

1!




($i) */( $i/$ )$%) ($ +%%&) 0% % ($ i*'i+*(i%+@ % i+%($ %,) % ($ &+/%+)/i%&) i+ i() )(&''3 *'*i+)( ($ i33.

T$ * /(*i+ ,&+?*,) $% i)$ (% 'i6 &0 ,i+?i+'@ &($% /*++%( ,% )%. A)? ($@ *+, ($ i33 03 i+ *33 )i+/i( ($*(($ ,)i (% )%@ ($*( ,i+? ,i)'&)() ($@ &( ($*( ($ *i)i)(i3 i033, (% ,i+? *'*i+)( ($i i33@ i+ )0i( % ($ $*($ ?+% i( i33 ,% ($.

I+ ($ )* * /(*i+ /ii+*3) /%i( /i) i+ )0i( %($)36)@ *+, $+ ($ * *)?, $ ($ */(, )%@ ($ *+)I /%&3, +%( $30 i(@ )%($i+' i033, @ i( *) )(%+' ($*+ I.

A+, ($ ,&+?*, *+, ($ /ii+*3 )0*? ($ (&($ ($ *%/, (% ,% $*( ($ ,%@ % ($ )i03 *)%+ ($ i*'i+ ($/*++%( 06+( ($)36) % ,%i+' )%. T$&) $% * )% 0%&,% %& i33@ $% 3i6 ($*( * (% */( *) 3i?@ * i+ *3i(+%($i+' &( (/$, 0&00() % $i/$ %& i*'i+*(i%+ $%3,) *33 ($)(i+'). W %+3 /*) (% 0&00() $+ $*6 3*+, (% '&i,%& i*'i+*(i%+.

1"




S2$ST/3 A3D A2T/S2$ST/3

A//%,i+' (% ($ 0/,i+' *?) /*+ /%0* ($i*'i+*(i%+ (% * (%+( $i/$ *(*33 )0) ** ($ 0%% (/$$% $*) *33+ i+(% i(@ i+ )0i( % $i) %() (% '*i+ ($ *+?. T$i)(%+( )) i+,%i(*3 &( i %& ?+% $%@ %& /*+ (&+ i( %

i() /%&) *+, /%+,&/( i( (% ($ */(%@ *+, ($ %& /*+ (*+)% i()%/ i+(% %6+(@ $*(@ *+, 3/(i/i(.

I ($i) )ii3 i) +%( +%&'$@ * /%0* ($ i*'i+*(i%+ --($ *,*+ *( $% *) i( $*) + /*33, -- (% *+ &+%?+ $%)$i/$ $*) +i($ i,3 +% i+). W$*( /*+ ($ i, ,% /0( 3($i)3 '% $6 ($ $%) i)$) (% (*? $i A+, %(+ i ($3*(( &+) **@ $i) *, /* %+3 /%) (% +, i+ ($ ,i(/$. I$%6 ($ i, )&//,) i+ 0&((i+' * i,3 %+ ($ $%)@ ($ 0*()* 6),. I( i) +% 3%+' ($ $%) $% '%) $ $ 3i?)@ i( i) ($i, $% %3i') ($ $%) (% (*? $i $6 $ i)$) (% '%.

N% ($*( $*6 3*+, (% *3i ($ +%%&) 0% % ($&+/%+)/i%&) % i*'i+*(i6 i+'@ I * '%i+' (% )$% $% ($i) )3@$i($(% /%+)i,, i+,%i(*3@ /*+ *) *)i3 /%+(%33, *) * (%+(% *+ &+%?+ $%). &( % '%i+' *+ &($ i( i) +/))* (%,i+ /*&33 (% %,) ($*( * %(+ &), i($%&( i+' 0%03&+,)(%%,. T$) * ($ %,) )&'')(i%+ *+, *&(%)&'')(i%+.

W$*( ($+ i) )&'')(i%+ I( * ,i+, *) ($ */( %i0%)i+' *+ i,* %+ ($ *i+ % *+%($. D%) ($i) */(i%+ *33i)( P%03 )0*?i+'@ +%. S&'')(i%+ ,%) +%( i+,, i)( i()3. I( ,%) +%( *+, /*++%( i)( /0( %+ ($ )i+ &* +%+ /%+,i(i%+% (*+)%i+' i()3 i+(% *&(%)&'')(i%+ i+ ($ )&/(. T$i) 3*((

15




%, * ,i+, *) ($ i03*+(i+' % *+ i,* i+ %+)3 %+)3.

Y%& * *? * )&'')(i%+ (% )%%+ i ($ &+/%+)/i%&) %($ 3*(( ,%) +%( *//0( ($ )&'')(i%+@ i i( $*) +%(@ *) i( @,i')(, i(@ i+ %, (% (*+)% i( i+(% *&(%)&'')(i%+@ i( 0%,&/) +%)&3(. I $*6 )3 %//*)i%+*33 *, * % % 3)) /%%+03*/)&'')(i%+ (% %,i+*i3 6 %,i+( )&/() &i( &+)&//))&33.T$ *)%+ i) ($*( ($ &+/%+)/i%&) % ($ )&/( &), (% *//0( i(*+, ,i, +%( (*+)% i( i+(% *&(%)&'')(i%+.

1




T'$ 2S$ /1 A2T/S2$ST/3

L( &) +% (&+ (% ($ 0%i+( $ I )*i, ($*( /*+ /%+(%3*+, 3*, %& i*'i+*(i%+@ &)( *) * (%+( % *+ &+%?+ $%) /*+ /%+(%33,. T% ,% )%@ i( i) +%&'$ i+ ($ i)( 03*/ (% ?+% ($*( ($i) i)

0%))i3 % $i/$ */( *3%)( 6%+ i) i'+%*+( *+, )/%+,3@ (%

?+% $*( *+) i( /*+ ,%+. W33@ ($ *+) i) 6 )i03 i(i) ($*( $i/$ $*6 &), 6 ,* )i+/ /* i+(% ($ %3,@i($%&( i)$i+' % ?+%i+' i( *+, *)%3&(3 &+/%+)/i%&)3@ &($i/$ &+%(&+*(3 % &)@ %(+ &) %+'3 *+, (% %& %+,(i+(. T$i) *+) i) *&(%)&'')(i%+.

W$*) /%+)(*+(3 'i6 %&)36) &+/%+)/i%&)*&(%)&'')(i%+)@ *33 $*6 (% ,% i) (% 'i6 %&)36) /%+)/i%&) %+)@*+, ($ 0%/)) /%+)i)() i+ ($i) i)(@ (% i'$ /*&33 i+ %+:) i+,($ ($i+') $i/$ * (% ($ %/( % ($ *&(%)&'')(i%+@ *+,*//%,i+' *) ($ &i ($ *+) ) % +% (% 0*( )6*3(i) i($%&( ($i+?i+' % *+($i+' 3) T$i) ($i+' i) /%i+'@ %($i) ($i+' i) '%i+' ** ($i) ($i+' i33@ % i33 +%( $*00+@ (/.@ (/.. . .. O /%&)@ ($ ($i+' &)( i+ %& 0%. I ($ &+/%+)/i%&)*//0() ($i) )&'')(i%+ *+, (*+)%) i( i+(% *+ *&(%)&'')(i%+@ ($($i+' % ($i+') * *3i, i+ 6 0*(i/&3*.

T$&) &+,)(%%,@ *&(%)&'')(i%+ i) +%($i+' &( $0+%(i) *) I) i(@ *+, I %&3, ,i+ i( i+ ($) )i03 %,) T$ i+3&+/ % ($i*'i+*(i%+ &0%+ ($ %*3 *+, 0$)i/*3 i+' % *+?i+,. N% ($i)i+3&+/ i) &+,+i*3@ *+, i($%&( (&+i+' (% 06i%&) *03)@ I

i33 &%( * %($).

17




I %& 0)&*, %&)3 ($*( %& /*+ ,% * /(*i+ ($i+'@ 0%6i,, ($i) ($i+' 0%))i3@ %& i33 ,% i( $%6 ,ii/&3( i( * . I %+ ($ /%+(* %& i*'i+ ($*( %& /*++%( ,% ($ )i03)(($i+' i+ ($ %3,@ i( i) i0%))i3 % %& (% ,% i(@ *+, %3$i33)

/% % %& &+)/*3*3 %&+(*i+).

S&/$ i) ($ /*) % +&*)($+i/)@ $%@ 3i6i+' ($)36)i+/*0*3 % ($ 3*)( %(@ %(+ i+, i( i0%))i3 6+ (% *3? * )(0) i($%&( i+' $*&)(,. A+, ($) )* +&*)($+i/) )i+?% ,03 i+(% ($i ,0))i%+@ ($ % %() ($ *? (% ($%i( %@ 3i? ($ 0%% (/$ i+ ($ &i/?)*+,) $% )i+?) i+ *33 ($,0 ($ % $ (i) (% )(&''3 %&(.

I+ ($ )* * i( i) )&i/i+( (% ($i+? * 0*i+ i) '%i+'@ (% 3i( i+,, ,i)*00* 3i((3 3i((3@ *+, i+6)3@ i( i) +%&'$ (% ($i+?($*( %+ )&) i+ %, (% 3 ($ 0*i+ 'i+ (% /% i,i*(3.

I ?+% /(*i+ 0%03 $% 0,i/( i+ *,6*+/ ($*( ($ i33 $*6* )i/? $*,*/$ %+ * /(*i+ ,*@ i+ /(*i+ /i/&)(*+/)@ *+, %+ ($*(,*@ i+ ($ 'i6+ /i/&)(*+/)@ )& +%&'$@ ($ 3 i(. T$

%&'$( ($i i33+)) %+ ($)36)@ &)( *) %($) /& ($i) /%+)/i%&) *&(%)&'')(i%+.

I ?+% ($*( %+ '+*33 0*))) % *, i+ ($ ) % ($%3, i %+ ,*) (% 0&( %*, i,*) $i/$ i( i) +%( *//&)(%, (%$*. W33@ *( ($ i)? % i+' ($%&'$( )%@ I )* ($*( i /(*i+ 0%03* i33 +(*33 *+, 0$)i/*33@ i( i) ($*( ($ i*'i+ ($)36) (% i33 +(*33 % 0$)i/*33. I /(*i+ %($) * 0**3(i/ i($%&( $*6i+'*+ 3)i%+ (% *//%&+( % i(@ i( i) ($*( ($ i*'i+ ($)36) (%

0**3,@ *+, i( i) *%+' )&/$ 0)%+) ($*( ($ %)( (*%,i+*

/&) * 0%,&/,. I %($) *'*i+ * $*00 % &+$*00@ i( i) ($*( ($i*'i+ ($)36) (% )%@ % i( i) 0%))i3 % (% 0%03 i+ */(3($ )* /i/&)(*+/) (% @ ($ %+ 0/(3 $*00@ ($ %($*)%3&(3 (/$,.

18




N&*)($+i*@ )(*i+'@ *6)i%+)@ ?30(%*+i*@ /(*i+

/*)) % 0**3)i)@ * +%($i+' &( ($@ )&3( % &+/%+)/i%&)*&(%)&'')(i%+@ ($*( i) (% )* ($ )&3( % ($ */(i%+ % ($ &+/%+)/i%&)&0%+ ($ 0$)i/*3 *+, %*3 i+'.

&( i %& &+/%+)/i%&) i) ($ )%&/ % *+ % %& i33)@ i( /*+*3)% i+' *%&( ($ /& % %& 0$)i/*3 *+, +(*3 *i3+(). I( /*++%( %+3 0*i ($ i33 i( $*) ,%+@ &( /& *3 i33+)))@ )% )(%+' i) i()

*/(i%+ &0%+ %& %'*+i).

S$&( %&)3 &0 *3%+ i+ * %%@ )*( %&)3 i+ *+ */$*i@/3%) %& ) (% *6%i, *+ ,i)(*/(i%+@ *+, /%+/+(*( %& i+, %* %+() %+ ($i+?i+' S&/$ *+, )&/$ * ($i+' i) '%i+' (%,i)*00*@ % S&/$ *+, )&/$ * ($i+' i) /%i+' (% 0*)).

I %& $*6 *33 *, ($ *&(%)&'')(i%+@ ($*( i) (% )*@ i%& &+/%+)/i%&) $*) *))ii3*(, ($ i,* ($*( %& $*6 0)+(, (%i(@ %& * *)(%+i)$, (% ) ($ ($i+' %& $*6 ($%&'$( /% (% 0*)).N%( ($*( i( i) ($ 0%0( % i,*) *&(%)&'')(, (% i)( i($i+ &)&+/%'+i,@ *+, /*+ %+3 ?+% % ($i i)(+/ ($ /(($ 0%,&/. &( *%6 *33@ *+, ($i) i) *+ ))+(i*3 0%i+(@ ($ i33&)( +%( %&'$( i+(% 03* i+ 0*/(i/i+' *&(%)&'')(i%+ %@ i i( i)

+%( i+ *'+( i($ ($ i*'i+*(i%+@ i %+ ($i+?) I i33 *? )&/$*+, )&/$ * ($i+' $*00+@ *+, ($ i*'i+*(i%+ )*) Y%& * i33i+'i(@ &( i( i) +%( '%i+' (% @ +%( %+3 ,%) %+ +%( %(*i+ $*( %+*+()@ &( 6+ */(3 ($ 6) i) %&'$( *%&(.

T$i) *? i) % /*0i(*3 i0%(*+/@ *+, 03*i+) $ )&3()* )% &+)*(i)*/(% $+@ i+ (*(i+' %*3 *i3+()@ %+ )(i6) (%

-,&/*( ($ i33. I( i) ($ (*i+i+' % ($ i*'i+*(i%+ $i/$ i)+/))*@ *+, i( i) ($*+?) (% ($i) )$*, % ,i+/ ($*( ($%,$*) %(+ )&//,, $ %($) -- *+, ($%) +%( ($ 3*)( /%+)i,,

19




-- $*6 *i3,. F% ($ +&%&) 0i+() ($*( I $*6 *, ,*i3% (+( *)@ *+, $i/$ I $*6 *i+, i($ i+&( /*@ I $*6

+ *3 (% ,,&/( ($ %33%i+' /%+/3&)i%+) $i/$ I $*6 )&,&0 *) 3*)

1. W$+ ($ i33 *+, ($ i*'i+*(i%+ * *+(*'%+i)(i/@ i(i) *3*) ($ i*'i+*(i%+ $i/$ i+)@ i($%&( *+ /0(i%+.

2. I+ ($ /%+3i/( (+ ($ i33 *+, ($ i*'i+*(i%+@($ %/ % ($ i*'i+*(i%+ i) i+ ,i/( *(i% (% ($ )&* %($ i33.

!. W$+ ($ i33 *+, ($ i*'i+*(i%+ * i+ *'+(@%+ ,%) +%( *,, (% ($ %($@ &( %+ i) &3(i03i, ($%($.

". T$ i*'i+*(i%+ /*+ ,i/(,.

T$ 0))i%+) I+ ,i/( *(i% (% ($ )&* % ($ i33 *+,I) &3(i03i, * +%( i'%%&)3 */(. T$ * )i03i33&)(*(i%+) ,)(i+, (% *? *+i+' /3*.

A( $*( $*) &)( + )*i, i( %&3, ) ($*( +%%, %&'$((% i33. T$*( i) &i( (&. E6 i33+))@ $*(6 i( * @ /*+ i3,(% *&(%)&'')(i%+@ ,*i+' *+, &+3i?3 *) )(*(+( * ) I ,%+%( )* ,%) *3*) i3,@ &( /*+ i3,@ $i/$ i) * ,i+( ($i+'.

&( i+ %, (% 3*, 0%03 (% 0*/(i/ /%+)/i%&)

*&(%)&'')(i%+ ($ &)( (*&'$( $%@ &)( *) ($ * (*&'$( (% *,% i( % 03* ($ 0i*+%.

2<




A&(%)&'')(i%+ i)@ *) I )*i, *%6@ *+ i+)(&+( ($*( 0%)))) *( i($@ *+, i($ $i/$ 03* &+/%+)/i%&)3 *33 %& 3i@ *)* * 03*) i($ i() *((3. I( i) $%6 * ,*+'%&) i+)(&+( i(/*+ %&+, % 6+ ?i33 %& i %& $*+,3 i( i0&,+(3 *+,&+/%+)/i%&)3. I( /*+ %+ ($ /%+(* )*6 %& 3i $+ %& ?+%$% (% 03% i( /%+)/i%&)3. O+ /*+ )* % i( *) A)%0 )*i, % ($(%+'& I( i) *( ($ )* (i ($ )( *+, ($ %)( ($i+' i+ ($%3,.

I * +% '%i+' (% )$% %& $% 6%+ /*+ 0%i( ($ +i/+( */(i%+ % *&(%)&'')(i%+ /%+)/i%&)3 *003i,. I+ )*i+'6 %+@ I *''*( * 3i((3@ % ($ * (% /3*))) % 0)%+) i+$% i( i) ,ii/&3( (% *%&) /%+)/i%&) *&(%)&'')(i%+

1. T$ +(*33 &+,63%0, $% * +%( /*0*3 %&+,)(*+,i+' $*( %& )* (% ($.

2. T$%) $% * &+i33i+' (% &+,)(*+,.

21




'/W T/ T$AC' PAT$3TS T/ MA5$ A2T/S2$ST/3S

T$ 0i+/i03 % ($ ($%, * )&, &0 i+ ($) %,) I( i) i0%))i3 (% ($i+? % (% ($i+') *( %+/@ ($*( i) (% )* ($*((% i,*) * i+ &(*0%)i(i%+@ &( ($ /*++%( )&0i0%), i+%& i+,.

E6 ($%&'$( +(i3 i33i+' %& i+, /%) (& % &) *+,(+,) (% (*+)% i()3 i+(% */(i%+.

T$&) i %& /*+ *? * )i/? 0)%+ ($i+? ($*( $ (%&3 i)'((i+' ((@ i( i33 ,i)*00* i %& )&//, i+ *?i+' *

?30(%*+i*/ ($i+? ($*( $ i33 +%( )(*3 *+ %@ $ i33 /*) (%)(*3@ (/.@ (/.

T$i) (*i+i+' $i/$ 0$*0) )) (% %& *+ i0%))ii3i(@ i)@$%6@ ($ )i03)( ($i+' i+ ($ %3,. I( i) +%&'$@ * )i) %*00%0i*( *+, '*,&*(, 0i+()@ (% (*/$ ($ )&/(@ *) i( ($ A. . C. % /%+)/i%&) ($%&'$(@ *+, $ i) ($ )i) %33%i+'

i( (% ($ 3(( %+ /*+ *)%3&(3 )& % %(*i+i+' * '%%, )&3(@/0( i($ ($ (% /*('%i) % 0)%+) +(i%+, *%6.

Fi)( 0i+(. T$) 0i+() * ($%) % S*' %R%/$)(. P0**(%. --A)? ($ )&/( (% )(*+, &0i'$(@ i($ ($

%, *) )(i *) *+ i%+ *@ ($ ( /3%) (%'($ % (% (% $3@$i3 ?0i+' ($ *+?3) 3i3 *) i ($ $i+'). T33 $i (%

*? $i)3 3i? * 03*+? i($ $i+') *( i() *)@ $i/$ i) *3*+/, %+($ '%&+,. M*? $i +%(i/ ($*( i %+ 0&)$) ($ 03*+? )3i'$(3i($ * i( *33) *) * *)) i($%&( *+ )i)(*+/@ i+ ($ ,i/(i%+ i+

22




$i/$ i( i) 0&)$,. T33 $i ($*( %& * '%i+' (% 0&33 $i */? ($)$%&3,) *+, ($*( $ &)( 3( $i)3 *33 i+ %& *) i($%&( ($)3i'$()( )i)(*+/@ (&+i+' %+ $i) *+?3) *) %+ $i+')@ ($*( i) (% )*?0i+' ($ ( i, (% ($ '%&+,. T$+ 0&33 $i */? ($)$%&3,) *+, i ($ 0i+( ,%) +%( )&//,@ 0*( i( &+(i3 i(,%)@ % +*3 )%.

S/%+, 0i+(. -- 'i+ 03*i+i+' (% ($ )&/( ($*(i+ %, (% ,%+)(*( ($ */(i%+ % ($ i*'i+*(i%+ &0%+ &)@ %& *'%i+' (% *)? $i i+ * %+( (% ($i+? I * *33i+' */?*,)@ I **33i+' */?*,) . . . T33 $i ($*( $ &)( $*6 +% ($%&'$( &( ($i)i+ $i) i+,@ ($*( $ &)( +%( 3/( % %+, i $ i) '%i+' (% *33 %+%(@ % ($i+? ($*( i $ *33) $ * $&( $i)3@ (/.@ % *33 */?

0&0%)3 (% 03*) %&@ &( ($*( i $ *33 3) )%($i+' i033i+'$i (% *33 */?*,)@ $ &)( +%( )i)( &( % ($ i0&3).

T$+ *)? %& )&/( (% *i) ($ $*, $i'$ *+, (% )$&( $i))@ *+, 03*/ %& i'$( i)( %+ ($ */? % $i) +/?@ *+, %& 3($*+, %+ $i) %$*,@ *+, )* (% $i N% ($i+? I * *33i+'

*/?*,)@ I * *33i+' */?*,)@ (/.@ (/. . . *+,@ i+,,@ Y%& **33i+' */?*,)@ Y%& . . . *. . . *33 . . . i+' . . . */? . . . *,)@ (/.A( ($ )* (i )3i, ($ 3( $*+, 3i'$(3 */?*,) (% ($ 3((03@ *%6 ($ *@ *+, %6 6 )3%3 &( i($ * /%+(i+&%&)%6+( ($ i'$( i)(.

T$ )&/( i) i,i*(3 3( (% *? * )3i'$( %6+( */?*,)@ *+, i($ (% )(%0 $i)3 % *33i+' % 3) (% *33/%03(3. I+ ($ i)( /*)@ (33 $i ($*( $ $*) )i)(,@ *+, ($*( $,i, +%( ($i+? &)( ($*( $ *) *33i+'@ &( ($*( $ i'$( $&( $i)3 i$ ,i, *33. T$*( i) (&@ % i $ $*, +%( ($%&'$( ($ 3*((@ $ %&3,$*6 *33+ 3i? * 3%/?. R0*( ($ 0i+( &)i+' * (%+ %

/%*+, *) i %& %&3, %/ ($ )&/( (% % %&. G% %+ i($ i(&+(i3 i( i) /%03(3 )&//))&3 % 6 +*3 )%. T$ %0*(% )$%&3,)(*+, * 3i((3 $i+, ($ )&/(@ ($ 3( 3' %*, *+, ($ i'$( 3'

2!




33 $i+, $i@ )% *) +%( (% ?+%/?, %6 ($ )&/( $+ $*33). N'3/( % ($i) 0/*&(i%+ i'$( )&3( i+ * ,%&3 *33 i ($

0)%+ i) $*6.

T$i, 0i+(. -- P3*/ ($ )&/( */i+' %&@ ($ %, )(i33)(i@ ($ *+?3) 3i3@ *+, ($ ( %i+, *+, 0**333. P&( %& (%$*+,) %+ $i) (03) i($%&( *+ 0))&@ 3%%? i,3@ i($%&(%6i+' ($ 3i,)@ *( ($ %%( % $i) +%)@ *+, (33 $i (% ($i+? I **33i+' %*,@ I * *33i+' %*, . . . *+, 0*( (% $i@ )())i+'($ )33*3)@ Y%& * *33 . . . i+' . . . % . . . *,@ Y%& * *33 . . .i+' . . . % . . . *, . . . i($%&( /*)i+' (% 3%%? i,3 *( $i.

F%&($ 0i+(. -- A)? ($ )&/( (% /3*)0 $i) $*+,) *) (i'$(*) 0%))i3@ ($*( i) (% )*@ &+(i3 ($ i+') (3 )3i'$(3@ 3%%? *( $ii+ ($ )* * *) i+ ($ 0/,i+' 0i+( *+, ?0 %& $*+,)%+ $i) *) ($%&'$ (% )& ($ (%'($ )(i33 % (i'$(3. T33 $i(% ($i+? ($*( $ /*++%( &+/3*)0 $i) i+')@ ($*( %& * '%i+' (% /%&+(($@ *+, ($*( $+ %& )* ($ $ i) (% ( (% )0**( $i) $*+,)$i3 ($i+?i+' *33 ($ (i I /*++%( ,% i(@ I /*++%( ,% i( . . . *+, $i33 i+, i( i0%))i3. T$+ /%&+( 6 )3%3@ %+@ (%@ ($@ *+,*,, i,i*(3@ ,(*/$i+' ($ )33*3) Y%& . . . /*+ . . . +%( . . . ,% .. . i( . . . . Y%& . . . /*+ . . . +%( . . . ,% . . . i( . . . I ($ )&/( i)($i+?i+' 0%03@ I /*++%( ,% i(@ +%( %+3 i) $ &+*3 (% )0**( $i)i+')@ &( ($ 3*(( /3*)0 ($)36) *33 ($ % (i'$(3 (%'($ ($

% %() $ *?) (% )0**( ($. H %(*i+) i+ */( */(3 ($/%+(* (% $*( $ *+(). I+ * %+() )* (% $i N% ($i+?:I /*+ ,% i(@: *+, $i) i+') i33 )0**( ($)36).

/*&3 *3*) (% ?0 %& ) i, %+ ($ %%( % ($)&/(:) +%)@ *+, ,% +%( *33% $i (% (&+ $i) ) ** % %&)% * )i+'3 %+(. I $ i) *3 (% &+/3*)0 $i) $*+,)@ ,% +%( ($i+? i(

i) %& %+ *&3(@ i( i) ($ )&/(:)@ $ $*) +%( 0%03 ($%&'$( I/*++%(. A))& $i i3 % ($i)@ *+, 'i+ ($ 0i+( *'*i+.

2"




A3*) &) * (%+ % /%*+, $i/$ )&) +% ,i)%,i+/.I ,% +%( *+ ($*( i( i) +/))* (% *i) %& 6%i/ %+ ($ /%+(* i(i) 0*3 (% 03% ($ %,i+* 0i(/$@ &( )()) 6 %, i+ *, *+, i0*(i6 (%+.

W$+ ($) 0i+() $*6 + )&//))&3@ *33 ($ %($))&//, &*33 33 *+, /*+ *)i3 %(*i+, /*i+' %&( (% ($3(( ($ i+)(&/(i%+) 'i6+ *%6.

S% )&/() * 6 )+)i(i6@ *+, i( i) *) (% /%'+i($ ($ */( ($*( ($ /%+(*/(i%+ % ($i i+') *+, 3i) i) *)i3

0%,&/,. A( (% % ($ )&//))&3 0i+()@ i( i) +% 3%+'+/))* (% )* (% ($ T$i+? ($i)@ % ($i+? ($*( Y%& +, %+3@% *03@ )* (% ($ )i03 -- &( i+ ($ i0*(i6 (%+03%, *33

'%%, )&'')(i%+i)() -- C3%) %& $*+,) +% %& /*++%( %0+($. S$&( %& ) +% %& /*++%( %0+ ($@ *+, ($ )&/(i+,) i( *)%3&(3 i0%))i3 (% %0+ ($ $*+,) % ($ ) i+ )0i( %*33 $i) %(). T33 $i i+ * %+() Y%& /*+ ,% i( +%@ *+,($ ,-/%+(*/(i%+ (*?) 03*/ i+)(*+(*+%&)3.

T$) 0i+() /*+ 6*i, (% i+i+i(. H * * % M*? ($ )&/( %i+ $i) $*+,)@ *+, )&'')( ($*( ($ *3,, (%'($ *? $i 0&( $i) $*+, %+ ($ (*3@ *+, )&'')( ($*(i( i) )(&/? (% i( (33 $i ($*( $ i) i, (% $i) /$*i *+, /*++%( i)*? $i i)@ *+, (33 $i $ /*++%( *3? 0&( * 0+$%3, %+ ($(*3 *+, (33 $i ($*( i( i'$) * $&+,,i'$(@ *+, ($*( $ /*++%(3i( i(@ (/.@ (/.

I+ *33 ($) 0i+()@ I /*++%( 0*( (%% %(+@ i( i) +%()&'')(i%+ 0%03 )%-/*33, $i/$ 0%,&/) ($ 0$+%+*@ &( ($*&(%)&'')(i%+ $i/$ i) /%+)/&(i6 (% ($ )&'')(i%+ % ($ %0*(%.

25




M$T'/D /1 PR/C$D2R$ 3 C2RAT6$ S2$ST/3

W$+ ($ )&/( $*) 0*)), ($%&'$ ($ 0/,i+'0i+() *+, $*) &+,)(%%, ($@ $ i) i0 % /&*(i6)&'')(i%+. H i) 3i? * /&3(i6*(, i3, i+ $i/$ ($ ), /*+'i+*( *+, ,63%0@ $*) % i( *) &( %&'$ *($ i+ $i/$

i( %&3, $*6 0i)$,.

W$*(6 *i3+( ($ )&/( )&) %@ $($ i( i) 0$)i/*3 % +(*3@ i( i) i0%(*+( (% 0%/, *3*) i+ ($ )* *@*+, (% &) ($ )* %,) i($ * 6*i*(i%+) *//%,i+' (% ($ /*).

S* (% ($ )&/( Si( ,%+ *+, /3%) %& ). I * +%('%i+' (% ( *+, 0&( %& (% )30 *) i( i) &i( &++/))*. I *)? %& (%/3%) %& ) )i03 i+ %, ($*( %& *((+(i%+ * +%( ,i)(*/(, ($ %/() *%&+, %&. N% (33 %&)3 ($*( 6 %,I )* i) '%i+' (% i i()3 i+ %& i+,@ *+, 0i+(,@ +'*6,@ *+,+/&)(, i+ i(@ ($*(@ ($@ i( i) '%i+' (% )(* i,@ i0i+(,@ *+,+/&)(,@ *+, ($*( i($%&( %& i33 % ?+%3,'@ i+ */( 0/(3&+/%+)/i%&)3 %+ %& 0*(@ %& %&)3 *+, %& $%3 %'*+i) *'%i+' (% %. I+ ($ i)( 03*/ I )* ($*( 6 ,*@ ($ (i) * ,*@i+ ($ %+i+'@ *( i,,*@ *+, i+ ($ 6+i+'@ *( ($ &)&*3 *3 (i)@%& i33 3 $&+'@ ($*( i) (% )*@ %& i33 0i+/ ($ *'*3)+)*(i%+ $i/$ *?) %& ($i+? *+, )* O$> $% +i/ i( i33 (%$*6 )%($i+' (% *(> Y%& i33 ($+ *( *+, +% %& %%,@i($%&( % /%&) %6*(i+'. Y%& i33 *3)% /*&3 (% *)(i/*( i(

0%03 )% *) (% (*+)% i( i+(% * )%( % )%( 0*)( %

)*33%i+' i(. I+ ($) /%+,i(i%+) %& i33 ,i')( i( 0%03@ *+, )%3 +% ,i)/%%(@ i+/%+6+i+/@ % 0*i+ % *+ ?i+, i($ i+ ($)(%*/$ % i+()(i+). Y%& i33 *))ii3*( $*( %& *( *+, %&

2




%'*+i) i33 *? &) % i( (% *? 3%%,@ &)/3@ )(+'($ *+,+'@ i+ * %, Li.

Si+/ %& i33 $*6 ,i')(, %& %%, 0%03@ ($ &+/(i%+% /(i%+ i33 +%*3@ *+, 6 %+i+'@ %+ i)i+'@ %& i333 ($ +, % 6*/&*(i+' ($ %3)@ *+, i($%&( 6 i+' %3i',(% (*? ,i/i+ % (% &) *+ *(ii/@ %& i33 %(*i+ * +%*3 *+,)*(i)*/(% )&3(.

F&($@ 6 +i'$( % ($ (i %& i)$ (% '% (% )30 (i33($ (i %& i)$ (% *? +( %+i+'@ %& i33 )30 ,03@/*33@ *+, &i(3@ i($%&( +i'$(*)@ *+, %+ *?i+' %& i33 3

0/(3 33@ /$&3@ *+, */(i6.

Li?i)@ i %& %//*)i%+*33 )& % ,0))i%+@ i %&* '3%% *+, 0%+ (% % *+, 3%%? %+ ($ ,*? )i, % ($i+')@% +% %+*,) %& i33 /*) (% ,% )%@ *+,@ i+)(*, % %i+'*+, i+' ,0)), *+, 3%%?i+' %+ ($ ,*? )i, % ($i+')@ %& *'%i+' (% 3 0/(3 /$&3@ 0%))i3 i($%&( *+ )0/i*3 *)%+% i(@ &)( *) %& &), (% 3 ,0)), % +% 0*(i/&3* *)%+. I )*&($ )(i33@ ($*( 6+ i %& $*6 *3 *)%+ (% %i, *+,,0)), %& * +%( '%i+' (% )%.

I %& * *3)% )&/( (% %//*)i%+*3 i() % i0*(i+/ % i33-(0 %& i33 /*) (% $*6 ($ %+ ($ /%+(* %& i33 *3*) 0*(i+( *+, *)( % %&)3@ *+, ($ ($i+') $i/$ %i,@*++%,@ % ii(*(, %&@ i33 $+/%($ 3*6 %& *)%3&(3i+,i+( *+, 0/(3 /*3.

I %& * )%(i) *((*/?,@ 0&)&,@ $*&+(,@ *, *+,&+$%3)% i,*)@ *00$+)i%+)@ *)@ *6)i%+)@ (0(*(i%+)@% '&,') *'*i+)( %($ 0%03@ *33 ($*( i33 '*,&*33 3%)( )i'$( %

%& i*'i+*(i%+@ *+, i33 3( ** *+, 3%) i()3 *) ($%&'$ i+ *

27




,i)(*+( /3%&, $ i( i33 i+*33 ,i)*00* /%03(3. A) * ,*6*+i)$) $+ *?@ )% i33 *33 ($) 6*i+ i*') ,i)*00*.

T% ($i) I *,, ($*( *33 %& %'*+) * 0%i+' ($i&+/(i%+) 0%03. T$ $*( *() i+ * +%*3 * *+, ($ /i/&3*(i%+% ($ 3%%, (*?) 03*/ *) i( )$%&3, ($ 3&+') * /*i+' %&( ($i&+/(i%+)@ *) *3)% ($ )(%*/$@ ($ i+()(i+)@ ($ 3i6@ ($ i3i* ,&/(@($ ?i,+) *+, ($ 3*,,. I *( ($ 0)+( %+( *+ % ($ i)*/(i+' *+%*33@ ($*( *+%*3i( i) /%i+' 3)) 6 ,*@ )% ($*(&i( )%%+ i( i33 $*6 6*+i)$, /%03(3@ *+, ($ %'*+ i33 $*6/%6, i() +%*3 &+/(i%+. F&($@ i ($ )$%&3, *+ 3)i%+) i+*+ % ($) %'*+)@ ($ i33 '( (( % ,* (% ,* *+, i33 )%%+

+(i3 $*3,. Wi($ '*, (% ($i)@ I * )* ($*( i( i) +%(+/))* (% ?+% $i/$ %'*+ i) */(, % i( (% /&,. U+, ($i+3&+/ % ($ *&(%)&'')(i%+ E6 ,*@ i+ 6 )0/(@ I *'((i+' (( *+, ((@ ($ &+/%+)/i%&) */() &0%+ ($ %'*+ $i/$ i(/*+ 0i/? %&( i()3.

I &)( *3)% *,, -- *+, i( i) (3 i0%(*+( -- ($*( i &0 (%($ 0)+( %& $*6 3*/?, /%+i,+/ i+ %&)3@ I (33 %& ($*( ($i))3-,i)(&)( i33 ,i)*00* 3i((3 3i((3 *+, 'i6 03*/ (% )3-/%+i,+/@ *), %+ ($ ?+%3,' % ($i) %/ % i+/*3/&3*3

0% $i/$ i) i+ */$ %+ % &). I( i) *)%3&(3 +/))* % 6$&*+ i+' (% $*6 ($i) /%+i,+/. Wi($%&( i( %+ /*+ *//%03i)$

+%($i+'@ i($ i( %+ /*+ *//%03i)$ $*(6 %+ 3i?)@ i($i+*)%+@ % /%&). Y%& * ($+ '%i+' (% $*6 /%+i,+/ i+ %&)3@*+, ($i) /%+i,+/ 'i6) %& ($ *))&*+/ ($*( %& * /*0*3 %*//%03i)$i+' 0/(3 33 $*(6 %& i)$ (% ,%@ -- %+ /%+,i(i%+($*( i( i) *)%+*3@ -- *+, $*(6 i( i) %& ,&( (% ,%.

S% $+ %& i)$ (% ,% )%($i+' *)%+*3@ % $+ %&

$*6 * ,&( (% 0%@ *3*) ($i+? ($*( i( i) *)@ *+, *? ($%,) ,ii/&3(@ i0%))i3@ I /*++%(@ i( i) )(%+' ($*+ I@ I /*++%( 06+( )3 % . . . . @ ,i)*00* % %& 6%/*&3* ($ *

28




+%( E+'3i)$. W$*( i) E+'3i)$ i) I( i) *) *+, I /*+. /%+)i,i+'($ ($i+' *) i( /%) )% % %&@ *3($%&'$ i( i'$( ) ,ii/&3((% %($). Y%& i33 ,% i( &i/?3 *+, 33@ *+, i($%&( *(i'&@ /*&)%& ,% i( i($%&( %(@ $*) i %& $*, /%+)i,, i( *) ,ii/&3( %i0%))i3 i( %&3, $*6 /% )% % %&@ )i03 /*&) %&%&3, $*6 ($%&'$( i( )%.

T% ($) '+*3 )&'')(i%+) $i/$ i33 0$*0) ) 3%+' *+,6+ /$i3,i)$ (% )% % %&@ &( $i/$ * +/))*@ &)( *,,,($%) $i/$ *003 (% ($ 0*(i/&3* /*) % ($ 0*(i+( %& * ,*3i+'i($.

A33 ($) )&'')(i%+) &)( *, i+ * %+%(%+%&) *+,)%%($i+' 6%i/ *3*) 0$*)ii+' ($ ))+(i*3 %,)@ $i/$*3($%&'$ i( ,%) +%( */(&*33 )+, ($ )&/( (% )30@ *( 3*)( *?)$i 3 ,%)@ *+, ($i+? % +%($i+' i+ 0*(i/&3*.

W$+ %& $*6 /% (% ($ +, % ($ )i) % )&'')(i%+)%& *,,)) ($ )&/( i+ ($) () I+ )$%(@ I *+ ($*( %6 0%i+( % 6i@ 0$)i/*3 *) 33 *) +(*3@ %& * '%i+' (% +%/33+( $*3($@ (( $*3($ ($*+ ($*( %& $*6 + *3 (% +% &0(% ($ 0)+(. N% I * '%i+' (% /%&+( ($@ *+, $+ I )* :T$:@%& i33 %0+ %& ) *+, /% %&( % ($ 0*))i6 )(*( i+ $i/$

%& * +%. Y%& i33 /% %&( % i( &i( +*(&*33@ i($%&( 3i+' i+($ 3*)( ,%) % (i,@ %+ ($ /%+(*@ %& i33 3 )(%+'@6i'%%&)@ *3(@ */(i6@ &33 % 3i &($ )(i33@ %& i33 3 6/$&3 *+, i( i+ 6 *. ONE -- TWO -- THREE -- A( ($ %,($ ($ )&/( %0+) $i) )@ *3*) i($ * )i3 *+, *+0))i%+ % 33-i+' *+, /%+(+(+( %+ $i) */.

S%(i)@ -- ($%&'$ *3@ -- ($ 0*(i+( i) /&, %+ ($ )0%(*( %($ (i)@ *+, ($i) i) % '+*33 ($ /*)@ $ i+,) $i)33i6,@ $i) 0*i+ % $i) ,0))i%+ $*) 0*(i*33 % (%(*33 ,i)*00*,@($%&'$ %+3 % * /(*i+ 3*0) % (i.

29




I+ 6 /*) i( i) +/))* (% + ($ )&'')(i%+) % %

3)) &+(3 *//%,i+' (% %& )&/(@ i+' /*&3 *3*) (%)0*/ ($ %&( *( 3%+' *+, 3%+' i+(6*3)@ *//%,i+' (% ($ 0%')) %(*i+, &+(i3 ($ * +% 3%+' +/))*@ -- ($*( i) (% )*$+ ($ /& i) /%03(.

% )+,i+' ** %& 0*(i+(@ %& &)( (33 $i ($*( $/*i) i($i+ $i ($ i+)(&+( $i/$ $ /*+ /& $i)3@ *+,

($*( %& *@ *) i( @ %+3 * 0%))% (*/$i+' $i (% &) ($i)i+)(&+(@ *+, ($*( $ &)( $30 %& i+ %& (*)?. T$&)@ 6%+i+' % i)i+'@ *+, 6 +i'$( %+ '((i+' i+(% ,@ $ &)()$&( $i) ) *+, i+ ($%&'$( (*+)0%( $i)3 i+(% %& 0)+/@ *+,($+ 0*( (+( (i) /%+)/&(i63 i+ * %+%(%+%&) 6%i/@/%&+(i+' *+) % * )(i+' i($ (+( ?+%() i+ i(@ ($i) 3i((3 0$*)

EVERY DAY@ IN EVERY RESPECT@ I AM GETTINGETTER AND ETTER. I+ $i) i+, $ )$%&3, 0$*)i ($ %,)i+ 6 )0/( $i/$ *003i) (% 6 +,@ +(*3 % 0$)i/*3.T$i) '+*3 )&'')(i%+ i) % i/*/i%&) ($*+ )0/i*3 %+).

T$&) i( i) *) (% *3i ($ 0*( 03*, ($ 'i6 % ($)&'')(i%+). H i) +%( * *)( $% 'i6) %,)@ &( * i+,@ * '&i,@

$% 3*,) ($ 0*(i+( )(0 )(0 %+ ($ %*, (% $*3($. A) *33 ($)&'')(i%+) * 'i6+ i+ ($ i+()( % ($ 0*(i+(@ ($ &+/%+)/i%&) %($ 3*(( *)?) +%($i+' (( ($*+ (% *))ii3*( ($ *+, (*+)%($ i+(% *&(%)&'')(i%+). W$+ ($i) $*) + ,%+@ ($ /& i)%(*i+, % % 3)) *0i,3 *//%,i+' (% /i/&)(*+/).

!<




T'$ S2P$R/RT" /1 T'S M$T'/D

T$i) ($%, 'i6) *)%3&(3 *63%&) )&3()@ *+, i( i) *)(% &+,)(*+, $. I+,,@ %33%i+' %&( *,6i/@ i( i)i0%))i3 (% *i3@ /0( i($ ($ (% /3*))) % 0)%+) +(i%+,*%6@ $% %(&+*(3 0)+( *3 ! 0 /+( % ($ $%3. I@

$%6@ %& ( (% 0&( %& )&/() (% )30 i'$( **@ i($%&( ($03*+*(i%+) *+, 03ii+* 0i+() +/))* (% i+' ($ (%*//0( ($ )&'')(i%+) *+, (% (*+)% ($ i+(% *&(%)&'')(i%+) %&/*++%( *+, i33 +%( )&//, /0( i($ 0/&3i*3 )+)i(i6 )&/()@*+, ($) * *. E6%, * /% )% (*i+i+'@ &( 6 * )% )&i/i+(3 i($%&( ($ 03ii+* i+)(&/(i%+ ($*( I/%+,@ $i/$ /*+ ,%+ i+ * i+&().

F%3@ i*'i+i+' ($*( )&'')(i%+) /%&3, %+3 'i6+,&i+' )30@ I *3*) (i, (% 0&( 0*(i+( (% )30 &( %+,i)/%6i+' ($*( i( *) +%( i+,i)0+)*3@ I 3( % ,%i+' i( i+ %, (%)0* $i ($ ,*, *+, &+*)i+)) $ *3%)( *3*) 0i+/)$+ $ i) (%3, ($*( $ i) '%i+' (% )+( (% )30@ *+, $i/$ %(+*?) $i %@ i+ )0i( % $i)3@ *+ i+6%3&+(* )i)(*+/. I@ %+($ /%+(*@ %& (33 $i ($*( %& * +%( '%i+' (% 0&( $i (% )30 *)($ i) +% +, (% ,% )%@ %& '*i+ $i) /%+i,+/. H 3i)(+) (% %&i($%&( * % *+ &3(i% ($%&'$(@ *+, i( %(+ $*00+) -- i +%( ($i)( (i@ *+$% 6 )%%+ -- ($*(@ )%%($, ($ %+%(%+%&) )%&+,% %& 6%i/@ $ *33) i+(% * ,0 )30 % $i/$ $ **?)*)(%+i)$, *( $*6i+' )30( *( *33.

I ($ * )?0(i/) *%+' %& -- *) I * &i( )& ($ * --*33 I $*6 (% )* (% ($ i) C% (% $%&) *+, ) $*( i) i+',%+@ *+, %& i33 /%+6i+/, */(.

!1




Y%& &)( +%( $%6 &+ ** i($ ($ i,* ($*(

*&(%)&'')(i%+ /*+ %+3 %&'$( *%&( i+ ($ * I $*6 ,)/i,.I( i) 0%))i3 (% *? )&'')(i%+) (% 0%03 i($%&( ($i ?+%3,'*+, i($%&( *+ 00**(i%+. F% i+)(*+/@ i * ,%/(% $% $i) (i(3*3%+ $*) * )&'')(i6 i+3&+/ %+ $i) 0*(i+(@ (33) $i ($*( $ /*+ ,%+%($i+' % $i@ *+, ($*( $i) i33+)) i) i+/&*3@ $ 0%6%?) i+ ($i+, % ($ 3*(( *+ *&(%)&'')(i%+ $i/$ * $*6 ($ %)(,i)*)(%&) /%+)&+/) i $%6 $ (33) $i ($*( $i) i33+)) i) *)i%&) %+@ i( i) (&@ &( ($*( i($ /*@ (i@ *+, 0*(i+/@ $ /*+

/&,@ $ )%(i) *+, 6+ %(+ %(*i+) )&3() $i/$ i33 )&0i)$i.

H i) *+%($ *03 i * ,%/(% *( *i+i+' $i) 0*(i+(@ i() * 0)/i0(i%+ *+, 'i6) i( (% $i i($%&( *+ /%+(@($ ,i) 0)/i, i33 +%( $*6 &/$ /$*+/ % )&//,i+' i@%+ ($ %($ $*+,@ $ 03*i+) (% $i) 0*(i+( ($*( )&/$ *+, )&/$

,i/i+) &)( (*?+ i+ )&/$ *+, )&/$ /%+,i(i%+) *+, ($*( ($ i33 0%,&/ /(*i+ )&3()@ ($%) )&3() * 0*/(i/*33 /(*i+ (% %&'$( *%&(.

I i+ ($i) $*33 ($ * ,i/*3 + % %($ /$i)()@ I $%0($ i33 +%( ($i+? ($i +. I * %+ ($ /%+(* ($i )(i+,. O+ ($ %+ $*+, I )$%&3, 3i? (% ) ($ ($%(i/*3 *+,

0*/(i/*3 )(&, % )&'')(i%+ %+ ($ )33*&) % ($ ,i/*3 )/$%%3) %($ '*( +i( % ($ )i/? *+, % ($ ,%/(%) ($)36) *+, %+ ($%($ $*+,@ i+ %0i+i%+@ 6 (i ($*( * 0*(i+( '%) (% ) $i),%/(%@ ($ 3*(( )$%&3, %, $i %+ % 6+ )6*3 ,i/i+)@ 6+i ($ * +%( +/))*. A) * *(( % */(@ $+ * 0*(i+( 6i)i() $i),%/(%@ i( i) i+ %, (% (%3, $*( ,i/i+ i33 /& $i. H ,%)+%( *3i ($*( i( i) ($ $'i+ *+, 'i+ $i/$ ,% ($i)@ *+, $*((*/$) 3i((3 i0%(*+/ (% ($. I( i) * ,i/i+ ($*( $ *+().

!2




I+ %0i+i%+@ i ($ ,%/(% %+3 0)/i) * 'i+ i($%&(*+ ,i/i+@ $i) 0*(i+( i33 ,i))*(i)i, $ i33 )* ($*( $ (%%?($ (%&3 (% /%+)&3( $i % +%($i+'@ *+, %(+ '%) (% *+%($,%/(%. I( )) (% ($+ ($*( ($ ,%/(% )$%&3, *3*) 0)/i,i/i+) (% $i) 0*(i+(@ *+,@ *) &/$ *) 0%))i3@ ,i/i+) *, &0

$i)3 *($ ($*+ ($ )(*+,*, ,i) )% &/$ *,6(i), *+,$i/$ % ($i %+3 6*3& (% ($ *,6(i)+(. T$ ,%/(%:) %+

0)/i0(i%+) i33 i+)0i i+i+i(3 % /%+i,+/ ($*+ S% *+, S%:) 0i33) $i/$ *+%+ /*+ 0%/& *)i3 *( ($ +*)( ,&' )(% i($%&(*+ +, % * 0)/i0(i%+.

!!




'/W S2$ST/3 W/R5S

I+ %, (% &+,)(*+, 0%03 ($ 0*( 03*, )&'')(i%+% *($ *&(%)&'')(i%+@ i( i) +%&'$ (% ?+% ($*( ($ &+/%+)/i%&))3 i) ($ '*+, ,i/(% % *33 %& &+/(i%+). M*? ($i) 3i6,@ *) I)*i, *%6@ ($*( * /(*i+ %'*+ $i/$ ,%) +%( &+/(i%+ 33 &)(

0% i() &+/(i%+@ *+, i+)(*+(3 ($ %, i) (*+)i((,. T$ %'*+%) i($ ,%/i3i(@ *+, i($ *( %+/ % 3i((3 3i((3 0%) i()&+/(i%+) i+ * +%*3 *++. T$i) 03*i+) )i03 *+, /3*3 $% *+) % )&'')(i%+ %+ /*+ )(%0 $%$*')@ /& /%+)(i0*(i%+@/*&) i%&) (&%) (% ,i)*00*@ /& 0**3)i)@ (&/&3* 3)i%+)@6*i/%) &3/)@ (/.

L( &) (*? % *03@ * /*) % ,+(*3 $%$*' $i/$ I$*, ($ %00%(&+i( % %)6i+' i+ ($ /%+)&3(i+' %% % M. G*&($@* ,+(i)( *( T%). A %&+' 3*, $% I $*, $30, (% /& $)3 %*)($* % $i/$ )$ $*, )&, % i'$( *)@ (%3, %+ ,*($*( )$ *+(, (% $*6 * (%%($ %&(. A) I ?+ $ (% 6 )+)i(i6@I %, (% *? $ 3 +%($i+' % ($ %0*(i%+. S$ +*(&*33*//0(, i($ 03*)& *+, *, *+ *00%i+(+( i($ ($ ,+(i)(.O+ ($ ,* $*, **+', 0)+(, %&)36) *( ($ ,+(i)(:)*+,@ )(*+,i+' %00%)i( 0*(i+(@ I 3%%?, i,3 *( $@ )*i+'Y%& 3 +%($i+'@ %& 3 +%($i+'@ (/.@ (/. *+, ($+ $i3 )(i33/%+(i+&i+' ($ )&'')(i%+ I *, * )i'+ (% ($ ,+(i)(. I+ *+ i+)(*+( ($(%%($ *) %&( i($%&( M33. D (&+i+' * $*i. A) *i3 %(+$*00+)@ * $%$*' %33%,@ &( I (%3, ($ ,+(i)( ($*( I %&3, ()&'')(i%+ i($%&( $i) &)i+' * $*%)(*(i/@ i($%&( ?+%i+'

%$*+, $*( %&3, $*00+. I ($+ *)?, Mi3. D (% 3%%?

*( i,3@ *+, I )&'')(, (% $ ($*( i+ (% i+&() ($$%$*' %&3, /*) % i() %+ *//%,@ *+, *i(,. T$ 0*(i+()0*( 3%%, *'*i+ %+/ % (i/@ *+, ($+ /*),. I (%3, $ (% %0+ $

!"




%&($@ *+, %($ 3%%?, *+, %&+, ($*( * /3%( % 3%%, $*, %,i+ ($ ,+(*3 /*6i(.

H% i) ($i) 0$+%+%+ (% 03*i+, I+ ($ )i03)( *.U+, ($ i+3&+/ % ($ i,* T$ $%$*' i) (% )(%0@ ($&+/%+)/i%&) $*, )+( (% ($ )*33 *(i) *+, 6i+) ($ %, (% )(%0($ 3% % 3%%,@ *+,@ %,i+(3@ ($ /%+(*/(, +*(&*33@ *) ($%&3, $*6 ,%+ *(ii/i*33 *( ($ /%+(*/( % * $*%)(*(i/ 3i?*,+*3i+@ % *03.

T$ )* *)%+i+' 03*i+) $% * i%&) (&% /*+ *,(% ,i)*00*. T$ &+/%+)/i%&) $*6i+' *//0(, ($ i,* I( i) (% '%($ *i+ %,) ($ *(i) $i/$ +%&i)$ i(@ (% /%+(*/(. T$ ,% )%@&)i+' ($i )6i/)@ *+, /*)i+' (% +%&i)$ ($ (&% $i/$@,0i6, % +%&i)$+(@ ,i)@ ,i) &0@ i) *)%, *+, ,i)*00*).

!5




T'$ 2S$ /1 S2$ST/3 1/R T'$ C2R$ /1 M/RA# A#M$3TS A3D TA3TS $T'$R C/3$3TA# /R

AC72R$D

N&*)($+i*@ )% /%%+ +%*,*)@ '+*33 i3,) (%)&'')(i%+ /%+)(*+(3 0*/(i/, i+ ($ * I $*6 i+,i/*(,. I $*6 $*,($ $*00i+)) % /%+(i&(i+' (% ($ /& % * 3*' +& %+&*)($+i/) i($ $% 6 %($ (*(+( $*, *i3,. O+ %($ $*, 6+ )0+( * %+($ i+ * )0/i*3 )(*3i)$+( *(L&%&' i($%&( %(*i+i+' *+ i0%6+(. I+ )i ?) $ *)/%03(3 /&,@ *+, $ i) +% ($ $*00i)( *+ %+ %&3, i)$ (%i+,@ *( $*6i+' ($%&'$( $i)3 ($ %)( i)*3. Ni($ i) $6 3i?3 (% *33 i33 *'*i+ i+ ($ )* *@ % I )$%, $i $% (%*? &) % /%+)/i%&) *&(%)&'')(i%+ *+, $ ,%) i( *63%&)3 33.

&( i )&'')(i%+ i) &)&3 i+ (*(i+' %*3 /%03*i+() *+, 0$)i/*3 *i3+()@ * i( +%( +, )(i33 '*( )6i/) (% )%/i(@ i+(&+i+' i+(% $%+)( %3?) ($ (/$, /$i3,+ $% 0%03 %&%*(%i) *+, $% %+3 3*6 ($ (% +( ($ * % /i. L(+% %+ (33 i( i) i0%))i3. T$ , i)() *+, I /*+ 0%6 i(.

I i33 &%( ($ (% %33%i+' /*)) $i/$ * 6/$**/(i)(i/@ &( $ I &)( i+)( * *?) i+ 0*+($)i). T%*? %& &+,)(*+, ($ * i+ $i/$ )&'')(i%+ */() i+ ($(*(+( % %*3 (*i+() I i33 &) ($ %33%i+' /%0*i)%+. S&00%)%& *i+ i) * 03*+? i+ $i/$ * ,i6+ +*i3) $i/$ 0)+( ($ i,*)@$*i()@ *+, i+)(i+/()@ $i/$ ,(i+ %& */(i%+). I i+, ($*( ($

i)() i+ * )&/( * *, i,*@ * *, $*i(@ * *, i+)(i+/(@ -- *) i( @ * *, +*i3@ (*? *+%($ $i/$ i) ($ '%%, i,*@ $*i(@ % i+)(i+/(@ 03*/ i( %+ (%0 % ($ *, %+ *+, 'i6 * (*0 i($ * $* -- i+ %($%,) *? * )&'')(i%+. T$ + +*i3 i33 ,i6+ i+ 0$*0) *

!




*/(i%+ % *+ i+/$@ $i3 ($ %3, %+ i33 /% %&( (% ($ )* (+(.A( */$ )$ 3% i($ ($ $*@ ($*( i) (% )* *( */$ )$)&'')(i%+@ ($ %+ i33 ,i6+ i+ * */(i%+ &($ *+, ($ %($i33 ,i6+ %&( ($ )* *%&+(@ &+(i3@ *( * /(*i+ +& %

3%)@ ($ %3, +*i3 i33 /% %&( /%03(3 *+, 03*/, ($+ %+. W$+ ($i) )&)(i(&(i%+ $*) + *,@ ($ i+,i6i,&*3 %)i(.

L( &) (&+ (% %& *03). Li((3 M@ * /$i3, %36+ 3i6i+' *( T%)@ *) )&/( +i'$( *+, ,* (% /(*i+ *//i,+()i+$+( (% *3 i+*+/ ,-((i+'. H *) *3)% * ?30(%*+i*/@*+,@ % /%&)@ &+(&($&3 i+(% ($ *'*i+. A( $i) %($:) &)( I(*(, $i )&'')(i%+. A( ($ i)( 6i)i( ($ *//i,+() /*), ,*@ &( /%+(i+&, *( +i'$(. Li((3 3i((3 ($ /* 3)) &+(@*+, i+*33@ * %+($) *(*,)@ ($ /$i3, *) /%03(3 /&,.I+ ($ )* 0i%, $i) ($i6i+' 0%0+)i(i) 3))+,@ *+, i+ )i%+($) ($ $*, +(i3 /*),.

T$i) /$i3,:) %($@ *', i'$(+@ $*, /%+/i6, * 6i%3+($*(, *'*i+)( *+%($ % $i) %($). E6 (i ($*( $ $*, (*?+ *3i((3 (%% &/$ i+@ $ 3( i033, (% ,* * ?+i *+, )(* $i)

%($. H 3( ($*( %+ ,* % %($ $ %&3, +, ,%i+' )%@ *+, $?+ *( ($ )* (i ($*( $*6i+' ,%+ )% $ %&3, i+/%+)%3*3. I(*(, $i *3)% )&'')(i%+@ *+, ($ )&3( *) *63%&). A( ($

i)( (*(+( $ *) /&,. Hi) $*(, % $i) %($ $*,,i)*00*,@ *+, ($ $*6 )i+/ /% '%%, i+,) *+, '%( %+/*0i(*33 (%'($. I %33%, &0 ($ /*) % * 3%+' (i@ *+, ($ /&*) 0*++(.

Si+/ )&/$ )&3() * (% %(*i+, )&'')(i%+@ %&3, i(+%( +i/i*3 -- I i'$( 6+ )* i+,i)0+)*3 -- (% (*? &0 ($i)

($%, *+, i+(%,&/ i( i+(% %& %*(%i) I * *)%3&(3/%+6i+/, ($*( i )&'')(i%+ ,*i3 *003i, (% 6i/i%&) /$i3,+@% ($*+ 5< 0 /+( /%&3, /3*i,. W%&3, i( +%( *+ i+)

!7




)6i/ (% +, )%/i(@ (% i+' */? (% i( )*+ *+, 33 ) %i( $% %3 /%%,, %*3 ,/*

P$*0) I )$*33 (%3, ($*( )&'')(i%+ i) * ,*+'%&) ($i+'@ *+,($*( i( /*+ &), % 6i3 0&0%)). T$i) i) +% 6*3i, %/(i%+@ i)(

/*&) ($ 0*/(i/ % )&'')(i%+ %&3, %+3 /%+i,, ($ 0*(i+( (% 3i*3 *+, $%+)( 0%03@ -- (% ($ %*(% ,%/(%)@ %i+)(*+/@ -- *+, %+ ($ %($ $*+,@ ($%) $% )? (% &) i( % 6i3 *)?+% %+:) 0i))i%+.

&( 6+ *,i((i+' ($*( i( %) )% ,*+' $i/$ i) +%( )%I )$%&3, 3i? (% *)? $%6 0%) ($ %/(i%+@ (% (33 $*(($i+' &) ($*( i) +%( ,*+'%&) I) i( )(* '&+0%, *i3*))$i0) 3/(i/i( *&(%%i3) *i03*+) A ($ 0%i)%+) +%(,*+'%&) $i/$ @ ,%/(%) *+, /$i)()@ &) ,*i3 i+ i+&( ,%))@*+, $i/$ i'$( *)i3 ,)(% ($ 0*(i+( i@ i+ * %+(:)/*3))+))@ &+%(&+*(3 *, * i)(*? i+ i'$i+' ($ %&(

!8




A 1$W T"PCA# C2R$S

T$i) 3i((3 %? %&3, i+/%03( i i( ,i, +%( i+/3&, * *03) % ($ /&) %(*i+,. I( %&3, (*? (%% 3%+'@ *+, %&3, *3)%

0$*0) )%$*( (ii+' i I (% 3*( *33 ($%) i+ $i/$ I $*6(*?+ 0*(. I i33 ($% /%+(+( )3 &%(i+' * % ($ %)(

*?*3.Q0

M33. M D@ % T%)@ $*, )&, % i'$(*) % *)($* $i/$ %3i', $ (% )i( &0 i+ , +*3 *33 +i'$(@i'$(i+' % *($. P3ii+* 0i+() )$% ($*( )$ i) * 6)+)i(i6 )&/(. S$ )30) i,i*(3@ *+, ($ )&'')(i%+ i) 'i6+.F% ($ i)( (*(+( ($ i) *+ +%%&) i0%6+(. T$

0*(i+( $*) * '%%, +i'$(@ %+3 i+(&0(, %+ *((*/? % *)($*$i/$ %+3 3*)() * &*( % *+ $%&. I+ * 6 )$%( (i ($ *)($*,i)*00*) /%03(3 *+, ($ i) +% 3*0) 3*( %+.

M. M@ * %?i+' $%)i 3i6i+' *( S*i+(-S*6i+ +*T%)@ 0**3, % (% *) *) ($ )&3( % i+&i) *( ($ &+/(i%+% ($ )0i+*3 /%3&+ *+, ($ 036i). T$ 0**3)i) i) %+3 i+ ($ 3%3i)@ i+ $i/$ ($ /i/&3*(i%+ % ($ 3%%, $*) 0*/(i/*33 /*),@*?i+' ($ )%33+@ /%+')(,@ *+, ,i)/%3%,. S6*3 (*(+()@i+/3&,i+' ($ *+(i)0$i3i(i/@ $*6 + (i, i($%&( )&//)).P3ii+* 0i+() )&//))&3 )&'')(i%+ *003i, @ *+,*&(%)&'')(i%+ ($ 0*(i+( % i'$( ,*). A( ($ +, % ($i) (i($ i) *+ *3%)( i0/0(i3 &( )(i33 *00/i*3 %6+( % ($3( 3'. R+, )&'')(i%+. I+ i'$( ,*) ($ i0%6+( i)

+%(i/*3. E6 ? % %(+i'$( ($ i) *+ i+/*), i0%6+(i($ 0%'))i6 3))+i+' % ($ )33i+'@ *+, )% %+. E36+ %+($)*(*,)@ %+ ($ i)( % N%6@ 19<@ ($ 0*(i+( '%) ,%+)(*i)*3%+ *+, *3?) 8<< *,)@ *+, i+ ($ %+($ % ;&3@ 19<7@ '%) */?

!9




(% ($ */(% $ $ $*) /%+(i+&, (% %? )i+/ ($*( (i@ i($ +%(*/ % 0**3)i).

M. A G@ 3i6i+' *( T%)@ $*) 3%+' )&, %+(i(i)@ % $i/$ ,i+( (*(+() $*6 + (i, i+ 6*i+. H i)*3)% i+ * 6 *, )(*( +(*33@ i+' ,0)),@ '3%%@ &+)%/i*3@*+, %))), ($%&'$() % )&i/i,. P3ii+* 0i+() *)@%33%, )&'')(i%+ $i/$ 0%,&/) *+ *00/i*3 )&3( % ($6 ,*. F% ($ %+($)@ ,*i3 )&'')(i%+) (% 'i+ i($@ ($+ *(i+/*)i+'3 3%+' i+(6*3). A( ($ +, % ($i) (i@ ($ /& i)/%03(@ ($ +(i(i) $*) ,i)*00*,@ *+, $i) %*3) $*6 /%/33+(. A) ($ /& ,*() */? (36 *) i($%&( ($ )$*,% % *3*0)@ i( * /%+)i,, *) 0*++(. M. G@ i) * )(i?i+'*03 % ($ /() ($*( /*+ 0%,&/, )&'')(i%+@ % *($ *&(%)&'')(i%+. A( ($ )* (i *) I *, )&'')(i%+) (% $i %($ 0$)i/*3 0%i+( % 6i@ I *3)% ,i, )% % ($ +(*3@ *+, $*//0(, %($ )&'')(i%+) &*33 33. E6 ,* $i) /%+i,+/ i+

$i)3 i+/*),@ *+, *) $ *) *+ /33+( %?*+@ i+ %, (%*+ %@ $ 3%%?, %&( % * */$i+ $i/$ %&3, +*3 $i (%%? *( $% % $i) 03%. A 3i((3 3*( * */(% %+ $*6i+')+ i($ $i) %+ ) $*( * '%%, %?*+ $ *)@ +(&)(, $ii($ ($ 6 */$i+ $ ,)i,. T$*+?) (% $i) )?i33 $ *) *3 (%(&+ %&( &/$ % ($*+ *+ %,i+* %?*+@ *+, $i) 03%@,3i'$(, i($ ($ )&3(@ '*6 $i *+%($ *+, ( *+%($ */$i+@&+(i3 M. G-@ $%@ &( % )&'')(i%+@ %&3, $*6 *i+, *+ %,i+*

%?*+@ i) +% i+ /$*' % )i */$i+) $i/$ i+' $i * 6$*+, )% 0%i(.

M. D@ *( T%)@ *%&( !< *) % *'. S$ i) i+ ($3*)( )(*') % /%+)&0(i%+@ *+, '%) ($i++ ,*i3 i+ )0i( % )0/i*3+%&i)$+(. S$ )&) % /%&'$i+' *+, )0i((i+'@ *+, $*),ii/&3( i+ *($i+' i+ */(@ % *33 *00**+/) )$ $*) %+3 *

%+($) (% 3i6. P3ii+* 0i+() )$% '*( )+)i(i6+))@ *+,)&'')(i%+ i) %33%, i,i*( i0%6+(. F% ($ +( ,*($ %i, )0(%) 'i+ (% 3))+. E6 ,* ($ i0%6+(

"<




/%) % *?,@ ($ 0*(i+( *0i,3 0&() %+ 3)$@ *3($%&'$ )$+% 3%+' (*?) )0/i*3 +%&i)$+(. I+ * %+($) ($ /& i)*00*+(3 /%03(. T$i) 0)%+ %( (% %+ ($ 1)( % ;*+&*@1911@ ($*( i) (% )* i'$( %+($) *( I $*, 3( T%)@ (% ($*+? *+, (% (33 ($*(@ *3($%&'$ 0'+*+(@ )$ *) 0/(3 33.

I $*6 0&0%)3 /$%)+ ($) /*)) ,*(i+' )% (i */?@ i+%, (% )$% ($*( ($ /&) * 0*++(@ &( I )$%&3, 3i? (% *,, * % /+( %+).

M. =@ P%)( Oi/ /3? *( L&+6i33. H*6i+' 3%)( %+% $i) /$i3,+ i+ ;*+&*@ 191<@ ($ (%&3 0%,&/) i+ $i * /*3,i)(&*+/ $i/$ *+i)() i()3 &+/%+(%33*3 +6%&)(3i+'. Hi) &+/3 i+') $i (% i+ ($ %+($ % ;&+.P3ii+* 0i+() %33%, )&'')(i%+. F%& ,*) *(*,)($ 0*(i+( (&+) (% (33 ($*( ($ (3i+' $*) ,i)*00*,. I+ ($ )&'')(i%+ *+, (33 $i (% (&+ i+ i'$( ,*). A ?@ ($+* %(+i'$(@ ($+ ($ ?)@ ($+ * %+($@ 0*)) i($%&( $*i+' *+ % % $i. S$%(3 *(*,) $i) &+/3 /%) *+, (33) ($*( $ $*) &)( $*, * 3(( % $i) +0$@ $% i) 0/(3 33.H $*) (*?+ %+ *'*i+ $i) %? *) (3'*0$i)( $i/$ $ $*, +%3i', (% 'i6 &0@ *+, ($ ,* %@ $ $*, )+( % * (3'* %17< %,) i($%&( ($ 3*)( ,ii/&3(. H /%&3, *)i3@ $ *,,, i+ $i)3((@ $*6 )+( % *+ 6+ 3%+' %+. Si+/ ($+ $ $*) $*, +%

3*0).

M. Y@ % N*+/@ $*) )&, % +&*)($+i* %)6*3 *). H $*) *6)i%+)@ +6%&) *)@ *+, ,i)%,) % ($)(%*/$ *+, i+()(i+). H )30) *,3@ i) '3%% *+, i) $*&+(, i,*) % )&i/i, $ )(*'') $+ $ *3?) 3i? * ,&+?+ *+@ *+,/*+ ($i+? % +%($i+' &( $i) (%&3. A33 (*(+() $*6 *i3, *+, $

'() %) *+, %) * )(* i+ * )0/i*3 +&)i+' $% % )&/$ /*))$*) +% /( $*(6. M. Y /%) (% ) *( ($ 'i++i+'% O/(%@ 191<. P3ii+* 0i+() /%0**(i63 *). I

"1




03*i+ (% ($ 0*(i+( ($ 0i+/i03) % *&(%)&'')(i%+@ *+, ($i)(+/ i($i+ &) % ($ /%+)/i%&) *+, ($ &+/%+)/i%&) )3@ *+, ($+*? ($ &i, )&'')(i%+. F% (% % ($ ,*) M. Y $*) *3i((3 ,ii/&3( i($ ($ 03*+*(i%+) I $*6 'i6+ $i. I+ * )$%( (i3i'$( *?) i+ &0%+ $i) i+,@ *+, $ '*)0) ($ $%3 ($i+'. I +($ )&'')(i%+@ *+, $ *?) i( $i)3 (%% 6 ,*. T$i0%6+(@ $i/$ i) *( i)( )3%@ /%) % *+, % *0i,@*+, i+ * %+($ *+, * $*3 ($ /& i) /%03(. T$ -i+6*3i, $% $*,3*(3 /%+)i,, $i)3 ($ %)( (/$, % +@ +% ($i+?)$i)3 ($ $*00i)(.

M. E@ % T%). A+ *((*/? % '%&( ($ i'$( *+?3 i)i+3*, *+, 0*i+&3@ *+, $ i) &+*3 (% *3?. T$ 03ii+*0i+() )$% $i (% * 6 )+)i(i6 )&/(. A( ($ i)((*(+( $ i) *3 (% '*i+@ i($%&( ($ $30 % $i) )(i/?@ ($ /*i*'$i/$ %&'$( $i@ *+, ($ 0*i+ $*) /*),. T$ +( ,* $ ,%) +%((&+ *) I $*, (%3, $i (% ,%. A(*,) $i) i /%) *3%+ *+,

(33) ($*( ($*( %+i+' $ $&)*+, $*, '%( &0@ 0&( %+ $i) )$%)@*+, '%+ % %+ $i) i//3 (% 6i)i( $i) *,) $ i) * 0*i+(. I( i)+,3)) (% (33 %& &(( *)(%+i)$+(. I *) +%( *3 (% %33% &0($i) /*)@ *) ($ 0*(i+( +6 ,i'+, (% /% *+, ) *'*i+@ &()% (i *(*, I $*, ($*( $ $*, $*, +% 3*0).

M. T@ % N*+/. N&*)($+i*@ ,)00)i*@

'*)(*3'i*@ +(i(i)@ *+, 0*i+) i+ ,i+( 0*() % ($ %,. S$ $*)(*(, $)3 % )6*3 *) i($ * +'*(i6 )&3(. I (*( $ )&'')(i%+@ *+, )$ *?) *&(%)&'')(i%+) % $)3 6 ,*. F%($ i)( ,* ($ i) * +%(i/*3 i0%6+( $i/$ /%+(i+&)i($%&( i+(&0(i%+. A( ($ 0)+( %+( ($i) 0)%+ $*) 3%+' +/&, +(*33 *+, 0$)i/*33@ *+, %33%) +% 'i+. S$ ($i+?) ($*()$ )(i33 $*) 0$*0) * )3i'$( (%&/$ % +(i(i)@ &( )$ i) +%( )&.

M. =@ * )i)( % M. T. A/&(+&*)($+i* )$ )(*) i+ , * %(+i'$( 6 %+($@ *) i( i) (%(*33

"2




i0%))i3 % $ (% %6 % %? )$ )&) % 3*/? % *00(i(@,0))i%+@ *+, ,i')(i6 ,i)%,). S$ i) /&, %+ 6i)i(@ *+, ($/& )) (% 0*++( *) )$ $*) $*, +% 3*0).

M. H@ *( M*6i33. G+*3 /*@ $i/$ i) 0*(i/&3*3 )6 %+ ($ 3( 3'. %($ 3') * i+3*,@ *%6 *33 *(($ *+?3) *3?i+' i) ,ii/&3( *+, 0*i+&3. I (*( $ )&'')(i%+.T$*( )* 6+i+' M. H i) *3 (% *3? )6*3 $&+,,*,) i($%&( *(i'&. T$ ,* *( ($ ( *+, *+?3) * +% 3%+')%33+ *+, $*6 +%( + )%33+ *'*i+ )i+/. T$ /* ,i)*00*)*0i,3.

M. F@ *( L*+&66i33. P*i+) i+ ($ ?i,+) *+, ($?+). T$ i33+)) ,*() % (+ *) */? *+, i) /%i+' %)6 ,*. S&'')(i%+ % @ *+, *&(%)&'')(i%+ % $)3. T$i0%6+( i) i,i*( *+, i+/*)) 0%'))i63. T$ /& i)%(*i+, *0i,3@ *+, i) * 0*++( %+.

M. @ % N*+/@ 3( i33 i+ ;*+&*@ 191<@ i($/%+')(i%+ % ($ 3&+')@ % $i/$ )$ $*, +%( /%6, (% %+($)3*(. S$ )&) % '+*3 *?+))@ 3%)) % *00(i(@ *,,i')(i6 (%&3@ * *+, ,ii/&3( %3 */(i%+@ i+)%+i*@ /%0i%&)+i'$(-)*(). A( ($ i)( )&'')(i%+@ ($ 0*(i+( 3) &/$ ((@

*+, (% ,*) 3*( )$ (&+) *+, (33) ($*( )$ 3) &i( 33.E6 (*/ % i33+)) $*) ,i)*00*,@ *+, *33 ($ %'*+) *&+/(i%+i+' +%*33. T$ % %& (i) )$ $*, + %+ ($ 0%i+( %)*(i+'@ &( */$ (i 06+(, i( ($ &) % /%+)/i%&)*&(%)&'')(i%+. F% ($i) (i M. $*) +%,

0/(3 '%%, $*3($.

M. =@ *( 3%(@ /*++%( (*3? % % ($*+ (+ i+&()% * &*( % *+ $%& i($%&( /%i+' /%03(3 *0$%+%&).Di+( ,%/(%) /%+)&3(, i+, +% 3)i%+ i+ ($ 6%/*3 %'*+)@ &( %+% ($ )*) ($*( M. = )&) % )+i3i( % ($ 3*+@ *+,

"!




($i) /%+/3&)i%+ /%+i) $i i+ ($ 3i ($*( $ i) i+/&*3. H/%) (% )0+, $i) $%3i,*) *( N*+/@ *+, * 3*, % */&*i+(*+/*,6i)) $i (% /% *+, ) . H &)) *( i)(@ &( 6+(&*33/%+)+() i+ )0i( % $i) *)%3&( ,i)3i i+ ($ /() % )&'')(i%+. I(*( $i i+ ($i) * +6($3))@ *+, *)? $i (% (&+ (% ,*)*(*,). H /%) */? %+ ($ *00%i+(, ,*@ *+, (33) ($*( ($,* % $ *) *3 (% /%+6) ($ $%3 *(+%%+ i($%&(

/%i+' *0$%+%&). T% ,*) 3*( $ (&+) *'*i+ (% )* ($*( $i)(%&3 $*, +%( *00*,@ *3($%&'$ $ $*, +%( %+3 /%+6), * '*(,*3 &( 6+ )&+' ($ ,* %. T$ /& )(i33 $%3,) '%%, *+, I *

/%+6i+/, ($*( i( i33 *3*) ,% )%.

% /3%)i+'@ I )$%&3, 3i? (% )* * %,) %+ ($*003i/*(i%+ % ($%, (% ($ (*i+i+' *+, /%/(i%+ % /$i3,+ ($i 0*+().

T$ 3*(( )$%&3, *i( &+(i3 ($ /$i3, i) *)30@ *+, ($+ %+ %($ )$%&3, +( $i) %% i($ 0/*&(i%+@ )(%0 * *, % $i) ,@*+, 0*( 15 % 2< (i) i+ * && *33 ($ ($i+') ($ i)$ (%%(*i+ % ($ /$i3,@ % ($ 0%i+( % 6i % $*3($@ %?@ )30@*003i/*(i%+@ /%+,&/(@ (/. H )$%&3, ($+ (i *) $ /*@ (*?i+''*( /* +%( (% **? ($ /$i3,. T$i) (3 )i03 0%/)) 'i6)($ )( 0%))i3 )&3()@ *+, i( i) *) (% &+,)(*+, $. W$+ ($/$i3, i) *)30 $i) %, *+, $i) /%+)/i%&) )3 * *( )( *+,@ *) i(

@ *++i$i3*(, $i) &+/%+)/i%&) )3 $%6 i) **? i( i) ($+ (%($ 3*(( *3%+ ($*( %+ )0*?)@ *+, *) i( i) 6 /,&3%&) i( *//0()$*( %+ )*) (% i( i($%&( ,i)0&(@ )% ($*(@ 3i((3 3i((3@ ($ /$i3,*i6) *( *?i+' % $i)3 $*( $i) 0*+() ,)i $i (% .

""




C/3C#2S/3

W$*( /%+/3&)i%+ i) (% ,*+ % *33 ($i)

T$ /%+/3&)i%+ i) 6 )i03 *+, /*+ 0)), i+ *

%,) W 0%)))) i($i+ &) * %/ % i+/*3/&3*3 0%@ $i/$@$+ $*+,3 i( &+/%+)/i%&)3 i) %(+ 0&,i/i*3 (% &). I %+ ($/%+(* ,i/( i( i+ * /%+)/i%&) *+, i) *++@ i( 'i6) &) ($*)( % %&)36) *+, *33%) &) +%( %+3 (% )/*0 *+, (% *i, %($)(% )/*0@ % 0$)i/*3 *+, +(*3 i33)@ &( *3)% (% 3i6 i+ 3*(i6$*00i+))@ $*(6 ($ /%+,i(i%+) i+ $i/$ * i+, %&)36).

L*)(3@ *+, *%6 *33@ i( )$%&3, *003i, (% ($ %*3'+*(i%+ % ($%) $% $*6 *+,, % ($ i'$( 0*($.

EMILE COU.

"5




C'APT$R - Thoughts and Precepts of $%ileCou&

Ta!en do8n literally by MM$ $M#$ #$/3, his disciple

D% +%( )0+, %& (i i+ ($i+?i+' % i33+)) %& i'$( $*6@% i %& $*6 +% *3 %+) %& i33 /*( *(ii/i*3 %+).

W$+ %& *? /%+)/i%&) *&(%)&'')(i%+)@ ,% i( +*(&*33@)i03@ i($ /%+6i/(i%+@ *+, *%6 *33 i($%&( *+ %(. I&+/%+)/i%&) *+, *, *&(%)&'')(i%+) * )% %(+ *3i,@ i( i)

/*&) ($ * *, i($%&( %(.

)& ($*( %& i33 %(*i+ $*( %& *+(@ *+, %& i33 %(*i+i(@ )% 3%+' *) i( i) i($i+ *)%+.

T% /% *)( % %+)3 i( i) +%&'$ (% ($i+? ($*( %+ i) /%i+' )%... . Y%& $*+,) (3@ %& )(0) *3(@ (33 %&)3($*( *33 ($*( i) '%i+' (% /*)@ *+, 3i((3 3i((3 i( i33 ,i)*00*. I( i)+%( i+ &( i+ %&)3 ($*( %& &)( $*6 /%+i,+/@ % i( i) i+%&)3 *3%+ ($*( ,33) ($ %/ $i/$ /*+ /& %&. M 0*()i03 /%+)i)() i+ (*/$i+' %& (% *? &) % ($*( %/.

N6 ,i)/&)) ($i+') %& ?+% +%($i+' *%&(@ % %& i33 %+3*? %&)3 i,i/&3%&).

"




T$i+') $i/$ ) i*/&3%&) (% %& $*6 * 0/(3 +*(&*3/*&) i ($ ) (*%,i+*@ i( i) %+3 /*&) ($ /*&) )/*0)%&. W$+ %& ?+% ($*(@ %& *3i ($*( +%($i+' /%&3, %+*(&*3.

W$+ ($ i33 *+, ($ i*'i+*(i%+ * i+ /%+3i/(@ i( i) *3*)($ i*'i+*(i%+ $i/$ i+). S&/$ * /*) i) %+3 (%% &+(@ *+, ($++%( %+3 ,% +%( ,% $*( *+(@ &( &)( ($ /%+(* % $*( *+(. F% *03 ($ % ( (% '% (% )30@ ($ % ( (% ($ +* % )%%+@ ($ % ( (% )(%0 3*&'$i+'@ ($% ( (% *6%i, *+ %)(*/3@ $i3 ($i+?i+' ($*( /*++%( ,% )%@($ % /i(, /%@ ($ 3)) /*+ ($ +*@ ($% &+/%+(%33*3 %& 3*&'$( /%)@ *+, ($ % )&3 &)$ &0%+ ($ %)(*/3.

I( i) ($+ ($ i*'i+*(i%+ *+, +%( ($ i33 $i/$ i) ($ %)(i0%(*+( */&3( % *+ *+, ($&) i( i) * )i%&) i)(*? (% *,6i)

0%03 (% (*i+ ($i i33)@ i( i) ($ (*i+i+' % ($i i*'i+*(i%+) $i/$($ %&'$( (% )( *%&(.

T$i+') * +%( % &) $*( ($ *@ &( $*( ($ ) ($i)03*i+) ($ /%+(*,i/(% 6i,+/ % 0)%+) )0*?i+' i+ *33 '%%,*i($.

3i6i+' %+)3 (% ($ *)( % %+:) ($%&'$() %+ /%) )%.

E6 %+ % %& ($%&'$()@ '%%, % *,@ /%) /%+/(@*(i*3i)@ *+, /%) i+ )$%( * *3i(. W * $*( *?%&)36) *+, +%( $*( /i/&)(*+/) *? &).

"7




W$%6 )(*() % i+ 3i i($ ($ i,*@ :I )$*33 )&//,:@ *3*),%) )&//, /*&) $ ,%) $*( i) +/))* (% i+' *%&( ($i))&3(. I %+3 %+ %00%(&+i( 0)+() i()3 (% $i@ *+, i ($i)%00%(&+i( $*)@ *) i( @ %+3 %+ $*i %+ i() $*,@ $ )i) i( ($*( %+ $*i. F&($@ $ %(+ i+') *%&(@ &+/%+)/i%&)3 % +%(@

0%0i(i%&) /i/&)(*+/).

H $% %+ ($ /%+(* *3*) ,%&() $i)3@ +6 )&//,)i+ ,%i+' *+($i+'. H i'$( i+, $i)3 i+ ($ i,)( % *+ * %%00%(&+i(i) i($ $*,) % $*i 3i? A)*3%@ *+, ( $ %&3, +%() ($@ *+, /%&3, +%( )i * )i+'3 %+@ 6+ i $ $*, %+3 (%)((/$ %&( $i) $*+, i+ %, (% ,% )%. A+, i $ i+') *%&(/i/&)(*+/)@ ($ * '+*33 &+*6%*3 %+). D% +%( ($+ 3**(@ %& $*6 %+3 %&)3 (% 3*.

P%03 * *3*) 0*/$i+' ($ ,%/(i+ % %(@ &( ($i) i,*&)( 0&,i*(,. E%( *+) i33@ *+, i33 *+) ($ 0%))i3+(*+/ % ($ i*'i+*(i%+ i+ %00%)i(i%+@ *+, ($ i+'i+' *%&( %($ */(3 /%+(* )&3( (% ($ ,)i, %+.

A3*) ($i+? ($*( $*( %& $*6 (% ,% i) *)@ i 0%))i3. I+($i) )(*( % i+, %& i33 +%( )0+, % % %& )(+'($ ($*+ &)($*( i) +/))* i %& /%+)i, i( ,ii/&3(@ %& i33 )0+, (+@

(+( (i) % )(+'($ ($*+ %& +, i+ %($ %,)@ %& i33*)( i(.

A&(%)&'')(i%+ i) *+ i+)(&+( $i/$ %& $*6 (% 3*+ $%(% &) &)( *) %& %&3, % *+ %($ i+)(&+(. A+ /33+( '&+ i+i+0i+/, $*+,) %+3 'i6) (/$, )&3()@ &( ($ % )?i33,($ )* $*+,) /%@ ($ % *)i3 ($ 03*/ ($ &33() i+ ($

(*'(.

"8




C%+)/i%&) *&(%)&'')(i%+@ *, i($ /%+i,+/@ i($ *i($@i($ 0)6*+/@ *3i) i()3 *($*(i/*33@ i($i+ *)%+.

W$+ /(*i+ 0%03 ,% +%( %(*i+ )*(i)*/(% )&3() i($*&(%)&'')(i%+@ i( i) i($ /*&) ($ 3*/? /%+i,+/@ % /*&)($ *? %()@ $i/$ i) ($ % &+( /*). T% *? '%%,)&'')(i%+) i( i) *)%3&(3 +/))* (% ,% i( i($%&( %(. T$ 3*((i03i) ($ &) % ($ i33@ $i/$ &)( +(i3 0&( *)i,. O+ &)($*6 /%&) /3&)i63 (% ($ i*'i+*(i%+.

M*+ 0%03 $% $*6 (*?+ /* % ($i $*3($ *33 ($i 3i i+6*i+@ i*'i+ ($*( ($ /*+ i,i*(3 /&, *&(%)&'')(i%+. I(i) * i)(*?@ % i( i) +%( *)%+*3 (% ($i+? )%. I( i) +% &) 0/(i+'% )&'')(i%+ % ($*+ i( /*+ +%*33 0%,&/@ ($*( i) (% )*@ *

0%'))i6 i0%6+( $i/$ 3i((3 3i((3 (*+)%) i()3 i+(% */%03( /&@ $+ ($*( i) 0%))i3.

T$ *+) 03%, ($ $*3) *33 '% */? (%*&(%)&'')(i%+@ ($*( i) (% )*@ ($*( ($) ($%,)@ $*(6 ($ *@%,)@ i+/*+(*(i%+)@ ')(&)@ )(*'i+'@ *33 0%,&/ i+ ($ 0*(i+( ($*&(%)&'')(i%+ % /%6.

E6 i33+)) $*) (% *)0/() &+3)) i( i) /3&)i63 * +(*3%+. I+,,@ %+ 6 0$)i/*3 i33+)) * +(*3 %+ /%) *+, *((*/$)i()3. I 'i6 (% ($ 0$)i/*3 i33+)) ($ /%i/i+( 1@ ($ +(*3i33+)) * $*6 ($ /%i/i+( 1@ 2@ 1<@ 2<@ 5<@1<<@ *+, %. I+*+ /*)) ($i) /*+ ,i)*00* i+)(*+(*+%&)3@ *+, i i() /%i/i+( i)* 6 $i'$ %+@ 1<< % i+)(*+/@ $i3 ($*( % ($ 0$)i/*3 *i3+( i)1@ %+3 ($i) 3*(( i) 3(@ * 1<1)( % ($ (%(*3 i33+)) )&/$ * ($i+' i)/*33, * i*/3@ *+, ( ($ i) +%($i+' i*/&3%&) *%&( i(.

C%+(* (% /%%+ %0i+i%+@ 0$)i/*3 ,i)*)) * '+*33* % *)i3 /&, ($*+ +(*3 %+).

"9




&%+ &), (% )* :S(3 i) ($ *+.: W %&3, 0&( i+ ($*(

:M*+ i) $*( $ ($i+?).: T$ * % *i3& i) *3%)( /(*i+ (% /*&)*i3&@ i+ ($ )* * *) ($ i,* % )&//)) i+') )&//))@ *+,+*3) %+ *3*) (% )&%&+( ($ %)(*/3) ($*( * ( i($.

C%+6i/(i%+ i) *) +/))* (% ($ )&'')( *) (% $i) )&/(. I(i) ($i) /%+6i/(i%+@ ($i) *i($ $i/$ +*3) $i (% %(*i+ )&3() $*33 %($ *+) $*6 *i3,.

I( i) +%( ($ 0)%+ $% */()@ i( i) ($ ($%,.

. . . C%+(* (% '+*3 %0i+i%+@ )&'')(i%+@ % *&(%)&'')(i%+@/*+ i+' *%&( ($ /& % %'*+i/ 3)i%+).

F%3 i( *) 3i6, ($*( $0+%(i) /%&3, %+3 *003i,(% ($ (*(+( % +6%&) i33+))) i() ,%*i+ i) * '*( ($*+ ($*(.I( i) (& ($*( $0+%(i) */() ($%&'$ ($ i+(,i* % ($ +6%&)))( &( ($ +6%&) ))( ,%i+*() ($ $%3 %'*+i). T$&)/3) * )( i+ %6+( ($ +6) ($ +6) '&3*( ($/i/&3*(i%+ ($i ,i/( */(i%+ %+ ($ $*(@ *+, ($i */(i%+ %+ ($

3%%, 6))3) $i/$ ($ ,i3*( % /%+(*/(. T$ +6) */( ($+ %+ *33

($ %'*+)@ *+, ($i i+(,i*(i%+ *33 ($ &+$*3($ %'*+) * */(,.

DOCTEUR PAUL ;OIRE

P4)i,+( % ($ S%/i4(4 &+i6)33 ,:(&,) 0)/$i&)

&33. N%. " % ($ S.L.P.

5<




. . . M%*3 i+3&+/ $*) * /%+)i,*3 6*3& *) * $30 i+

$*3i+'. I( i) * */(% % ($ i)( %, $i/$ i( %&3, 6 %+' (%+'3/(@ )i+/ i+ ,i/i+@ *) i+ 6 *+/$ % $&*+ */(i6i(@ i( i)($ )0ii(&*3 %/) $i/$ 3*, ($ %3,.

DOCTEUR LOUIS RENON

L/(&i+' P%))% *( ($ F*/&3( % M,i/i+ % P*i)@ *+,D%/(% *( ($ N/? H%)0i(*3

. . . N6 3%) )i'$( % ($ '*( 0i+/i03 % *&(%)&'')(i%+O0(ii) *3*) *+, i+ )0i( % 6($i+'@ 6+ $+ 6+() ,% +%() (% &)(i i(.

RENE DE DRAOIS &33@ 2 % ($ S.L.P.A.

S&'')(i%+ )&)(*i+, *i($ i) * %i,*3 %/.DOCTEUR A. L.@ P*i) ;&3@ 192<

T% $*6 *+, (% i+)0i &+*3(*3 /%+i,+/@ %+ &)( *3?i($ ($ *))&*+/ % 0/( )i+/i(@ *+, i+ %, (% 0%)))) ($i)*))&*+/ *+, )i+/i(@ %+ &)( i)$ % ($ '%%, % %($) %($*+ %+:) %+.

C&3(& , 3* F%/ M%*3@ C. AUDOUIN

51




C'APT$R - /bser)ations on 8hat Autosuggestion Can Do

YOUNG @ 1! *) %3,@ +() ($ $%)0i(*3 i+ ;*+&* 1912.H $*) * 6 )i%&) $*( /%03*i+( /$**/(i, * 0/&3i*i( i+

($ )0i*(i%+ $ $*) )&/$ ,ii/&3( i+ *($i+' ($*( $ /*+ %+3 (*?6 )3% *+, )$%( )(0). T$ ,%/(% $% *((+,) $i@ %+ % %& )( 0*/(i(i%+)@ 0,i/() * *0i, *+, *(*3 i))&. T$ i+6*3i, 3*6) ($$%)0i(*3 i+ F&*@ +% ((. A i+, % $i) *i3 i+') $i (%@ *+, $+ I ) $i I '*, $i *) * $%03)) /*)@ &(+6($3)) I *? $i 0*)) ($%&'$ ($ 03ii+* 0i+()$i/$ * *63%&)3 )&//))&3. A( $*6i+' *, $i * )&'')(i%+*+, *,6i), $i (% ,% ($ )* ($i+' % $i)3@ I (33 $i (% /%

*/? i+ (% ,*). W$+ $ ,%) )% I +%(i/ (% *)(%+i)$+( **?*3 i0%6+( i+ $i) )0i*(i%+ *+, $i) *3?i+'. I +($ )&'')(i%+@ *+, (% ,*) *(*,)@ $+ $ (&+)@ ($i0%6+( $*) /%+(i+&,@ *+, )% i( i) *( 6 6i)i(. S% *0i, i) ($

0%')) ($*( $ *?) ($*(@ ($ ?) *( ($ i)( 6i)i(@ 3i((3 0*(i+( i) *3 (% '% %+ %%( i($ $i) %($ (% ($ 03*(*& % Vi33).H /*+ *($ i($ *) *+, *3%)( +%*33@ $ /*+ *3? i($%&('((i+' %&( % *($@ *+, /*+ %&+( ($ )(*i)@ $i/$ *) i0%))i3

% $i %. A) ($ i0%6+( i) )(*,i3 *i+(*i+,@ 3i((3 *)?) i $ /*+ '% *+, *+, )(* i($ $i) '*+,%($ *( C*i'+*+.A) $ )) 33 I *,6i) $i (% ,% )%@ *+, $ '%) %@ &( )+,) +) % $i)3 % (i (% (i. Hi) $*3($ i) /%i+' (( *+,

((@ $ $*) * '%%, *00(i(@ ,i')() *+, *))ii3*() $i) %%, 33@*+, ($ 3i+' % %00))i%+ $*) +(i3 ,i)*00*,. N%( %+3 /*+ $*3? 3i? 6%, 3)@ &( $ 6+ &+) *+, /$*)) &((3i).

H (&+) i+ O/(%@ *+, I /*+ $*,3 /%'+i $i@ % ($ +( *+, 0&+ 3i((3 33% $% $*, 3( i+ M* $*) /% * (*33

52




&0i'$( %@ $%) */ *) i($ $*3($. H $*) '%+ 12/+(i() *+, '*i+, 19 3). i+ i'$(. Si+/ ($+ $ $*) 3i6, *

0/(3 +%*3 3i $ &+) &0 *+, ,%+ )(*i)@ i,) * i//3@ *+, 03*) %%(*33 i($ $i) /%*,).

Mi3 = @ % G+6*@ *', 1!. S% %+ ($ (03 /%+)i,, )6*3 ,%/(%) *) i+' % (&/&3* %i'i+ % * * *+, * $*3 i($*) &), (% i3, (% ($ ,i+( (*(+() %,,. S$ i) (*?+ (%M. *&,%&i+@ * %33% % M. C%&4 *( G+6*@ $% (*() $ )&'')(i%+ *+, (33) $ (% (&+ i+ * ?. W$+ )$ /%) */? ($)% $*) $*3,.

Mi3 @ *3)% % G+6*. H*) $*, ($ i'$( 3' ,*+ &0 % 17*)@ %i+' (% *+ *)/)) *%6 ($ ?+ $i/$ $*, $*, (% %0*(, &0%+. S$ *)?) M. *&,%&i+ (% (*( $ )&'')(i%+@ *+,$*,3 $*) $ '&+ $+ ($ 3' /*+ +( *+, &++( i+ * +%*3*++. T$ *) % /%&) * 0)/$%3%'i/*3 /*&) i+ ($i) /*).

M U*i+ M*i@ *', 55@ *( M*6i33. V*i/%) &3/@,*(i+' % % ($*+ * * *+, * $*3. Fi)( 6i)i( i+ S0( 1915@*+, * )/%+, %+ * ? 3*(. I+ * %(+i'$( ($ /& i) /%03(.

Ei3 C$+&@ 1< *) %3,@ G*+,-R&@ 19 * &' %M(. S% &+?+%+ $*( /%03*i+( i($ 6'(*(i%+). E6 +i'$(3%)) 3%%, ($ %&($. C%) i)( i+ ;&3 1915@ *+, *( * 6i)i() ($ 3%)) % 3%%, ,ii+i)$)@ *+, /%+(i+&) (% ,% )% &+(i3 ($+, % N%6 i( $*) /*), /%03(3. T$ 6'(*(i%+) *3)% )(% +% 3%+' ($@ *+, A&'&)( 191 ($ $*, + +% 3*0).

M. H*%(@ *', "8@ 3i6i+' *( i+. I+6*3i,, ($ 15($ %;*+&*@ 1915@ i($ )0/ii/ /$%+i/ %+/$i(i)@ $i/$ i) '((i+' %)6 ,*. H /%) i+ (% i+ O/(% 1915. T$ i0%6+( i)i,i*(@ *+, $*) + *i+(*i+, )i+/. A( ($ 0)+( %+(@

5!




*3($%&'$ $ i) +%( /%03(3 /&,@ $ i) 6 &/$ ((. M. @ $*))&, % (+(-%& *) % %+(*3 )i+&)@ $i/$ $*,+/))i(*(, 36+ %0*(i%+) 1 I+ )0i( % *33 ($*( $*, + ,%+ ($)i+&) 0)i)(,@ *//%0*+i, i+(%3*3 0*i+). T$ 0$)i/*3 )(*(% ($ 0*(i+( *) 0i(i*3 i+ ($ ( $ $*, 6i%3+( *+, *3%)(/%+(i+&%&) 0*i+@ ( *?+)) 3*/? % *00(i(@ /%&3, +i($*3?@ *, +% )30@ (/. Hi) +6) i+ +*3 *) *, * )(*( *) i)

%,@ *+, i+ )0i( % ($ (*(+( % )&/$ + *) +$i % N*+/@Di+ % P*i)@ D&%i) % +@ = % S(*)&'@ $i) i33 $*3($ +%(%+3 /%+(i+&, &( 6+ ' %) 6 ,*. T$ 0*(i+( /%) (%

i+ S0( 1915@ %+ ($ *,6i/ % %+ % %($ 0*(i+().F% ($*( %+( $ *, *0i, 0%'))@ *+, *( ($ 0)+( (i1921 $ i) 0/(3 33. I( i) * *3 )&/(i%+. M. N*'+'*)(@*', 18@ R& S33i@ !9. S&i+' % P%((:) ,i)*). C%) (% i+($ 'i++i+' % 191"@ $*6i+' + +/*), % )i %+($) i+ * 03*)(/%)(. C%) '&3*3 (i/ * ? (% ($ :)4*+/):@ *+, *?) %$i)3 ($ &)&*3 )&'')(i%+ %+i+' *+, 6+i+'. I0%6+( )%%+)$%) i()3@ *+, i+ * )$%( (i ($ 0*(i+( i) *3 (% ,% i($%&( $i)

03*)( /*)i+'. I )* $i *'*i+ i+ A0i3 191. H *) /%03(3/&,@ *+, *) /*i+' %+ $i) ,&(i) *) 0%)(*+@ *( $*6i+' +*))i)(*+( (% *+ *&3*+/ *( N*+/@ $ $ $*, )(*, &+(i3 i( *),%+ ** i($.

M. D @ *( ;*6i33. P**3)i) % ($ 3( &00 -3i,. G%) (%($ $%)0i(*3 $ $ /i6) i+/(i%+)@ *) * )&3( % $i/$ ($

3i, i) *i),. T$ 3( *)@ $%6@ ,3/(, %&(*,) %% ($*+ "5 ,')@ *+, *+ %0*(i%+ ), (% +/))*. I( *)*( ($i) %+( ($*( $ /* (% @ *+, ($*+?) (% *&(%)&'')(i%+ ($ +( */? 3i((3 3i((3 (% i() +%*3 0%)i(i%+. M L @ % N*+/.C%+(i+&%&) 0*i+ i+ ($ i'$( )i, % ($ */@ $i/$ $*, '%+ %+ %(+ *). S$ $*) /%+)&3(, *+ ,%/(%) $%) 0)/i0(i%+) ),% +% &)@ *+, *+ %0*(i%+ i) &,', (% +/))*. T$ 0*(i+(/%) (% %+ ($ 25($ % ;&3@ 191@ *+, ($ i) *+ i,i*(

i0%6+(. I+ *%&( (+ ,*): (i ($ 0*i+ $*) +(i3 6*+i)$,@*+, &0 (% ($ 2<($ % D/ ($ $*, + +% /&+/.

5"




T M*&i/@ *', 8@ *( N*+/ /3& (. A i)( %0*(i%+/&)@ % +*3 )%@ ($ 3( %%(@ $i3 ($ i'$( %+ )(i33 *i+)/i003,. T% )&)&+( %0*(i%+) ,% +% '%%,. T$ /$i3, i) %&'$((% % ($ i)( (i i+ F&* 1915 $ *3?) 0(( 33@ ($*+?)(% (% /%+(i6*+/) $i/$ $%3, $i) ( )(*i'$(. T$ i)( 6i)i( i)%33%, *+ i,i*( i0%6+(@ *+, *( ($ )/%+, ($ /$i3,i) *3 (% *3? i+ %,i+* %%(). T$ i0%6+( /%) % *+,% *?,@ *+, ($ 17($ % A0i3 ($ /$i3, i) &i( 33. T$ i'$(%%(@ $%6@ i) +%( +% &i( )% )(%+' *) i( *)@ %i+' (% * )0*i+$i/$ $ '*6 i( i+ F&* 191.

M33 = @ *( 3*i+6i33. A )% %+ ($ 3( %%(@ 0%*3 %)0/ii/ %i'i+. A )3i'$( )0*i+ $*) %&'$( *%&( * )33i+' % ($%%(@ *//%0*+i, */&( 0*i+). Di+( (*(+() $*6 %+3 $*, *+'*(i6 /(@ *+, i+ * 3i((3 $i3 * )&00&*(i+' )% *00*) $i/$)) (% i+,i/*( /*i) % ($ %+. W*3?i+' /%) % *+, %

0*i+&3 *+, ,ii/&3( i+ )0i( % ($ (*(+(. O+ ($ *,6i/ % *

% 0*(i+( $% $*, + /&,@ )$ /%) (% @ *+, ($ i)+%(i/*3 3i *( ($ i)( 6i)i(). Li((3 3i((3 ($ )33i+' '%),%+@ ($ 0*i+ /%) 3)) i+(+)@ ($ )&00&*(i%+

3))+)@ *+, i+*33 ($ )% $*3) %6. T$ 0%/)) $*) (*?+ * %+($). A( 0)+( ($ %%( i) 0*/(i/*33 +%*3@ &( *3($%&'$ ($

0*i+ *+, )33i+' $*6 +(i3 ,i)*00*,@ ($ */? 3i%+ % ($

%%( i) +%( ( 0/(@ $i/$ *?) ($ 0*(i+( 3i0 )3i'$(3.

M R @ % C$*6i'+. M(i(i) ,*(i+' % (+ *) */?.C%) *( ($ +, % ;&3 191. I0%6+( i) i,i*(@ ($ 0*i+*+, 3%)) % 3%%, ,ii+i)$ *0i,3@ *+, ($ %33%i+' 29($ %S0( %($ $*6 ,i)*00*,. T$ %+($3 0i%,@ $i/$ 3*)(,% i'$( (% (+ ,*)@ i) +% %6 i+ %&.

M H @ R& G&i3(-,-Pi644/%&(@ *( N*+/@ *', "9.S&) % * 6*i/%) &3/ ,*(i+' % S0( 191"@ $i/$ $*)

55




+ (*(, *//%,i+' (% $ ,%/(%:) *,6i/@ &( i($%&( )&//)). T$3% 0*( % ($ 3' i) +%%&) ($ &3/@ $i/$ i) *) 3*' *) * (%-*+/ 0i/ *+, '%) i'$( ,%+ (% ($ %+@ i) )i(&*(, *%6 ($*+?3. T$ i+3**(i%+ i) 6 i+(+)@ ($ )&00&*(i%+ /%0i%&)@ *+,($ 0*i+) (3 6i%3+(. T$ 0*(i+( /%) % ($ i)( (i i+A0i3 191@ *+, ($ i0%6+( $i/$ i) 6i)i3 *( ($ i)((*(+( /%+(i+&) i($%&( i+(&0(i%+. ($ 18($ % F&*@1917@ ($ )33i+' $*) +(i3 )&)i,,@ *+, ($ 0*i+ *+, ii(*(i%+$*6 ,i)*00*,. T$ )% i) )(i33 ($@ &( i( i) +% 3*' ($*+ * 0*@*+, i( i) %+3 * i33i() i+ ,0($ i( )(i33 ,i)/$*') 6

)3i'$(3. 192< ($ /& $*) 3%+' + /%03(.

Mi3 D @ *( Mi/%&(@ 1 *) % *'. H*) )&, %*((*/?) % +6) % ($ *). T$ *((*/?)@ *( i)( i+&+(@ $*6'*,&*33 /% *( /3%) i+(6*3). W$+ )$ /%) (% ) %+ ($1)( % A0i3@ 1917@ )$ $*) $*, ($ *((*/?) i+ ($ 0/,i+' %(+i'$(.U0 (% ($ 18($ % A0i3 )$ ,i, +%( $*6 *+ *( *33. I * *,, ($*( ($i)

%&+' 3*,@ % ($ (i )$ '*+ ($ (*(+(@ *) +% 3%+'(%&3, ($ *, $*,*/$) % $i/$ )$ $*, )&, *3%)(/%+)(*+(3.

M M @ *', "!@ R& ,:A*+/@ 2@ M*346i33. C%) *( ($+, % 191 % 6i%3+( 0*i+) i+ ($ $*, % $i/$ )$ $*) )&,*33 $ 3i. A( * 6i)i() ($ 6*+i)$ /%03(3. T% %+($)

*(*,) )$ *3i, ($*( )$ *) *3)% /&, % * 0%3*0) % ($&(&) $i/$ )$ $*, +%( +(i%+, (% @ *+, % $i/$ )$ *) +%(($i+?i+' $+ )$ *, $ *&(%)&'')(i%+. T$i) )&3( i) ,& (% ($%,) :i+ 6 )0/(: /%+(*i+, i+ ($ %&3* &), %+i+' *+,6+i+'.

M D @ C$%i)-3-R%i. O+3 %+ '+*3 )&'')(i%+ %

i+ ;&3 191@ *+, *&(%)&'')(i%+ %+ $ 0*( %+i+' *+, 6+i+'. I+O/(% % ($ )* * ($i) 3*, (33) ($*( )$ i) /&, % * 0%3*0) % ($ &(&) % $i/$ )$ $*, )&, % % ($*+

5




(+( *). U0 (% A0i3 192< ($ /& i) )(i33 $%3,i+' '%%,. S**? *) i+ ($ 0/,i+' /*).

M ;%&))3i+@ *', <@ R& ,) D%i+i/*i+)@ . C%) %+($ 2<($ % ;&3@ 1917@ % * 6i%3+( 0*i+ i+ ($ i'$( 3'@ *//%0*+i,

/%+)i,*3 )33i+' % ($ $%3 3i. S$ /*+ %+3 ,*' $)3*3%+' i($ '%*+)@ &( *( ($ :)4*+/:@ (% $ '*( *)(%+i)$+(@ )$/*+ *3? +%*33 i($%&( 3i+' ($ 3*)( 0*i+. W$+ )$ /%)

*/? %& ,*) *(*,)@ )$ $*) $*, +% (&+ % ($ 0*i+ *+, ($)33i+' $*) )&)i,,. T$i) 0*(i+( (33) ($*( )i+/ )$ $*) *((+,,($ :)4*+/): )$ $*) *3)% + /&, % $i( ,i)/$*')@ *+, %+(i(i) % $i/$ )$ $*, 3%+' )&,. S* *? *) *%6. I+

N%6 ($ /& i) )(i33 $%3,i+' '%%,.

M33 G. L @ *', 15@ R& ,& M%+((@ 88. H*) )(*, %i+*+/. C%) %+ ($ 2<($ % ;&3 1917@ *+, ($ )(*i+' /*))i+)(*+(3. A %+($ *( I )* $ *'*i+ *+, )$ $*, $*, +%/&+/.

M. F E&'+@ *', <@ R& , 3* C(@ 5. F% i6 *)$*) )&, % $&*(i/ 0*i+) i+ ($ )$%&3,) *+, i+ ($ 3( 3'.W*3?) i($ ,ii/&3( 3*+i+' %+ * )(i/?@ *+, /*++%( 3i( ($ *)$i'$ ($*+ ($ )$%&3,). C%) %+ ($ 17($ % S0(@ 1917.

A( ($ i)( :)4*+/:@ ($ 0*i+) 6*+i)$ /%03(3 *+, ($ 0*(i+( /*++%( %+3 (*? 3%+' )(i,) &( 6+ &+. S(i33 %@ $ /*+ $i3 %($*) 3i? * i+,i33. I+ N%6 ($ /& i) )(i33 $%3,i+' '%%,. ML*/%&@ *', !@ C$i+ ,) S*3). P*i+) i+ ($ */ ,*(i+' %% ($*+ (+( *) */?. A33 (*(+() $*6 *i3,. A+ %0*(i%+i) *,6i),@ &( ($ 0*(i+( &)) (% &+,'% i(. S$ /%) % ($ i)((i %+ ;&3 25($@ 191@ *+, %& ,*) 3*( ($ 0*i+ /*)). T$ /&$*) $3, '%%, (% ($i) ,*.

M M*(i+@ G*+,-R& Vi33-Vii33@ 1<5. I+3**(i%+ %($ &(&) % ($i(+ *): )(*+,i+'@ *//%0*+i, 0*i+) *+, $i(

57




*+, , ,i)/$*'). T$ 0i%,@ $i/$ i) 6 0*i+&3@ /&) 6(+(-(% % (+(-($ ,*) *+, 3*)() (+ (% (36 ,*). C%)% ($ i)( (i %+ ($ 15($ % N%6@ 1917@ *+, (&+) '&3*36 ?. T$ i) 6i)i3 i0%6+( *( ($ i)( 6i)i(@ $i/$/%+(i+&) *0i,3 &+(i3 *( ($ 'i++i+' % ;*+&* 1918 ($i+3**(i%+ $*) +(i3 ,i)*00*, ($ 0i%, /%) *( %'&3* i+(6*3) *+, i($%&( ($ )3i'$()( 0*i+. A 0*i+ i+ ($ ?+$i/$ ($ 0*(i+( $*, $*, % ($i(+ *) *) *3)% /&,.

M C*)(33i@ *', "1@ 3i6i+' *( Ei+6i33 M.-(-M.. H*))&, % i+(i((+( $&*(i/ 0*i+) i+ ($ i'$( ?+ % ($i(+*). Fi6 *) *'% )$ $*, * % 6i%3+( *((*/? ($*+ &)&*3@ ($ 3')33) *) 33 *) ($ ?+@ ($+ ($ 3% 0*( % ($ 3i *(%0$i)@*+, ($ 0*(i+( i) ,&/, (% *3?i+' 6 0*i+&33 i($ ($ *i, % *)(i/? % /&(/$. S$ /%) % ($ i)( (i %+ ($ 5($ % N%6@1917. S$ '%) ** i($%&( ($ $30 % i($ /&(/$ % )(i/?. Si+/($+ )$ +% 3%+' &)) $ /&(/$ *( *33@ &( %//*)i%+*33 *?) &) %

$ )(i/?. T$ 0*i+ i+ ($ ?+ /%) */? % (i (% (i@ &( %+36 )3i'$(3.

M M,@ *', 52@ *( Ei+6i33. F% )i %+($) $*) )&,% 0*i+ i+ ($ i'$( ?+ *//%0*+i, )33i+'@ $i/$ *?) i(i0%))i3 (% +, ($ 3'. C%) % ($ i)( (i %+ D/ 7($@1917. R(&+) %+ ;*+&* "($@ 1918@ )*i+' ($*( )$ $*) *3%)( /*),

(% )& *+, ($*( )$ /*+ *3? +%*33. A( ($*( 6i)i( % ($ "($@ ($ 0*i+ /*)) +(i3@ *+, ($ 0*(i+( *3?) 3i? %($ 0%03.

EMILE COU

58




C'APT$R 6 - $ducation as it /ught to (e

IT * ) 0**,%i/*3@ &( +6($3)) ($ ,&/*(i%+ % */$i3, %&'$( (% 'i+ % i() i($.

I+ )% (&($@ i * %*+@ * ?) *( /%+/0(i%+@*?) * +(*3 0i/(& % ($ ) % ($ /$i3, )$ i) '%i+' (% i+'%($ i+(% ($ %3,@ % ($ 0$)i/*3 *+, %*3 &*3i(i) i($ $i/$ )$,)i) (% ) i( +,%,@ *+, i )$ i33 /%+(i+& ,&i+' ($ (i %')(*(i%+ (% i0)) %+ $)3 ($ )* +(*3 i*'@ ($ /$i3, i33$*6 ($ ) *+, &*3i(i) ,)i,.

S0*(*+ %+ %+3 %&'$( %($ %&)( /$i3,+@ $% '(% ,%&(*3 *i%)@ /*&) ($i )(%+')( ,)i *) (% 'i6)&/$ $%) (% ($i /%&+( $i3)(@ *( A($+)@ %($) $*, i+(33/(&*3/$i3,+ $%) +(*3 &*3i(i) * $&+,,%3, '*( ($*+ ($i

0$)i/*3 *((i&().

T$ /$i3, ($&) +'+,, i33 *0( (% *//0( *,i3 '%%,)&'')(i%+) $i/$ * *, (% $i *+, (% (*+)% ($ i+(%*&(%)&'')(i%+ $i/$ 3*( i33 i+3&+/ ($ /%&) % $i) 3i. F%%& &)( ?+% ($*( *33 %& %,)@ *33 %& */()@ * %+3 ($ )&3( %*&(%)&'')(i%+) /*&),@ % ($ %)( 0*(@ ($ )&'')(i%+ %*03 % )0/$.

H%@ ($+@ )$%&3, 0*+() *+, ($%) +(&)(, i($ ($,&/*(i%+ % /$i3,+ *6%i, 0%6%?i+' *, *&(%)&'')(i%+)@ *+,@ %+($ %($ $*+,@ i+3&+/ '%%, *&(%)&'')(i%+)

59




I+ ,*3i+' i($ /$i3,+@ *3*) 6+-(0, *+, )0*? i+

* '+(3 &( i (%+. I+ ($i) * ($ i33 /% %,i+( i($%&(6 $*6i+' ($ )3i'$()( ,)i (% )i)( *&($%i(.

A%6 *33*%6 *33@ *6%i, $*)$+)) *+, &(*3i(@ % ($($ i)? i) i+/&, % i+3&+/i+' *+ *&(%)&'')(i%+ % /&3(*//%0*+i, $*(.

M%%6@ *6%i, /*&33 i+ ($i 0)+/ )*i+' 6i3 %*+%+@ *) (%% %(+ $*00+)@ $+@ i($%&( *+ ,3i*( i+(+(i%+@($ *)+( +&) i) 0i/?, (% 0i/) i+ ($ ,*i+'-%%.

I+6i(*3 ($i) *(*3 *03 i33 %33%,@ *+, * 0%,&/ 3*( * *3 /*(*)(%0$.

A*?+ i+ ($ * ,)i (% ?+% ($ *)%+ % ($i+') *+, *3%6 % N*(&@ *+, +,*6% (% i+()( ($ 'i6i+' *33 0%))i303*+*(i%+) 6 /3*3@ i+ * /$&3@ '%%,-(0, (%+. Y%& &)(*+) ($i &)(i%+) 03*)*+(3@ i+)(*, % /$/?i+' ($ i($@:W$*( * %($ %& *> D% &i( %& i33 3*+ ($*( 3*(>:

N6 %+ *+ *//%&+( )* (% * /$i3,@ :Y%& * 3* *+, '%%, %+%($i+'@: /*&) ($*( 'i6) i($ i+ $i (% ($ 6 *&3() % $i/$%& *//&) $i.

I * /$i3, i) 3* *+, ,%) $i) (*)?) *,3@ %& )$%&3, )* (%$i %+ ,*@ 6+ i i( i) +%( (&@ :T$@ ($i) (i %& %? i) &/$

(( ($*+ i( '+*33 i). W33 ,%+.: T$ /$i3,@ 3*((, ($&+*//&)(%, /%+,*(i%+@ i33 /(*i+3 %? (( ($ +( (i@

<




*+,@ 3i((3 3i((3@ ($*+?) (% &,i/i%&) +/%&*'+(@ i33 )&//, i+ /%i+' * *3 %?.

A( *33 /%)() *6%i, )0*?i+' % i33+)) % /$i3,+@ *) i( i33/(*i+3 /*( i+ ($ *, *&(%)&'')(i%+). T*/$ ($@ %+ ($/%+(*@ ($*( $*3($ i) ($ +%*3 )(*( % *+@ *+, ($*( )i/?+)) i) *+*+%*3@ * )%( % */?)3i,i+' $i/$ * *6%i,, 3i6i+' i+ *(0*(@ '&3* *.

D% +%( /*( ,/() i+ ($ (*/$i+' ($ (% * ($i) %($*(@ /%3, % $*(@ *i+ % i+,@ (/. M*+ i) /*(, (% +,& )&/$6*i*(i%+) i($%&( i+& *+, )$%&3, ,% )% i($%&( '&3i+'.

D% +%( *? ($ /$i3, +6%&) i33i+' $i) i+, i($ )(%i)% $%'%3i+) *+, %36)@ % ($ i) *3*) ($ i)? ($*( (ii,i(/%+(*/(, i+ /$i3,$%%, i33 0)i)( 3*(.

I( i) +/))* ($*( ($%) $% ,% +%( i+' &0 ($i /$i3,+($)36) )$%&3, /$%%) /*&33 ($%) (% $% ($ * +(&)(,.T% 3%6 ($ i) +%( )&i/i+(@ ($ &)( $*6 ($ &*3i(i) %& ,)i%& /$i3,+ (% 0%)))).

A*?+ i+ ($ ($ 3%6 % %? *+, % )(&,@ *?i+' i(*)i 03*i+i+' ($i+') /*&33 *+, i+ * 03*)*+( *)$i%+@ *+, i+(%,&/i+' i+ ($ 03*+*(i%+ )% *+/,%( $i/$ i33 *? ($/$i3, *' % ($ %33%i+' 3))%+.

A%6 *33@ i0)) %+ ($ ($*( W%? i) ))+(i*3 % *+@ *+,($*( $ $% ,%) +%( %? i+ )% *)$i%+ % *+%($ i) * %($3))@&)3)) /*(&@ *+, ($*( *33 %? 0%,&/) i+ ($ *+ $% +'*') i+i( * $*3($ *+, 0%%&+, )*(i)*/(i%+ $i3)( i,3+))@ )% 3%+', %*+, ,)i, )%@ 0%,&/) *i+))@ +&*)($+i*@ ,i)'&)( % 3i@

1




*+, 3*,) ($%) $% ,% +%( 0%)))) ($ *+) % )*(i)i+' ($ 0*))i%+) /*(, i,3+)) (% ,*&/$ *+, 6+ (% /i.

T*/$ /$i3,+ (% *3*) 0%3i( *+, ?i+, (% *33@ *+, 0*(i/&3*3 (% ($%) $% ($ /$*+/ % i($ $*) 03*/, i+ * 3%/3*)) ($*+ ($i %+@ *+, *3)% (% )0/( *'@ *+, +6 (% %/? *( ($

0$)i/*3 % %*3 ,/() ($*( *' %(+ 0%,&/).

T*/$ ($ (% 3%6 *33 *+?i+,@ i($%&( ,i)(i+/(i%+ % /*)(.T$*( %+ &)( *3*) *, (% )&//% ($%) $% * i+ +, %$30@ *+, ($*( %+ &)( +6 **i, % )0+,i+' (i *+, %+% ($%) $% * i+ +, i+ )$%(@ ($*( ($ &)( ($i+? % % %($)($*+ % ($)36).

I+ )% ,%i+' *+ i++ )*(i)*/(i%+ i) 0i+/, ($*( ($ '%i)(6 )?) *+, +6 i+,).

D63%0 i+ ($ )3-/%+i,+/@ *+, (*/$ ($*(@ %*?i+' &0%+ *+ &+,(*?i+'@ i( )$%&3, )&i((, (% ($ /%+(%3% *)%+@ ($&) *6%i,i+' */(i+' i0&3)i63@ *+,@ *( $*6i+' *)%+,($ *(( %&(@ %+ )$%&3, % * ,/i)i%+ $i/$ %+ *i,)@&+3))@ i+,,@ )% )$ */( 0%6) %& * $*6 + i)(*?+.

T*/$ ($@ *%6 *33@ ($*( 6%+ &)( )( %&( i+ 3i i($ *6 ,i+i( i,* ($*( $ i33 )&//,@ *+, ($*(@ &+, ($ i+3&+/ %($i) i,*@ $ i33 i+6i(*3 )&//,. N%( i+,, ($*( $ )$%&3, &i(3*i+ 0/(i+' 6+() (% $*00+@ &( /*&)@ i033, ($i) i,*@$ i33 ,% $*( i) +/))* (% *? i( /% (&.

H i33 ?+% $% (% (*? *,6*+(*' % %00%(&+i(i)@ % 6+ 0$*0) % ($ )i+'3 %00%(&+i( $i/$ * 0)+( i()3@ i( * %+3 * )i+'3 ($*, % $*i@ $i3)( $ $% ,i)(&)() $i)3 i) *

2




C%+)(*+( G&i'+*, i($ $% +%($i+' )&//,)@ /*&) $i) %()* *33 ,i/(, (% ($*( +,.

S&/$ * %+ * i+,, )i i+ *+ %/*+ % %00%(&+i(i)@ 0%6i,, i($ $*,) % $*i 3i? A)*3% $i)3@ *+, $ i33 &+*3 (% )i * )i+'3 $*i@ *+, %(+ ,(i+) $i)3 ($ /*&))$i/$ *? $i *i3 $i3)( $@ $% $*) ($ i,* % )&//)) i+ $i)3@%(+ 'i6) i($@ i+ *+ &+/%+)/i%&) *)$i%+@ (% ($ 6 /i/&)(*+/)$i/$ 0%,&/ ($*( )* )&//)).

&(@ *%6 *33@ 3( 0*+() *+, *)() 0*/$ *03. A/$i3, i) (3 )&'')(i6@ 3( )%($i+' (&+ &0 ($*( $ i)$) (%,%@ *+, $ ,%) i(.

A) )%%+ *) /$i3,+ /*+ )0*?@ *? ($ 0*( %+i+' *+,6+i+' (+( (i) /%+)/&(i63 :D* ,*@ i+ *33 )0/()@ I'% ((@: $i/$ i33 0%,&/ i+ ($ *+ /33+( 0$)i/*3@ %*3*+, $*3($ *(%)0$.

I %& *? ($ %33%i+' )&'')(i%+ %& i33 $30 ($ /$i3,+%%&)3 (% 3ii+*( $i) *&3()@ *+, (% **?+ i+ $i ($/%)0%+,i+' ,)i*3 &*3i(i).

E6 +i'$( $+ ($ /$i3, i) *)30@ *00%*/$ &i(3@ )% *)+%( (% **?+ $i@ (% i($i+ *%&( ($ % %& ( % $i) ,.S(*+, ($@ &&i+' i+ * 3% %+%(%+%&) 6%i/ ($ ($i+' % ($i+')%& i)$ $i (% ,%.

Fi+*33@ i( i) ,)i*3 ($*( *33 (*/$) )$%&3,@ 6 %+i+'@*? )&'')(i%+) (% ($i 0&0i3)@ )%$*( i+ ($ %33%i+' *)$i%+.

!




T33i+' ($ (% )$&( ($i )@ ($ )$%&3, )* :C$i3,+@ I0/( %& *3*) (% 0%3i( *+, ?i+, (% 6%+@ %,i+( (% %&

0*+() *+, (*/$)@ $+ ($ 'i6 %& *+ %,@ % (33 %&*+($i+' %& i33 *3*) 3i)(+ (% ($ %, 'i6+ % ($ */( (%3,i($%&( ($i+?i+' i( (i)% %& &), (% ($i+? i( (i)% $+ %& i+,, % *+($i+'@ &( +% %& &+,)(*+, 6 33 ($*( i( i)% %& '%%, ($*( %& * (%3, ($i+')@ *+, /%+)&+(3@ i+)(*, %

i+' /%)) i($ ($%) $% )0*? (% %&@ %& i33 +% '*(&3 (%($.

:M%%6@ %& i33 +% 3%6 %& %?@ $*(6 i( * i+ %& 3))%+) %& i33 *3*) +% ($%) ($i+') $i/$ %& *$*6 (% 3*+@ )0/i*33 $*(6 %& * +%( (i33 +% $*6 /*, %.

:M%%6@ $+ ($ (*/$ i) 'i6i+' * 3))%+ i+ /3*))@ %&i33 +% ,6%( *33 %& *((+(i%+@ )%33 *+, +(i3@ (% $*( $ )*)@i+)(*, % *((+,i+' (% *+ )i33 ($i+') )*i, % ,%+ %&/%0*+i%+)@ *+, i($%&( ,%i+' % )*i+' *+($i+' )i33 %&)3.

:U+, ($) /%+,i(i%+) *) %& * *33 i+(33i'+(@ %@ /$i3,+@%& * *33 i+(33i'+(@ %& i33 &+,)(*+, *)i3 *+, *)i3$*( %& $*6 3*+,. I( i33 *i+ ,,, i+ %& %@*, (% *( %& )6i/@ *+, %& i33 *3 (% *? &) % i( *)

)%%+ *) %& +, i(.

:I+ ($ )* *@ $+ %& * %?i+' *( %& 3))%+) *3%+@% *( $%@ $+ %& * *//%03i)$i+' * (*)? % )(&,i+' * 3))%+@%& i33 i %& *((+(i%+ )%33 %+ ($ %? %& * ,%i+'@ *+, %&i33 *3*) %(*i+ '%%, *?) % %& 3))%+).:

T$i) i) ($ /%&+)3 $i/$@ i %33%, *i($&33 *+, (&3 %$+/%($@ i33 0%,&/ * */ +,%, i($ ($ $i'$)( 0$)i/*3 *+,%*3 &*3i(i).

"




EMILE

5




C'APT$R 6 - A Sur)ey of the 0S&ances0 at M.$%ile Cou&0s

THE (%+ ($i33) *( ($i) +*@ % % 6 *+? % )%/i( 0%03 /% (% $i@ *+, 6%+ i) 3/%, i($ ($ )*

+6%3+/@ $i/$ *3*, '%) % * '%%, ,*3. &( $*( i)(3 0%i'+*+( i) *( ($ +, % ($ )*+/ (% ) ($ 0%03 $%/* i+ '3%%@ +(@ *3%)( $%)(i3 ($ i+ 0*i+@ '% ** 3i?6%, 3) &+/%+)(*i+,@ /$&3@ )%(i) *,i*+(@ ($ *+% 3%+' i+ 0*i+>. Wi($ * )(%+' *+, )i3i+' '%%,+)) % $i/$ $$*) ($ )/(@ M. C%&4@ *) i( @ $%3,) ($ $*() % ($%) $%/%+)&3( $i i+ $i) $*+, $ *,,))) $i)3 i+ (&+ (% ($ +&%&)

0)%+) $% /% (% /%+)&3( $i@ *+, )0*?) (% ($ i+ ($) ()

W33@ M*,*@ *+, $*( i) %& (%&3 . . .

O$@ %& * 3%%?i+' % (%% *+ $) *+, $%) $*(,%) ($ /*&) % %& 0*i+ *(( (% %& Y%& * i+ 0*i+@ ($*( i)

+%&'$.... I i33 (*/$ %& (% '( i, % ($*(.. . .

X

A+, %&@ M%+)i&@ %& 6*i/%) &3/ i) *3*, ((. T$*(i) '%%,@ 6 '%%, i+,,@ ,% %& ?+%@ /%+)i,i+' %& $*6 %+3

+ $ (i/ I /%+'*(&3*( %& %+ ($ )&3( %& $*6 %(*i+,. I%& '% %+ ,%i+' %& *&(%)&'')(i%+) 0%03@ %& i33 6 )%%+ /&,. .. . Y%& $*6 $*, ($i) &3/ % (+ *)@ %& )* W$*( ,%)




($*( *(( Y%& i'$( $*6 $*, i( (+( *+, %@ *+, i( /%&3, /&, &)( ($ )*.

A+, %& )* ($*( %& $*6 +%( %(*i+, *+ i0%6+( . . .D% %& ?+% $ . . . Si03 /*&) %& 3*/? /%+i,+/ i+%&)3. W$+ I (33 %& ($*( %& * ((@ %& 3 (( *( %+/@,%+:( %& W$ /*&) %& $*6 *i($ i+ . ;&)( 3i6 i+%&)3 *+, %& i33 %(*i+ ($ )* )&3(.

O$@ M*,*@ +%( )% *+ ,(*i3)@ I ' %&> 3%%?i+' %&(% ($ ,(*i3) %& /*( ($@ *+, %& %&3, *+( * 3i)( * *, 3%+'(% /%+(*i+ *33 %& *3*,i). A) * *(( % */(@ i($ %& i( i) ($+(*3 %&(3%%? $i/$ i) %+'. W33@ *? &0 %& i+, ($*( i( i)'%i+' (% '( (( *+, i( i33 )%. I(:) *) )i03 *) ($ G%)03....

Y%& (33 %& $*6 *((*/?) % +6) 6 ?. . . . W33@% (%,* %& * '%i+' (% ,% $*( I (33 %& *+, %& i33 /*) (%$*6 ($. .. .

Y%& $*6 )&, % /%+)(i0*(i%+ % * 3%+' (i . . . W$*(,%) i( *(( $% 3%+' i( i) .. . Y%& )* i( i) %( *) Y)@ I$*, $*( %& )*i,@ &( i( i) +%+ ($ 3)) (& ($*( %& /*+ /&,(%%%%& $*@ (%%%@ %+ /%+,i(i%+@ +*(&*33@ % %& ,%i+'*/(3 $*( I (33 %& (% ,%@ i+ ($ * I (33 %& (% ,% i(. ...

A$> %& $*6 '3*&/%*@ M*,*. I /*++%( *)%3&(3 0%i)(% /& %& % ($*(@ % I * +%( )& ($*( I /*+. T$*( ,%) +%( *+($*( %& /*++%( /&,@ % I $*6 ?+%+ i( (% $*00+ i+ ($ /*) % *3*, % C$*3%+-)&-S*+ *+, *+%($ % L%*i+.

W33@ M*,%i)33@ *) %& $*6 +%( $*, %& +6%&) *((*/?))i+/ %& /* $@ $*) %& &), (% $*6 ($ 6 ,*@ %&

7




* /&,. C% */? )%(i) *33 ($ )*@ )% ($*( I * ?0 %&'%i+' *3%+' ($ i'$( 3i+).

T$ 3i+' % %00))i%+ i33 ,i)*00* i($ ($ 3)i%+)@$i/$ i33 ,i)*00* $+ %& *))ii3*( 0%03 ($*( i33 /% *33i+ '%%, (i@ &( %& &)(+:( 0&( ($ /*( % ($ $%) .. . i( i) ($)* i($ %00))i%+ *) i($ $*( (%&3@ i( '+*33 ,ii+i)$)6 &i/?3. . . .

S&'')(i%+ ,%) +%( 06+( %& % '%i+' %+ i($ %& &)&*3(*(+(. .. . A) % ($ 3i)$ %& $*6 %+ %& @ *+, $i/$ i)3))+i+' *3%)( ,*i3@ ($ %0*/i( *+, ($ )i * %($ '%i+' 3))6 ,*.

T% * /$i3, i+ * /3* *+, /%*+,i+' 6%i/ S$&( %& )@I * +%( '%i+' (% (*3? (% %& *%&( 3)i%+) % *+($i+' 3)@ %& %&3,+%( &+,)(*+, ($ 0*i+ i+ %& /$)( i) '%i+' **@ *+, %& %+:(*+( (% /%&'$ *+ %. O)6*(i%+.I( i) /&i%&) (% +%(i/ ($*( *33($%) )&i+' % /$%+i/ %+/$i(i) * i,i*(3 3i6, *+,($i %i, )0(%) *0i,3 ,i)*00*. . . . C$i3,+ * 6 *)*+, 6 %,i+( )&/() ($i %'*+i) *3%)( *3*) %)i,i*(3 (% )&'')(i%+.

T% * 0)%+ $% /%03*i+) % *(i'& W33@ )% ,% I. T$ **3)% ,*) $+ i( (i) (% /i6 0%03@ &( I /i6 ($ *33 ($)* *+, *33 ,* 3%+'. D% +%( )* :J /*++%( $30 i(.: :O+ /*+ *3*)%6/% %+)3.:

O)6*(i%+.T$ i,* % *(i'& +/))*i3 i+') *(i'&@*+, ($ i,* ($*( $*6 * ,&( (% *//%03i)$ *3*) 'i6) &) ($+/))* )(+'($ (% &3i33 i(. T$ i+, /*+ *+, &)( *i+ *)(% ($ *+i*3 )i, % %& +*(&.

8




T$ /*&) $i/$ 06+() %& % *3?i+'@ $*(6 i( i)@ i)

'%i+' (% ,i)*00* 3i((3 3i((3 6 ,* %& ?+% ($ 0%6H*6+ $30) ($%) $% $30 ($)36). S(*+, &0 (% % ($ (i)* ,* )&00%(i+' %&)3 %+ (% 0)%+)@ *+, )* (% %&)3 i3:M ?i,+) * +%( )% *? ($*( I /*++%( ,% i(@ %+ ($ /%+(* I /*+. .. .:

A( $*6i+' )*i, :E6 ,*@ i+ 6 )0/(@ I * '((i+'

(( *+, ((@: *,, :T$ 0%03 $% * 0&)&i+' /*++%( 0&)& *+ %@ ($ * +%( 0&)&i+' . . . .:

W$*( I (%3, %& i) &i( (& i( *) +%&'$ (% ($i+? ($*( %&$*, +% % 0*i+ % ($ 0*i+ (% ,i)*00* ,% +%( ($i+? ($+ ($*( i(* /% */? % i( i33 /% */?. . . .

A %*+@ )%((% 6%/@ :W$*( 0*(i+/ $ $*)> W$*( *%+,&33 0*i+)(*?i+' *+>:

ALL THAT WE THINK ECOMES TRUE FOR US. WEMUST NOT THEN ALLOW OURSELVES TO THINK WRONGLY.

THINK :MY TROULE IS GOING AWAY@: ;UST AS YOUTHINK YOU CANNOT OPEN YOUR HANDS.

T$ % %& )*:J i33 +%(@: ($ % )&3 ($ /%+(*/%) *%&(. Y%& &)( )* :I(:) '%i+' **@: *+, ($i+? i(. C3%) %&$*+, *+, ($i+? 0%03 :N% I /*++%( %0+ i(.: T> )$ /*++%(.

Y%& ) ($*( %& i33 i) +%( &/$ '%%, (% %&.

9




O)6*(i%+.T$i) i) ($ ))+(i*3 0%i+( % ($ ($%,. I+%, (% *? *&(%)&'')(i%+)@ %& &)( 3ii+*( ($ i33 /%03(3*+, %+3 *,,)) %&)3 (% ($ i*'i+*(i%+@ )% *) (% *6%i, * /%+3i/(

(+ ($ i+ $i/$ ($ i33 %&3, 6*+&i)$,.

T% /% )(%+' *) %+ /%) %3, )) 0**,%i/*3@ &( i( i) (&.

F% ,i*() C%+(i+& (% &) ($*0&(i/ (*(+() I * &i(i33i+' (% *? )&'')(i%+) (% %&@ &( I /*++%( 0%i) (% /& %&.

O)6*(i%+.I $*6 )+ ,i*() /%03(3 /&, )6*3(i)@ *+, $*( i) )(i33 % (*%,i+*@ ($ *3&+ ,ii+i)$ *+,6+ ,i)*00* % ($ &i+ % /(*i+ 0*(i+().

T$i) %)))i%+ &)( * *3 +i'$(*. T$ 0%03 %& &),(% ,()( * /%i+' %& i+,)@ %& 3i? ($ *+, ($ 3i? %&.

A$@ &( (% i33 *+, (% ,)i i) +%( ($ )* ($i+'.

T$+@ *( $*6i+' *)?, ($ (% /3%) ($i )@ M. C%&4

'i6) (% $i) 0*(i+() ($ 3i((3 )&'')(i6 ,i)/%&) $i/$ i) (% %&+,i+ :S3 M*)(.: W$+ ($i) i) %6@ $ *'*i+ *,,))) $i)3 (% */$%+ )0**(3@ )*i+' (% */$ * %,) %+ $i) /*).

T% ($ i)( :Y%&@ M%+)i&@ * i+ 0*i+@ &( I (33 %& ($*(% (%,* ($ /*&) % ($i) 0*i+@ $($ i( i) /*33, *($i(i) %*+($i+' 3)@ i) '%i+' (% ,i)*00* i($ ($ $30 % %& &+/%+)/i%&)@

*+, ($ /*&) $*6i+' ,i)*00*,@ ($ 0*i+ i33 '*,&*33 /% 3))*+, 3))@ *+, i+ * )$%( (i i( i33 +%($i+' &( * %+(.:

7<




T% ($ )/%+, 0)%+ :Y%& )(%*/$ ,%) +%( &+/(i%+ 0%03@ i( i) % % 3)) ,i3*(,. W33@ *) I (%3, %& &)( +%@ %&,i')(i6 &+/(i%+) * '%i+' (% %? (( *+, ((@ *+, I *,, ($*(($ ,i3*(i%+ % ($ )(%*/$ i) '%i+' (% ,i)*00* 3i((3 3i((3. Y%&%'*+i) i) '%i+' (% 'i6 */? 0%'))i63 (% %& )(%*/$ ($ %/*+, 3*)(i/i( i( $*, 3%)(@ *+, ,')@ *) ($i) 0$+%+%+ i)

0%,&/,@ ($ )(%*/$ i33 (&+ (% i() 0ii(i6 % *+, i33 /*%&( % *+, % *)i3 ($ +/))* %6+() (% 0*)) i+(% ($i+()(i+ ($ +%&i)$+( i( /%+(*i+). A( ($ )* (i@ ($ 0%&/$%, ($ 3*, )(%*/$ i33 ,ii+i)$ i+ )i@ ($ +&(i+( i33

+%( 3%+' )(*'+*( i+ ($i) 0%&/$@ *+, i+ /%+)&+/ ($ +(*(i%+)( &0 i33 +, (%(*33 ,i)*00*i+'.:

T% ($ ($i, :T% %&@ M*,%i)33@ I )* ($*( $*(63)i%+) %& * $*6 i+ %& 3i6@ %& %'*+i) i) ,%i+' $*( i)+/))* (% *? ($ 3)i%+) ,i)*00* 6 ,*@ *+, ,')@ *)($ $*3 %6@ ($ )0(%) % $i/$ %& )& i33 '% %+

3))+i+' *+, ,i)*00*i+'. Y%& 3i6 ($+ &+/(i%+) i+ * % *+,% +%*3 *@ ($ i3 i( )/() i) *3?*3i+ *+, +% 3%+' */i,@ i+($ i'$( &*+(i( *+, &*3i(@ )% ($*( i( 0*))) +*(&*33 i+(% ($i+()(i+) *+, $30) i+()(i+*3 ,i')(i%+.:

T% ($ %&($ :M /$i3,@ %& $* $*( I )* 6 (i %&3 %& * '%i+' (% $*6 *+ *((*/?@ %& i33 $* 6%i/ (33i+'

%& *) &i/? *) 3i'$(+i+'@ N%@ +%> i+,@ %& * +%( '%i+' (%$*6 ($*( *((*/?@ *+, i( i) '%i+' (% ,i)*00* % i( /%) :

T% ($ i($@ (/.@ (/.

W$+ 6%+ $*) + *((+,, (%@ M. C%&4 (33) ($%)

0)+( (% %0+ ($i )@ *+, *,,) :Y%& $*6 $*, ($ *,6i/ I $*6 &)( 'i6+ %&. W33@ (% (*+)% i( i+(% *3i(@ $*( %& &)( ,% i)($i) A) 3%+' *) %& 3i6@ 6 %+i+' % '((i+' &0@ *+, 66+i+' *) )%%+ *) %& * i+ ,@ %& &)( )$&( %& )@ )% *) (%

71




/%+/+(*( %& *((+(i%+@ *+, 0*( (+( (i) %33%i+'@ %6i+'%& 3i0) ($*( i) i+,i)0+)*3 *+, /%&+(i+' /$*+i/*33 %+ * )(i+'i($ (+( ?+%() i+ i( ($ %33%i+' 0$*) E6 ,*@ i+ 6)0/(@ I * '((i+' (( *+, ((.

:T$ i) +% +, (% ($i+? % *+($i+' i+ 0*(i/&3*@ *) ($%,) i+ 6 )0/( *003 (% 6($i+'. T$i) *&(%)&'')(i%+&)( *, i($ /%+i,+/@ i($ *i($@ i($ ($ /(*i+( %%(*i+i+' $*( i) ,)i,. T$ '*( ($ /%+6i/(i%+ % ($ 0)%+@ ($'*( *+, ($ % *0i, i33 ($ )&3() %(*i+,.

:F&($@ 6 (i ($*( i+ ($ /%&) % ($ ,* % +i'$( %&3 *+ 0$)i/*3 % +(*3 ,i)/%%(@ *i (% %&)3 ($*( %& i33+%( /%+)/i%&)3 /%+(i&( (% i(@ *+, ($*( %& * '%i+' (% *? i(6*+i)$ ($+ i)%3*( %&)3 *) &/$ *) 0%))i3@ *+, 0*))i+' %&$*+, %6 %& %$*, i i( i) )%($i+' +(*3@ % %+ $*(6 0*(($*( i) 0*i+&3 i i( i) )%($i+' 0$)i/*3@ 0*( 6 &i/?3@ %6i+'($ 3i0)@ ($ %,) I( i) '%i+'@ i( i) '%i+' .. . (/.@ (/.@ *) 3%+' *) i( i)+/))*. Wi($ * 3i((3 0*/(i/@ ($ +(*3 % 0$)i/*3 ,i)/%%( i33,i)*00* i+ *%&( 2< (% 25 )/%+,). 'i+ *'*i+ 6 (i i( i)+/))*.

:F% ($i)@ *) % ($ %($ *&(%)&'')(i%+)@ i( i) +/))* (% */(

i($ ($ )* /%+i,+/@ ($ )* /%+6i/(i%+@ ($ )* *i($@ *+,@*%6 *33@ i($%&( %(.:

M. C%&4 *3)% *,,) $*( %33%) :I %& %3 *33%,%&)3 (% *? *, *&(%)&'')(i%+) /*&) %& ,i, i(&+/%+)/i%&)3@ +% ($*( %& ?+% $*( I $*6 &)( (*&'$( %&@ %&&)( +% 3%+' 3( ($i) $*00+. A+, i@ i+ )0i( % *33@ %& )(i33 ,% i(@

%& &)( %+3 *//&) %&)3@ *+, )* M* /&30*@ * *i*/&30*. : A+, +%@ i * '*(&3 *,i % ($ %? *+, % ($ %&+,% ($ ($%, * *33%, (% )* * %,)@ I i33 )* M%+)i&

72




C%&4 )$%) &) 3&i+%&)3 ($*( ($ 0% (% '( $*3($ *+, $*00i+))i) i($i+ &) $*6 i+,, /i6, ($i) 'i(.

T$%@ )&00))i+' i)( % *33 6 /*&) % )&i+'/*(, % +/%&*', %&)36)@ ($+ 0&((i+' i+(% 0*/(i/ ($*6%i( *i % S%/*() :K+% ($)3@: *+, ($ *,6i/ % P%0:T$*( I * /( +%+ % ($ +i() ($*( T$ '%%,+)) )(%)&0%+ @: 3( &) (*? 0%))))i%+ % ($ +(i +i( % *&(%)&'')(i%+@3( &) /% ($i) 6 ,* ) % ($ :L%*i+ S%/i( %A003i, P)/$%3%': 3( &) *? ) % i( ($%) $% * i+%& /* i( i) * '%%, ,, (% ,% (% ($.

($i) *+) )$*33 %33% i)( % *33 ($ '*( %6+(% ($ &(& % $i/$ M. E. C%&4 i) ($ %i'i+*(% $ ,6%() (% i( $i),*)@ $i) +i'$()@ $i) %3,3 '%%,)@ *+, &)) (% *//0( &( $&)$>+% % % ($i)> 3)( $i) %,)( &)) (% *33% ($) 3i+) (%

0&3i)$, i($%&( *3(*(i%+@ &( *%6 *33 ($i) *+) )$*33?+% */(3 ($ ,*) *+, $%&) % $i) 3/(&) *( P*i)@ N*+/ *+,%($ (%+)@ $ $ ,6%(,3 '%) (% )% ($ '%%, ),@ *+, $ (%% /*+ '% (% ) $i@ *+, $* $i *+, /%+)&3( $i 0)%+*33@*+, i($ $i) $30 **? % )(i &0 i+ %&)36) ($ 0)%+*3 0% ($*(6%+ % &) $*) /i6, % /%i+' $*00 *+, 33.

M* I *33%, (% *,, ($*( $+ M. C%&4 $*) /$*', *++(*+/ % $i) 3/(&)@ ($ $*6 %&'$( i+ ($%&)*+,) % *+/)% ($ ,i)*3, *+, %($) $% $*6 )&, ($%&'$ ($ *.

E. 6) . . . OER N%(.E+(*+/ i) (% ($ ) % ($L%*i+ S%/i( % A003i, P)/$%3%'.

7!




C'APT$R 6 - #etters fro% Patients Treated bythe Cou& Method

E=TRACTS FROM LETTERS ADDRESSED TO M. COU

THE i+*3 )&3() % ($ E+'3i)$ S/%+,* C(ii/*( $*6%+3 + 0%)(, &0 ($) (% $%&)@ *+, I $*)(+ (% (33 %& *%&( i(@*( 3*)( i+ )% * *) i( /%+/+) )3. I 0*)), ($ 6i6* 6%/ i($3i+' /%3%)@ *+, )/*/3 3( * (*/ % ($ +6%&)+)) $i/$ &),(% /*&) )&/$ *+ i+(%3*3 )+)*(i%+ % +*&)* % ($ ()().D&i+' ($ 3*(( I *) *)(%+i)$, *( %+ /*3@ $i/$ '*6 ($%)$% 3i)(+, (% ($ i0))i%+ % 0/( )3-0%))))i%+ %+

0*(. I+ )$%(@ i( *) &)( ($ ()() I ,*,, %)( $i/$ /%+(i&(,%)( (% )&//)). T$ & 03*/, )/%+,@ *+, I * i+i+i(3'*(&3 (% %& % $30@ $i/$ &+,%&(,3 '*6 *+ *,6*+(*'%6 ($ %($ /*+,i,*()@. . . (/. T$ /*) i) ($*( % * %&+' 3*,@$%@ %+ *//%&+( % /))i6 +6%&)+))@ $*, *i3, i+ 1915. T$+6%&)+)) $*6i+' 6*+i)$, &+, ($ i+3&+/ % *&(%)&'')(i%+@)$ 0*)), )&//))&33@ i+' 03*/, )/%+, %&( % % ($*+ 2<</%0(i(%).

MLLE V S/$%%3i)())@ A&'&)(@ 191

I( i) i($ '*( 03*)& ($*( I i( (% ($*+? %& %)( )i+/3% ($ '*( +i( I $*6 /i6, % %& ($%,. % I +((% %& I $*, ($ '*()( ,ii/&3( i+ *3?i+' 1<< *,) i($%&( i+'

%&( % *($@ $*) +% I /*+ '% i3) i($%&( *(i'&. S6*3(i) * ,* *+, &i( *)i3@ I * *3 (% *3? i+ %( i+&() %($ R& ,& %,-,-1:E*& (% ($ R& ,) G3*/i)@ ($*( i) (% )*@ %&

7"




?i3%(). T$ *)($* % $i/$ I )&, $*) *3%)( +(i3,i)*00*,.

Y%&) %)( '*(&33@

PAUL CHENOT

R& , S(*)%&'@ 1"1@ N*+/@ A&'&)(@ 1917

I ,% +%( ?+% $% (% ($*+? %&. T$*+?) (% %& I /*+ )* ($*( I* *3%)( +(i3 /&,@ *+, I *) %+3 *i(i+' (% )% i+ %, (%0)) '*(i(&,. I *) )&i+' % (% 6*i/%) &3/)@ %+ %+*/$ %%(. T$*( %+ ($ i'$( %%(@ $i/$ *) *) i' *) $*+,@ i)+(i3 /&,. I( ), (% ,i)*00* *'i/. F% ?) I $*, +/%+i+, (% ,@ &( *3%)( i,i*(3 *( I /i6, %& 3((

($ &3/ $*3, %6 )% ($*( I /%&3, '( &0. T$*( %+ ($ 3( %%( i) +%(( *)%3&(3 $*3,@ &( i33 )%%+ )%. Ni'$( *+, %+i+' I ,%@ *+,*3*) )$*33@ /i( ($ 0)/i, %&3*@ i+ $i/$ I $*6 +(i/%+i,+/. I * )* *3)% ($*( 3') *) $*, *) * )(%+ *+, I/%&3, +%( * ($ )3i'$()( (%&/$. N% I /*+ 0)) ($ i($%&( ($3*)( 0*i+@ *+, I /*+ *3? %+/ %@ $i/$ i) ($ '*()( %.

MME LIGNY

M*i33%+/%&(-C$*(( H*&( S*+@ M*@ 1918

N..I( i) %($ % *? ($*( ($i) 3*, +6 )* M. C%&4@*+, ($*( i( i) %+3 ($*+?) (% * 3(( $ %( $ %+ A0i3 15($ ($*( )$

%(*i+, ($ )&3( *++%&+/, i+ $ 3(( % M* !,.

75




X I * i(i+' (% 0)) '*(i(&,@ % ($*+?) (% %& I $*6)/*0, ($ i)? % *+ %0*(i%+ $i/$ i) *3*) * 6 ,*+'%&) %+.I /*+ )* % %& $*6 )*6, 3i@ % %& ($%, %*&(%)&'')(i%+ $*) ,%+ *3%+ $*( *33 ($ ,i/i+) *+, (*(+()%,, % ($ (i3 i+()(i+*3 %)(&/(i%+ % $i/$ I )&, %+i+(+ ,*) $*, *i3, (% ,%. F% ($ %+( $+ I %33%,%& i+)(&/(i%+) *+, *003i, %& /33+( 0i+/i03)@ &+/(i%+)$*6 *//%03i)$, ($)36) &i( +*(&*33.

MME S

P%+( M%&))%+@ F&*@ 192<

X I ,% +%( ?+% $% (% ($*+? %& % $*00i+)) i+ i+'/&,. F% % ($*+ i(+ *) I $*, )&, % *((*/?) %*)($*@ $i/$ /*&), ($ %)( 0*i+&3 )&%/*(i%+) 6 +i'$(.T$*+?) (% %& )03+,i, ($%,@ *+, *%6 *33@ )i+/ I *) 0)+( *(%+ % %& )4*+/)@ ($ *((*/?) $*6 ,i)*00*, *) i *'i/. I( i) **3 i*/3@ % ($ 6*i%&) ,%/(%) $% *((+,, *33 ,/3*, ($*(($ *) +% /& % *)($*.

MME V

S*i+(-Di,@ F&*@ 192<

I * i(i+' (% ($*+? %& i($ *33 $*( % $*6i+' %&'$((% ?+%3,' * + ($*0&(i/ ($%,@ * *63%&) i+)(&+($i/$ )) (% */( 3i? ($ *'i/ *+, % * *i@ )i+/@ ($*+?) (% ($)i03)( *+)@ i( i+') *%&( ($ %)( (*%,i+* )&3(). F%($ i)( I *) (3 i+()(, i+ %& 0i+()@ *+, *( %+ 0)%+*3 )&//)) i($ %& ($%,@ I '*+ *,+(3 (% *003 i(@*) I $*6 /% *+ +($&)i*)(i/ )&00%( % i(.

7




DOCTEUR VACHET

Vi+/()@ M*@ 192<

F% i'$( *) I $*6 )&, % 0%3*0) % ($ &(&). I$*6 &), %& ($%, % *&(%)&'')(i%+ % ($ 3*)( i6 %+($)@ *+,* +% /%03(3 /&,@ % $i/$ I ,% +%( ?+% $% (% ($*+? %&

+%&'$.

MME SOULIER

P3*/ ,& M*/$Z@ T%&3@ M*@ 192<

I $*6 )&, (i3 % 36+ *) i($%&( )0i(. E6+i'$( I $*, *((*/?) % *)($*@ *+, )&, *3)% % i+)%+i* *+,'+*3 *?+)) $i/$ 06+(, *+ %//&0*(i%+. M+(*33@ I *),0)),@ )(3))@ %i,@ *+, *) i+/3i+, (% *? %&+(*i+) %&(% %3$i33). I $*, %33%, *+ (*(+() i($%&( )&//))@ $*6i+'6+ &+,'%+ i+ Si(3*+, ($ %6*3 % ($ (&i+*( %+ %($ +%) i($%&( %(*i+i+' *+ 3i. I+ N%6 1918 I /*

%) i+ /%+)&+/ % * '*( )%%. W$i3 $&)*+, *) *(C%& $ *) *+ %i/ %+ * *)$i0 I 3%)( %& %+3 )%+ i+ )i ,*)% i+3&+*. H *) * ,3i'$(&3 /$i3, % (+@ $% *) ($ % %%& 3i *3%+ *+, %6$3, i($ )%%@ I 0%*/$, )3

i((3 % +%( $*6i+' + *3 (% 0%(/( *+, )*6 %& (*)&. I*+(, (% 3%) *)%+ % (% ,i.... W$+ $&)*+, (&+,$i/$ *) +%( &+(i3 F&*@ $ (%%? (% * + ,%/(%@ $%%,, 6*i%&) ,i) *+, ($ *() % M%+(-D%. I )0+( ($

%+($ % A&'&)( i+ ($*( )(*(i%+@ &( %+ (&+ I $*, * /&+/ %($ *)($*@ *+, I *3i, i($ ,)0*i ($*( :i+ 6 )0/(: I *)'((i+' %) *+, %). I( *) ($+ ($*( I $*, ($ 03*)& % (i+'

77




%&. Wi($%&( 0/(i+' &/$ '%%, % i(@ I &)( )*@ I +( (% %&O/(% 3/(&)@ *+, I * $*00 (% (33 %& ($*( ($ +, %

N%6 I *) /&,. I+)%+i*@ 3i+') % %00))i%+@'3%% ($%&'$()@ ,i)*00*, *) ($%&'$ *'i/@ *+, I * +% 33*+, )(%+' *+, &33 % /%&*'. Wi($ 0$)i/*3 $*3($ I $*6 /%6, +(*3 &i3ii&@ *+, &( % ($ i+*/*3 %&+, /*&), /$i3,:) 3%))@ I /%&3, )* ($*( I * 0/(3 $*00. W$ ,i, I +%(( %& % M /$i3, %&3, $*6 ?+%+ * /$&3 *+,/%&*'%&) %($. T$*+? %& *'*i+ *+, *'*i+@ M. C%&4.

Y%&) %)( '*(&33@

E. ITIER R& , Li33@ P*i)@ A0i3@ 192<

I /*+ +% (*? &0 *'*i+ ($ )(&''3 I $*6 )&)(*i+, % ($i(*)@ *+, $i/$ $*, $*&)(, .

I %&+, i+ %& 3*)( A&'&)( * %+,&3 *+, 0%6i,+(i*3 $30.C%i+' $% (% L%*i+ % * ,*)@ i33@ *+, i($ $*( &33 %)%%@ I ,*,, ($ )$%/? $i/$ I )$%&3, 3 *( ($ )i'$( % ($ &i+)*+, ,i)()) . . . *+, +( ** /%%(, *+, i+ '%%, $*3($. I *) *(($ +, % (($@ *+, &+%(&+*(3 I * +%( 3i'i%&). I 3%+', (%i+, )%%+ $% /%&3, $30 @ *+, (i+' %& /$*+/ *( /%&)i+:) $%&) %& '*6 ($ 6 $30 I )%&'$(. I /*+ +% %? i+* + )0ii(@ I )&'')( (% &+/%+)/i%&) (% -)(*3i)$ 0$)i/*3&i3ii&@ *+, I ,% +%( ,%&( ($*( I )$*33 '*i+ % '%%,$*3($. A 6 +%(i/*3 i0%6+( $*) *3*, )$%+ i()3@ *+,%& i33 (( &+,)(*+, '*(i(&, $+ I (33 %& ($*(@ )&i+'% ,i*() i($ * +*3 /%03i/*(i%+@ I $*6 $*, )6*3 *((*/?) %'3*&/%*@ &( ) * +% /%6i+' ($i )&003+)). Si+/($+ )i'$( $*) /% *3%)( +%*3@ *+, '+*3 $*3($ $*)&/$ i0%6,.

78




MLLE TH

P%))% *( ($ Y%&+' L*,i): C%33' *( C$ ;*+&*@ 192<

I *, ($)i) i($ )&//))@ *+, *) **,, ($ $i'$)(*? *+, ($ /%+'*(&3*(i%+) % ($ &. O *33 ($) :$%+%): * 3*')$* 3%+') (% %&@ *+, I ,% +%( %'( i(. I %+3 '((, ($*( %&

+%( 0)+( (% $* %& +* , (% i($ * *+,)0*($(i/ i+()( ($ ,i)(i+'&i)$, &. Y%& /*+ /%+)i, ($*(($ ,%%) % ($ U+i6)i( $*6 + 3&+' i, %0+

(% %& (*/$i+'. D% +%( ($*+? % i(@ % I % %& * %($*+ %& /*+ % .

CH. AUDOUIN

P%))% *( ($ I+)(i(&( ;.-;. R%&))*&@ G+6*

.. . I *,i %& /%&*'%&)+))@ *+, * &i( )& ($*( i( i33

$30 (% (&+ *+ i+,) i+(% * &)&3 *+, i+(33i'+( ,i/(i%+. I/%+)) ($*( I $*6 0)%+*33 +i(, %& (*/$i+'@ *+, $*6*, 0*(i+() ,% )% (%%.

A( ($ N&)i+' H% ( (% *003 %& ($%, /%33/(i63@*+, $*6 *3*, %(*i+, 6i)i3 )&3() i+ ($i) *.

DOCTEUR ERILLON

79




P*i)@ M*/$@ 192<

.. . I $*6 /i6, %& ?i+, 3(( *) 33 *) %& 6i+()(i+' 3/(&.

I * '3*, (% ) ($*( %& *? * *(i%+*3 /%++/(i%+ (+$(% *+, *&(%)&'')(i%+@ *+, I +%( 0*(i/&3*3 ($ 0*))*' i+ $i/$%& )* ($*( ($ i33 &)( +%( i+(6+ i+ *&(%)&'')(i%+. T$*( i)$*( * '*( +& % 0%))%) % *&(%)&'')(i%+@ &+%(&+*(3i+/3&,i+' * 3*' +& % ,i/*3 +@ ,% +%( *3i *( *33. I *3)%($i+? ($*( *+ *)%3&( ,i)(i+/(i%+ )$%&3, )(*3i)$, (+*&(%)&'')(i%+ *+, ($ (*i+i+' % ($ i33.

DOCTEUR VAN VELSEN

&))3)@ M*/$@ 192<

X W$*( &)( %& ($i+? % T$*( I $*6 %'%((+ %& O$@+%@ I *))& %& ($*( I ($i+? % %& i($ ($ %)( '*(&3 */(i%+@*+, I i)$ (% 0*( ($*( %& (*/$i+') * % *+, % i/*/i%&)I +6 )0+, * ,* i($%&( &)i+' *&(%)&'')(i%+ i($ i+/*),)&//))@ *+, I 3)) %& 6 ,*@ % %& ($%, i) ($ (& %+.T$*+?) (% i(@ I * *))ii3*(i+' %& /33+( ,i/(i%+)@ *+, * *3(% /%+(%3 )3 (( 6 ,*@ *+, I 3 ($*( I * )(%+'. .. . I* )& ($*( %& %&3, i+, i( ,ii/&3( (% /%'+i i+ ($i) %*+@ )%*/(i6 i+ )0i( % $ )i(-)i *)@ ($ 0%% /*(& $% *) )%%(+ *i3i+'@ *+, $% %+3 '*+ (% 33@ ($*+?) (% %& *+, %&'&i,*+/. M* %& 3)), % ($i)@ % ($ )()( ($i+' i+ ($%3, i) (% ,% '%%, (% ($%) *%&+, &). Y%& ,% &/$@ *+, I ,% * 3i((3@% $i/$ I ($*+? G%,.

MM M

8<




C))%+-S*i+(-i&/

A) I * 3i+' (( *+, (( )i+/ I '*+ (% %33% %&($%, % *&(%)&'')(i%+@ I )$%&3, 3i? (% % %& )i+/($*+?). T$ 3)i%+ i+ ($ 3&+') $*) ,i)*00*,@ $*( i) ((. I$*6 +% % *3&+@ i+ )$%( I * &i( 33.

MME LEMAITRE Ri/$%+(@ ;&+@ 192<

Y%& %%?3( *+, 3/(& i+()(, &) 6 &/$. I( %&3, ,)i*3 % ($ '%%, % $&*+i( ($*( ($ )$%&3, 0&3i)$, i+)6*3 3*+'&*')@ )% ($*( ($ i'$( 0+(*( (% 6 */ *+,/%&+(@ *+, ($&) */$ * '*( +& % &+%(&+*( 0%03 $%)& % ($ %+' &) % ($*( *33-0%&3 *+, *3%)( ,i6i+

*/&3(@ ($ %)( i0%(*+( (% *+@ *) %& *i *+, 0%6 )%3&i+%&)3 *+, &,i/i%&)3@ $i/$ /*33 ($ I*'i+*(i%+. I $*,*3*, *, *+ %%?) %+ ($ i33@ *+, $*, &i( *+ *)+*3 %%&3*@ ($%&'$()@ *0$%i))@ (/. Y%& 0$*)) * /%+/3&)i6. I ,%+%( ($i+? ($*( 6 % $*6 :/%0)), (*3() % )3-/%+i,+/:@

*) I /*33 %& $*3i+' 0$*))+ /%+,+), i+(% (0i/*3%&3* i+ )&/$ *+ i+(33i'+( *++.

DON ENRI#UE C

M*,i,

Y%& 0*0$3( %+ :($ )3-/%+(%3: /%+(*i+) 6 )(%+'

*'&+() *+, 6 )(i?i+' *03). I ($i+? ($*( ($ )&)(i(&(i%+ %i*'i+*(i%+ % ($ 0% % ($ i33 i) * '*( 0%')). I( i) i3,*+, % 0)&*)i6.

81




A. F. Rii%+(

.. . I * $*00 (% *3 (% (33 %& ($*( )(%*/$ i) '%i+'%+ 33. M (i(i) i) *3)% &/$ ((. M 3i((3 % $*, * '3*+, i+$i) ($i'$ *) i' *) *+ '' $i/$ i) '*,&*33 ,i)*00*i+'.

E. L-------S*i+( C3,+( M-(-M.

A( I $*, &+,'%+ ($ %0*(i%+) i+ 3( 3' %+*//%&+( % * 3%/*3 (&/&3%)i)@ ($*( 3' /* i33 *'*i+ i+ S0(192<. S6*3 ,%/(%) ,/3*, ($*( * + %0*(i%+ *) +/))*.T$ *%&( (% %0+ 3' % ($ ?+ (% ($ *+?3@ *+, i ($%0*(i%+ $*, *i3,@ ($ %&3, $*6 $*, (% 0% *+ *0&(*(i%+.

A) I $*, $*, % %& %+,%&) /&) I /* *+, )* %& %($ i)( (i %+ ($ ($ % N%6@ 192<. A( ($ )*+/@ I 3(i,i*(3 * 3i((3 ((. I */(3 %33%, %& i+)(&/(i%+) *+,+( ($ (i) (% %&. A( ($ ($i, (i I /%&3, (33 %& ($*( I *)/%03(3 /&,.

MME L

H+ [L%*i+

.. . I i33 +%( *i( *+ 3%+' (% ($*+? %& $*(i3 % *33 ($'%%, I % %&. A&(%)&'')(i%+ $*) 0%)i(i63 (*+)%, *+, I

* +% '((i+' &/$ (( ($*+ I $*6 + ($) *+ *). T$)0(%) % i33+)) $*6 ,i)*00*, 3i((3 3i((3@ ($ %i,)0(%) $*6 /% * *+, *@ *+, *33 ($ &+/(i%+) % ($

%, +% %? +%*33. T$ )&3( i) ($*(@ *( $*6i+' /%

82




($i++ *+, ($i++ ,&i+' )6*3 *)@ I $*6 '*i+, )6*3 ?i3%)i+ * %+($).

I /*++%( ,% %($i) ($*+ 3)) ($ C%&4 ))(.

L

C*++) A. M.

Si+/ 1917 3i((3 'i3 $*) + )&i+' % 0i30(i//i)). S6*3 ,%/(%) $*, (%3, ($*( *%&( ($ *' % %&(+ %i(+ ($ %&3, ,i)*00* % /% %). H*6i+' $*, % %&@ I)+( $ (% %& % ($ +, % D/ (i33 M*. N% $ /& i)/%03(@ % ,&i+' )i %+($) )$ $*) $*, +% 3*0).

PERRIN CHARLES

E))-3) N*+/

F% i'$( *) I $*, )&, % * )i+?i+' % ($ &(&).

A( $*6i+' 0*/(i/, %& *&(%)&'')(i%+ % i6 %+($). I $*6 + *,i/*33 /&,. I ,%+:( ?+% $% (% 0)) ,0 '*(i(&,.

MME SOULIE

@ P3*/ ,& M*/$Z@ T%&3

8!




. . H*6i+' )&, % * '3*&/%* )i+/ 1917@ I $*6/%+)&3(, (% %/&3i)()@ $% (%3, ($*( %+3 *+ %0*(i%+ %&3, 0&(*+ +, (% )&i+')@ &( &+%(&+*(3 +i($ % ($ %&3,*))& % * '%%, )&3(.

I+ ($ %+($ % ;&+ 192<@ *( $*6i+' *((+,, %+ % %&)*+/)@ I 3( &/$ ((. I+ S0( I /*), (% &) ($ ,%0) %

0i3%/*0i+ $i/$ ($ ,*i3 *, % @ *+, )i+/ ($+ I$*6 3( +% % 0*i+. M 0&0i3 i) +% % ,i3*(,@ ) *+%*3 i( i) * *3 i*/3.

MME M

S%&3%))

A ,,i/*(i%+ (% M. C%&4 ($ *&($% % * ,i/*3 (*(i)

T% M. C%&4@ $% ?+ $% (% ,i))/( ($ $&*+ )%&3 *+, (%(*/( % i( * 0)/$%3%'i/ ($%, %&+,, %+ /%+)/i%&)*&(%)&'')(i%+.

T$ *)( i) +(i(3, (% ($ ($*+?) % *33 $ $*) /363)&//,, i+ ,i)/i03i+i+' ($ 6*'*+( I*'i+*(i%+ *+, i+ *))%/i*(i+'i( &)&33 i($ ($ i33.

T$&) $ $*) 'i6+ *+ ($ *+) % i+/*)i+' (+%3, $i)%*3 %/ 'i6i+' $i /%+i,+/ i+ $i)3.

DOCTEUR P. R.

8"




F*+/%(

.. . I( i) ,ii/&3( (% )0*? % ($ 0%%&+, i+3&+/ /i),%+ %& )% ?i+,3 *33%i+' (% 6i )% %(+ %& %?.Si+' i( ,* ,*@ *) I $*6 ,%+@ i( $*) i0)), % *+,%@ *+, *) %& %&)3 )*i,@ ($ )) +% 3ii( (% ($ 0%))ii3i(i)*+, &(& )/%0 % ($ 0i+/i03) %& +&+/i*(@ +%( %+3 i+ ($

0$)i/*3 3i % /$i3,+ &( *3)% i+ 0%))ii3i(i) % /$*+'i+' ($ i,*)+% 06*3+( i+ 0&+i)$+( % /i@ i+ '%6++( i+ */(@ i+ *33($ 3*(i%+) % 3i. . . .

MISS ;OSEPHINE M. RICHARDSON

. . . W$+ I /* I 0/(, * '*( ,*3@ &( $*( I $*6 )+@($*+?) (% %& '*( ?i+,+))@ /,) '*(3 0/(*(i%+.

MONTAGU S. MONIER-WILLIAMS@ M.D.

L%+,%+

FRAGMENTS FROM LETTERS ADDRESSED TO MME

EMILE LEON@ DISCIPLE OF M. COU

F% )% (i I $*6 + *+(i+' (% i( *+, ($*+? %&%)( )i+/3 % $*6i+' *, ?+%+ (% ($i) ($%, %*&(%)&'')(i%+. T$*+?) (% %& '%%, *,6i/ ($ *((*/?) % +6) (%$i/$ I *) )&/( $*6 +(i3 ,i)*00*,@ *+, I * /(*i+ ($*( I* &i( /&,. F&($@ I 3 )3 )&%&+,, * )&0i% %/

$i/$ i) *+ &+*3(i+' '&i,@ *+, $%) *i, I )&%&+( i($ *)($ ,ii/&3(i) % 3i.

85




MME F

R& , %&'*i+6i33@ "@ P*i)

A*, *( ($ )&3() %(*i+, ($ *&(%)&'')(i%+ $i/$%& *, ?+%+ (% @ I ($*+? %& i($ *33 $*(.

F% * * I $*6 + +(i3 /&, % *(i/&3* $&*(i) %

($ i'$( )$%&3, % $i/$ I $*, )&, % i'$( *)@ *+, %/$%+i/ %+/$i(i) $i/$ I $*, $*, )(i33 3%+'. T$ +&%&) ,%/(%) I$*, /%+)&3(, ,/3*, i+/&*3@ &( ($*+?) (% %& *+, (% %&(*(+(@ I $*6 %&+, i($ 0/( $*3($ ($ /%+6i/(i%+ ($*( I

0%)))) ($ 0% (% ?0 i(.

MME L. T

R& ,& L*%)@ "@ P*i)

I *+( (% (33 %& $*( /33+( )&3() M. C%&4:) %+,&3($%, $*) 0%,&/, i+ /*)@ *+, (% 0)) ,0 '*(i(&, %%& 6*3&*3 $30. I $*6 *3*) + *+i/@ *+, $*6 $*, 0%%

$*3($@ &( *( $&)*+,:) ,*($ I /* &/$ %). I )&,i($ ?i,+)@ I /%&3, +%( )(*+, &0i'$( I *3)% )&, %+6%&)+)) *+, *6)i%+). A33 ($*( $*) '%+ *+, I * * ,i+(

0)%+. I +% 3%+' )&@ I $*6 % +,&*+/ *+, I * %/$&3. M i+,) $*,3 /%'+i @ *+, I 3 * + %*+ Ii+(+, (% )0*, ($ +) % ($i) %+,&3 ($%,@ )% /3*@ )%)i03@ )% +i/+(@ *+, (% /%+(i+& (% '( % i( ($ )( )&3() %)3 *) 33.

M. L. D P*i)@ ;&+@ 192<

8




I /*++%( i+, %,) (% ($*+? %& % (*/$i+' %& '%%,

($%,. W$*( $*00i+)) %& $*6 %&'$( (% > I ($*+? G%,@ $%3, (% *? %& */&*i+(*+/@ % %& $*6 +(i3 (*+)%, 3i. F%3 I )&, (i3 *( */$ %+($3 0i%, *+, *)%3i', (% 3i i+ ,. N% *33 i) &i( '&3* *+, 0*i+3)). I( i) ($)* i($ ,i')(i%+@ *+, I * +% 3%+' %3i', (% 3i6 %+ i3? *)I &),@ *+, I $*6 +% % 0*i+@ $i/$ i) * %. M $&)*+, i)*)(%+i)$, (% i+, ($*( $+ I (*63 I $*6 +% % $*,*/$)@$*) % I *) *3*) (*?i+' (*3(). N%@ ($*+?) (% %&@ I +,

+% ,i) *( *33@ &( I ,% +%( %'( (% 0*( (+( (i) %+i+'*+, 6+i+' ($ 0$*) %& (*&'$( :E6 ,*@ i+ 6 )0/(@ I* '((i+' (( *+, ((.:

P*()@ O/(%@ 192<

I+ -*,i+' ($ ($%, I i+, i( % *+, % )&0i% (% *33($ ,63%0+() i+)0i, i(. I( )&0*))) *33 ($*( $*) + i+6+(,% )%-/*33, )/i+(ii/ ))()@ ($)36) *), %+ ($ &+/(*i+)&3() % *+ &+/(*i+ )/i+/@ $i/$ 3) i() * *+, ,/i6) i()3@*+, % $i/$ ($ *+) % %)6*(i%+ * *3)% *i3 0/*i%&) i+)0i( % $*( ($ 3*+, )* M. C%&4@ %+ ($ %($ $*+,@ )&i/) %6($i+'@ '%) )(*i'$( (% ($ *i@ *((*i+) i( i($ /(*i+(@ *+, i+i+' $i) 0*(i+( /*i) '+%)i( *+, ?+%3,' (% i() $i'$)(

0%i+(@ )i+/ $ 3*6) (% ($ 0*(i+( $i)3 ($ i( % ($i) ,%*+, ($ &) % * *63%&) 0%. N%@ *33@ ($ i) +%($i+' (% *3(i+ ($i) ($%,. I( i) *) %& )% )(i?i+'3 )* * G%)03. T% 0%(*i($&33 $i) */() *+, %,) *+, )0*, $i) ($%,@ ($*( i) $*( &)(

,%+@ *+, $*( I )$*33 ,% )3 *) * *) i) i+ *+ * 0%))i3.

0. /. I * **, *( ($ )&3() ($*( I $*6 %(*i+, *+,

/%+(i+& (% %(*i+ ,*i3 ($ &) % ($ /33+( ($%, %& $*6(*&'$( % /%+)/i%&) *&(%)&'')(i%+. I *) i33 +(*33 *+,

0$)i/*33. N% I * 33 *+, * *3)% +*3 *3*) /$&3. T$*( i)

87




(% )*@ ($*( ,0))i%+ $*) 'i6+ * (% /$&3+))@ *+, /(*i+3I ,% +%( /%03*i+ % ($ /$*+'@ % i( i) 6 0*3@ I *))& %&.H% (/$, I &), (% > I /%&3, ,i')( +%($i+' +% I ,i')(

0/(3 33 *+, ($ i+()(i+) */( +*(&*33. I *3)% &), (% )30 )% *,3@ $*) +% ($ +i'$() * +%( 3%+' +%&'$ I /%&3, +%( %?@ &( +% I * *3 (% %? $*,. O *33 *i3+() +%($i+' i) 3( &(*+ %//*)i%+*3 (%&/$ % $&*(i)@ $i/$ I 3 )& i33 ,i)*00*3i? ($ )( /%+(i+&i+' %& '%%, ($%,. I /*++%( i+, %,) (%0)) ,0 '*(i(&, (% %&.

MME FRIRY

%&36*, M*3)$)@ P*i)

E=TRACTS FROM LETTERS ADDRESSED TO MLLEKAUFFMANT@ DISCIPLE OF M. COU

A) I $*6 + 3i+' (( *+, (( )i+/ %33%i+' ($($%, % *&(%)&'')(i%+ $i/$ %& (*&'$( @ I 3 I % %& ($)i+/)( ($*+?). I * +% &*3ii, (% )0*? % ($ '*( *+,&+,+i*3 *,6*+(*') % ($i) ($%,@ *) (% i( *3%+ I % /%6. I $*, * 3)i%+ i+ ($ 3&+') $i/$ /*&), (% )0i( 3%%,. I)&, % 3*/? % *00(i(@ ,*i3 6%i(i+'@ 3%)) % 3)$@ *+,%)(i+*( /%+)(i0*(i%+. T$ )0i((i+' % 3%%, 3))+, *( %+/ *+, )%%++(i3 ,i)*00*,. T$ 6%i(i+' /*),@ ($ /%+)(i0*(i%+ +% 3%+'i)()@ I $*6 '%( */? *00(i(@ *+, i+ (% %+($) I $*6 '*i+,+*3 * )(%+ i+ i'$(. I+ ($ */ % )&/$ )&3() %)6,@ +%( %+3

0*+() *+, i+,)@ &( *3)% ($ ,%/(% $% $*) + *((+,i+' % )6*3 %+($)@ i( i) i0%))i3 (% ,+ ($ '%%, /( %*&(%)&'')(i%+ *+, +%( (% ,/3* %0+3 ($*( i( i) (% %& ($%, ($*(

I % (&+ (% 3i. I *&($%i %& (% 0&3i)$ +* i i( i)3i?3 (% % )6i/ (% %($)@ *+, I ' %& (% 3i6 @

88




Y%&) %)( '*(&33@

;EANNE GILLI

15@ A6. %i'3i%+@ Ni/@ M*/$@ 1918

I /%+)i, i( * ,&( (% (33 %& $% '*(&3 I * (% %& %*/&*i+(i+' i($ ($ +i() % *&(%)&'')(i%+. T$*+?) (% %&@ I

+% 3%+' )& % ($%) *'%+ii+' *+, &+( $*( )(%00*')@*+, I $*6 '*i+, *00(i( $i/$ I $*, 3%)( % %+($). S(i33%@ *) * $%)0i(*3 +&)@ I &)( ($*+? %& % $*( % ($*3%)( i*/&3%&) /%6 % %+ % 0*(i+()@ )i%&)3 i33 i($(&/&3%)i)@ $i/$ /*&), $i (% 6%i( 3%%, /%+)(*+(3 *+,/%0i%&)3. Hi) *i3 *+, )3 6 *+i%&) $+ $*6+ )+(%& (% $i. A( %& i)( 6i)i( ($ )0i((i+' % 3%%, /*),@ $i)*00(i( (&+,@ *+, *( * % 6i)i() *, %& (% $i) )i/?

,@ *33 ($ %'*+) 3i((3 3i((3 )&, ($i +%*3 &+/(i%+). A(3*)( %+ ,* $*, ($ 03*)*+( )&0i) *+, % % )i+' $i *i6*( %& 0i6*( )*+/@ $@ % ($%) 0)+(@ $ $i)3 *,($ ,/3**(i%+ % $i) /&@ ,& (% %& ?i+, i+(6+(i%+.

T$*+? %& i($ *33 $*(.

Y%&) '*(&33 *+, )0*($(i/*33@

A. KETTNER 2@ A6. %i'3i%+@ Ni/@ M*/$@ 1918

. . . F% ,* (% ,* I $*6 0&( % i(i+' (% %& (% ($*+? %&

% ($ /& % 3i((3 S36*i+. I *) i+ ,)0*i@ ($ ,%/(%) (33i+' ($*( ($ *) +%($i+' % (% ,%+ &( (% ( ($ )*+*(%i& %A/*/$%+ % ;&i/%%(@ +* D&+?i?. I *) '%i+' (% ,% )% $+ M

89




C%33*, *,6i), (% '% *+, ) %&. I $)i(*(,@ *) I 3( )?0(i/*3*%&( i( &( I +% $*6 ($ 0%% % %& )?i33@ % S36*i+ $*)/%03(3 /%6,. Hi) *00(i( i) '%%,@ $i) 0i03) *+, $i) '3*+,)* /%03(3 /&,@ *+, $*( i) )(i33 % (*%,i+*@ )i+/ ($i)( (i ($*( +( (% ) %& $ $*) +%( /%&'$, *+ %@ +%(6+ %+/ ($ )&3( i)@ ($*( )i+/ ($ %+($ % ;&+ $ $*) '*i+, 3). I /*+ +6 ($*+? %& +%&'$ *+, I 0%/3*i (% 6%+ ($

+i() $*6 /i6,.

MME POIRSON

Li6,&+@ A&'&)(@ 192<

H% /*+ I 0%6 (% %& ,0 '*(i(&, Y%& $*6 )*6, 3i. I $*, * ,i)03*/, $*(@ $i/$ /*&), (i3 *((*/?) %)&%/*(i%+@ $i/$ +( %+ /%+(i+&*33 i+ */(@ ($ )% 6i%3+(($*( I $*, +% )( ,* % +i'$(@ i+ )0i( % ,*i3 i+/(i%+) % %0$i*. I/%&3, *( +%($i+' i($%&( i+)(*+( 6%i(i+'. I $*, 6i%3+( 0*i+) i+ ($$*, $i/$ /* *33 )%33+@ *+, *) * )&3( I 3%)( )i'$(. I *) i+* 3*+(*3 )(*( *+, $%3 %'*+i) )&, % i(. I $*,*)/))) %+ ($ 3i6. T$ ,%/(% ,)0*i, % *( $*6i+' (i,6($i+' 3%%,-3((i+'@ /&00i+' *+, )/*ii+'@ 0%&3(i/)@ i/@ *+,6 0%))i3 ,@ i($%&( *+ i0%6+(. I $*, /%&) (%

%& ?i+,+)) %+ ($ ,%/(%:) *,6i/.

A( %& i)( 6i)i() ($ *((*/?) /* 3)) 6i%3+( *+, 3))&+(@ *+, )%%+ ,i)*00*, /%03(3. T$ *, *+, (%&3,+i'$() /* /*3@ &+(i3 I *) *3 (% )30 ($ $%3 +i'$(($%&'$ i($%&( *?i+'. T$ 0*i+) I $*, i+ ($ 3i6 /*),/%03(3. I /%&3, 'i+ (% (*? %%, *'*i+@ ,i')(i+' i( 0/(3

33@ *+, I *'*i+ 0i+/, ($ 3i+' % $&+' $i/$ I $*, +%(?+%+ % %+($). M $*,*/$) /*),@ *+, )@ $i/$ $*,(%&3, )% &/$@ * &i( /&,@ )i+/ I * +% *3 (% %//&0)3 i($ * 3i((3 *+&*3 %?.

9<




A( */$ 6i)i( ($*( %& 0*i, I 3( ($*( %'*+)

(&+i+' ($i +*(&*3 &+/(i%+). I *) +%( ($ %+3 %+ (% %)6 i(@% ($ ,%/(% $% /* (% ) 6 ? %&+, &/$ ((@*+, i+*33 ($ /* /%6@ )i+/ I /%&3, '( &0 *( $*6i+' +i+ , 36+ %+($). I '%( &0 i($%&( *+ ,i)/%%(@ +%( 6+ ($3*)( 'i,,i+))@ *+, i+ * %(+i'$( I /%&3, '% %&(. I( i) i+,, ($*+?) (%%& ($*( I * /&,@ % ($ ,%/(% )*) ($*( % *33 ($*( ($ ,i/i+),i, % @ I i'$( &)( *) 33 $*6 (*?+ +%+.

A( $*6i+' + 'i6+ &0 (% ,%/(%)@ $% $3, %&( +%$%0 % /&@ $ I * /&, *33 ($ )*@ *+, i( i) i+,, * /%03(/&@ % +% I /*+ *( *(@ *+, I *( * 0%&+, % *, 6 ,*.H% /*+ I ($*+? %& % I 0*(@ i( i) ($*+?) (% ($ )&'')(i%+ %&(*&'$( ($*( I % 3i.

;EANNE GROS;EAN

N*+/@ N%6@ 192<

. . . P)%+*33 ($ )/i+/ % *&(%)&'')(i%+% I /%+)i, i(*) +(i3 * )/i+/$*) +,, '*( )6i/) &( (&($

/%03) (% ,/3* ($*( i I /%+(i+& (% i+()( )3 0*(i/&3*3i+ i(@ i( i) /*&) I i+, i+ i( ($ *+) % /i)i+' (& /$*i(.

I+ 1915@ $+ I *) 0)+( % ($ i)( (i *( M. C%&4:)3/(&)@ I /%+)) ($*( I *) +(i3 )?0(i/*3 % */() * $&+,,(i) 0*(, i+ 0)+/@ I *) %3i', (% )&+, (% 6i,+/@*+, /%'+i ($*( *&(%)&'')(i%+ *3*) */(,@ ($%&'$ +*(&*33 i+

,i+( ,')@ %+ %'*+i/ ,i)*)). T$ %+3 /*)) *+, ($%) 6 * i+ $i/$ I $*6 )+ i( *i3 * +6%&) /*))@ +&*)($+i*% i*'i+* i33+)).

91




T$ i) +% +, (% (33 %& *'*i+ ($*( M. C%&4@ 3i? %&)3@

&( 6+ % )(%+'3@ i+)i)() %+ ($i) 0%i+( :($*( $ +6 0%) *i*/3 % /&) *+%,@ &( ($*( $ )$%) 0%03 $% (% /&($)36).: I /%+)) ($*( %+ ($i) 0%i+( I )(i33 *i+ * (i3i+/,&3%&)@ % i M. C%&4 ,%) +%( */(&*33 /& 0%03@ $ i) *

0%&3 *i, (% ($i /%6@ i+ :'i6i+' $*(: (% ($ )i/?@ i+ (*/$i+'($ +6 (% ,)0*i@ i+ &03i(i+' ($@ i+ 3*,i+' ($

. .. $i'$ ($*+ ($)36) i+(% %*3 )0$) ($*( ($ *%i(% $&*+i(@ 03&+', i+ *(i*3i)@ $*) +6 */$,.

T$ % I )(&, *&(%)&'')(i%+ ($ (( I &+,)(*+, ($,i6i+ 3* % /%+i,+/ *+, 3%6 ($*( C$i)( 0*/$, &) :T$%& )$*3(3%6 ($ +i'$%@: *+, 'i6i+' * 3i((3 % %+:) $*( *+, % %+:)%*3 %/ (% $30 $i (% i) i $ $*) *33+ *+, (% /& $i)3 i $

i) i33. H *3)%@ % C$i)(i*+ 0%i+( % 6i@ i) ($ *003i/*(i%+ %*&(%)&'')(i%+ $i/$ I /%+)i, *) * +i/i*3 *+, /%%(i+' )/i+/$i/$ $30) &) (% &+,)(*+, ($*(@ *) ($ /$i3,+ % G%,@ *33 $*6i($i+ &) %/) $%) i)(+/ ,i, +%( )&)0/(@ $i/$@ 0%03,i/(,@ )6 (% 36*( &) %*33 *+, (% $*3 &) 0$)i/*33.

T$%) $% ,% +%( ?+% %& )/i+/@ % $% %+3 ?+% i(

i0/(3@ )$%&3, +%( &,' i( i($%&( $*6i+' )+ ($ )&3() i( 'i6)*+, ($ '%%, i( ,%).

3i6 (% %& *i($&3 *,i@

M. L. D N*+/@ N%6@ 192<

92




C'APT$R 6 - The Miracle Within

R0i+(, % ($ :R+*i))*+/ 0%3i(i&@ 3i((4*i (*(i)(i&@: % D/ 18@ 192<

HOMAGE TO EMILE COU

IN ($ /%&) % ($ %+($ % S0( 192< I %0+, % ($i)( (i ($ %%? % C$*3) *&,%&i+@ % G+6*@ P%))% *( ($I+)(i(&( ;. ;. R%&))*& i+ ($*( (%+.

T$i) %?@ 0&3i)$, ($ i % D3*/$*& *+, Ni)(34@ 2@R& S*i+(-D%i+i&@ P*i)@ i) /*33,@ S&'')(i%+ ( A&(% )&'')(i%+.T$ *&($% $*) ,,i/*(, i( :T% Ei3 C%&4@ ($ i+i(i*(% *+,

+*/(%@ i($ ,0 '*(i(&,:.

I *, i( *+, ,i, +%( 0&( ,%+ ($ %%? &+(i3 I $*, */$, ($+,.

T$ */( i) ($*( i( /%+(*i+) ($ 6 )i03 0%)i(i%+ % **'+ii/+(3 $&*+i(*i*+ %?@ %&+,, %+ * ($% $i/$ **00* /$i3,i)$@ &)( /*&) i( i) i($i+ ($ )/%0 % 6%+. A+, i6%+ 0&() i+(% 0*/(i/@ ($ '*()( '%%, i33 0%/, % i(.

A( % ($*+ (+( *) % i+,*(i'*3 %?@ Ei3C%&4@ $% *( ($ 0)+( (i 3i6) *( N*+/@ $ $ 3*(3 %33%,($ %? *+, 0i+() % Li4*&3(@ ($ *($ % ($ ,%/(i+ %

9!




)&'')(i%+)@ % % ($*+ (+( *)@ I )*@ C%&4 $*) +%//&0i, /3&)i63 i($ ($i) &)(i%+@ &( 0*(i/&3*3 i+ %, (%

i+' $i) 33% /*(&) (% /&3(i6*( *&(%)&'')(i%+.

A( ($ 'i++i+' % ($ /+(& C%&4 $*, *((*i+, ($ %/( %$i) )*/$)@ *+, $*, ,i)+'*', ($ '+*3 *+, i+) %/ %*&(%)&'')(i%+. A( i++&*3 0i+() %+ ($%&)*+,) %)&/()@ $ )$%, ($ */(i%+ % ($ &+/%+)/i%&) i+ %'*+i/ /*)).T$i) i) +@ *+, ($ '*( i( % ($i) 0%%&+,3 %,)(@ 3*+,*+ i) (% $*6 %&+, * , % (i3 i33)@ 0&(, i+/&*3 %(i3 0*i+&3@ i($%&( *+ $%0 % 3i.

A) I /*++%( +( $ i+(% 3%+' )/i+(ii/ ,(*i3)@ I i33 /%+(+()3 )*i+' $% ($ 3*+, *+ % N*+/ 0*/(i/) $i) ($%,.T$ /$i)3, 0i(% % * $%3 3i % 0*(i+( )*/$) *+, %/*)3)) %)6*(i%+) i) * i %&3* $i/$ i) (% 0*(,%+i+' *+, 6+i+'.

I( &)( )*i, i+ * 3% 6%i/@ i($ ($ ) /3%),@ i+ * 0%)i(i%+ *6%*3 (% ($ 3*i+' % ($ &)/&3* ))( i( * i+ ,@ % i( * i+ *+ *) /$*i@ *+, i+ * (%+ % 6%i/ *) i %+ /i(i+' * 3i(*+.

H * ($ *'i/ %,) :E6 ,*@ i+ 6 )0/(@ I *'((i+' (( *+, ((.:

T$ &)( )*i, (+( (i) %33%i+'@ i($ ($ $30 % *)(i+' i($ (+( ?+%() i+ i(@ $i/$ )6) *) * %)*. T$i) *(i*3,(*i3 $*) i() i0%(*+/ i( +)&) /$*+i/*3 /i(*(i%+@ $i/$ i)))+(i*3.

9"




W$i3 *(i/&3*(i+' ($) %,)@ $i/$ * 'i)(, ($&+/%+)/i%&)@ %+ &)( +%( ($i+? % *+($i+' 0*(i/&3*@ +i($ % %+:)i33+)) +% % %+:) (%&3)@ %+ &)( 0*))i6@ &)( i($ ($ ,)i($*( *33 * % ($ )(. T$ %&3* :i+ 6 )0/(: $*) *'+*3 /(.

T$i) ,)i &)( 0)), i($%&( 0*))i%+@ i($%&( i33@i($ '+(3+))@ &( i($ *)%3&( /%+i,+/.

F% Ei3 C%&4@ *( ($ %+( % *&(%)&'')(i%+@ ,%) +%( /*33i+ ($ i33 i+ *+ *@ %+ ($ /%+(* ($ &)( +% &)(i%+ %($ i33 *( ($*( %+(@ &( ($ i*'i+*(i%+@ ($ '*( %(i6 %/i+i+i(3 % */(i6 ($*+ ($*( $i/$ i) &)&*33 i+6%?,@ ($i*'i+*(i%+ *3%+ &)( %&'$( i+(% 03*.

:H*6 /%+i,+/ i+ %&)3@: )*) ($i) '%%, /%&+)3%@:3i6 i3 ($*( *33 i33 33.: A+, i+,, *33 i) 33 % ($%)$% $*6 *i($@ %(ii, 0)6*+/.

A) ,,) (*3? 3%&, ($*+ %,)@ I i33 (33 %& $*( $*00+,(% )3 % I $*, 6 )+ M. C%&4. I &)( '% */? ($+ (% ($%+($ % S0(@ $+ I %0+,

M. C$*3) *&,%&i+:) 6%3&. A( ($ +, % * )&)(*+(i*30%)i(i%+@ ($ *&($% +&*() ($ /& % i33+))) )&/$ *)+(i(i)@ /*@ )(*i+'@ ,&+))@ * )i+&) ,*(i+' % (+(*) */? $i/$ +/))i(*(, 36+ %0*(i%+)@ (i(i)@ )*30i+'i(i)@i%&) (&%)@ 6*i/%) 6i+)@ (/.@ 3*)(3@ *+, *%6 *33@ ,0(&/&3* )%)@ *+, ($ 3*)( )(*') % 0$($i)i) /*) % M D @ %T%)@ *', !< *)@ $% $*) /% * %($ )i+/ $ /& /*)*) %33%, &0@ &( ($ *) +% 3*0). A33 ($i) i) %(+ ()(ii, (%

,%/(%) i+ *((+,*+/ %+ ($ 0*(i+(). T$) *03) i0)), 0%%&+,3 ($ *) ($ i*/3. I( *) +%( * &)(i%+ % +6)@

95




&( % i33) $i/$ ,i/i+ *((*/?) i($%&( )&//)). T$i) /& %(&/&3%)i) *) * 63*(i%+ (% .

H*6i+' )&, % (% *) % */&( +&i(i) i+ ($ */@ I*) i+ $%i3 0*i+. F%& ,%/(%)@ (% % ($ )0/i*3i)()@ $*,

0%+%&+/, ($ )+(+/ $i/$ %&3, +%&'$@ % i()3 *3%+@ (%i+/*) ($ (%&3 i() *(*3 i+3&+/ %+ ($ i+, :N%($i+' (% ,%+>: T$i) :+%($i+' (% ,%+: $*, + % ($ %)( %*&(%)&'')(i%+).

I+ 0%))))i%+ % ($ %&3* :E6 ,*@ i+ 6 )0/(@: (/.@I /i(, i( i($ * *i($ $i/$@ *3($%&'$ i( $*, /% )&,,+3@ *)+%+ ($ 3)) /*0*3 % %6i+' %&+(*i+)@ *+, ($%i+' ,%+)$*3) *+, )/*6)@ *$*,,@ I +( i+(% ($ '*,+ i+ ($ *i+ *+,i+, 0*(i+' '+(3 :I * '%i+' (% /&,@ I )$*33 $*6 +% %+&i(i)@ i( i) '%i+' **@ i( i33 +%( /% */?@ (/.... T$ +( ,* I*) /&,@ *+, +6 *+ % )i+/ $*6 I )&, % ($i)*%i+*3 /%03*i+(@ $i/$ ,i, +%( *33% (% (*? * )(0 %&( %,%%) *+, *, 3i &+**3. I( *) *+ i+) %. T$i+/,&3%&) i33 )* :I( *) *33 +6%&):. O6i%&)3@ *+, I 'i6 ($($i) i)( 0%i+(. &(@ ,3i'$(, i($ ($ )&3(@ I (i, ($ C%&4 M($%,% *+ ,* % ($ 3( *+?3@ )&3(i+' % *+ */(i%+ % ($?i,+) 0&(, i+/&*3. I+ (% ,*) ($ ,* $*, ,i)*00*,. I($+ (*(, *(i'& *+, +(*3 ,0))i%+@ (/.@ *+, (*%,i+*

i0%6+( *) 0%,&/,@ *+, I $*, &( %+ i,* (% '% (% N*+/ (%($*+? +*/(%.

I +( ($ *+, %&+, ($ /33+( *+@ *((*/(i6 $i)'%%,+)) *+, )i03i/i(@ $% $*) /% i+,.

I( *) i+,i)0+)*3 (% ) $i i+ $i) i3, % */(i%+. H i+6i(, (% * 0%0&3* :)4*+/:. I $*, * /%+/( % '*(i(&,. L)i%+) i+ ($3&+')@ ,i)03*/, %'*+)@ *)($*@ P%((:) ,i)*) >@ 0**3)i)@ ($ $%3,*,3 $%, % ,i)*)) i+' 0&( (% 3i'$(. I )* * 0**3(i/@

9




$% )*( /%+(%(, *+, (i)(, i+ $i) /$*i@ '( &0 *+, *3?. M. C%&4$*, )0%?+@ $ ,*+,, /%+i,+/@ '*(@ i+) /%+i,+/ i+%+)3. H )*i, :L*+ (% /& %&)36)@ %& /*+ ,% )% I $*6 +6/&, *+%+. T$ 0% i) i($i+ %& %&)36) /*33 &0%+ %&)0ii(@ *? i( */( % %& 0$)i/*3 *+, +(*3 '%%,@ *+, i( i33 /%@i( i33 /& %&@ %& i33 )(%+' *+, $*00.: H*6i+' )0%?+@ C%&4*00%*/$, ($ 0**3(i/ :Y%& $*, $*( I )*i,@ ,% %& 3i6 ($*(%& i33 *3? : :Y).: :V 33 ($+@ '( &0>: T$ %*+ '%( &0@ )$*3?,@ *+, +( %&+, ($ '*,+. T$ i*/3 *) *//%03i)$,.

A %&+' 'i3 i($ P%((:) ,i)*)@ $%) 6(*3 /%3&+ /* )(*i'$( *'*i+ *( ($ 6i)i() (%3, $*( *+ i+(+)$*00i+)) i( *) (% 3 $)3 /%i+' */? (% 3i *( $*6i+'($%&'$( $)3 * $%03)) /*).

T$ %+@ /&, % 3)i%+) i+ ($ 3&+')@ 0)), ($i,3i'$( *( '%i+' */? (% %? *+, (% * +%*3 3i. C%&4@ i+ ($ i,)(% ($%) 0%03 $% $ 3%6)@ ), (% * i+' *0*(@ % ($i)*+ i'+%) %+@ *33 $i) %? i) '*(&i(%&)@ *+, $i) (*%,i+*,i)i+()(,+)) %i,) i) (*?i+' * *($i+' % i(. :I % %&)%($i+'@: I )*i, (% $i :I )i03 % %& 6($i+'.. . .: :N%@ %+3($ 03*)& I )$*33 $*6 % %& /%+(i+&i+' (% ?0 33.:

A+ i)i)(i3 )0*($ *((*/() %+ (% ($i) )i03-i+,, 0$i3*+($%0i)( * i+ * *3?, %&+, ($ ?i(/$+ '*,+ $i/$$ /&3(i6*() $i)3@ '((i+' &0 *3 (% ,% )%. P*/(i/*33 *6'(*i*+@ $ /%+)i,) i($ )*(i)*/(i%+ ($ )&3() % $i) %?. A+,($+ ($ )i%&) /%+6)*(i%+ '%) %+ :I+ %& i+, %& 0%)))) *+&+3ii(, 0%. I( */() %+ *(( i ?+% $% (% ,%)(i/*( i(.T$ i*'i+*(i%+ i) 3i? * $%) i($%&( * i,3 i )&/$ * $%) i)

0&33i+' ($ /*i*' i+ $i/$ %& *@ $ * ,% *33 )%() % %%3i)$

($i+') *+, (*? %& (% %& ,*($. &( $*+)) $i 0%03@ ,i6 $ii($ * )& $*+,@ *+, $ i33 '% $6 %& 3i?. T$&) i( i) i($ ($i+,@ ($ i*'i+*(i%+. T$ &)( ,i/(, % %& %+ '%%,.

97




A&(%)&'')(i%+@ %&3*(, i($ ($ 3i0)@ i) *+ %, $i/$ ($&+/%+)/i%&) /i6)@ i( /*i) i( %&( &+?+%+ (% %&)36) *+, *%6*33 *( +i'$(@ )% ($*( ($ 6+i+' *&(%)&'')(i%+ i) ($ %)( i0%(*+(. I('i6) *63%&) )&3().

W$+ %& 3 * 0$)i/*3 0*i+@ *,, ($ %&3*@ :I( i) '%i+'** ... : 6 &i/?3 0*(,@ i+ * ?i+, % ,%+i+' 6%i/@ 03*/i+'%& $*+, %+ ($ 0*( $ %& 3 ($ 0*i+@ % %+ ($ %$*,@ i i(i) * +(*3 ,i)()).

F% ($ ($%, */() 6 i/*/i%&)3 %+ ($ i+,. A($*6i+' /*33, i+ ($ $30 % ($ )%&3 % ($ %,@ %+ /*+ *)? i( *'*i+% *33 ($ /i/&)(*+/) *+, ,ii/&3(i) % 3i.

T$ *3)% I ?+% % 0i+/ ($*( 6+() /*+ )i+'&3*3 %,ii, ($i) 0%/)). Y%& ?+% i( (%,*@ *+, %& i33?+% i( (( )(i33 *,i+'

M. *&,%&i+:) %%?@ *+, ($+ $i) 0*0$3( C&3(& , 3*F%/ M%*3@ *+, ($+@ 3*)(3@ ($ 3i((3 )&//i+/( (*(i) i((+ M.C%&4 $i)3 S3 M*)(. A33 ($) %?) * %&+, *( M.C%&4:). I@ $%6@ I $*6 + *3 (% i+)0i i+ %& ($ ,)i %*?i+' ($i) /33+( 0i3'i*' %&)3@ %& i33 '% (% N*+/ (%(/$ ($ %%?3(. Li? )3@ %& i33 3%6 ($i) &+i& *+@ &+i&

*)%+ % $i) +%3 /$*i( *+, % $i) 3%6 % $i) 33%)@ *) C$i)((*&'$( i(.

Li? )3 *3)%@ %& i33 /&, 0$)i/*33 *+, +(*33.Li i33 ) (% %& (( *+, % *&(i&3. T$*( )&3 i) %($($ (%&3 % (i+' %.

M. URNAT-PROVINS

98




C'APT$R 6 - So%e 3otes on the 9ourney ofM. Cou& to Paris in

O/(% 1919

THE ,)i ($*( ($ (*/$i+') % M. C%&4 i+ P*i) 3*)( O/(%)$%&3, +%( 3%)( (% %($)@ $*) &', (% i( ($ ,%+. P&((i+'*)i, ($i) (i ($ +&%&) 0%03@ 0$)i/*33 % +(*33 i33@ $%$*6 )+ ($i (%&3) 3))+ *+, ,i)*00* *) ($ )&3( % $i)

+i/+( (*(+(@ 3( &) 'i+ &%(i+' &)( * % $i)(*/$i+').

#&)(i%+.W$ i) i( ($*( I ,% +%( %(*i+ (( )&3()*3($%&'$ I &) %& ($%, *+, 0*

A+)./*&)@ 0%*3@ *( ($ */? % %& i+, ($ i)*+ &+/%+)/i%&) ,%&(@ % /*&) %& *? %(). N%@ ($*( %() * ,(i+, ($ i33 i %& i+' ($ i33 i+(% 03*@

%& &+ * )i%&) i)? % i+'i+' ($ i*'i+*(i%+ i+(% 03* (%%@ &( i+($ /%+(* ,i/(i%+@ $i/$ i+') *%&( &)( ($ 6) % $*( %&,)i.

#&)(i%+.W$*( * (% ,% $+ )%($i+' (%&3) &)

A+).W$+ )%($i+' $*00+) ($*( (%&3) %&@ 0*(*( %+/@ :N%@ ($*( ,%) +%( (%&3 *( *33@ +%( i+ ($ 3*)(@ ($ */( i)*($ *'*3 ($*+ %($i):. I+ )$%(@ ($ i,* i) (% %? %&)36)&0 i+ * '%%, )+) i+)(*, % i+ * *,.

99




#&)(i%+.A ($ 03ii+* 0i+() i+,i)0+)*3

($ * &+*//0(*3 (% ($ 0i, % ($ )&/(

A+).N%@ ($ * +%( i+,i)0+)*3@ &( ($ * % '*(&(i3i( % *3($%&'$ ($ * ) /$i3,i)$ (% /(*i+ 0%03@ ($ *%+ ($ /%+(* (3 )i%&) ($ ,% i+,, 0%6 ($ ($i+')

1. T$*( 6 i,* ($*( $*6 i+ %& i+,) /%)(& % &)@ *+, $*) * (+,+/ (% (*+)% i()3 i+(% */(i%+.

2. T$*( $+ ($ i) * /%+3i/( (+ ($ i*'i+*(i%+*+, ($ i33@ i( i) *3*) ($ i*'i+*(i%+ $i/$ i+) *+, i+($i) /*) ,% */(3 ($ /%+(* % $*( i)$ (% ,%.

!. T$*( i( i) *) % &) (% 0&( i+(% %& i+,)@ i($%&(*+ %(@ ($ i,* ($*( i)$ (% $*6@ )i+/ $*6 +*3 i($%&( %( (% ($i+? i+ )&//))i%+ :I /*++%(:@ *+, ($+ :I/*+:.

T$ 03ii+* 0i+() )$%&3, +%( 0*(, *( $%

*3%+@ %+ i) %(+ &+*3 (% 0&( %+)3 i+ ($ i'$( 0$)i/*3 *+,+(*3 /%+,i(i%+)@ ($ i) * i)? % *i3&@ *+, i+ ($i) /*) %+:) )3-/%+i,+/ i) )$*?+.

#&)(i%+.W$+ %+ i) i+ 0*i+@ %+ /*++%( $30 ($i+?i+' %%+:) (%&3. A+).D% +%( **i, (% ($i+? % i( %+ ($/%+(*@ ,% ($i+? % i(@ &( )* (% i(@ :I * +%( **i, % %&:.

1<<




I %& '% *+$ *+, * ,%' &)$) *( %& *?i+'@ 3%%? i(i3 i+ ($ ) *+, i( i33 +%( i( %& &( i %& * i(@ i %& (&+

*/?@ $ i33 )%%+ $*6 $i) (($ i+ %& 3').

#&)(i%+.A+, i %+ ,%) * (*(

A+).G% */?*,).

#&)(i%+.H% /*+ *3i $*( ,)i

A+). %(+ 0*(i+' $*( %& ,)i :I * '*i+i+'*))&*+/:@ *+, %& i33 ,% )% :M % i) i0%6i+':@ *+, i( *33,%) )% :I * /%i+' *)%3&(3 *)( % )3:@ *+, %& i+, ($*(%& * /%i+' )%.

I %& )* ($ /%+(*@ i( i) ($ /%+(* $i/$ i33 /%*%&(.

W$*( %& )* 0)i)(+(3 *+, 6 &i/?3 /%) (% 0*))i($i+ ($ ,%*i+ % ($ *)%+*3@ % /%&). S% ()(i%+i)A %&+' 3*, (% *+%($ 3*, :H% )i03 i( i)> T$ i) +%($i+' (%

*,, (% i( $ )) i+)0i,. D% %& +%( ($i+? ($*( ($ * i+')$% *,i*( i+3&+/ : A+ i++( P*i)i*+ ,%/(% (% +&%&),%/(%) )&%&+,i+' $i :I $*6 +(i3 /% %6 (% ($ i,*) % M.C%&.: A P%3(/$+i/i*+@ * )6 /i(i/@ ($&) ,i+) M. C%&4 :H i) *P%.:

Y)@ $ i) * P% % G%%,+)). Wi($%&( / % ($ *,

*&(%)&'')(i%+) % ($ :,*(i)(: (0@ &( i+,*(i'*3 0*i+)(*?i+'@*/(i6 *+, )i3i+'@ (% $30 6%+ (% ,63%0 ($i 0)%+*3i(@ *+,

1<1




(% (*/$ ($ (% /& ($)36)@ $i/$ i) ($ /$**/(i)(i/ % $i) +i/+( ($%,.

H% /%&3, %+ *i3 (% ,)i % ($ ,0($) % %+:) $*( ($*(*33 i'$( &+,)(*+, *+, )i ($ :'%%, +): ($*( M. C%&4 i+') :I( i) ($ **?+i+'@ 0%))i3 % 6%+@ % ($ 0)%+*3 0%$i/$ $ $*) /i6, % i+' $*00 *+, 33.:

I( i)@ i %+ /%+)+()@ ($ &33 ,63%0+( % ($i) 0% $i/$/*+ (*+)% %+:) 3i.

T$+@ *+, i) i( +%( &i( i'$(3 )% i( i) ($ )(i/( ,&( *+, *(($ )* (i ($ $*00i+)) % ($%) $% $*6 + i+i(i*(, (%)0*, 6 0%))i3 *+) ($ ?+%3,' % ($i) %+,&3($%,@ ($ $*00 )&3() % $i/$ $*6 + /%'+i, *+, 6ii,

($%&)*+,) % 0)%+)@ (% *? i( ?+%+ (% ($%) $% )&@ $%* )*,@ % $% * %6&,+,(% *33> *+, (% $30 ($ (% 0&( i(i+(% 0*/(i/.

T$+@ ($i+?i+' % F*+/@ (i&0$*+( &( &i),@ % $,+,)@ 6i/(%i%&) &( &(i3*(,@ % *33 ($ 0$)i/*3 *+, %*3)&i+' +(*i3, ($ *@ * ($%) $% $*6 ($ 0% ($'*()( 0% 6 'i6+ (% *+ i) ($ 0% % ,%i+' '%%,S%/*() ) ($*( ($ i+$*&)(i3 )6%i % 0$)i/*3 *+, %*3%/) ($*( ($ :M($%,: 0&() i($i+ %& */$ * )%%+ /% ($

0*(i%+ % *33 ($ +*(i%+ *+, ($%&'$ i( % $&*+i(

MME EMILE LEON

C%33*%*(%@ i+ P*i)@ % M. E+(i3 C%&4

1<2




C'APT$R : - 0$)erything for $)eryone ;0

MME EMILE LEON@ Di)/i03 % M. COU

WHEN %+ $*) + *3 (% (*? *,6*+(*' % * '*( +i(@$+ ($i) +i( i) i($i+ */$ % 6%+@ *3($%&'$ *3%)(6%+ i) i'+%*+( % i(@ i) i( +%( *+ &'+( *+, *)%3&( ,&( %($%) $% * i+i(i*(, (% *? i( ?+%+ (% ($%) *%&+, ($ F%*33 /*+ *? ($i %+ ($ **i+' )&3() % ($ :Ei3 C%&4M($%,:.

T% ,i6 ** 0*i+ i) &/$@ &( $% &/$ % i) i( (% 3*,i+(% ($ 0%))))i%+ % * + 3i *33 ($%) $% )&

L*)( A0i3 $*, ($ 6i)i( % M. Ei3 C%&4 (% P*i)@ *+, $* )% % $i) (*/$i+')

#&)(i%+.#&)(i%+ % * ($i)( I ($i+? i( i) &+%($ % ($

E(+*3 (% *? %& %,i+/ (% Hi) i33 ,0+, %+ $*( M. C%&4/*33) * (i/? % /$*+i/*3 0%/)) /%+)/i%&) *&(%)&'')(i%+.

M. C%&4.W$($ i)$ i( % +%(@ %& i*'i+*(i%+ *3*)%6&3) %& i33@ $+ ($ * i+ /%+3i/(. W /*+ 3*, i( i+(% ($i'$( 0*($ i+,i/*(, %& *)%+ /%+)/i%&)3 03%i+' ($/$*+i/*3 0%/)) ($*( 03% &+/%+)/i%&)3 %(+ (% 3*, i+(%($ %+'. A+, ($ ($%&'$(&3 &)(i%+ )*) (% $)3 :Y)@ i( i)(&@ i+ ($i) 36*(, )0$ % ($%&'$(@ /%+)/i%&) *&(%)&'')(i%+ $*)($ 0% (% &) % %)(*/3) /*(, %&)36)@ $i/$ i'$(

1<!




*) i( 0&( * 6i3 (+ &) *+, G%,@ &)( *) * 0i/ % )(&@$*+'i+' i+ * i+,% /*+ 06+( ($ )&+ % /%i+' i+(% * %%.:

#&)(i%+.H% %&'$( %+ (% )( *%&( i+'i+' ($%) ,* (%%+ $% * )&i+'@ (% *? ($)36) '%%, *&(%)&'')(i%+)$i/$ %&3, )( ($

A+).D% +%( i+)i)( % 3/(& ($ *%&( i(. ;&)( i+,($ )i03 ($*( I *,6i) ($ (% *? *+ *&(%)&'')(i%+ i($ ($/%+6i/(i%+ ($*( ($ i33 %(*i+ ($ )&3( ($ *+(.

#&)(i%+.H% i) %+ (% 03*i+ (% %+)3 *+, (% 03*i+ (%%($) ($*( ($ 0(i(i%+ % ($ )* %,) :I * '%i+' (% )30. I( i)'%i+' **@: (/.@ $*) ($ 0% (% 0%,&/ ($ /(@ *+, *%6 *33 )%

0%&3 *+ /( ($*( i( i) * /(*i+ %+

A+).T$ 0(i(i%+ % ($ )* %,) %/) %+ (% ($i+?($@ *+, $+ ($i+? ($ ($ /% (& % &) *+, (*+) %($)36) i+(% *3i(.

#&)(i%+.H% i) %+ (% ?0 i+*,3 ($ *)( % %+)3

A+).T% *)( % %+)3 i( i) +%&'$ (% ($i+? ($*( %+i) )%@ *+, i+ %, (% ($i+? i(@ %+ )$%&3, %(+ 0*( i( i($%&( *?i+'*+ %(.

#&)(i%+.A+, %&(*,3@ $% i) %+ (% ?0 %+:) 3i(

1<"




A+).S3 *)( *003i) &)( *) &/$ 0$)i/*33 *)+(*33.

#&)(i%+ *i*(i%+.I( i) i0%))i3 (% )/*0 (%&3 %)*,+))@ i ,% +%( ,% *) )$%&3, i( %&3, +%( &)(@ *+,*&(%)&'')(i%+ /*++%(@ *+, %&'$( +%(@ (% 06+( &)( )&i+'.

M. C%&4 6 )i%&)3 *+, *i*(i63.C(*i+3 *+,*))&,3 i( %&'$( +%( (% )%@ &( i( i) )% %(+*( *+ *( % * (i.#&)(i%+.W$ ,i, ($*( 0*(i+(@ $% $*) + +(i3 /&,@/%+(i+&*33 $*6 ($%) (i3 *((*/?)

A+).H 0/(, $i) *((*/?)@ $ *, ($*+, )% $ 0%6%?, ($ i ($i) '+(3*+ '() 33 i+(% $i) i+, ($ i,* ($*($ i33 $*6 +% % *((*/?)@ $ i33 +%( $*6 *+ i $ ($i+?) ($*( $i33 $*6 ($@ $ i33 i+,, ,% )%.

#&)(i%+.I+ $*( ,%) %& ($%, ,i % %($)

A+).T$ ,i+/ i+ ($%, i)@ ($*( i( i) +%( ($ i33$i/$ &3) &)@ &( ($ i*'i+*(i%+ ($*( i) ($ *)i)@ ($ &+,*+(*3

*)i).

#&)(i%+.Wi33 %& 'i6 * )&* % %& :M($%,: %M R.@ $% i) ,%i+' *+ i0%(*+( %?

M. E. C%&4.H i) ($ )&* % ($ :M($%,: i+ * %,) C%+(* (% $*( i) (*&'$(@ i( i) +%( %& i33 $i/$ *?) &)

*/(@ &( %& i*'i+*(i%+ ($ &+/%+)/i%&). I %(+ ,% */( *) i33@ i( i) /*&) *( ($ )* (i ($i+? ($*( /*+. I i( i) +%( )%@ ,% */(3 ($ 6) % $*( i)$. E. T$ % * 0)%+

1<5




i($ i+)%+i* ,(i+) (% )30@ ($ % /i(, )$ /%) ($% ( (% * +* $i/$ ($i+? $*6 %'%((+@($ % i( )/*0) &) i( /%) */? %+3 i@ i+ %& i+,@ %&03*/ ($ i,* :I $*6 %'%((+: ($ i,* :i( i33 /% */?: ($% )(i6 (% 06+( %&)36) % 3*&'$i+'@ ($ % %&3*&'$( &)() %&( ($ % ,(i+ (% *6%i, *+ %)(*/3@ $+3*+i+' (% i//3@ ($ % &)$ &0%+ i(.

W &)( ($+ *003 %&)36) (% ,i/(i+' %& i*'i+*(i%+@$i/$ +% ,i/() &) i+ ($i) * *)i3 *i6 *( /%i+' *)()% %&)36) 0$)i/*33 *+, %*33.

H% * (% *i6 *( ($i) )&3( ($ 0*/(i/ %/%+)/i%&) *&(%)&'')(i%+.

C%+)/i%&) *&(%)&'')(i%+ i) *), %+ ($i) 0i+/i03. E6 i,*($*( $*6 i+ %& i+, /%) (& % &) *+, (+,) (% *3ii()3.

T$&)@ i ,)i )%($i+'@ /*+ %(*i+ i( *( ($ +, % *% % 3)) 3%+' (i@ i %(+ 0*( ($*( ($i) ($i+' i) '%i+' (%/%@ % (% ,i)*00*@ *//%,i+' (% $($ i( i) * '%%, &*3i( % **&3(@ i($ 0$)i/*3 % +(*3.

E6($i+' i) i+/3&,, 03%i+' +i'$( *+, %+i+' ($'+*3 %&3* :E6 ,*@ i+ 6 )0/(@ I * '((i+' (( *+,

((.:

#&)(i%+.F% ($%) $% * )*,$% * i+ ,i)())

1<




A+).A) 3%+' *) %& ($i+?@ :I * )*,:@ %& /*++%( /$&3@ *+, i+ %, (% ($i+? )%($i+'@ i( i) +%&'$ (% )* i($%&(%(@ :I ,% ($i+? ($i) ($i+':. A) (% ($ ,i)())@ i( i33 ,i)*00*@$%6 6i%3+( i( * @ ($*( I /*+ *i.

A *+ *i6) +(@ ,*''i+' $i)3 0*i+&33 *3%+'@ 3*+i+'%+ (% )(i/?) $ $*) %+ $i) */ *+ 0))i%+ % ,&33 ,0))i%+. A)($ $*33 i) i33i+' &0@ M. E. C%&4 +(). A( $*6i+' &)(i%+, ($i)*+@ $ )*) (% $i )%($i+' 3i? ($i) :S% %& $*6 $*, $&*(i)% ($i(-(% *) *+, %& /*++%( *3?. D%+:( **i,@ i(:) +%( '%i+'(% 3*)( *) 3%+' *) ($*( *'*i+.:

T$+@ *( ($ 03ii+* 0i+() :S$&( %& )@ *+,0*( 6 &i/?3 i+,,@ %6i+' %& 3i0)@ ($ %,)@ I( i) '%i+'@ i(i) '%i+' *( ($ )* (i M. C%&4 0*))) $i) $*+, %6 ($ 3') %($ 0*(i+( % (+( (% (+(-i6 )/%+,). N% %& * +% 3%+'i+ 0*i+@ '( &0 *+, *3? ($ 0*(i+( *3?). #&i/?3> &i/?> %&i/?3 )(i33> A+, )i+/ %& /*+ *3? )% 33@ %& * '%i+' (% &+.R&+@ M%+)i&@ &+>: T$ 0*(i+( &+) %%&)3@ *3%)( *) i $ $*,/%6, $i) %&($@ (% $i) '*( *)(%+i)$+(@ *+, *3)% (% ($*( % ($+&%&) 0)%+) 0)+( *( ($ )4*+/ % A0i3 27@ 192<. C3i+i/ %D. 4i33%+.

A 3*, ,/3*) :M $&)*+, )&, % *((*/?) % *)($*% *+ *)@ $ $*, )&/$ ,ii/&3( i+ *($i+' ($*( *, *(*3 i))& $i) ,i/*3 *,6i)@ D. = @ $*, 'i6+ $i &0. H *)*3%)( *,i/*33 /&, % $i) *((*/?)@ *( %+3 %+ 6i)i( %

M. C%&4.: A %&+' %*+ /%) (% ($*+? M. C%&4 i($ 3i63'*(i(&,.

H ,%/(%@ D. V*/$(@ $% *) i($ $ i+ ($ %%@ )*)($*( ($ /*3 *+i* % $i/$ )$ $*, )&, % * 3%+' $i3@

1<7




$i/$ $ $*, +%( )&//,, i+ /$/?i+' ($ &)&*3 *+)@ $*,,i)*00*, *) i *'i/ ($%&'$ ($ &) % /%+)/i%&) *&(%)&'')(i%+.

A+%($ 0)%+@ $% $*, $*, * */(&, 3' *+, /%&3, +%(*3? i($%&( 0*i+ *+, 3i0i+'@ /%&3, *( %+/ *3? +%*33. N% %

0*i+@ +% % 3i0i+'.

I+ ($ $*33@ $i/$ ($i33) i($ i+()(@ %&3 ()(i%+i) *?%&( % +&%&) 0)%+) $% $*6 + 3i6, % /&,.

A ,%/(% :A&(%)&'')(i%+ i) ($ *0%+ % $*3i+'.: A) (% ($i) 0$i3%)%0$ $% i() $ +(i%+) $i) +*@ $ 3i) %+ ($ '+i&)% C%&4.

A '+(3*+@ * % *'i)(*(@ $% * 3*, $*, *)?, (%0)) $i) *00/i*(i%+@ /3*i) i+ * %6, (%+ :I /*++%( 0&( *00/i*(i%+ i+(% %,)I ($i+? i( i) *,i*3.: A %*+ % ($%3,@ /i(, ($ ,i)*00**+/ % $ )&i+') :O$@ M. C%&4%+ /%&3, ?+3 (% %&> Y%& * ($ /i&3 G%,>: A+%($ 3*,@ 6&/$ i0)), $)3@ /(ii) :N%@ Hi) ))+'.:

A+ *', 3*, :I( i) ,3i'$(&3@ $+ %+ i) *', *+, *'i3@ (%03*/ * 3i+' % '+*3 i33 $*3($ ($*( % )$+( *+,'+*3 33-i+'@ *+, M. E. C%&4:) ($%, /*+@ I *i@ % I $*6

0%6, i(@ 0%,&/ ($i) $*00 )&3(@ $i/$ i) *33 ($ % /%03(*+, 3*)(i+' )i+/ i( 3i) %+ ($ *33-0%&3 %/ $i/$ i) i($i+ &).

A *3 )0*($(i/ 6%i/ /*33) $i ($ %,)( +* $ 0) (% ($*( % :M*)(: P%))% C%&4.

1<8




A %&+' %*+@ $% $*) + +(i3 %+ %6 :M. C%&4'%) )(*i'$( (% $i) *i@ *((*i+) i( i($ )&+))@ *+,@ i+ )((i+' $i)

0*(i+(@ /*i) '+%)i( *+, ?+%3,' (% i() $i'$)( 0%i+(@ )i+/ $3*6) (% ($ 0*(i+( $i)3 ($ i( % $i) 3i*(i%+ *+, ($ &) % **63%&) 0%.:

A 3i(* *+@ $% * 3*, *)?) (% i( * 3i((3 :/$-,:%&6: %+ ($ +i/+( :M($%,:@ &)) *)%3&(3@ 0$*)ii+'($ )i03 %,) $i/$@ &), *//%,i+' (% ($ M($%,@ $30 (% *?*33 )&i+' ,i)*00* :IT IS GOING AWAY($*( i) ($ /$-,:%&6:@ $ *i).

A+, ($ ($%&)*+,) % )i/? %3?) $% $*6 + 3i6, %/&, i33 +%( /%+(*,i/( $i.

A 3*, $% $*) )&, &/$ ,/3*) :I+ -*,i+' ($M($%, I i+, i( % *+, % )&0i% (% ($ ,63%0+() i( $*)i+)0i, ($ i) *33 +%($i+' (% (*? ** +% *,, (% ($i)M($%,*33 ($*( i) 3( i) (% )0*, i(. I )$*33 ,% )% i+ 6 0%))i3*.:

A+, +% i+ /%+/3&)i%+ I i33 )* A3($%&'$ M. C%&4:)%,)( *?) $i 03 (% 6%+

:I $*6 +% *'+(i/ 3&i,

I $*6 +% i+3&+/

I $*6 +6 /&, *+%,

1<9




M ,i)/i03) %(*i+ ($ )* )&3() *) )3:

I /*+ )* i+ *33 )i+/i( ($*( ($ (+, (% ,% )%@ i+)(&/(, *)($ * i+ ($ 6*3&*3 :M($%,:@ *+, $+@ i+ )% * ,i)(*+( &(&@($ ($i33i+' 6%i/ % i() *&($% /*33, (% * $i'$ )0$ /*+ +% 3%+'(*/$ i( $ 3%@ ($ :M($%,:@ $i) %?@ i33 $30 i+ *i,i+'@/%%(i+'@ *+, /&i+' ($%&)*+,) *+, ($%&)*+,) % $&*+ i+'). I(&)( i%(*3@ *+, /%&+i/*(, (% ($ +(i %3, '+%&)F*+/% ($ *+ % 3(() *) i'$(@ *+, ?+ $% (% i33&i+*(i+ * %, ($i) (&@ )i03@ *+, *63%&) $30 i+ /%+&i+' 0*i+ :ITIS GOING AWAY>T$ i) ($ /$-,:%&6>:

. K. EMILE LEON P*i)@ ;&+ @ 192<

11<




PART TW/ - T'$ PRACTC$ /1 A2T/S2$ST/3 (" T'$ M$T'/D /1

$M#$ C/24

(" C. 'ARR" (R//5S

!or what man knoweth the things of a man save thespirit of the man which is in him 5 - I %INT0IAN' ii. II

. C/240S 3A3C" PRACTC$

111




C'APT$R : - The Clinic of $%ile Cou&

THE /3i+i/ % Ei3 C%&4@ $ I+,&/, A&(%)&'')(i%+1 *) *003i, (% ($ (*(+( % ,i)*)@ *) )i(&*(, i+ * 03*)*+('*,+ *((*/$, (% $i) $%&) *( ($ &i( +, % ($ & ;*++ ,:A/ i+

N*+/. I( *) ($ ($*( I 6i)i(, $i i+ ($ *3 )& % 1921@ *+,$*, ($ 03*)& % ($ i)( (i % i(+))i+' %+ % $i)/%+)&3(*(i%+).

W +(, ($ '*,+ % $i) $%&) * 3i((3 % +i+%:/3%/?. I+ %+ /%+ *) * i/? &i3,i+' % (% )(%i)@ i($ i()i+,%) ($%+ i, (% 3( i+ ($ *i *+, )&+)$i+($i) *) ($/3i+i/ * *,) ** *) * )*33 %+-)(%i, /%+)(&/(i%+ $i/$)6, *) * *i(i+'-%%. U+, ($ 03& *+, /$ ()@ +% 3*,+i($ &i(@ 3i((3 '%&0) % 0*(i+() )i((i+' %+ ($ '*,+ )*()@/$*((i+' *i/*3 (%'($ *+, +%i+' ($ %+i+' )&+)$i+@ $i3%($) *+,, i+ (%) *+, ($) *%+' ($ 3%) *+, )(*

,). T$ %% )6, % ($ (*(+() *) *3*, /%,,@ &(i+ )0i( % ($*( *' +/%) /%+)(*+(3 (i, (% '*i+ +(*+/. T$i+,%-)i33) %+ ($ '%&+, 3%% )(@ *+, * ,+) ?+%( $*,

%, i+ ($ ,%%*. I+)i,@ ($ 0*(i+() $*, i)( %//&0i, ($ )*()$i/$ )&%&+,, ($ *33)@ *+, ($+ /%6, ($ *6*i3*3 3%%-)0*/@ )i((i+' %+ /*0-)(%%3) *+, %3,i+'-/$*i). C%&4 i($ )%,ii/&3( %&+, * )*(@ *+, ($ (*(+( i,i*(3 '*+.

T$ i)( 0*(i+( $ *,,)), *) * *i3@ i,,3-*', *+$%@ *//%0*+i, $i) ,*&'$(@ $*, &)( *i6, % P*i) (%

1 T$ ( /%+)/i%&) *&(%)&'')(i%+ &), M. C%&4 i) *0( (% i)3*,. A&(%)&'')(i%+i) * */&3( +%( % ($ /%+)/i%&) i+,@ &( % ($ U+-/%+)/i%&). T$ 0$*) i+,&/,*&(%)&'')(i%+ i) &), $ (% i+,i/*( *&(%)&'')(i%+ i+i(i*(, ($ /%+)/i%&) /$%i/% ($ )&/(.

112




/%+)&3( $i. T$ *+ *) * *, /*) % +6%&) (%&3. H *3?,i($ ,ii/&3(@ *+, $i) $*,@ *) *+, 3') *3i/(, i($ */%+(i+&*3 (%. H 03*i+, ($*( i $ +/%&+(, * )(*+' $+*3?i+' i+ ($ )(( ($ i,* ($*( ($ 3*(( %&3, +%(i/ $i) i+ii(/%03(3 0**3, $i@ *+, $ $*, (% /3i+' (% $*(6 )&00%( *)*( $*+, (% )*6 $i)3 % *33i+'. A( C%&:) i+6i(*(i%+ $ %) %$i) )*( *+, (%%? * )(0) */%)) ($ 3%%. H *3?, )3%3@3*+i+' %+ * )(i/? $i) ?+) $*3 +( *+, $i) ( ,*'',$*6i3 *3%+' ($ '%&+,.

C%&4 +/%&*', $i i($ ($ 0%i) % i0%6+(. :Y%&$*6 + )%i+' *, ), i+ %& U+/%+)/i%&) +% %& i33 )%'%%, ),. T$ 0% $i/$ %& $*6 0%,&/, ($) i33 /()i33 i+ &(& 0%,&/ &*33 '%%, %+).:

T$ +( 0*(i+( *) *+ /i(*3@ %6-%?, %*+ % ($*(i)*+ /3*)). W$+ C%&4 i+&i, ($ +*(& % $ (%&3@ )$ %?i+(% * 3%%, % /%03*i+(@ ,)/ii+' */$ )0(% i($ * 6%3&3i+&(+)). :M*,*@: $ i+(&0(,@ :%& ($i+? (%% &/$ *%&( %&*i3+()@ *+, i+ ($i+?i+' % ($ %& /*( )$ %+).:

N( /* * 'i3 i($ $*,*/$)@ * %&($ i($ i+3*, )@*+, * *-3*% i+/*0*/i(*(, 6*i/%) 6i+). I+ */$ /*) C%&4

)(*(, ($*( *&(%)&'')(i%+ )$%&3, i+' /%03( 3i. T$+ i( *)($ (&+ % * &)i+)) *+ $% /%03*i+, % +6%&)+))@ 3*/? %)3-/%+i,+/@ *+, $*&+(i+' *).

:W$+ %& ?+% ($ ($%,@: )*i, C%&4 :%& i33 +%( *33%%&)3 (% $*% )&/$ i,*).:

:I %? (i3 $*, (% '( i, % ($@: ($ 0*(i+( *+),.

11!




:Y%& *(i'& %&)3. T$ '*( ($ %() %& *?@ ($% ($ i,*) (&+. Y%& i33 /$*+' *33 ($*( *)i3@ )i03@ *+,*%6 *33@ i($%&( %(.:

:I *+( (%@: ($ *+ i+(/(,.

:T$*(:) &)( $ %&: %+'@: C%&4 (%3, $i. :I %& )*@ I*+( (% ,% )%($i+'@ %& i*'i+*(i%+ 03i) O$@ &( %& /*+:(.Y%& &)( )* I * '%i+' (% ,% i(@ *+, i i( i) i+ ($ 'i%+ % ($

0%))i3 %& i33 )&//,.:

A 3i((3 *($ %+ *) *+%($ +&*)($+i/* 'i3. T$i) *)$ ($i, 6i)i( (% ($ /3i+i/@ *+, % (+ ,*) )$ $*, + 0*/(i/i+' ($($%, *( $%. Wi($ * $*00 )i3@ *+, * 3i((3 0*,%+*3 )3-i0%(*+/@ )$ ,/3*, ($*( )$ *3*, 3( * /%+)i,*3i0%6+(. S$ $*, % +'@ *) 'i++i+' (% +% 3i@ *($*(i3 *+, )30( % )%&+,3. H )i+/i( *+, +*i6 ,3i'$( $30,(% )(+'($+ ($ *i($ % $ 33%-0*(i+(). T$ 3%%?, %+ $ *) *3i6i+' 0%% % ($ $*3i+' $i/$ )$%&3, /% (% ($)36).

C%&4 /%+(i+&, $i) &)(i%+). T$%) $% &+*3@ $($($%&'$ $&*(i) % )% 0**3(i/ */(i%+@ (% *? &) % * 3i /*33, %+@ *) * /i(i%+ % &(& 0%'))@ (% 0&( %&( ($i*i& %().

I+ *,,i(i%+ (% ($ 6i)i(% % P*i) ($ 0)+( * *+*+, * %*+ $% /%&3, +%( *3? i($%&( )&00%(@ *+, * &3

0*)*+(@ %3 * 3*/?)i($@ $% % +*3 (+ *) $*, +%()&//,, i+ 3i(i+' $i) i'$( * *%6 ($ 363 % $i) )$%&3,. I+*/$ /*) C%&4 0,i/(, * /%03( /&.

11"




D&i+' ($i) 03ii+* )(*' % ($ (*(+(@ ($ %,) $)0%? +%( i+ ($ +*(& % )&'')(i%+). T$ )%0))i%+) % %0i+i%+@ *), %+ *) % 0i+/. N%( %+/ ,i, $/( ($ 0%))ii3i( % /&@ ($%&'$ i($ )6*3 0*(i+() )&i+'% %'*+i/ ,i)*) i+ *+ *,6*+/, )(*'@ $ *,i((, i()&+3i?3i$%%,. T% ($) $ 0%i), $%6 * /))*(i%+ % 0*i+@ *+i0%6+( % %*3 *+, *( 3*)( * (*,+( % ($ 0%')) % ($,i)*). :M*+$i3@: $ *,,,@ :($ 3ii() % ($ 0% %*&(%)&'')(i%+ * +%( ( ?+%+ i+*3 /%6 i) 0%))i3.: I+ *33/*)) % &+/(i%+*3 *+, +6%&) ,i)%,)@ *) 33 *) ($ 3)) )i%&)

%+) % *+ %'*+i/ +*(&@ $ )(*(, ($*( *&(%)&'')(i%+@/%+)/i+(i%&)3 *003i,@ *) /*0*3 % %6i+' ($ (%&3/%03(3.

I( (%%? C%&4 +*3 %( i+&() (% /%03( $i) i+(%'*(i%+.O($ 0*(i+() % i(+)) (% ($ +i() ($ (*(+( $*, *3*,/%+, %+ ($. A %*+ i($ * 0*i+&3 )33i+' i+ $ *)(@

$i/$ * ,%/(% $*, ,i*'+%), i+ C%&:) %0i+i%+ %+'3 *) % */*+/%&) +*(&@ $*, %&+, /%03( 3i *( 3)) ($*+ ($?): (*(+(. A+%($ %*+ $*, +i/$, $ i0%6i)$,

3%%,@ *+, i+/*), $ i'$( %6 +i+ 0%&+,). A *+ $*, +/&, % * 6*i/%) &3/@ *+%($ i+ * )i+'3 )i((i+' $*, i, $i)3 %* 3i3%+' $*i( % )(*i+'. O+3 %+ % ($ % 0*(i+() *i3,(% 0%( *+ i0%6+(. :M%+)i&@: )*i, C%&4@ B%& $*6 +*?i+' %(). Y%& &)( 0&( %& (&)( i+ ($ i*'i+*(i%+@ +%( i+ ($

i33. T$i+? %& * (( *+, %& i33 /% )%. C%&4 +% 0%/,, (% %&(3i+ ($ ($% 'i6+ i+ ($ 0*') $i/$ %33%. I( i))&i/i+( $ (% )(*( $i) *i+ /%+/3&)i%+)@ $i/$ ($)

1 E6 i,* $i/$ /3&)i63 %//&0i) ($ i+, i)(*+)%, i+(% *+ */(&*3 0$)i/*3 % +(*3 )(*(.

2 T$ %() *? (% /%+& *+ i,* (i+' ($ i33%+3 )6 (% *? ($*( i,* % 0%&3.

115




T% ,%+)(*( ($) (&($) $ &)(, %+ % $i) 0*(i+()@ *%&+' *+i/-3%%?i+' %*+@ (% /* %&( * )*33 0i+(. S$(+,, $ *) i+ %+( % $@ *+, /3*)0, ($ $*+,) i3(%'($ i($ ($ i+') i+(3*/,@ i+/*)i+' ($ %/ % $ 'i0&+(i3 * )3i'$( (% )( i+. :L%%? *( %& $*+,)@: )*i, C%&4@ :*+, ($i+?%& %&3, 3i? (% %0+ ($ &( %& /*++%(. N% ( (% 0&33 ($*0*(. P&33 $*,. Y%& i+, ($*( ($ % %& ( ($ % (i'$(3 ($

/% /3*)0, (%'($.:

T$ 'i3 *, 3i((3 /%+6&3)i6 %6+() % $ i)()@ *33,%i+' $ )( 0$)i/*3 %/ (% )0**( $ $*+,)@ &( ($ $*,)$ (i, ($ % $ 'i0 i+/*), i+ )(+'($@ &+(i3 ($ ?+&/?3)(&+, $i( i($ ($ 0))&. H $*+,) ), 3%/?, (%'($ *%/ %&()i, $ %+ /%+(%3.

:N% ($i+?@: )*i, C%&4@ : I /*+ %0+ $*+,).:

S3%3 $ '*)0 3*, *+,@ i+ )0%+) (% * 3i((3 0&33@ ($/*0, i+') /* *0*(. S$ )i3, )$3 *( ($ *((+(i%+ )$ $*,*((*/(,@ *+, )*( ,%+.

C%&4 0%i+(, %&( ($*( ($ (% *i+ 0%i+() % $i) ($% ($&) ,%+)(*(, )i&3(*+%&)3 $+ ($ 0*(i+(:) i+, *) i33,i($ ($ ($%&'$( :I /*++%(:@ )$ /%&3, +%( i+ 6 */( &+/3*)0 $$*+,). F&($@ ($ %() )$ *, (% +/$ ($ *0*( (i+'$ i33 %+3 i, ($ % i3 (%'($.

E*/$ 0*(i+( *) +% /*33, %+ i+ (&+ (% 0% ($ )*0i+(. T$ % i*'i+*(i6 *%+' ($+%(*3 ($ %+

*( %+/ )&//))&3. O+ %3, 3*, *) )% *)%, i+ ($($%&'$( :I /*++%(: *) +%( (% $, ($ &)( (% ($i+? :I /*+:. Wi($ $*/ &&33 0&/?, &0 )$ )*( )(*i+' i,3 *( $ i+(3%/?,i+')@ *) ($%&'$ /%+(03*(i+' *+ */( % *(. :V%i3*@: )*i, C%&4@

11




)i3i+'@ :i M*,* 0)i)() i+ $ 0)+( i,*@ )$ i33 +6 %0+$ $*+,) *'*i+ *) 3%+' *) )$ 3i6).:

S6*3 % ($ +@ $%6@ +%( *( %+/ )&//))&3. T$$i3% 3*/?)i($ i($ ($ ,i)*3, *@ $+ (%3, (% ($i+? :I )$%&3,3i? (% %0+ $*+,) &( I /*++%(:@ 0%/,, i($%&( ,ii/&3( (%%0+ ($.

:Y%& )@: )*i, C%&4@ i($ * )i3@ :i( ,0+,) +%( %+ $*( I )* &( %+ $*( %& ($i+?. W$*( %& ($i+?i+' ($+ :

H $)i(*(,. :I ($%&'$( 0$*0) I /%&3, %0+ ($ *( *33.:

:E*/(3. A+, ($% %& /%&3,. N% /3*)0 %& $*+,)*'*i+. P)) ($ (%'($.: W$+ ($ i'$( ,' % 0))& $*,

+ */$,@ C%&4 (%3, $i (% 0*( ($ %,) :I /*++%(@ I /*++%(. . ..: A) $ 0*(, ($i) 0$*) ($ /%+(*/(& i+/*),@ *+, *33 $i)%() *i3, (% 3*) $i) 'i0.

:V%i3\@: )*i, C%&4. :N% 3i)(+. F% (+ *) %& $*6 +($i+?i+' %& /%&3, +%( 3i( %& * *%6 %& )$%&3,@/%+)&+(3 %& $*6 +%( + *3 (% ,% )%@ % $*(6 ($i+?

/%) (& % &). N% ($i+? I /*+ 3i( i(.:

T$ 0*(i+( 3%%?, *( $i ,%&(&33.

:#&i/?>: C%&4 )*i, i+ * (%+ % *&($%i(. T$i+? I /*+@ I /*+>:

117




:I /*+@: )*i, ($ *+. H *, * $*3-$*(, *((0( *+,/%03*i+, % * 0*i+ i+ $i) )$%&3,.

:%+@: )*i, C%&4. :D%+:( 3% %& *. C3%) %& ) *+,0*( i($ *) *)( *) %& /*+@ ]* 0*))@ ^* 0*)). :

F% $*3 * i+&( ($ 0*(, ($i) 0$*) (%'($@ )0*?i+')% *)( *) (% 0%,&/ * )%&+, 3i? ($ $i % * *0i,3 6%36i+'*/$i+. M*+$i3 C%&4: &i/?3 )(%?, ($ *+:) )$%&3,. A( ($+, % ($*( (i ($ 0*(i+( *,i((, ($*( $i) 0*i+ $*, 3( $i.

:N% ($i+? 33 ($*( %& /*+ 3i( %& *@: C%&4 )*i,.

T$ ,0*(& % ($ 0*i+ $*, 'i6+ ($ 0*(i+( *i($. Hi) */@$i/$ % $*, + 003, *+, i+/,&3%&)@ i'$(+, *) ($

($%&'$( % 0% (%%? 0%))))i%+ % $i. :I /*+@: $ )*i, i+ * (%+ %i+*3i(@ *+, i($%&( %( $ /*33 3i(, $i) * (% i() &33 $i'$(*%6 $i) $*,. H $3, i( ($ (i&0$*+(3 % * %+( $i3 ($$%3 /%0*+ *003*&,, *+, +/%&*', $i.

C%&4 */$, % $i) $*+, *+, )$%%? i(.

:M i+, %& * /&,.:

:C:)( 6i33&@: ($ *+ *+),. :I 3i6 I *.:

:P%6 i(@: )*i, C%&4. :Hi( %+ ($ )$%&3,.:

T$ 0*(i+( 3*&'$,@ *+, ,*3( $i * '+(3 *0.

118




:H*,@: C%&4 +/%&*', $i. :Hi( $*,*) $*, *) %&

/*+.: Hi) * '*+ (% i) *+, *33 i+ '&3* 3%)@ i+/*)i+' i+%/ &+(i3 C%&4 *) /%033, (% /*33 %+ $i (% )(%0.

:V%i3*@ %+ *i@ %& /*+ '% */? (% %& *+6i3.:

T$ *+ )&, $i) )*(@ )(i33 $*,3 *3 (% /%0$+,

$*( $*, %//&,. N% *+, ($+ $ 3i(, $i) * *) i (% *))&$i)3@ $i)0i+' (% $i)3 i+ *+ *, 6%i/@ :I /*+@ I /*+:.

A 3i((3 &($ %+ *) )*(, * %*+ $% $*, /%03*i+, %6i%3+( +&*3'i*. U+, ($ i+3&+/ % ($ 0*(, 0$*) :^* 0*)):i(:) '%i+' ($ 0*i+ *) ,i)033, i+ 3)) ($*+ ($i( )/%+,). T$+ i(*) ($ (&+ % ($ 6i)i(% % P*i). W$*( $ $*, )+ $*, i+)0i,

$i i($ /%+i,+/ $ *) )i((i+' % /(@ ($ *) * 3i((3 0*(/$% /%3% i+ $i) /$?)@ *+, $i) (3i+' ), 3)) 6i%3+(.

H 0%, ($ 0i+( i($ i,i*( )&//)). :N%@:)*i, C%&4@ :%& * /&3(i6*(, '%&+,. I /*+ ($% %&( ($ ), i+$*+,&3).: H /*&), ($ )& i)( (% )(*+, /( i($ $i) */? *+,?+)

)(*i'$(+,. T$+ $ *)?, $i@ /%+)(*+(3 ($i+?i+' :I /*+:@ (% 03*/ $i) +(i i'$( %+ */$ %%( i+ (&+@ )3%3 0%i+' ($/i) ?+%+ *) :*?i+' (i:. A )0*/ *) ($+ /3*, % /$*i)@*+, $*6i+' ,i)/*,, $i) )(i/?@ ($ *+ *) *, (% *3? (% *+, %.W$+ $i) '*i( /* )3%6+3 C%&4 )(%00, $i@ 0%i+(, %&( $i)*&3(@ *+,@ +i+' ($ ($%&'$( :I /*+:@ /*&), $i (% /%/( i(.

P%'))i6 i0%6+( ?i+,3, ($ *+:) i*'i+*(i%+. H (%%?$i)3 i+ $i) %+ $*+,). Hi) *i+' /* % *+, %/%+i,+(@ $ *3?, % *)i3@ % &i/?3. Hi) 3i((3 ,*&'$(@ *33

119




)i3) *+, $*00 )3-%'(&3+))@ )(%%, )i, $i &((i+'0))i%+) % ,3i'$(@ *,i*(i%+ *+, +/%&*'+(. T$ $%3/%0*+ 3*&'$, *+, /3*00, ($i $*+,).

:A( ($ )i((i+'@: )*i, C%&4@ :%& )$*33 /% % * &+ i+ '*,+.:

T$&) C%&4 /%+(i+&, $i) %&+, % ($ /3i+i/. E*/$ 0*(i+()&i+' % 0*i+ *) 'i6+ /%03( % 0*(i*3 3i ($%) i($&)3)) 3i) $*, * 6*i+' *)& % &) )(%, (% ($. C%&4:)*++ *) *3*) &i(3 i+)0ii+'. T$ *) +% %*3i(@ +%*((i(&, % ($ )&0i% 0)%+ $ (*(, 6%+@ $($ i/$ %

0%%@ i($ ($ )* i+,3 )%3i/i(&,. &( i($i+ ($) 3ii() $6*i, $i) (%+ (% )&i( ($ (0*+( % ($ 0*(i+(. S%(i) $*) i@ )%(i) '+(3 *+(i+'. H )i, 6 %00%(&+i( %* 3i((3 $&%%&) -03*. O+ i'$( *3%)( )* ($*( $ (*/(&33(*), )% % $i) 0*(i+()@ 'i6i+' ($ *+ i,* ($*( ($i *i3+( *)*)&,@ *+, * 3i((3 &+%($ ($*( (% i33 *) * &*i+( &(0$+)i3 *?+))@ $i/$ ($ )$%&3, &i/?3 '( i, %. I+,,@($i) ,+i*3 % ($ ,i'+i( % ,i)*) i) %+ % ($ /$**/(i)(i/) % ($

03*/. N% $%*' i) 0*i, (% i( *) * D*, M%+*/$. I( i) '+(3i,i/&3,@ i() (%) * *, (% *00* )/%+,-*(@ *+, i() 6i/(i)+, 3*&'$i+' *( i(.

C%&4 +% 0*)), %+ (% ($ %&3*(i%+ % )0/ii/ )&'')(i%+).T$ 0*(i+() /3%), ($i )@ *+, $ 0%/,, i+ * 3%@ %+%(%+%&)6%i/@ (% 6%? % ($i i+,) ($ )(*() % $*3($@ +(*3 *+,

0$)i/*3@ ($ )?i+'. A) ($ 3i)(+, (% $i ($i *3(+)), **@ ($ 3&33, i+(% * ,%) )(*(@ 0%03, %+3 ($6i6i, i*') $ /*33, &0 % ($ ) % ($ i+,. T$ *i+( &)(3% ($ ()@ ($ )%+') % ($ i,)@ ($ 3% 6%i/) % ($%) *i(i+' i+

($ '*,+@ ', i+(% * 03*)*+( */?'%&+,@ %+ $i/$ $i) %,))(%%, %&( 0%&33.

12<




T$i) i) $*( $ )*i,

:S* (% %&)3 ($*( *33 ($ %,) I * *%&( (% &(( i33 i,@ i0i+(, *+, +'*6+ i+ %& i+,) ($*( ($ i33 *i+i,@ i0i+(, *+, +'*6+ ($@ )% ($*( i($%&( %& i33 *+,?+%3,'@ i($%&( %& i+' i+ *+ * ** % $*( i) (*?i+'

03*/@ %& %&)3 *+, %& $%3 %'*+i) i33 % ($. I (33 %&i)( ($*( 6 ,*@ ($ (i) * ,*@ %+i+'@ +%%+ *+, 6+i+'@ *(*3(i)@ %& i33 $&+' ($*( i) (% )* %& i33 3 ($*( 03*)*+()+)*(i%+ $i/$ *?) &) ($i+? *+, )* H% I )$%&3, 3i? )%($i+'(% *(> Y%& i33 ($+ *( i($ /33+( *00(i(@ +%i+' %& %%,@

&( %& i33 +6 *( (%% &/$. Y%& i33 *( ($ i'$( *%&+(@ +i($(%% &/$ +% (%% 3i((3@ *+, %& i33 ?+% i+(&i(i63 $+ %& $*6$*, )&i/i+(. Y%& i33 *)(i/*( %& %%, ($%%&'$3@ (*+)%i+'i( i+(% * )%%($ 0*)( % )*33%i+' i(. I+ ($) /%+,i(i%+) %&i33 ,i')( i( 33@ *+, )% 3 +% ,i)/%%( % *+ ?i+, i($ i+ ($)(%*/$ % ($ i+()(i+). A))ii3*(i%+ i33 0/(3 0%,@

*+, %& %'*+i) i33 *? ($ )( 0%))i3 &) % ($ %%, (% /*( 3%%,@ &)/3@ )(+'($@ +'@ i+ * %,Li.

:Si+/ %& $*6 ,i')(, %& %%, 0%03@ ($ /(%&+/(i%+) i33 +%*33 0%,. T$i) i33 (*? 03*/ 6%+i+' i,i*(3 %+ i)i+'@ *+, i($%&( %& $*6i+' /%&) (%*+ 3**(i6 ,i/i+ % *(ii/i*3 *+) % *+ ?i+,.

:E6 +i'$( %& i33 *33 *)30 *( ($ $%& %& i)$@ *+, i33/%+(i+& (% )30 &+(i3 ($ $%& *( $i/$ %& ,)i (% *? +(%+i+'. Y%& )30 i33 /*3@ 0*/&3 *+, 0%%&+,@ &+(%&3,

*, ,*) % &+,)i*3 )(*() % %,. Y%& * ,*@ &( %&,*) i33 03*)*+( %+). O+ *?i+' %& i33 3 33@ i'$(@*3(@ *' % ($ ,*:) (*)?).

:I i+ ($ 0*)( %& $*6 + )&/( (% ,0))i%+@ '3%% *+,3*+/$%3 %%,i+')@ %& i33 $+/%*, % )&/$

121




(%&3). I+)(*, % i+' %%,@ *+i%&) *+, ,0)), %& i33 /$&3 *+, $*00. Y%& i33 $*00 6+ i %& $*6 +% 0*(i/&3**)%+ % i+' )%@ &)( *) i+ ($ 0*)( %& @ i($%&( '%%, *)%+@&+$*00. I (33 %& 6+ ($*( i %& $*6 )i%&) /*&) (% %i, %,0)),@ %& i33 +%( )%.

:I %& $*6 + i0*(i+( % i33-(0,@ %& i33 +% 3%+' *+($i+' % ($ ?i+, %+ ($ /%+(*@ %& i33 *3*) 0*(i+(*+, )3-/%+(%33,. T$ $*00+i+') $i/$ &), (% ii(*( %& i333*6 %& +(i3 /*3 *+, &+%6,.

:I %& $*6 )%(i) + $*&+(, 6i3 *+, &+$%3)%i,*)@ *) % 0$%i*)@ ($) i,*) i33 '*,&*33 /*) (% %//&0%& i+,. T$ i33 3( ** 3i? * /3%&,. A) * ,* 6*+i)$)$+ *?@ )% i33 ($) 6*i+ i*') ,i)*00*.

:I *,, ($*( *33 %& %'*+) ,% ($i %? 0/(3. Y%& $*( *() +%*33 *+, ($ /i/&3*(i%+ % ($ 3%%, (*?) 03*/ *) i( )$%&3,.T$ 3&+') ,% ($i %? 33. T$ )(%*/$@ ($ i+()(i+)@ ($ 3i6@ ($

i3i* ,&/(@ ($ ?i,+) *+, ($ 3*,,@ *33 /* %&( ($i &+/(i%+)/%/(3. I *( 0)+( *+ % ($ %'*+) +*, i) %&( % %,@ ($,i)(&*+/ i33 '% 3)) ,* ,*@ )% ($*( i($i+ * )$%( )0*/ %(i i( i33 $*6 +(i3 ,i)*00*,@ *+, ($ %'*+ i33 $*6 )&,

i() +%*3 &+/(i%+.

:F&($@ i i+ *+ %'*+ ($ i) * )(&/(&*3 3)i%+@ i( i33 %($i) ,* '*,&*33 0*i,@ *+, i+ * )$%( 0i%, i33 /%03(3)(%,. T$i) i33 )% 6+ i %& * &+** ($*( ($ (%&3i)().

:I &)( *3)% *,,*+, i( i) (3 i0%(*+(($*( i i+ ($ 0*)( %& $*6 3*/?, /%+i,+/ i+ %&)3@ ($i) )3-,i)(&)( i33'*,&*33 ,i)*00*. Y%& i33 $*6 /%+i,+/ i+ %&)3 I 0*(@

122




%& i33 $*6 /%+i,+/. Y%& /%+i,+/ i33 *), %+ ($?+%3,' % ($ i+) 0% $i/$ i) i($i+ %&@ $i/$ %&/*+ *//%03i)$ *+ (*)? % $i/$ %& *)%+ *00%6). Wi($ ($i)/%+i,+/ %& i33 *3 (% ,% *+($i+' %& i)$ (% ,%@ 0%6i,, i(i) *)%+*3@ *+, *+($i+' i( i) %& ,&( (% ,%.

:W$+ %& $*6 *+ (*)? (% 0% %& i33 *3*) ($i+? ($*(i( i) *). S&/$ %,) *) ,ii/&3(@ i0%))i3@ I /*++%( i33,i)*00* % %& 6%/*&3*. T$i 03*/ i33 (*?+ ($i)

0$*) I( i) *) *+, I /*+. S%@ /%+)i,i+' %& %? *)@ 6+ ii( i) ,ii/&3( (% %($)@ i( i33 /% *) (% %&. Y%& i33 ,% i(*)i3@ i($%&( %( *+, i($%&( *(i'&.:

T$) '+*3 )&'')(i%+) )&//,, 0*(i/&3*)&'')(i%+) i+' (% ($ )0/i*3 *i3+() % $i/$ C%&4:)

0*(i+() )&i+'. T*?i+' */$ /*) i+ (&+@ $ *33%, $i) $*+,(% )( 3i'$(3 %+ ($ $*,) % ($ )&)@ $i3 0i/(&i+' (% ($ii+,) ($ $*3($ *+, 6i'% i($ $i/$ ($ %&3, )%%+ +,%,.T$&) (% * %*+ i($ *+ &3/*(, 3' $ )0%? *) %33%):H+/%($ %& %'*+i) i33 ,% *33 ($*( i) +/))* (% )(% %&3' (% 0/( $*3($. I( i33 *0i,3 $*3 ($ (i))&) i33 '*i+ ($i(%+ ($ )?i+ i33 )%( *+, $*3($. I+ * )$%( )0*/ % (i %& 3'i33 6i'%%&) *+, )(%+' *+, i33 i+ &(& *3*) *i+ )%.: E*/$)0/i*3 /%03*i+( *) ($&) (*(, i($ * *00%0i*( 0$*)).

W$+ $ $*, i+i)$,@ *+, ($ 0*(i+() /*33, %+ (% %0+ ($i)@ * *i+( )i'$ +( %&+, ($ %%@ *) i ($ **?+i+'3&/(*+(3 % * ,3i/i%&) ,*.

C%&4 +% 03*i+, (% $i) 0*(i+() ($*( $ 0%)))), +%$*3i+' 0%)@ *+, $*, +6 $*3, * 0)%+ i+ $i) 3i. T$ /*i,i+ ($)36) ($ i+)(&+( % ($i %+ 33-i+'. T$ )&3() ($

$*, )+ ,& (% ($ *3i*(i%+ % */$ 0*(i+(:) %+ ($%&'$(. H$*, + 3 *+ *'+( /*33i+' ($ i,*) % $*3($ i+(% ($i i+,).H+/%($ ($ /%&3,@ *+, &)(@ ($ 0i3%() % ($i %+ ,)(i+. H

12!




($+ &)(, ($ (% 0*(@ &+, /%+,i(i%+) $i/$ i33 ,i+,3*(@ ($ 0$*) i($ $i/$ $i) +* i) *))%/i*(, :D* ,*@ i+6 *@ I: '((i+' (( *+, ((.:1

T$ )i((i+' *) *( *+ +,. T$ 0*(i+() %) *+, /%,, %&+,C%&4@ *)?i+' &)(i%+)@ ($*+?i+' $i@ )$*?i+' $i ($ $*+,. S%,/3*, ($ *3*, /&,@ )% ($*( ($ &/$ ((@%($) ($*( ($ /%+i,+( % /& i+ ($ &(&. I( *) *) i *

&,+ % ,0))i%+ $*, *33+ % ($i i+,). T$%) $% $*,+(, i($ i+,) /&)$, *+, %00)), +( %&( i($ $%0 *+,%0(ii) )$i+i+' i+ ($i */).

&( C%&4 *6, *)i, ($) (%% i+)i)(+( *,i)@ *+,@ /?%+i+' (% ($ ($ 0*(i+() $% /%&3, +%( *3?@ 3, ($ (% */%+ % ($ '*,+ $ ($ *) * )((/$ % '*63 0*($ &++i+'

+*($ ($ %&'$) % &i( (). O+/ % i0))i+' %+ ($i i+,)($ ($%&'$( % )(+'($ *+, 0%@ $ i+,&/, */$ %+ (% *3?i($%&( )&00%( ,%+ ($i) 0*($. H +% i+6i(, ($ (% &+. T$$)i(*(,@ &( $ i+)i)(,@ (33i+' ($ ($*( ($ /%&3, &+@ ($*( ($%&'$( (% &+@ ($*( ($ $*, &( (% 3i6 i+ ($i %+ 0% *+, ($i($%&'$( %&3, *+i)(, i+ */(i%+.

T$ )(*(, *($ &+/(*i+3@ &( C%&4 %33%, ($ i($

0)i)(+( +/%&*'+(). T$ '*+ (% *i) ($i $*,)@ (% 3i( ($i( % ($ '%&+, *+, &+ i($ '*( ,% *+, /%+i,+/.T&+i+' *( ($ +, % ($ 0*($ ($ /* */? *( * *i 0*/. T$i%6+() +%( 3'*+(@ &( 0%03 %+ ($ *($ )i, % i( **3 3'*+( &++). I( *) * )&0i)i+' )i'$( (% ) ($) ($)&) $% $*, $%3, (% ($ /3i+i/ %+ )(i/?) +% /%6i+' ($'%&+, *( * &33 i6 i3) *+ $%&@ *+, 3*&'$i+' $*(i3 *( ($)36)*) ($ *+. T$ /%, % 0*(i+() $% $*, /%33/(, %? i+(% *

1 T$ (*+)3*(i%+ 'i6+ $ % C%&4:) %&3* ,i) )3i'$(3 % ($*( 0%0&3*i, i+E+'3*+, ,&i+' $i) 6i)i( % N%6@ 1921. T$ *%6@ $%6@ i) ($ E+'3i)$ 6)i%+$i/$ $ /%+)i,) %)( )&i(*3.

12"




)0%+(*+%&) /$@ *+, C%&4@ )3i00i+' %,)(3 **@ (&+, (% ($)$ /%0*+ % )&) $% **i(, $i i($i+.

125




C'APT$R : - A 1e8 of Cou&0s Cures

T% 'i6 ($ *, * (( i,* % ($ )&3() $i/$ I+,&/,A&(%)&'')(i%+ /*+ i3,@ I )$*33 $ ,)/i * &($ /*)) %$i/$ I *) )3 i+ )% 0*( * i(+))@ *+, ($*( 3( )% %C%&4:) 0*(i+() (33 % ($)36) % ($ +i() ($ $*6 ,i6,% i() *003i/*(i%+.

A( %+ % ($ %+i+' /%+)&3(*(i%+) $i/$ I )&)&+(3*((+,, *) * %*+ $% $*, )&, % i6 *) i($ ,)00)i*.T$ (%&3 $*, /+(3 /% )% */&( ($*( 6+ ($ i3? ,i( (%$i/$ )$ *) +% ,&/, /*&), $ ( ,i)/%%(.C%+)&+(3 )$ $*, /% (3 ($i+ *+, *+i/@ *) 3i)(3))@*)i3 (i,@ *+, )&, % ,0))i%+. E*3 i+ ($ 0%/,i+') ($*//%&+() 'i6+ )6*3 0*(i+() % ($ 3i ($ $*, %(*i+,), (% *00*3 (% $ i*'i+*(i%+. S$ %33%, C%&4:) *?)i($ ?+ i+()(@ *+), $i) &)(i%+) 6i6*/i%&)3@ *+, 3*&'$,6 $*(i3 *( ($ *&)i+' i+/i,+() i($ $i/$ ($ 0%/,i+') i+()0),. A%&( i6 %:/3%/? %+ ($ )* *(+%%+ I $*00+, (%

)i((i+' i($ C%& $+ ($i) %*+ *)?, (% ) $i. *i+' i($

)*(i)*/(i%+@ )$ *) )$%+ i+(% ($ %%. S$ 0%(, ($*( %+ 3*6i+'($ /3i+i/ )$ $*, '%+ (% * )(*&*+( i+ ($ (%+ *+, %,, * (*3,:$( 3&+/$%+. C%+)/i+(i%&)3 )$ $*, 0*(*?+ % 6 /%&)% ($ $%) ,:%&6) (% ($ /*4 +%i. T$ *3 $*, + /%+/3&,,*( 1.!<@ *+, )$ $*, )% * 0i+/, +% (*/ % ,i)/%%(. A ,*) 3*( ($i) %*+ (&+, (% ($ /3i+i/ (% 0%( ($*( ($ ,)00)i*$*, )$%+ +% )i'+) % *00*i+' ($*( $ $*3($ *+, )0ii() i0%6i+'@ *+, ($*( )$ 3%%?, &0%+ $)3 *) /&,.

12




O+ *+%($ %//*)i%+ %+ % ($ 0*(i+() /%03*i+, % *)($*.T$ 0*%)) ,)(%, $i) )30 *( +i'$( *+, 06+(, $i %

0%i+' *+ (*)? $i/$ +(*i3, (i%+. W*3?i+' &0)(*i) *) *)3% 0%/)) *((+,, /%+)i,*3 ,i)()). T$ 0i+( i($($ $*+,) *) )% )&//))&33 0%, ($*( C%&4 *))&, $i %i,i*( 3i.

:% %& '%@: $ )*i,@ :%& i33 &+ &0 *+, ,%+ ($%) )(*i)i($%&( )&i+' *+ i+/%+6+i+/.:

A( ($ /3%) % ($ /%+)&3(*(i%+@ &+, ($ i+3&+/ % ($)&'')(i%+ :I /*+:@ ($ 0*(i+( ,i, ($i) i($%&( ,ii/&3(. T$*( +i'$( ($(%&3 /&, i+ * i3, %@ &( $ /%+(i+&, (% *((+, ($ /3i+i/*+, (% 0*/(i/ ($ /i)) *( $%@ *+, i($i+ * %(+i'$( ($ *)($*$*, i+*33 3( $i.

A%+' %($ 0*(i+() i($ $% I /%+6), *) * %&+'*+ )&i+' % /&6*(& % ($ )0i+. H $*, + *((+,i+' ($/3i+i/ % %& %+($) *+, 0*/(i/i+' ($ ($%, *( $%. Hi) ,%/(%*))&, $i ($*( ($ )0i+ *) '*,&*33 )&i+' i() +%*3 0%)i(i%+.A 'i3 % (+(-(% $*, )&, % /$i3,$%%, i($ 0i30(i/ i()@/&i+' *( i+(6*3) % * ?). Si+/ $ i)( 6i)i( (% ($ /3i+i/)i %+($) 06i%&)3 ($ i() $*, /*),.

&( ($ )%&+,)( ()(i%+ (% ($ 0% % I+,&/,A&(%)&'')(i%+ i) ($*( %+ ($ 0*(i+() ($)36). H * * /*)) 0)%+*33 0%(, (% i($ 3(( % i+ /%+6)*(i%+

A *+ % )i(-($ $*, )&, % % ($*+ ($i( *)% *)($* *+, *33 ($ /%03i/*(i%+) *((+,*+( &0%+ i(. H %&3,)0+, ($-&*() % ($ +i'$( )i((i+' &0 i+ ,@ i+$*3i+' ($ &)% *+(i-*)($* 0%,). T$ *((*/?) %//&, *3%)( ,*i3@ )0/i*33$+ ($ *($ *) /%3, *+, ,*0 $ *) &+*3 (% (*? *+

127




/i)@ *+, %&+, i( i0%))i3 6+ (% *3? ,%+ $i33. A( '&3**((+,*+/ *( ($ /3i+i/ *+, 0*/(i/i+' ($ ($%, *( $%@ $0i+/, )% '*( *+ i0%6+( ($*( $ :0&( ($ 0%,) ** i+* ,*: *+, /%&3, %&+( ($ )(*i) (% ($ i)( 3%% i($%&( ($)3i'$()( ,ii/&3( % ,i)/%%(.

F% %&(+ *) * %*+ $*, )&, % ,i0)%*+i*. S$$*, (i, *+ %) % (*(+( &( i($%&( )&//)). S$ /* )%,i)/%&*', ($*( )$ *((0(, &+)&//))&33 (% /%i( )&i/i,@ *+,$+@ )$%(3 *(*,)@ * i+, /%+,, $ (% 0* * 6i)i( (%C%&4@ )$ *', %+ ($ 0)) &+,)(*+,i+' ($*( &+3)) )$ ,i6,

+i( % $i) (*(+( )$ %&3, i+*33 0&( *+ +, (% * 3i $i/$$*, /% *+ i+(%3*3 &,+. A( * 6i)i() *//%0*+i, $% (*(+(@ )$ *) *)(%+i)$, (% i+, ($*( ($ /*6i+' $*, 3($. S$ '*+ (% +% /*3 *+, 0*/&3 +i'$() $ /))i6/i(*i3i( '*6 * (% * (*+&i3 * % i+, i+ */( )$ /*3i(*33 * /$*+', %*+.

A %*+@ $% $*, )&, % i'$( *) % 0%3*0) %($ &(&)@ 6i)i(, C%&4 *+, /%+(i+&, (% *003 $i) ($%, *( $(&+ $%. Fi6 %+($) *( $ i)( 6i)i(@ $ ,%/(% /%+i, ($*()$ *) /%03(3 /&,.

N6%&) ,i)%,) +*(&*33 i'& i,3 *%+' ($ /&)/(, C%&4. O+ )&/$ )& 0%(, *) %33%) :I &), (% 3*) ($%&'$ I $*, * *+, % i%+ */%)) %$*, $i/$ ), (% ,-$%( *,,, (% ($i)@ I $*, $*(&+ *+, *, +i'$() i($ *&3,*) &($@ I *) )&/( (% )6 +6%&) *((*/?) $i/$ +( %+% %+($). I 3( *) ($%&'$ 0') i+' ,i6+ i+(% ($ )i,) % +/?@ *+, $+ I 3( I /%&3, +%( +,& ($) *'%+i) *+ 3%+'@* 3i+' %&3, /% *) i *i+ i+' )%($, i+ *

3*+?(. A33 ($) 0*i+) /* *+, +(. I $*, )%(i) %+@)%(i) %($). T$ %//*)i%+) $+ I *+(, (% ,i)&i+') )% */&(@ *+, I $*, (% )(&''3 *'*i+)( ($ i,* i($

128




'*( i+)). .. . A( 3*)(@ $*6i+' )0+( i6 ?) *( N*+/ *((+,i+'%& ?i+,3 )i((i+')@ I $*6 0%i(, )% 33 *) (% *3 (% (&+$% i+ * )(*( % +%*3 $*3($.:

I( * %/(, ($*( ($) /&) * % * (0%* +*(&%+3. H@ $%6@ i) *+ (*/( % * 3(( (% C%&4 % * *+$% /*&(i%&)3 0%)(0%+, &,'+( &+(i3 $ *) *3 (% )*(i)$i)3 %+ ($i) 6 0%i+( :M i *+, I $*6 *i(, +*3 * * (%($*+? %& % ($ *63%&) /& $i/$ %& ($%, $*)*//%03i)$,. T$ 6 6i%3+( *((*/?) % *)($* % $i/$ i)&, $*6 /%03(3 ,i)*00*, )i+/ ($ 6i)i( %& 0*i, &) 3*)()0i+'. T$ i)( ?) i 0i+/, (0%* %00))i%+*+, 6+ ($ 'i++i+') % *+ *((*/?@ $i/$@ $%6@ )$ *) *3 (%*, % i($i+ * i+&() 0*/(i/i+' *&(%)&'')(i%+. I+ )0i( %$ '*( ,)i (% ($*+? %& )%%+@ i i)$, (% *,, %i'$( (% $ ()(i%+ *i(i+' % +*3 * *. &( ($ *, (i% *)($* $*) +%( %&'$( ($ )3i'$()( $i+( % ($ (i3 *((*/?) %

$i/$ %& $*6 )*6, $.:

A *+ /* (% C%&4 )&i+' % 3%/*3 (&/&3%)i). H $*,*3*, $*, %& %0*(i%+) %+ $i) 3( 3' *+, )6*3 ,%/(%) $%$ /%+)&3(, *,6i), ($ +/))i( % * i($. T$ 3' *) (% %0+,% ($ ?+ (% ($ *+?3@ *+, i ($i) (*(+( *i3, ($ *) +%*3(+*(i6 (% *0&(*(i%+. A( %+3 ($ 6i)i() (% C%&4:) /3i+i/

*//%0*+i, ($ 0*/(i/ % $i) ($%, *( $%@ ($ 0*(i+( (%3,$i ($*( $ 3i6, $ *) /%03(3 /&,. A &($/%&+i/*(i%+ % ($ 0*(i+( )% %+($) 3*( /%+i, ($*( ($,%/(%) *', ($*( ($ *) +% 3%+' *+ +, % *+ %0*(i%+ *)($ (&/&3%&) /%+,i(i%+ ), (% $*6 :0*)), % i()3:.

H i) *+ (*/( % * 3(( (% C%&4 % *+ E+'3i)$

0*(i+(. I( )0*?) % i()3

129




:I /*++%( 3*6 F*+/ i($%&( 3((i+' %& ?+% $% '*(&3 I3 % ($ i+) )6i/ %& $*6 +,, *+, i+. I %+3i)$ I $*, ( %& *) *'%. P*/(i/*33 ($%&'$%&( /* /&) $*) + * 3*/? % /%+(i+&%&) )3-/%+(%3.

I $*6 + *//&), % i+' *3%)( i33i*+( *( (i)@ %+3 (% %33%, 0i%,i/ 3*0)) i+(% * /%+,i(i%+ % )i-i/i3i(*+, )3-i+,&3'+/.

I $*6 ,%+ )( (% &i+ * *'+ii/+( /%+)(i(&(i%+@ *+,$*6 *)(, ($ *i3i(i) )(%, &0%+ . I+ * )$%( ,*) %&$*6 *, *+, I 3 0*++(3*)( % )3. H% /*+ I($*+? %& )&i/i+(3

T$ *0i,i( % /%03( /& * $*6 + ,& (% $*(*( ($ (i I '*,, *) *+ &+%(&+*( *//i,+(. S3i00i+' %+ ($)+%-/%6, )(0) % ($ (*i+ $+ *3i'$(i+'@ I )0*i+, i'$(?+ *,3. A( ($ *?*)( (*3@ % 0*i+' %& i)( 6i)i(@ *33%-'&)( )*i, (% T33 M%+)i& C%&4 *%&( i(. H i33 0&( i(*33 i'$(.

I 3*&'$, *+, )*i, U0$> (% )3@ *+, % % ($ &+ %($ ($i+' ($*+ *+($i+' 3) ,i, (33 %&. I %& *?i+'T$*(:) +%($i+'@ *+, 0*))i+' %+ (% ($ % )i%&) 0*( % %&/%+6)*(i%+@ 03ii+* (% /%+/i+' %& 3/(& (% ($*))3, 0*(i+().

I /* % ($*+ i+()(,@ *+, $+ *( ($ /%+/3&)i%+ %&)&,,+3 (&+, %&+, *+, *)?, @ H%:) %& ?+ +%( $*6i+'*33&,, (% ?+) i+ 0*(i/&3*@ *+, I ,i)/%6, ($ *)+:( * ?+@ I3*&'$, *'*i+@ *) ,i, ($%) $% )* $%3 i+(% %& %% &( I3*&'$, ($i) (i % * )+) % i3,, )&0i) *+, ,*+i+'

3i. T$i) 3i %& 6 )%%+ i3 i03*+(, i+ .:

1!<




G. H. L%+,%+ Fi+*33@ $ i) *+ (*/( % * 3(( i((+

i+ 1957 * %*+ % i'$(-i6 (% ($ *&($% % ($i) %%?

:W%,) )i03 *i3 $+ I ( (% 0)) '*(i(&, (%%& % ($ ?+%3,' '*i+, ($%&'$ ($ *,i+' *+, 0&((i+' i+(%

0*/(i/ *33 ($ i+%*(i%+ %& %%? /%+(*i+).

A3($%&'$ I ,i, +%( 6+ *+( (% '( 33@ I 3( i( *) ,& (% )%+ $% I 3%6@ (% ,% *) $ *)?, . I( /* 6@ 6 )3%3@ &)(* i+&() * ? *( i)( *+, ($+ I %? %+ %+i+'(*+)%,. I /*+ &) +% %($ %,.

I * +% 3i6i+' i+ )%+:) *&(i&3 $%@ *33 ($ $%&)$%3,* ($i+?i+' %+ ($ )* 3i+)@ *+, */$ *( ,i+( )(*'). I( i) 3i?

P**,i) (% *( *33 ($%) ,*? *).:

M. H. W*3(%+-%+-T$*)

1!1




C'APT$R : - The Children0s Clinic

IN ,i+( 0*() % F*+/ * 3i((3 *+, % %?)@ /&i(,*3%)( /3&)i63 % ($ *+?) % % 0*(i+()@ $*) 0%0*'*(,($ i,*) % Ei3 C%&4 i($ * )&//)) $i/$ *3%)( i6*3) ($*( %($i *)(. A%+' ($) $30) +%+ *) % ,6%(, % %i++(3 )&//))&3 ($*+ M33 K*&*+(. S$ i( *) $%@ *( ($ (i% 6i)i(@ *) *+*'i+' ($ /$i3,+:) ,0*(+( % ($ N*+//3i+i/.1

W$i3 C%&4 *) $%3,i+' $i) /%+)&3(*(i%+) %+ ($ '%&+, 3%%@%&+' %($) i+ (%) *+, ($)@ i($ ($i *i) i+ ($i *)@/%&3, )+ *)/+,i+' (% ($ &00 )(%@ $ * 3i((3 ,** *)

0%, % * 6 ,i+( +*(& % ($*( '%i+' %+ 3%.

I+ * 3*' %%@ ,/%*(, i($ i'$( 0i/(&) *+, &i00,i($ (%)@ * +& % )i3+( %&+' %+ )*(, i+ * i,/i/3. T$i )i/? /$i3,+ 3* i+ ($i *) % 03*, *( ($i (. H*) * /$i3, $%) 3i *) /$%?, *( ($ )%&/ $,i(* ,i)*)

* )*33 &+,3 % )?i+ *+, %+ i($ 3i) 3i? *%% /*+).A+%($ 3* %(i%+3)) i($ /3%), ) *+, * ,*($3 */@ *) i 0i+i+' (% (&+ (% ($ %3, i( /* %. A 3i((3 /i003 ,*'', $i+, i( * ,%, 3' *) i( (i, (% /*3@ *+, +* * /$i3, % i6*) *(i+' ($ *i i($ i() ($i+ *) i+ *+ $*&)(i+' +6%&) )(%.O3, /$i3,+ *3)% 0)+(@ )&i+' % *+, * (%&3@0i30)@ i/?()@ *+ %+ % ($ *i3+()@ '*6 % )3i'$(@ (% $i/$'%i+' 3i i) )&/(,.

1 Si+/ ($i) (i ;&3 1921 ($ /3i+i/ $*) + i+ )% )0/() %'*+i, *+, M33K*&*+( $*) 0&)&, $ %? i+,0+,+(3.

1!2




I+ ($ /+( % ($i) /i/3 )*( * %&+' %*+ i($ ,*? $*i*+, * ?i+,3 ?+ */. O+ $ 3*0 *) * 3i((3 % % %& *) i($ */3& %%(. A) )$ '+(3 /*)), ($ %%(@ % $i/$ ($ /3&) %%($*, + %6,@ )$ (%3, i+ * /%%+i+' (%+@ i+'3, i($ +,*i+'

0$*))@ % ($ *0i, i0%6+( $i/$ $*, *3*, '&+ *+, %&3,)%%+ /%03(. T$ %%( *) '((i+' (( ($ %i+() %)&003 *+, +( i($ '*( *) ($ &)/3) ,63%0i+'@ ($(+,%+) ,*i+' ($ %%( i+(% ($ i'$( )$*0 *+, *?i+' i()(*i'$( *+, )(%+'. S%%+ i( %&3, 0/(3 +%*3 ($ 3i((3 %+%&3, *3? *+, &+@ 03* i($ %($ /$i3,+@ )?i0 *+, %3 $%%0). H

%&3, '% (% )/$%%3 *+, 3*+ $i) 3))%+)@ %&3, i+(33i'+( *+,/0(i6. S$ (%3, $i (%% ($*( $ *) '%i+' %,i+(@ /$&3@?i+, (% %($)@ (&($&3 *+, /%&*'%&). T$ 3i((3 % $*, 0&( %+ *%&+, $ +/? *+, *) 3i)(+i+' i($ * 03*/i, )i3. Hi) */ *)&i( /%+(+(, $ *) +%i+' $i)3.

W$i3 M33 K*&*+( *) ($&) +'*',@ ($ %+ )*( )i3+(

*(/$i+' $ i+(+(3@ */$ 0$*0) +(*33 )i+' $ %+ 3i((3 %++,%, i($ ($ &*3i(i) ,0i/(,. T$ /$i3,+ &i(@ )%,*i3 3i)(+i+'@ )% (*+&i33 03*i+' i($ * (%. E/0( % *+%//*)i%+*3 %, % *,6i/ M*,%i)33 *) &i( i+,i+( (% ($.H $%3 *((+(i%+ *) 'i6+ (% ($ /$i3, %+ $ ?+ $ ($%&'$()+( %&( (% $i i+ * /%+(i+&*3 )(*@ %+ *3%+' * /&+( % 3%6*+, /%0*))i%+@ % )$ $*) ,6%(, $ 3i (% ($ /$i3,+ *+, 3%6)($ *) i ($ $ %+. T$ *(%)0$ % ($ %% *) %

3i? ($*( % * /$&/$ ($*+ * $%)0i(*3. T$ %($) ), (% $*6 3(($i )%%) %&()i,. T$i */) )$%, i+ 6*i+' ,') *+0))i%+ % &i( /%+i,+/.

W$+ ($i) (*(+( $*, /%+(i+&, % *%&( (+ i+&()@ M33K*&*+( (&+, ($ /$i3, (% i() %($ *+,@ *( 'i6i+' $ * %,) % *,6i/@ (&+, (% $ +( 0*(i+(. T$i) *) *+ i+*+( % 3))

($*+ (36 %+($). W$i3 )&i+' % +% )0/ii/ ,i)*) i( *)/%+(i+&*33 *i3i+'. I( *) 3% +%*3 i'$(@ 6*i%&) %%,) $*, +(i, &+)&//))&33@ *+, ,i/*3 *,6i/ $*, *i3, (% i+' *%&( *+

1!!




i0%6+(. M*,%i)33 )&, $ )*( i($ ($ /$i3, %+ $3*0. F% )% (i ($ /*)))@ $i/$ *003i, (% ($ /$i3,:) $*,*+, %,@ /%+(i+&, i+ )i3+/. T$+ )$ '*+ (% (*3? (% i(. H (*3?,i, +%( /%+)i)( % /%++/(, )+(+/)@ *) i($ ($ 3, /$i3, $% $*,3*+, (% )0*?@ &( % &&, *))&*+/)@ *) i $ ($%&'$() (*?i+' &+/%+)/i%&)3 ($ % % %,). T$) )&'')(i%+) %'+*3 ($*+ i+ ($ 06i%&) /*)@ *i+' %+ *00(i(@ ,i')(i%+@*))ii3*(i%+@ *+, %+ ,)i*3 +(*3 *+, %*3 &*3i(i). T$ /*))/%+(i+&, % *%&( (+ i+&()@ ($ )0/$ *) i+(i((+(@ ($+ ($i+*+( *) (&+, (% i() %($ *+, M*,%i)33 (&+, $

*((+(i%+ (% *+%($ 3i((3 )&.

Wi($ 0*(i+() $% * +%( ( %3, +%&'$ (% )0*? M33K*&*+( )%(i) (&)(, (% ($ /*)) *3%+. I( ), (% (*+)i(($ ($%&'$() % $*3($ &i( )(%+'3 +%&'$ (% (&+ ($ *3*+/ i+ ($/$i3,:) i+, %+ ($ )i, % $*3($. &( *33 %($) (*3? (% ($i /$i3,+3%+' % ($ %,) ($ &) * &+,)(%%,@ *+, M33 K*&i*+(@

$%) *((i(&, *) ))+(i*33 *(+*3@ )6, (% $)3 ($ )*i'$(. S$ *,$, (% +% i'i, &3 i )$ i)$, (% )0*? *3%&, )$ ,i,)%@ 6+ $+ ($ /$i3, /%&3, +%( '*)0 ($ *+i+' % $ %,).

T$i) i) 0$*0) ($ )/( % $ )&//)) $ ($%, i) 03*)(i/3i? ($ i+,) )$ %?, %+. C%&4:) *(i*3($ *,&3( i+,i)% )(*3. I( ,*+,) * /3*-/&(@ ,i)(i+/( ($%,@ *+, 3*6) 3))

%% % *,*0(*(i%+ &( ($ *i % M33 K*&*+( *) (% i33 ($/$i3, i($i+ *+, +*0 i( i($%&( i($ ($ /*(i6 ($%&'$() % $*3($*+, %. T% ($i) +, )$ +3i)(, *+ *+, 6 *+) i($i+ $

0%. T$ /$i3, i()3@ *) )%%+ *) i( i) %3, +%&'$ (% )0*?@ i) &i,(% )*@ %+i+' *+, +i'$(@ ($ '+*3 %&3* :D* ,*@ i+ 6*@ I: '((i+' (( *+, ((.: I i( i) /%+i+, (% i() ,@ i( i)+/%&*', (% 0*( ($i) *( *+ (i *+, (% *? )&'')(i%+) %$*3($ )ii3* (% ($%) %&3*(, i+ ($ )i((i+'). N% )0/i*3 ,i/(i%+)

* 'i6+ *) (% $% ($i) )$%&3, ,%+. E3*%*( i+)(&/(i%+) %&3,%+3 i+(%,&/ $i+,)% /%03i/*(i%+). I*'i+*(i%+@ ($ 0% (% 0(+,@ i) +*(&*33 )(%+' *+, */(i6 i+ *33 /$i3,+@ *+, i+(&i(i63

1!"




($ *? &) % i( i+ ($i *&(%)&'')(i%+). M%%6@ ($&+/%+)/i%&)3 ii(*( ($ (%+ *+, *++ % ($i i+)(&/()).

&( ($ /+( % ($ /$i3,:) &+i6) i) ($ %($. A+ ))($i/$ ,i, +%( &(i3i $ i+3&+/ %&3, 3%)i+' i() %)( 0%&3*33. T$ %($ i) +/%&*', ,&i+' ($ ,* (% )( *+ *03 %/$&3+)) *+, /%+i,+/@ (% *33&, (% ($ *3*, %+3 i+ () %+/%&*'+()% +i+' i+ ($ /$i3,:) i+, ($ 0%)0/( %/%6*+, (% /3&, *) * *) 0%))i3 *33 ,0))i+' i+3&+/)% i() 6i/i+i(. A( +i'$( )$ i) &i, (% +( ($ /$i3,:)

,/$* i($%&( *?i+' ($ 3i((3 %+ *+, (% $i)0 '%%,)&'')(i%+) i+(% i() )30i+' *. T$&) M33 K*&i*+( /%+/+(*(, *&3(i03i/i( % *+) (% i+' *%&( ($ )* )&3(. I+ ($i) )$ *)*i,, ($ ( *//0(i6i( % ($ /$i3,:) i+,@ *+, ($*)+/ % ($*( *)) % 0+i/i%&) )0%+(*+%&) )&'')(i%+) $i/$ i+($ *,&3( i+, $*6 (% +&(*3i, *+, (*+)%,. I( i) i+ /$i3,+@($+@ ($*( ($ %)( +/%&*'i+' )&3() * 0/(,@ I i33 &%(

($ /*)) $i/$ I )3 i+6)(i'*(, (% )$% ($ ?i+, % )&3()M33 K*&*+( %(*i+,

A 3i((3 'i3 *) %+ i($%&( ($ 0% % )i'$(. T$ 6i)&*3%'*+) i+(*/( &( )$ *) i+/*0*3 % 3i(i+'@ $ -3i,)@ *+, )%*i+, 3i+, (% *33 i+(+() *+, 0&0%)) &0 (% $ )6+($ *. S$*) ($+ %&'$( ($ %($ (% M33 K*&*+(. A( * %(+i'$(:)

(*(+( ($ /$i3, '*+ (% 3i+? '*,&*33 ($i) */(i%+ /* %&+(@ *+, * %+($ *( ($ (*(+( '*+ )$ /%&3, ) 33+%&'$ (% i+, $ * &+*i,, *%&( ($ )((). W$+ I )* $ )$$*, 3*+( (% ,i)(i+'&i)$ /%3%)*) %+ 0i+() 0%6,*+,*) */(&*33 03*i+' *33. T$ ,(*i3) )&003i, M33 K*&*+( /%+i, ($ %($.

A /$i3, *) %+ $%) (&/&3%&) *($ $*, ,i, ,&i+' ($%($:) 0'+*+/. O i6 %($) *+, )i)() +%+ $*, )&6i6, ($i)( *. T$ ,%/(%) (% $% ($ /$i3, *) (*?+ $3, %&( +% $%0

1!5




% i() 3i. I( )&6i6,@ $%6@ (% ($ *' % (%@ &( *) /i003,*+, +*3 3i+,@ i+ *,,i(i%+ (% i+(+*3 *?+)))). I( *) ($+

%&'$( (% M33 K*&*+(. T$ %+($) 3*(@ $+ I )* i(@ +%($i+'*i+, % i() (%&3) &( * )3i'$( )&i+( *+, * )(i+)) i+ %+ % i()?+-%i+(). T$) /%+,i(i%+)@ (%%@ *0i,3 ,ii+i)$i+'.

A+%($ /$i3,@ *%&( +i+ *) % *'@ *3)% % (&/&3%&) 0*+()@ *) 03*/, &+, $ (*(+(. O+ 3' *) *+ i+/$ *+, *$*3 )$%( ($*+ ($ %($. A( * %+($): (*(+( ($i) ,i)0*i($*, *3%)( ,i)*00*,. T$ )* /$i3, $*, * %&+,@ % (&/&3%&)%i'i+@ %+ ($ )*33 % ($ */?@ $i/$ $*3, %6 i+ * ?) *+,$*, /%03(3 ,i)*00*, $+ I )* $.

I+ */$ % ($ *%6 /*)) ($ '+*3 )(*( % $*3($ )$%, *'*( i0%6+(. T$ /$i3, 0&( %+ i'$(@ *) /$&3 *+, i'$(6+ &+, ($ (i+' /%+,i(i%+) % /%+6*3)/+/ i+ * 0%6(-)(i/?+ $%@ *+, i+ /$**/( *+, ,i)0%)i(i%+ &33 *3i, ($)&'')(i%+) %&3*(, (% i(.

Si+/ ($ )&'')(i%+) % M33 K*&*+( *003i,i+,i6i,&*33@ ($ %($) 0i((, (% +( *+, 3*6 ($ /3i+i/*( *+ (i ($ i)$,. M*,%i)33 *) 0)+( %+ /(*i+ ,*)6 ?@ &( ($i) *) +%( ($ )& % $ 3*%) T$ '*( 0*( %

$ )0* (i *) )0+( i+ 6i)i(i+' ($ 3i((3 %+) i+ ($i %+ $%).S$ 0+(*(, i+(% ($ ,i+'i)( (++()@ ($ 0%%)( )3&)@ %+ ($i)*+, % /. I *) *3 (% *//%0*+ $ %+ )6*3 % ($)6i)i()@ *+, )* $ 6$ /i6, +%( %+3 i($ 3/%@ &(i($ * )0/( *?i+ (% *. S$ *) '*,,@ *3%)( *) &/$ *) C%&4$i)3@ *) * %? % i*/3). &( ($ 0&(*(i%+ % %($ C%&4 *+,M33 K*&*+( )() %+ * %*, *)i) 6+ ($*+ *&(%)&'')(i%+@+*3 %+ ($i '*( '%%,+)) % $*(.

T$ %($ 03*/, +%( %+3 ($i 0i6*( *+)@ &( ($i $%33i *( ($ )6i/ % %($). Ni($ 6 *//0(, * 0++-0i/ %

1!




($ (*(+() ($ '*6@ *+, I $*6 +6 )+ C%&4 &) (% 'i6 *(*(+( *( $%6 *?*, *+ $%& ($ )&/( * $*6 *)?, i(.T$ * % ($ )/$%%3 &i/?3 )0*, (% *33 0*() +%( %+3 % F*+/@

&( % E&%0 *+, Ai/*. C%&4:) %? ($+ *))&, )&/$ 0%0%(i%+) ($*( $i) (i *) (*?+ &0 %(+ (% ($ (+( % i(+ %)i(+ $%&) * ,*. E6+ $+ +*i+' $i) )6+(i($ *@ ($*+?) (%($ $*3($-'i6i+' 0%) % $i) %+ ($%,@ $ *) *3 (% ?0**)( % $i) %? i($%&( *+ )i'+ % *(i'& *+, i($%&( $i)$*i(&*3 /$&3+)) i+' /3%&,, 6+ ($ )*33)( /%03*i+(. I+*/(@ $ *) * 3i6i+' %+&+( (% ($ i/*/ % I+,&/,

A&(%)&'')(i%+.

I( i33 )+ ($*( I+,&/, A&(%)&'')(i%+ i) * ($%, $i/$ ($ i+, /*+ */( ,i/(3 &0%+ i()3 *+, &0%+ ($ %, (%

0%,&/ $*(6 i0%6+()@ i+ *)%+@ ,)i. T$*( i( i)i/i+( *+, )&//))&3 )$%&3, *+i)( % $*( $*) '%+ %.O *33 ($ &)(i%+) $i/$ *i)@ ($ %)( &'+( % ($ 6i0%i+( %

($ *6*' *+ )) (% ($i)I) * )&'')( +/))* M&)( %+)&i( %+)3 (% ($ i+3&+/ % )% %($ 0)%+@ % /*+ %+/i) ($i) 0%(+( i+)(&+( % $*3($ i+ ($ 0i6*/ % %+:) %+/$*

C%&4:) %+ %0i+i%+ $*) *3*, + &%(,. I+,&/,A&(%)&'')(i%+ i) +%( ,0+,+( &0%+ ($ ,i*(i%+ % *+%($

0)%+. W /*+ 0*/(i/ i( % %&)36) i($%&( %($) i+' 6+** % $*( * ,%i+'@ *+, i($%&( ,6%(i+' (% i( % ($*+ * i+&() % */$ ,*. I( &)( *,i((, $%6 ($*( )%

0%03 $*6 * &/$ '*( *0(i(&, % 0*/(i/i+' *&(%)&'')(i%+ ($*+%($). W$ ,ii/&3(i) * +/%&+(,@ ($ * '+*33@ *) i+ )%*+ %($ ,0*(+() % 3i@ )3-+'+,,@ *+, /*+ )(%6/% ,&/i+' ($ ($%, (% i() )i03)( % *+, &)i+' ($'+*3 %&3* *3%+.

1!7




H * * &%(*(i%+) % 3(() i((+ ($%) $%$*6 ($&) 0*/(i/, i( % ($)36).

:F% * '%%, *+ *) +% * $&*(i/ i'$( )$%&3, $*)*, i( i0%))i3 % (% )30 %+ i'$( )i, *+, i( )i%&)3*/(,@ *+, i+/*)i+'3 )%@ ($ &) % i'$( *. A *))&) (%3, )$ /%&3, /( +% 0*++( i0%6+( *) ($ *)'*+&3*(i%+ % ($ %i+() *+, * 3)i%+. I )&,,+3 *3i, (% ,*) *'%($*( ($i) )$%&3, +% 3%+' (%&3, *+, ($*( I *) )30i+' %+ ($*()i, i($%&( *+ 0*i+. I $*6 +% 3%)( *+ )+)*(i%+ % $&*(i) i+($i) )$%&3, *+, /*+ '( i'$( * */? *) * *) ($ %($ i($%&(($ )3i'$()( (i+' % ,i)/%%(. I $*6 +%( *003i, *+ , %,%+ *+($i+' ($*( /%&3, 0%))i3 $*6 %?, ($) )&3() /0(

0*/(i/ % C%&4.:

L. S. Si,%&($@ D6%+.

:A( )&'')(i%+ * 3*, i+, % i+ $% $*, + i33 % *'%%, (+ *) *, L* M*_(i) , )%i-. I +/%&*', $ *) 33*) I /%&3,@ *+, i+ * %+($ )$ *) (*+)%,. H $&)*+,@(&+i+' % * 3%+' %&+@ /%&3, +%( 3i6 $i) ). T$i) %*+$% +6 '%( &0 (i33 i,,*@ $% +6 3( ($ i-)i,@ $% ($,%/(%) $*, 'i6+ &0@ +% '%) %&( *( 1< *.. 6+ i+ ($ /%3,)(

*($. O($ i+,) * *+i%&)3 *i(i+' (% *, %& 0*0$3(.:

L. C. P*i) :I * 6 &/$ i+()(, i+ %& ($%,@ *+,)i+/ %& 3/(& I $*6@ 6 +i'$( *+, %+i+'@ 0*(, %& 3i((3

0$*). I &), (% $*6 (% (*? * 0i33 6 +i'$(@ &( +% /%+)(i0*(i%+ i) /&, *+, ($ 0i33) * +% 3%+' +/))*. M i i)*3)% &/$ (( i+ 6 *. W:6 %($ '%( ($ i( % )(i+' i($

(+( ?+%().:

1!8




H. * L%+,%+ ,%/(% :Y%& ($%, i) ,%i+' % '%%,6 ,*. I ,%+:( ?+% $% (% ($*+? %& % ($ $*00i+)) I +%0i+/. I )$*33 +6 'i6 &0 0*(i+' ($ 3i((3 0$*).:

E. . G&i46*i+ 3'i& :I $*6 %33%, %& 0i+/i03) %)6*3 %+($) *+, , )3 % * (i3 )(*( % +&*)($+i*$i/$ *) ($ ,)0*i % ($ ,%/(%).:

G. A+'%&3` :M i+, Mi)) C. /%03(3 /&, $)3% * $&*(i/ )$%&3, *+, ?+ i+ * 6 )$%( (i@ *+, ($+

0%/,, (% (&+ $ *((+(i%+ (% $ )i'$(.

S$ $*, %+ )0/(*/3) % !< *) *+, $ 3( *)&/$ % )$%(-)i'$(, ($*+ $ i'$(. W$+ )$ '*+ )$ /%&3,%+3 *, i($%&( $ '3*))) *+, i($ $ 3( @ $+ ($ %%?*) *3%)( (%&/$i+' $ */. I+ )i ?) )$ $*, (+,, ($ 3ii(% 6i)i%+ )% ($*( )$ )* *) * i($ ($ 3( *) %3 i($ ($ i'$(.M*+$i3 ($ i'$( $*, i0%6, &*33. S$ *)&, ($,i)(*+/) 6 ?@ *+, $+ )$ *) $ * ,*) *'% )$ (%3, )$ $*, i+ ($ ,*) '*i+, " /+(i() i($ $ 3( *+, /+(i() i($ $ i'$( . S$ $*, ,%+ ($i) %+ $ %+.:

G. L%+,%+

1!9




. T'$ 3AT2R$ /1 A2T/S2$ST/3

C'APT$R : - Thought is a 1orce

AUTOSUGGESTION i) +%( * 0)&,%-3i'i%+ 3i? C$i)(i*+S/i+/ % :N T$%&'$(:. I( i) * )/i+(ii/ ($%, *), %+ %,+,i)/%6i) i+ ($ *3 % ($ i+,. T$ (*,i(i%+*3 0)/$%3%' *)'*,, ($ 3**+@ +%( i($%&( )% /*&)@ *) * ,&33 *+,)i+'3 &)3)) /3*))ii/*(i%+ % %& /%+)/i%&) */&3(i). &( i($i+($ 0*)( i( *) ($ )/i+/ $*) &+,'%+ * '*( /$*+'. A6%3&(i%+ $*) (*?+ 03*/ i+ i( $i/$ )) 3i?3 (% 0%6%? *

6%3&(i%+ &*33 0%%&+, i+ ($ i, 3ii() % %& /%%+ 3i.F% * 0-%//&0*(i%+ i($ ($ /%+)/i%&) i( $*) (&+, (% ($U+/%+)/i%&) % )&/%+)/i%&)@ (% ($ 6*)( ** % +(*3 */(i6i($i/$ i)() %&()i, ($ /i/3 % %& **+)). I+ ,%i+' )% i( $*)'*)0, *( ($ 6 %%() % 3i i()3@ $*) '%0, ,%+ (%*, ($,0($) $ ($ :3i-%/:@ ($ 3*+ 6i(*3@ (%&/$) %& i+,i6i,&*3

i+'. W$*( ($i) * +(*i3 i+ ($ &(& /*+ %+3 ,i3 '&)). ;&)(*) ($ ,i)/%6 % Ai/* *3(, ($ *3*+/ % ($ O3, W%3,@

)$i(i+' i( )(*, (% ($ )$%) % ($ A(3*+(i/@ )% ($ ,i)/%6 *+,i+6)(i'*(i%+ % ($ U+/%+)/i%&) * 33 ,)(i+, (% )$i( ($ *3*+/ % $&*+ 3i.

O6i%&)3@ ($i) i) +% 03*/ (% *? %+ ($ ,i)/&))i%+ % )%/%03 * )&/(. T$ i+6)(i'*(i%+ % ($ U+/%+)/i%&) i) * )/i+/ i+i()3@ i+ $i/$ ,i+( )/$%%3) % ($%&'$( * )?i+' (% ,i)+'*' *

*)i) % */( % /%+3i/(i+' *+, &+(3 /$*+'i+' ($%i). &(($ i) * /(*i+ %, % */(@ 0i+(*33 0%6+@ %+ $i/$ ($

1"<




*&($%i(i) *'@ *+, % ($i) &%( * *(&) $i/$ ,i/(3i+()( &) *) )(&,+() % *&(%)&'')(i%+.

T$ U+/%+)/i%&) i) ($ )(%$%&) % %@ $ 6i0))i%+ /i6 % *3i)( i+*+/ (% ($ 3*)( $%& % 3i i)/%,, i($ ($ i+&()( *//&*/. T$) %i)@ $%6@ *+%( i+( *+, &i)/+(@ 3i? ($ *?) %+ ($ ,i)/) % * '*%0$%+($ * 6i(*33 */(i6@ */$ %+ %i+' * ($*, i+ ($ ((& % %&

0)%+*3i(. A33 ($) i0))i%+) /%i+ (% $30 *? &0 ($ *+$i)3@ ($ '%@ ($ % ($%&'$ $i/$ ($ '+*3 3i i) +%i+,i6i,&*3i,. T$ %&( *+ i) &( * *)? ($ *3 )3 ,33)

$i+, ($ 6i3 % ($ U+/%+)/i%&).

T$ U+/%+)/i%&) i) *3)% * 0%-$%&). I( i) ($ )*( % ($i+)(i+/(i6 %(i%+)@ *+, ($) 0%6i, ($ %/ $i/$ i03) %&3i6). A) P%))% M/D%&'*33 )*) :T$ i+)(i+/(i6 i0&3)),(i+ ($ +,) % *33 */(i6i(i) *+, )&003 ($ ,i6i+' 0% $i/$ *33 +(*3 */(i6i(i) * )&)(*i+,.:1

Fi+*33 ($ U+/%+)/i%&) 03*) ($ 0*( % )&06i)% %6 %& 0$)i/*3 0%/))). Di')(i%+@ *))ii3*(i%+@ ($ /i/&3*(i%+ % ($ 3%%,@ ($ */(i%+ % ($ 3&+')@ ($ ?i,+) *+, *33 ($ 6i(*3 %'*+) */%+(%33, i() *'+/. O& %'*+i) i) +%( * /3%/?%? */$i+

$i/$ %+/ %&+, &0 i33 &+ i()3. I() 0%/))) i+ *33 ($i/%03i( * )&06i), ($ i+,. I( i) +%( ($ i+(33/(@ $%6@$i/$ ,%) ($i) %?@ &( ($ U+/%+)/i%&). T$ i+(33/( )(i33 )(*+,)

*3, ($ 0%3 % ($ $&*+ %,@ 3%)( 3i? P*)/*3 i+ ($ 0%&+,i(i) % *+*3)i)@ */$ ,i)/%6 %+3 6*3i+' + ,0($) %)(.

1 A+ I+(%,&/(i%+ (% S%/i*3 P)/$%3%'@ i(+($ ,.@ 192<@ 0. "".

1"1




I( * *,,, ($*( ($ U+/%+)/i%&) +6 )30) ,&i+' ($)30 % ($ /%+)/i%&) i( )) (% % 6i'i3*+( ($*+ ,&i+' %&*?i+' $%&).

I+ /%0*i)%+ i($ ($)@ ($ 0%) % ($ /%+)/i%&) i+,) *3%)( i+)i'+ii/*+(. Di6, % ($ U+/%+)/i%&) ,&i+' ($

0%/)) % 6%3&(i%+@ ($ /%+)/i%&) i)@ *) i( @ ($ *+(/$*$ ($ /&, +'i) % ($ U+/%+)/i%&) * )3/(, *+, *,*0(,% */(i%+ %+ ($ %3, %&()i, &). I+ ($ 0*)( $*6 &+,&3*''*(, ($ i0%(*+/ % ($ /%+)/i%&) i+(33/(. T% /3*i % i(($ ,i)/%6i) % /i6i3i*(i%+ i) (% /%+&) ($ i+)(&+( i($ ($*'+(@ (% *((i&( )i'$( (% ($ i3,-'3*)) i+)(*, % (% ($ $i+, i(.T$ 6*3& % ($ /%+)/i%&) i+, &)( +%( &+,*(, $%6. I( i)* */$i+ % ($ '*()( 6*3&@ ($ )*( % *)%+@ % ($ ($i/*3 )+)@% )3-/%+)/i%&)+)) *+, *(i)(i/ *00/i*(i%+. &( i( i) * */$i+ *+,+%( ($ +'i+@ +% ( ($ +'i+. I( 0%6i,) +i($ *(i*3 +%

0%. T$) * &+i)$, ($ U+/%+)/i%&).

T$) (% )(*(* % +(*3 3i * i+ 00(&*3 i+(*/(i%+ %+i($ ($ %($. ;&)( *) 6($i+' /%+)/i%&) $*) i() 03ii+* )(0 i+($ U+/%+)/i%&)@ )% 6 /%+)/i%&) ($%&'$( 0*))) ,%+ i+(% ($3% )(*(& *+, ($ /%) *+ 3+( i+ %& i+'@ 0*(*?i+' %($ U+/%+)/i%&) +'@ *+, 03*i+' i() 0*( i+ )&06i)i+' *+,,(i+i+' %& +(*3 *+, %,i3 )(*(). I i( i) * $*3($&3 ($%&'$(

* )% &/$ ($ (( i i( i) * ,i)*), %+ * )% &/$ ($%). I( i) ($i) (*+)%*(i%+ % * ($%&'$( i+(% *+ 3+( % %& 3i($*( /*33 A&(%)&'')(i%+. Si+/ ($i) i) * +%*3 0*( % ($ i+,:)*/(i%+ )$*33 $*6 +% ,ii/&3( i+ i+,i+' 6i,+/ % i( i+ %& ,*i30i+/).

W*3?i+' ,%+ ($ )(( i+ * '3%% * % i+, %& ( *

&%*+(@ /$ */&*i+(*+/. T$ )i'$( % $i) '+i*3 )i3 */()%+ %& 3i? * (%+i/@ *+, $+ %& $*6 /$*((, i($ $i % * i+&() %& '3%% $*) ,i)*00*,@ 'i6i+' 03*/ (% * /$&3+))

1"2




*+, /%+i,+/. W$*( $*) /(, ($i) /$*+' N%($i+' %($ ($*+($ i,* i+ %& %+ i+,. A) %& *(/$, $i) */@ 3i)(+, (% $i)'%%,-+*(&, 6%i/@ +%(i/, ($ 03* % $i) )i3@ %& /%+)/i%&) i+,*) %//&0i, ($ i,* % /$&3+)). T$i) i,* %+ i+'(*+), (% ($ U+/%+)/i%&) /* * *3i(@ )% ($*( i($%&( *+3%'i/*3 '%&+,) %& /* /$&3.

F 0%03@ )0/i*33 %&+' 0%03@ * &+*/&*i+(, i($($ /() 0%,&/, $*i+' % *,i+' '$%)(-)(%i). Y%& $*6)0+( ($ 6+i+'@ 3( &) )*@ *( * i+,:) $%&)@ 3i)(+i+' (% (ii+'(*3) % *00*i(i%+). A( * 3*( $%& %& 3*6 ($ i)i, /i/3 (% *?%& * $%. T$ )(*() % * i*', % %& i+, $*6*3i, ($)36) i+ %& U+/%+)/i%&). Y%& (*, 'i+'3 i+ ($,*? 03*/)@ $& 0*)( ($ /$&/$-*, *+, 3 * ,i)(i+/( 3i $+($ 3i'$() % $% /% i+(% 6i. I( i) ($ %3, %*, %& $*6 )% %(+(*6), i($ 0/( &*+ii(@ &( i() /$&3 *))%/i*(i%+) *%63%%?, *+, ($ /%%+)( %/() (i+', i($ ($ /%3% % %&

)&/(i6 )(*(). A&(%)&'')(i%+ /*++%( /$*+' * 0%)( i+(% * )0/(@ &( i %& * 6 i0))i%+*3 i( i33 )% ,i)(%( %& )+)%i0))i%+) ($*( /%%+ )%&+,) ) /$*', i($ )&0+*(&*3)i'+ii/*+/ *+, 6-,* %/() (*? %+ (ii+' )$*0).

I+ */$ % ($ *%6 *03) ($ i,* % * +(*3 )(*( /$&3+)) % **) 0)+(, (% ($ i+,. T$ i,* %+ */$i+'

($ U+/%+)/i%&) /* * *3i( ($*( i) (% )*@ %& */(&*33 /*/$&3 % i'$(+,.

T$ )* 0%/)) i) &/$ *)i (% /%'+i $ ($)&3(*+( )(*( i) +%( +(*3 &( %,i3.

O+ %(+ () 0%03 $% (*? * ,3i'$( i+ ,)/ii+' i($ **3($ % ,(*i3 ($ ,i)%,) i($ $i/$ ($ % ($i i+,) **3i/(,. A )+)i(i6 0)%+ i) /%+,+, )%/i*3 &)*' (% 3i)(+ (%* $*%i+' *//%&+( % )% '*6 *3*,. A) ,(*i3 )&//,) ,(*i3

1"!




($ 3i)(+ 3) * /$i33 ,i)/%%( )(*3i+' %6 $i. H (&+) 0*3@ *?) i+(% * /%3, 0)0i*(i%+@ *+, i) ** % *+ &+03*)*+( )+)*(i%+*( ($ 0i( % ($ )(%*/$. S%(i)@ '+*33 $+ ($ 3i)(+ i) */$i3,@ */(&*3 6%i(i+' % * *i+(i+' i( * +)&. T$) /() *&+,+i*3 0$)i/*3 (% 0%,&/ ($ ($ %'*+i/ 0%/))) &)( $*6

+ )+)i3 ,i)(&,. Y( ($i /*&) 3i) +(i3 i+ ($ i,* %i33+))@ $i/$@ &($3))3 i0)), &0%+ ($ i+,@ *3i) i()3 i+($ U+/%+)/i%&).

T$i) /( * )% 0/i) *) (% 0%,&/ ($ */(&*3)0(%) % ($ ,i)*) ,)/i,. M,i/*3 )(&,+() +'*', i+ ($)(&, % )% 0*(i/&3* *3*, &+(3 ,63%0 i() /$**/(i)(i/)0(%).

E6%+ i) */&*i+(, i($ ($ 0i+/ ?+%+@ *) :)(*'i'$(:. T$ 6i/(i * * +%*3 0)%+@ $*3($ %($ i+ i+, *+,

%,. H * 0%)))) i+ 0i6*( 3i * '%%, 6%i/@ * i+, (i3 i+i,*) *+, * 'i( % 3&+( 0))i%+. H * ?+% &i( )&3 ($*( $i)*&,i+/ i) i+,3 *+, )0*($(i/ (% ($ i,*) $ i)$) (% &+%3,.&( 3( $i %&+( ($ )(0) % * 03*(%. I,i*(3 $i) ?+) 'i+(% (3 *+, $i) $*( (% 0*30i(*( $i) i+, /%) 3*+? %/$*%(i/@ $i) (%+'& *+, 3i0) &) (% * /%$+( )%&+,)@ *+, *(* )(*i+') $ i) %/, (% *? * 3&,i/%&) i($,**3. T$/*&) % ($i) *3i+' 0i+/ 3* i+ ($ ($%&'$() $i/$ %//&0i,

($ )&/(:) i+, % $i) 0&3i/ *00**+/. H *) **i, %*?i+' $i)3 i,i/&3%&). H 0/(, (% 3 &+/%%(*3@ *,($*( $ %&3, %'( $i) )0/$ % &+*3 (% 0)) $i)3. T$)+'*(i6 i,*)@ 0+(*(i+' (% ($ U+/%+)/i%&)@ *3i, ($)36)*+, 0/i)3 $*( $ *, (%%? 03*/.

I %& 3i6 i+ * (%+ %& $*6 0%*3 )+ 0%03 $%@ i+

/*3))3 /%))i+' ($ )((@ i+, ($)36) i+ ,*+' % i+' &+,%+ * 6$i/3. I+ ($i) 0%)i(i%+ ($ )%(i) )(*+, % *+*00/i*3 (i :%%(,:@ *) )*@ :(% ($ )0%(:. T$i) i) /*&) ($

1""




,*+' )) )% /3%) ($*( ($ i*'i+ ($)36) 0%3)) (% 3&,i(. A) )%%+ *) ($i) i,* 'i6) 03*/ (% ($*( % )/*0 ($ '( %&( % ($* *) *)( *) ($ /*+. I ($i i)( i,* 0)i)(,@ $%6@ ($ */(&*3

0%3))+)) )&3(i+' % i( %&3, 3i?i) 0)i)(@ *+, &+3)) ($6$i/3 )(%00, % (&+, *)i, ($ %&3, i+*33i3 &+ %6.

O+ %//*)i%+*33 () 0%03 )&i+' % * +6%&)/%03*i+( ?+%+ *) S( Vi(&):) D*+/. T$ $*6 * ,i)/%+/(i+' $*i(% /%+(%(i+' ($i */)@ )/i+' %&+, ($i +/?) % (i(/$i+' ($i)$%&3,). I( i) * 33-?+%+ */( ($*( ($%) $% /% i+(% /3%)/%+(*/( i($ ($@ 3i6i+' i+ ($ )* $%&) % %?i+' i+ ($ )*%i/@ * 3i*3 (% /%+(*/( ($ )* $*i(@ %(+ 0%i+' ($*/(i%+ i($%&( ($)36) i+' ** % i(. T$i) i) ,& (% ($%0*(i%+ % ($ )* 3*. T$ i,* % ($ $*i(@ i+' 0*(,3

0)+(, (% ($i i+,)@ *3i) i()3@ *+, ($ 'i+ (% 0% *)ii3* %6+( i+ ($i %+ 0)%+).

E*03) % ($i) 3* 0)+( ($)36) *( 6 (&+. H*6%& 6 *)?, %&)3 $ )% 0%03 *i+( *( ($ )i'$( % 3%%,@ %$ *+ % &) (&+ 'i,, $+ 3%%? ,%+ % * '*( $i'$(.

I (&+ (% ($ )&) % +&%)i) i+, )% $%$*6 3%)( ($i 0%) % )0/$ % % 6i)i%+ )%@ 3i? ($ 3*/?)i($

)* i+ C%&4:) /3i+i/@ $% $*6 3%)( ($ &) % ($i 3i) %($))&i+' % * &+/(i%+*3 ,i)(&*+/ % %+ % ($ 6i(*3 %'*+). T$/*&) i+ */$ /*) i) +%($i+' % (*+'i3 ($*+ *+ i,* $i/$ $*)

/% *3i, i+ ($ U+/%+)/i%&) i+,.

T$) i+)(*+/) )$% /3*3 +%&'$ ($*( ($ ($%&'$() ($i+?,% */(&*33 /% *3i(i) i+ ($ U+/%+)/i%&). &( i) ($i) * &+i6)*3

3* %0*(i+' i+ 6 3i@ % 3 )%($i+' /%+(i+'+( *+,%//*)i%+*3 S%(i) i36*+( /$&3+)) )) %+3 (% *?,)0%+,+/ % ,0. C(*i+ (0) % i+,i6i,&*3 * %+3 ii(*(,

($ *+(i/) % * /i/&) /3%+. P$)i/i*+) 3i)(+ (% ($ /i/&)(*+(i*3

1"5




*//%&+() % ($i 0*(i+(): *i3+() i($%&( i+' i+ ($ 3*)(,i)/%0%),. T$) */() ) *( i)( )i'$( *( 6*i*+/ i($ ($ &3.&( ($ * %+3 *00*+( /0(i%+) $i/$ )6 (% ()( *+, 6i i(.T$ 0$)i/*3 % +(*3 /( i+6*i*3 /%)0%+,) i($ ($ i,*

0)+( i+ ($ i+,@ &( ($i) +, +%( i,+(i/*3 i($ ($ ($%&'$(/%&+i/*(, % i($%&(. S%(i) * &,'+( i+(0%)) i()3@% ($ i,* * /*33 &0 *+ *))%/i*(, i,* $i/$ 0%))))) '*(6i(*3i( *+, ($% ,i)3%,') i(. A '3%% 0)%+ $% () */$&3 */&*i+(*+/ * +(*33 /%+(*)( $i)3 i($ ($ 3*((@)((i+' $i) %+ (%&3) )i, ($ %($:) '%%, %(&+@ $i) %+

'%&+,) % ,0))i%+ )i, ($ %($:) '%&+,) % )*(i)*/(i%+.T$&) ($ i,* % $i) %+ &+$*00i+)) i) )(+'($+, *+, )i+?i+' i+(%($ U+/%+)/i%&) *?) )(i33 ,0 ($ ,)0%+,+/ $ 0i+/,

%. I+ ($ )* * ($ ,%/(%@ 3i)(+i+' (% ($ )0(%) % * 0*(i+(@ ,%) +%( *33% ($) ,i)())&3 i,*) (% ,33 i+ $i) /%+)/i%&)i+,. Hi) ($%&'$( 0*))) %+ i,i*(3 (% ($ ,@ (% ($ i,* %($ $30 $ &)( 'i6. N%( %+3 ,%) $ *+i)( ($i) $30&3+)) i+*)%+, */(i%+@ &( *3)%@ U+/%+)/i%&) *3i*(i%+@ i+ $i) 6

*i+' *+, *++. O $i) i+, * /%+/+(*(, %+ ($ )/i+(ii/ *i+') % ($ /*)@ )% ($*( $ i33 i+6%3&+(*i3 (*( ($ 0*(i+( *) *)0/i+ %+ $i/$ (% 0&)& $i) )*/$). T$ )(03*/?0i+/) +% 'i,,i+)) % * i+ )/*3i+' * /$&/$ )0i /*&) ($($%&'$( % ,*+' i) i,i*(3 03*/, ($ ?+%3,' % $i)%+ /3* $*, *+, )& %%(.

T$i) i+') &) (% * 0%i+( $i/$ i) % '*( 0*/(i/*3 i0%(*+/i+ ($ 0%*+/ % /&*(i6 *&(%)&'')(i%+. N% i,* 0)+(, (%($ i+, /*+ *3i i()3 &+3)) ($ i+, *//0() i(.

M%)( % ($ %) *, $i($(% i+ ($i) i3, $*6 + ,& (%($ +'3/( % ($i) &+,*+(*3 */(. I * 0*(i+( i) )&i+' %)6 (%%($*/$ i( i) +%( % ($ )3i'$()( &) (% )* (% $i :Y%& $*6

+% 0*i+.: T$ )(*(+( i) )% '%))3 %00%), (% ($ */( ($*(:*//0(*(i%+: i) i0%))i3. T$ 0*(i+( i33 /( ($ )&'')(i%+@

1"




*i ($ */( % $i) )&i+'@ *+, )%@ *33%i+' $i) /%+)/i%&) i+,(% ,33 %+ i(@ 0%*3 *? i( % i+(+).

W * +% i+ * 0%)i(i%+ (% %&3*( ($ *)i/ 3* %*&(%)&'')(i%+ *) %33%)

E6 i,* $i/$ +() ($ /%+)/i%&) i+,@ i i( i) *//0(, ($ U+/%+)/i%&)@ i) (*+)%, i( i+(% * *3i( *+, %)$+/%($ * 0*++( 3+( i+ %& 3i.

T$i) i) ($ 0%/)) /*33, :S0%+(*+%&) A&(%)&'')(i%+:. I( i) *3* $i/$ ($ i+, % *+ $*) *3*) %?,@ *+, $i/$ *33%& i+,) * %?i+' ,*i3.

T$ *, i33 ) % ($ *03) /i(,@ *+, % %($)

$i/$ $ i33 /%+)(*+(3 (@ ($*( ($ ($%&'$() ($i+? ,(i++%( %+3 %& +(*3 )(*()@ %& )+(i+() *+, %(i%+)@ &( ($,3i/*( */(i%+) *+, *,&)(+() % %& 0$)i/*3 %,i). T3i+'@

0*30i(*(i%+@ )(*i+'@ 3&)$i+'+%( (% )0*? % ($ 0*($%3%'i/*3)(*() $i/$ %//& i+ +&%)i)* ,& (% %,ii/*(i%+) *+, /$*+')i+ ($ 3%%,-3%@ i+ &)/&3* */(i%+ *+, i+ ($ %?i+' % ($ 6i(*3%'*+). T$) /$*+') * +%( 6%3&+(* *+, /%+)/i%&) %+)@ ($ *,(i+, ($ U+/%+)/i%&) *+, /% (% &) %(+ i($ * )$%/? %)&0i).

I( &)( 6i,+( ($*( i i33 %& /%+)/i%&) i+,) i($ i,*)% $*3($@ %@ '%%,+))@ i/i+/@ *+, /*+ +)& ($i *//0(*(i%+

($ U+/%+)/i%&)@ ($) i,*) (%% i33 /% *3i(i)@ /*0*3 %3i(i+' &) %+ (% * + 03*+ % i+'. T$ ,ii/&3( $i/$ $*) $i($(%)% &+(3 %&'$( ($) $%0) (% +*&'$( i) ($*( % +)&i+'*//0(*(i%+. T$i) i33 (*(, i+ ($ +( /$*0(.

1"7




T% )& &0@ ($ $%3 0%/)) % A&(%)&'')(i%+ /%+)i)() %(% )(0) 1 T$ *//0(*(i%+ % *+ i,*. 2 I() (*+)%*(i%+ i+(% **3i(. %($ ($) %0*(i%+) * 0%, ($ U+/%+)/i%&).W$($ ($ i,* i) %i'i+*(, i+ ($ i+, % ($ )&/( % i)

0)+(, % i($%&( ($ *'+/ % *+%($ 0)%+ i) * *(( %i+,i+/. I+ %($ /*)) i( &+,'%) ($ )* 0%/)) i( i))&i((, (% ($ U+/%+)/i%&)@ *//0(, % /(,@ *+, )% i($*3i, % i'+%,. T$&) ($ ,i)(i+/(i%+ (+ A&(%)&'')(i%+ *+,H(%)&'')(i%+ i) )+ (% %($ *i(* *+, )&0i/i*3. I+))+(i*3) *33 )&'')(i%+ i) A&(%)&'')(i%+. T$ %+3 ,i)(i+/(i%+

+, *? i) (+ S0%+(*+%&) A&(%)&'')(i%+@ $i/$ (*?) 03*/i+,0+,+(3 % %& i33 *+, /$%i/@ *+, I+,&/, A&(%)&'')(i%+@ i+$i/$ /%+)/i%&)3 )3/( ($ i,*) i)$ (% *3i *+,

0&0%)3 /%+6 ($ (% ($ U+/%+)/i%&).

1"8




C'APT$R :6 - Thought and the Will

IF /*+ '( ($ U+/%+)/i%&) (% *//0( *+ i,* *3i*(i%+%33%) *&(%*(i/*33. T$ %+3 ,ii/&3( $i/$ /%+%+() &) i+ ($

0*/(i/ % I+,&/, A&(%)&'')(i%+ i) (% +)& *//0(*(i%+@ *+, ($i) i)* ,ii/&3( $i/$ +% ($%, 0i% (% ($*( % Ei3 C%&4 $*))*(i)*/(%i3 )&%&+(,.

E6 i,* $i/$ +() ($ i+, i) /$*',@ (% * '*( %3)) (+(@ i($ %(i%+. T$i) %(i%+*3 /$*' * i0/0(i3@ *) i($ i,*) (% $i/$ * i+,i+(@ % i( * 6 '*(@ *) $+ ($ i,* i) /3%)3 3*(, (% %& 0)%+*3 i+()().A33 ($ i,*) * 3i?3 (% *? ($ )&/() % I+,&/,A&(%)&'')(i%+ * % ($ 3*(( /3*))@ )i+/ ($ (% $*3($@+'@ )&//)) % )% '%*3 &*33 ,* (% %& $*(). T$ '*(($ ,' % %(i%+ *//%0*+i+' *+ i,*@ ($ % 0%(+( i) ($*&(%)&'')(i%+ )&3(i+' % i(. T$&) * %+( % 6i%3+( i'$( *'i6 i) (% /() $i/$ 3*)( * 3i(i. T$i) %(i%+*3 */(% *3)%

03*) * 3*' 0*( i+ )/&i+' *//0(*(i%+.

S% * *) %+ /*+ )@ ($ *//0(*(i%+ % /(i%+ % *+ i,* ($ U+/%+)/i%&) ,0+,) %+ ($ *))%/i*(i%+) i($ $i/$ i( i)/%++/(,. T$&)@ *+ i,* i) *//0(, $+ i( 6%?) )ii3* i,*)/$*', i($ %(i%+ % ($ )* &*3i(. I( i) /(, $+ i( i)*))%/i*(, i($ /%+(* i,*)@ $i/$ * ($% /%+(* i+ ($i%(i%+*3 /$*'. I+ ($ 3*(( /*)@ ($ %i'i+*3 i,* i) +&(*3i, i() *))%/i*(i%+)@ )%$*( i+ ($ )* * *) *+ */i, i) +&(*3i,

*+ *3?*3i. A+ *03 i33 )6 (% *? ($i) /3*.

1"9




Y%& * %+ * /%))-/$*++3 %*( %+ * %&'$i)$ 0*))*'. Y%& '%&0 (% * )*i3% *+, )* (% $i i+ * )0*($(i/ (%+ :M ,* 33%@%&: 3%%?i+' 6 i33. A+:( %& '%i+' (% )*-)i/? : A//%,i+' (%$i) (0*+( $ i($ 3*&'$) *( %& :%?: % 0))) *

0*,%+*3 ii(*(i%+. &( $ ,%) +%( /% )i/? /*&) ($*))%/i*(i%+) /*33, &0 * /%+(* %+). S*-)i/?+)) i) *))%/i*(, i+$i) i+, i($ $i) %+ i&+i( % i(@ *+, ($% 6%?) +%( *

&( )3-/%+i,+/. R&($3))3 0&)&i+' %& 0i+( %&*00%*/$ * (ii,-3%%?i+' 0*))+'. :M ,* )i@ $% i33 %& 3%%?>

I 3 )& %& * '%i+' (% )*-)i/?. L( $30 %& ,%+ 3%.: H (&+) 0*3. T$ %, :)*-)i/?+)): *))%/i*() i()3 i($ $i)%+ *) *+, %%,i+'). H *//0() %& *i, ,%+ (% $i) ($ *+,($ ($ 0+i/i%&) *&(%)&'')(i%+ i) *3i,. I+ ($ i)( /*) ($ i,**) &),@ /*&) i( *) %6$3, * /%+(* *))%/i*(i%+ i+($ )/%+, ($ U+/%+)/i%&) *//0(, i(@ )i+/ i( *) i+%/, )ii3* i,*) % i($i+.

&( )&00%)i+' (% * )i/? i+,@ 0*(, i($ ($%&'$() %,i)*)@ * ($%&'$( % $*3($ i) 0)+(,. H% /*+ *6%i, ($ *3-*))%/i*(i%+ $i/$ (+,) (% +&(*3i i(

W * ($i+? % ($ U+/%+)/i%&) *) * (i, $i/$ ) *+,

3%). I+ )30 i( )) (% )&' ($ /%+)/i%&) *3(%'($@ $i3 *(%& %+() % &33 *?&3+))@ $+ ($ *((+(i%+ *+, i33 * %($*( %?@ ($ (i, i) *( i() 3%)( . (+ ($) (% () **+ +& % i+(,i* 363). W$+ * ,%)@ ,*@3&33, i+(% * '+(3 6i &)i/ % * 0i/(& % * 0%@ ($U+/%+)/i%&) (i, i) $i'$ ($ % *?&3 *+, *3( /% ($3% i( )i+?). T$i) )&)i%+ % ($ /%+)/i%&) i+, i) /*33, *&,%&i+ ($ :O&(/%00i+' % ($ S&/%+)/i%&):. T$ $i'$)( ,'

% %&(/%00i+'@ /%0*(i3 i($ ($ /%+)/i%&) ,i/(i%+ % %&($%&'$()@ %//&) &)( % *33 *)30 *+, &)( *( *?.

15<




I( i) *i3 %6i%&) ($*( ($ '*( ($ %&(/%00i+' ($ %*//))i3 ($) ,+*i/ )(*(* % ($ i+, /%@ *+, ($ *)i i( i)(% i03*+( ($ *+ i,* i)$ (% *3i.

A) ($ U+/%+)/i%&) (i, i)) ($ */(i6 363) % ($ i+, *%63%, ($%&'$( i) 3*), % i() (*)? % )6i+' %& /%+)/i%&)*i) i+ ($ *3 %3, % *((@ *+, %6) *%+' ($ % 0i*3i)$) *+, ,)i) $i/$ 0%03 ($ U+/%+)/i%&)@ 3i? * ,i6 *3?i+'($ )(*+' %3, +*($ ($ )*. &( ($ 3*) $i/$ ($%&'$( i)'%6+, %+ ($i) )&-)&*/ 363 * +%( ($%) % %& %,i+**?i+' /%+)/i%&)+)) D&i+' %&(/%00i+' *))%/i*(i%+ /%+(*i),%) +%( ) *,i3 (% (*? 03*/. T$&) ($ *3-*))%/i*(i%+@ $i/$+&(*3i, ($ ,)i, i,* *+, )% 06+(, *//0(*(i%+@ +% 3%+'

0)+() i()3. W *33 ?+% $*( $*00+) ,&i+' * :,*-,*: %:%+-)(&,@: $+ ($ U+/%+)/i%&) (i, i) $i'$. A )&//))i%+ %

i'$( i*') '3i,) )%%($3 ($%&'$ ($ i+,. T$ %i'i+*3 ($%&'$()0i+) i()3 %+ *+, %+ +% %)(*/3) ) (% )(%0 i(@ +% &)(i%+) %

0%*i3i( *i) * /&( % % ($ */(&*3 /%+,i(i%+) % 3i *+,3i6 i+ * %3, $ *33 ($i+') * 0%))i3. T$) ,*-,*) /*&)6 0%(+( *&(%)&'')(i%+)@ *+, %+ )$%&3, (*? /* ($*( ($ *$%3)% *+, i++%/+( &( ($ i0%(*+( 0%i+( i) ($*( %+ ($i) 363% /%+)/i%&)+)) *))%/i*(i%+ )) (% %0*( )ii3*i(@ *+,%(i%+ i) /%0**(i63 i+(+). T$) /%+,i(i%+) * $i'$3*6%*3 (% *//0(*(i%+.

I@ %+ '((i+' i+(% , *( +i'$(@ *))& * /%%(*3 0%)(&@ 3* %& &)/3) *+, /3%) %& )@ *33 +*(&*33 i+(% *)(*' % )i-/%+)/i%&)+)) *?i+ (% ($*( % ,*-,*i+'. I +% i+(%,&/ i+(% ($ i+, *+ ,)i, i,*@ i( i) , % ($ i+$ii(i+'*))%/i*(i%+) % ,*i3 3i@ *))%/i*() i()3 )ii3*i(@ *+, *((*/()%(i%+ % ($ )* &*3i( *) i() %+ /$*'. T$ U+/%+)/i%&) i)($&) /*&), (% *//0( i(@ *+, i+6i(*3 i( i) (&+, i+(% *+

*&(%)&'')(i%+. E6 (i 0*( ($i) 0%/)) ($ *))%/i*(i6 0% % ($ i,* i) i+/*),@ i() %(i%+*3 6*3& '%) '*(@ *+,($ *&(%)&'')(i%+ )&3(i+' % i( i) % 0%&3. ($i) *+)

151




/*+ i+,&/ ($ U+/%+)/i%&) (% *//0( *+ i,*@ ($ +%*3*))%/i*(i%+) % $i/$ * /%+(* *+, &+*6%*3 T$ 0)%+ i($ *,i)*)-)%*?, i+, /*+ '*,&*33 i03*+( i,*) % $*3($@ i33i+' $i)U+/%+)/i%&) ,*i3 i($ $*3i+' ($%&'$(). T$ i+)(&+( &) i)T$%&'$(@ *+, ($ /%+,i(i%+ ))+(i*3 (% )&//)) i) ($*( ($ /%+)/i%&)i+, )$*33 3&33, (% )(.

S)() $i/$ $i($(% $*6 (i, (% *? &) %*&(%)&'')(i%+ $*6 *i3, (% )/& 3i*3 )&3() /*&) ($ ,i,+%( 03*/ ($i 3i*+/ %+ T$%&'$(@ &( (i, (% /%03 ($U+/%+)/i%&) (% *//0( *+ i,* /i)i+' ($ Wi33. O6i%&)3@ )&/$*((0() * ,%%, (% *i3&. *?i+' %() % ($ i33 *&(%*(i/*33 *? %&)36) &0@ )&00)) ($ +/%*/$i+' (i, % ($U+/%+)/i%&)@ *+, ($ ,)(% ($ /%+,i(i%+ $i/$ *3%+ /*+)&//,.

I( i) %($ %& $i3 (% +%( % /3%)3 $% ($i) $*00+). A)&@ $%) i+, i) i33, i($ ($%&'$() % i33-$*3($@ )i() ,%+ (%/%03 $i)3 (% *//0( * '%%, )&'')(i%+. H /*33) &0 * ($%&'$( %$*3($ *+, *?) *+ %( % ($ i33 (% i0)) i( %+ ($U+/%+)/i%&). T$i) %( )(%) $i (% &33 *?&3+)) *+, )%6%?) ($ /&)(%* *))%/i*(i%+,i)*). C%+)&+(3@ $ i+,)$i)3 /%+(03*(i+' ($ */( %00%)i( % $*( $ ,)i,. H)&%+) $i) i33 *'*i+ *+, /*33) ($ $*3($&3 ($%&'$(@ &( )i+/ $

i) +% i, **? ($*+ 6@ *))%/i*(i%+ i) 6+ % *0i, *+, 0%&3 ($*+ %. T$ ,i)*)-($%&'$( i) +% i+ &33 0%))))i%+ %$i) i+, *+, *33 ($ %() % $i) i33 *i3 (% ,i)3%,' i(. I+,, ($$*, $ )(&''3) ($ % &33 ($ 6i3 ($%&'$( 0%))))) $i.

T$i) 'i6) &) * '3i0) % ($ ,i)/%6 (% $i/$ C%&4:))&//)) i) ,& +*3@ ($*( $+ ($ i33 i) i+ /%+3i/( i($ *+ i,*@

($ i,* i+6*i*3 '*i+) ($ ,*. T$i) i) (&@ % /%&)@ +%( %+3 %I+,&/, A&(%)&'')(i%+@ &( *3)% % ($ )0%+(*+%&) )&'')(i%+)$i/$ %//& i+ ,*i3 3i. A *03) i33 *? ($i) /3*.

152




M%)( % &) ?+% $%@ $+ $*6 )% ,ii/&3( ,&( (%

0%@ * /$*+/ %, % ,i)/%&*'+( i33 ,33 i+ ($ i+,@*(i+' ** %& )3-/%+i,+/ *+, *((&+i+' %& i+,) (% *i3&. A33($ %() % %& i33 *i3 (% ($% i( % i+,,@ ($ % )(&''3*'*i+)( i( ($ % /% %))), i(.

V )ii3* (% ($i) i) ($ )(*( % i+, % ($ 0)%+ )&i+'% )(*'-i'$(. H i) %))), i($ i,*) % *i3&@ *+, *33 ($

%() % $i) i33 * 0%3)) (% %6/% ($. I+,,@ i( i) ($)(*( % %( *+, (+)i%+ $i/$ *?) $i) ,i)/%i(& )% /%03(.

S0%( %) *+ *03) % ($ %?i+' % ($i) 3*.

A (++i) 03* i) +'*', (% 03* i+ *+ i0%(*+( *(/$. H

i)$) % /%&) (% i+@ &( *) ($*( $ i33 3%). E6+ % ($,* % ($ '* $i) *) 'i+ (% *3i ($)36). H i) +6 *+,:%&( % )%():. I+ */(@ ($ U+/%+)/i%&) i) /*(i+' ($ /%+,i(i%+) )()&i(, (% *3i ($ ($%&'$( i+ $i) i+,*i3&. W$+ ($ '*

'i+) $i) )?i33 )) (% $*6 ,)(, $i. H )&%+) ($ )%&/)% $i) i33 *+, (i) (% /%03 $i)3 (% 03* 33@ )(*i+i+' 6+6 (% /*0(& ($ %3, ,(i(. &( *33 $i) %() %+3 *? $i

03* %) *+, %). T$ $*, $ (i) ($ % )i'+*33 $ *i3).

T$ +' $ /*33) &0 %) +%( $i) i33 &( ($ i,* i+ $i) i+,@ +%(($ ,)i (% i+ &( ($ ,%i+*+( ($%&'$( % *i3&.

T$ *(*3 *((*/(i%+ % ($ &+? % ($ +6%&) '%3 i) ,&(% ($ )* /*&). Wi($ $i) i+,:) $ )) $i) *33 *3i'$(i+' i+ ($%)( &+*6%*3 )0%(. H * &) *+ /3& $ 3i?)@ $ * *? *3%+' ,i6 % * )$%( *) 3%+' *) ($ ($%&'$( % ($ &+? ,%i+*()

$i) i+,@ ($ *33 i33 i+6i(*3 i+, i() * (%*,) i(. T$ % $/*33) %+ $i) i33 (% $30 $i@ ($ %) $i) 03i'$( i) 3i?3 (% .S&//)) i) +%( '*i+, %( &( i'$( ($i+?i+'. T$ /$*0i%+

15!




'%3 % (++i) 03* i) +%( * 0)%+ % $/&3*+ * *+, i+)i33-0%. Hi) $%3 3i $*) + ,%i+*(, ($ ($%&'$( %)&//)) i+ ($ '* *( $i/$ $ /3).

Y%&+' 0)%+) )i((i+' % *+ *i+*(i%+ )%(i) &+,'%($i) 0*i+&3 0i+/. O+ *,i+' ($%&'$ ($i 0*0) ($ i+, ($*(*33 ($i ?+%3,' $*) )&,,+3 ,)(, ($. T$i i+, i) *+*00*33i+' 3*+? *+, +%( %+ 36*+( ($%&'$( /*+ ($ /*33. T$ %($ 'i( ($i (($ *+, )&%+ ($ 0%) % ($ i33@ ($ &($ ($,)i, i,*) 3. &( $+ ($ $*6 3( ($ *i+*(i%+ %% *+,($ (+)i%+ 3*)@ ($ i,*) ($ )?i+' 3% (*+(*3ii+'3 */?i+(% ($ i+,. T$i %'(&3+)) *) ,& (% ($%&'$() % *i3&

06i%&)3 +%&i)$, i+ ($ i+,. T$ *003i/*(i%+ % ($ i33 %+3*, ($ ,i)*)( % /%03(.

T$i) 03*i+) ($ *3i+' 0i+/ % ($ ,&' (*?@ ($,&+?*,@ ($ 6i/(i % )% 6i/i%&) /*6i+'. Hi) i+, i) %))), ($ ,)i % )*(i)*/(i%+. T$ %() % ($ i33 (% )(*i+ i( %+3*? i( % %6*)(i+'. R0*(, *i3&) /%+6i+/ $i *( 3+'($($*( $ i) 0%3)) (% /%+(%3 $i)3@ *+, ($i) i,*@ %0*(i+' *) *+*&(%)&'')(i%+@ i+/*)) $i) i0%(+/. S%@ i+ ,)0*i@ $ **+,%+)$i)3 (% $i) %)))i%+@ *+, $i) 3i +,) i+ /?*'.

W /*+ +% )@ +%( %+3 ($*( ($ i33@ i+ ($ )+) % %(@ i)i+/*0*3 % 6*+&i)$i+' * ($%&'$(@ &( ($*( *) *)( *) ($ i33 i+')&0 i() i' '&+)@ ($%&'$( /*0(&) ($ *+, (&+) ($ *'*i+)( i(.

T$i) (&($@ $i/$ *&,%&i+ /*33) ($ L* % R6), E%(@ i)($&) )(*(, C%&4

:W$+ ($ i*'i+*(i%+ *+, ($ i33 * i+ /%+3i/( ($i*'i+*(i%+ i+6*i*3 '*i+) ($ ,*.X :I+ ($ /%+3i/( (+ ($ i33

15"




*+, ($ i*'i+*(i%+@ ($ %/ % ($ i*'i+*(i%+ i) i+ ,i/( *(i% (%($ )&* % ($ i33.:

T$ *($*(i/*3 () * &),@ % /%&)@ %+3(*0$%i/*33.

T$ */() )( %($ i+ ($i) )(*(+( $*6 +%( $i($(% +/$*33+',. T$ *03) /i(, *%6 *+, %& %+ ,*i3 0i+/)*03 0%6 ($ *3i( % ($ 0%/)) 6*3, i+ ($i) 3*. &( )6*3/i(i/)@ i+/3&,i+' D Wi33i* %+@ ($ i)$%0 % M*+/$)( *+, ($D*+ % C$)(@ $*6 %/(, (% ($ () i+ $i/$ i( i) 0)),. I+($i) i+)(*+/ ($ &)(i%+ % (i+%3%' i) )% i0%(*+( ($*( /*++%( *%, (% )$i? i(.

T$ ( i*'i+*(i%+ i)@ 0$*0)@ +%( $%33 * $*00 %+. I( i)+%( ($ i*'i+*(i%+@ :($ */&3( % %i+' i*') i+ ($ i+,:@ $i/$,i/(3 ,(i+) %& *&(%)&'')(i%+)@ &( *($ ($ i*')($)36) i+ %($ %,)@ %& ($%&'$(). I $*6 ($% (*?+ ($3i(@ i+ ($) 0*')@ % )&)(i(&(i+' ($%&'$( % i*'i+*(i%+.

T$ )/%+, ,ii/&3( i) +%( )% *)i3 *6%i,,. T$ ( i33 i)&+%(&+*(3 *i'&%&). T$ i33 * '*,, *) ($ :0&0%)i6)3@: ($ 0)%+*3i( 0&)$i+' %*, *) * &+i( (%*,) * ,)i,'%*3.1 I( i) *+i)( ($*( i ($&) ,i+ ($ i33@ ($ /*+ +%&)(i%+ % /%+3i/( (+ ($ i33 *+, ($%&'$(. I+ ($i) '+*3 )+)($ i33 *+, ($%&'$( /*++%( )0**(,@ % $*6 *, ($ */&3(% ($i+?i+' 0*( % ($ i33. &( %+ &)( ' 3*6 (% ,%&( $($($ 0%0&3* /%+/0(i%+ % ($ i33 i) )% %*, *+, 0$i3%)%0$i/*3 *) ($i).T$ i33 i) '+*33 '*,, *) ($ /3&)i63 ,+*i/ 3+( i+($ 0)%+*3i(@ *+, ($i+? ($*( ($ i33 /*+ /*33, &0 )%3&(

%( (% (*? )i,) $+ ($ i+, i) i+ * )(*( % ,i)*'+( i($i()3@ *+, (% )/& ($ (i&0$ % %+ 3+( i+ %& 0)%+*3i( %6

1 C. ($ D*+ % C$)(@ M. C%&4 *+, $i) G%)03 % H*3($@ 0. 28 :W$+ I )0*? % i33@ I *+ )3 0&0%)i63 ,i/(i+' )3. M i33 i) )3

155




($*( $i/$ %00%)) i(. T$&) i * **i, % )%($i+'@ *? *+%( % i33 (% /*)( %&( ($ * i * (0(, (% * %+' */(i%+@ *? *+ %( % i33 (% /*)( %&( ($ (0(*(i%+. I+ */$ /*) ($%( % i33 (+,) (% *i3 ($ * *+, ($ %+' ,)i * +,,)(i33 % 0%&3 %& %( (% %6/% ($. &(@ +6($3))@i( i) ($i) 0&3 ,+*i/ */(% ($*( ($ :*+ i+ ($ )((: &+,)(*+,)

($ i33 *+, )i+/ C%&4:) '%)03 i) *,,)),@ +%( (% ($ )0/i*3i)(@ &( (% *33 $% $*6 +, % i(@ $ (%%@ &)) ($ %, i+ ($i) 0%0&3*)+). I( i) %6i%&) ($*( C%&4:) /i(i/) *+ ($ i33 $*( C%&4*+) * )+($)i) % i'$( ($%&'$( *+, i33. W$+ *3i ($i)

) ($*( ($ C%&4 ,%/(i+ i) +%( *+ *((*/? &0%+ ($ i33. I( i) *+*((*/? &0%+ ($ %+' )%( % i33@ % *//%,i+' (% %& ,i+i(i%+ %($ ( &0%+ ($ i)&) % ($ i33. I( (*/$) ($*( ($ i33 /*+ &), /(i63 %+3 $+ i( i) (, i+ $*%+ i($ ($ ($%&'$( i+($ i+,@ $+ i( %33%) ($ ,i/(i%+ % ($ ,%i+*+( 0)%+*3i(. :I($ ($ i33 *+, ($%&'$( * i+ $*%+@: $ )*)@ :i )* I i33*+, I /*+@ ($ /%+,i(i%+) * 0/(.:

W$+ ($ i33 *+, ($%&'$( */( $*%+i%&)3@ ($ i) +% i++/%+3i/(@ +% )+) % %( *+, )(*i+@ &( * )+) % $*%+ *+,(i&0$*+( 0%')). &( i ($ i33 i) &), (% i+%/ *+ 3+( i+%& 0)%+*3i( $i/$ i) i+ /%+3i/( i($ %($ 3+() *''*6*(($ ,i))%/i*(i%+@ $*&)( %&)36) i+ &(i3 %(@ *+, +, )(+'($+i+' ($ 6 3+( 0&0%), (% %6($%.

T$i) i)&) % ($ i33 *'*i+)( $i/$ C%&4 *+) &) i) *+%)(*/3 (% )&//)) i+ %& ,*3i+') i($ ($ %&()i, %3,. O//&i+'$+ ($ i+, i) i+ * )(*( % ,i)/%,@ i( )6) %+3 (% i+/*) ($*(,i)/%,@ i((i+' ** %& 6i(*3 +' *+, 3*6i+' &) i0%(+( *+,+3,. I %& i+, i) %))), * % *i3& *33 %& %() (%%6/% ($i) i,* %+3 *? i( % i)i)(i3. W &+ %& $*,)*'*i+)( i( 3i? * '%*( &((i+' * i/? *33. I+,, i+ ($i) * /*+

*'+i ($ )*33)( ,ii/&3( &+(i3 i( /%) i+)&%&+(*3 /*+ *? %3$i33) i+(% %&+(*i+). T$i) i) 0/i)3 $*( ($+&*)($+i/ ,%). T$ i,* % * ,ii/&3( ,33) &+/$*+', i+ $i)

15




i+,@ *+, *33 $i) %() (% %6/% i( %+3 i+/*) i() ,i+)i%+)@&+(i3 i( %60%) $i *+, $ *i+() i+ ($ %( (% /%)) * )((. W$*6 (% *3i ($*( *) 3%+' *) * %))), i($ * % *i3& *33%& %() * &(i3. O& i33 /*+ %+3 %&'$( i+(% /(i6 */(i%+

)&)(i(&(i+' /%+i,+/ % *@ /*3 0/(*+/ % )&//)) %*+i( *+, %. T$ ($%,) $i/$ *&(%)&'')(i%+ /*+ $30 &)(% /( ($i) /$*+' * %&(3i+, i+ )&//,i+' /$*0().

D&i+' ($ */(&*3 0*/(i/ % *&(%)&'')(i%+@ ($ *003i/*(i%+ %%( i) *(*3. A&(%)&'')(i%+ )&//,) $+ ($ i+, i) &33%//&0i, ($ ($%&'$( % ($ i0%6+() +, *+, ,)i. &(($ 0)+/ % i+(+*3 /%+3i/( ,+%() ($*( ($ i+, i) +%( )%%//&0i,. T$ (i%+ % %( ,&i+' *&(%)&'')(i%+ i+ i()3 *'&)($ 0)+/ % *+ %)(*/3 $i/$ +,) (% %6/%. E%(,*+,) %00%)i(i%+ *) * +/))* /%+,i(i%+ % i() i)(+/($%@ i ( (% %/ ($ i+, (% +((*i+ *+, *//0( *+*&(%)&'')(i%+ %(@ **?+ *&(%*(i/*33 $*(6 /%+(*

*))%/i*(i%+) ($ i+, /*+ &+i)$@ *+, )% ,*( %& %+ %/(. T$ 0i* *+, *33-i0%(*+( &3 i+ ($ 0*/(i/ % *&(%)&'')(i%+ i) ($i)A6%i, %(>

O+ %($ i+()(i+' */( ') % *+ *i+*(i%+ % ($%'%i+' *03). I+ */$ /*) i+, ($*( ($ i,* $i/$ %//&0i,($ i+, *) % * i+*3 )(*(@ *+ *//%03i)$, */(. T$ '%3 *)

($i+?i+' % $i) *33 ,%00i+' i+(% ($ &+?@ ($ (++i) 03* % $i),*(@ ($ *i+ % $i) *i3&. I+ */$ /*) ($ U+/%+)/i%&)*3i, ($ ($%&'$( i+ i() %+ *@ /$%) i+6i(*3 ($ *+) )()&i(, (% *i6 *( i() +,($ *3i*(i%+ % ($ i,*. I+ ($ /*) % ($'%3 ($ %)( ,3i/*( 0$)i/*3 *,&)(+() +/))*. S(*+/@'i0 *+, )i+'@ *33 /%+(i&(, ($i &%(*@ &( ($) 0$)i/*3*,&)(+() 0%, &+/%+)/i%&)3@ ($ /%+)/i%&) i+, i+'&+** % ($. F% ($i) ) ($*( +, +%( )&'')( ($ *

i+ $i/$ %& *i i) (% *//%03i)$,. I i33 %& i+, i($ ($($%&'$( % ($ ,)i, +,@ 0%6i,, ($*( +, i) 0%))i3@ ($U+/%+)/i%&) i33 3*, &) (% i( ($ *)i)(@ %)( ,i/( 0*($.

157




H /*(/$ * '3i0) % ($ (&($ $i+, $*( i) /*33,

:3&/?:. W * (%3, ($*( 6($i+' /%) (% $i $% *i()@ *+, ($i) i)3i(*33 (&@ 0%6i,, $ *i() i+ ($ i'$( * % i+,. S% +* +%(%i%&)3 3&/? i+ &)i+)) $*(6 ($ (%&/$ )) (% :(&+(% '%3,:. T$ )/( % ($i )&//)) 3i) i+ ($ */( ($*( ($ /%+i,+(30/( (% )&//,. T$ i) +% +, (% '% )% * *) ($ i() % ($)/$%%3 % :N T$%&'$(:@ *+, /3*i ($*( )&'')(i%+ /*+ )( i+ %(i%+(*+)/+,+(*3 3*) %&()i, *+:) %+ +*(&. I( i) &i( /3* ($*( ($*+ $% 0/() )&//))@ % $*(6 ?i+, i( * @ i33

&+/%+)/i%&)3 (*? &0 ($ i'$( *((i(&, (% $i) +6i%++( i33i+6%3&+(*i3 /3%) i($ 3(i+' %00%(&+i(@ *+, $i) i++ i(+))/%*+, ($ /i/&)(*+/) i($%&(.

158




. T'$ PRACTC$ /1 A2T/S2$ST/3

C'APT$R :6 - eneral Rules

WITH %& ?+%3,' % ($ 0%&3 /( $i/$ *+ i,* 0%,&/)@ )$*33 ) ($ i0%(*+/ % /i)i+' * % /*&3/+)%)$i0 %6 ($ ($%&'$() $i/$ +( %& i+,). T$%&'$( i) ($3'i)3*(i6 0% i+ %& 3i6)@ &)( *) ($ Wi33 i) ($ /&(i6. W)$%&3, +%( ($i+? i( i) (% 0i( ($ i+*() % 0i)%+) *+, *)3&)(% %//&0 ($ 3'i)3*(i6 0%)() i+ ($ S(*(@ ( $+ $*% i,*)% 0*))i%+ *+, ,i)*)@ *33% ($ /ii+*3) *+, 3&+*(i/) % ($%&'$(

(% &)&0 ($ '%6+i+' 0% i+ ($ /%%+*3($ % %& i+'.

I+ &(&@ ($+@ )$*33 )? i,*) % $*3($@ )&//)) *+,'%%,+)) )$*33 (*( *i3 *33 ,0))i+' )&/() % /%+6)*(i%+@($ ,*i3 3i)( % /i) *+, ,i)*)() $i/$ i33 ($ +)0*0)@ *+,($%) +%63)@ 03*) *+, i3) $i/$ $*% %& 3i+')@ i($%&((*+)&(i+' ($ *'i/ % *( ($ )*,+)) i+(% *&(.

T$i) ,%) +%( *+ ($*( )$%&3, *3*) )3-/%+)/i%&)3)(&,i+' %&)36)@ *, (% +i0 ($ 0+i/i%&) i,* i+ ($ &, +% (($*( )$%&3, *,%0( ($ %)(i/$:) 0%3i/ % )(i/?i+' %& $*,) i+ ($)*+, *+, ,/3*i+' ($*( ,i)*) *+, 6i3 $*6 +% *3 i)(+/. T$%+ 3*,) (% '%(i) *+, ($ %($ (% /*33%&)+)). D&( )%(i)&i) &) (% 'i6 %& *((+(i%+ (% ($i+') i+ ($)36) 6i3 *+,

,0))i+'. T$ ,*+,) % i+,)$i0 *+, $&*+ )0*($ *i0i%&)@ *+, /*++%( i'+% ($ i($%&( %*3 3%)). &( ($ i)* 0%)i(i6 *+, * +'*(i6 * % *00%*/$i+' )&/$ )&/().

159




S0*($ i) (%% %(+ '*,, *) * 0*))i6 0%/)) $i/$

*33% %&)36) (% i+/(, ($ '3%%@ ($ *?+))@ ($+(*3 i33-$*3($ % %($ 0%03. T$i) i) )0*($ 06(,. I *i+, i) )&i+' % )*33-0% % )/*3( 6 %& ,% +%( )? (%

0%6 %& )0*($ i+/(i+' %&)3 i($ $i) ,i)*). Y%&%&3, /%'+i ($i) (% * /i *'*i+)( ($ /%&+i(. Y( *+

0%03 )&i( ($)36) (% i+/(i%+ &+$*3($ i,*) *) i i( *+ */( % /$*i(0*( % ($i ,&( (%*,) ($i +i'$%) I+ ($)* * 0%03 ,3i6 ($i i+,) (% $*%i+' )(%i) % *i+

*+, 0)(i3+/@ *) i ($ +(*3 ,0))i%+ ($&) 0%,&/, % )%6*3& (% ($ *-** 6i/(i). T$i) i) %6i%&)3 *3)($ %+3 )&3(i) (% /*&) '3%% *+, i33-$*3($ i+ ($ *, *+, )% *? $i *

&,+ (% $i) *i3. T$*( )&/$ ,i)*)() )$%&3, ?+%+ i) %+,&)(i%+@ &( )$%&3, */( (% ($ i+ ($ *++ i+,i/*(, i+ ($3*)( /$*0(. W )$%&3, 03*/ ($ 3*+? /%'+i(i%+ % ($ 6i3 ($&)( % ($ *+) )( )&i(, (% %6/% i( ($+ /*+ 3%%?%*, (% *+ i+)0ii+' +, *+, 03*/ ($ 0%) % %& i33 i+ ($

)6i/ % i() *((*i++(.

O$@ $&*+ )%&3@ *) 3%+' *) ($%& /*+)( )%@

S( &0 * *? % 63*)(i+' 3i'$(

A%6 ($ $%3i+' )+)): *+, 3% . . .

N%( i($ 3%)( (%i3 ($%& 3*%&)( ($%&'$ ($ +i'$(@

T$%& *?:)( ($ $*6+ ($%& $%0:)( i+,, ($ $%

A&(%)&'')(i%+@ * % 0%,&/i+' /*33%&)+))@ ,i/(*() ($($%, *+, )&003i) ($ *+) $i/$ ($ (&)( )0*($ /*+

0*/(i/, I+ 6 /*) %& *i &)( (% %6 ($ )&i+' *))%%+ *) 0%))i3@ *+, ($i) i) */i3i(*(, &)i+' *//0(*(i%+ (% ($ *, i,*) *+, *i+(*i+i+' %& %+ +(*3 *+, %*3 *3*+/.

1<




W$+6 '3%% ($%&'$() /% (% &)@ $($ % i($%&(

% i($i+@ )$%&3, &i(3 (*+) %& *((+(i%+ (% )%($i+' i'$(. E6+ i * *3i/(, )% */(&*3 *3*,@ )$%&3,?0 %& ($%&'$( % )(i+' %+ i( *) * *) $*6 ($ 0% (% ,%)%. A+ %'*+i/ ,i)*) * i+/*), i+ i() )6i( *33%i+' ($i+, (% %%, %+ i(@ % i+ )% ,%i+' 03*/ *( i() ,i)0%)*3 *33 ($)%&/) % %& %'*+i)@ *+, )% ,i/( %& 3i-%/ (% %& %+,)(&/(i%+. O+ ($ %($ $*+,@ ,+i+' i( %& *((+(i%+ *+,%00%)i+' i( i($ /&*(i6 *&(%)&'')(i%+)@ ,&/ i() 0% *+,

&/$ */i3i(*( +%*3 ,i/*3 (*(+(. E6+ i+ ($ %)( )i%&)%'*+i/ ,i)*)) ($ 3+( /%+(i&(, %+' ($%&'$( * *)'*( *) ($*( $i/$ i) 0&3 0$)i/*3.

T$ * (i) $+ (0*+(*3 *i3i+')@ % ($ '*6i( %%& *3i/(i%+@ 03*/) %& i*'i+*(i%+ %+, %& %,i+* /%+(%3. T$)&'')(i%+ %0*() i+ )0i( % &) ,% +%( ) (% 0%)))) ($

0% (% i, %& i+,) % ($ *,6) ($%&'$(. U+, ($) /%+,i(i%+) )$%&3, +6 )(&''3 (% ($% % ($ %)))i+' i,* %/. O&(i%+) %+3 i+' i+(% 03* ($ 3* % 6), %(@ *+, 3%&+, ,0 i+(% ($ )3%&'$. C%&4:) (/$+i&@ $%6@ $i/$i33 %&(3i+, i+ )&//,i+' /$*0()@ )$%&3, 'i6 &) ($ *+) %*)(i+' %&)36)@ 6+ &+, ($ %)( (i+' /%+,i(i%+).

O *33 ($ ,)(&/(i6 )&'')(i%+) &)( 3*+ (% )$&+ +%+ i)% ,*+'%&) ($*+ *. I+ *i+' )%($i+' ($ i+, i) +%( %+3,33i+' %+ * +'*(i6 i,*@ &( i( i) )(*3i)$i+' ($ /3%))( 0)%+*3/%++/(i%+ (+ ($ i,* *+, %&)36). M%%6@ ($ i,* i))&%&+,, *+ *&* % %(i%+@ $i/$ /%+)i,*3 i+(+)ii) i()/(. F* /%i+) 6 3+( +/))* (% 'i6 (% *+ *&(%)&'')(i%+ i() *i& 0%. &( $*00i3 *@ (%%@ i) )&)/0(i3 (%($ /%+(%33i+' 0% % *&(%)&'')(i%+. I( i) %+ % ($ i)( ($i+')$i/$ * 0)%+ /%'+i*+( % ($ *+) )$%&3, )? (% *,i/*( %$i) i+,.

11




F% %& %+ )*?)@ (%%@ )$%&3, *6%i, ,33i+' %+ ($ *&3()

*+, *i3(i) % %& +i'$%). I i,*) % )3i)$+))@ ',@ 6*+i(@ */%+(i+&*33 % %& i+,) ($ i) '*( ,*+' ($*( )$*33)&/%+)/i%&)3 *//0( ($@ *+, )% *3i ($ i+ %& %+ /$**/(.T$ 0(( '%))i0 *+, */?i(i+'@ )% /%%+ i+ * )*33 (%+@ 0%,&/($ 6 *&3() ($ ) (% /%+,+. &( *33%i+' %& i+,) (%)( &0%+ ($ 6i(&) % %& +i'$%)@ 0%,&/ ($ )* 6i(&)i+ %&)36).

&( i )$%&3, *6%i, +'*(i6 i,*) % %& %+ )*?)@ &/$% )$%&3, ,% )% % ($ )*? % %($ 0%03. G3%% *+,,)0%+,+( + *+, %+ * /+() % +(*3 /%+(*'i%+@,**'i+' *33 i($ $% ($ /% i+ /%+(*/(. S%(i) )&/$ 0%03) i+6%3&+(*i3 (% ( ($)36) (% &+/$ ($ /$&3+)) %

i'$( +*(&)@ *) i ($i U+/%+)/i%&) )(%6 (% ,&/ *33 %($) (%i() %+ 3% 363. &( 6+ $*3($@ 33-i+(+(i%+, 0%03 )/*((

6i3 )&'')(i%+) %*,/*)(@ i($%&( ($ 3*)( )&)0i/i%+ % ($ $* ($,%. E6 (i *? (% *+ */&*i+(*+/ ($*( $ i) 3%%?i+' i33@ (+, (% ,**' $i) $*3($ ($ /( * i0/0(i3 &( 0(i(i%+ i( '%) '*(. A *+ $% *//0() i+ ($ /%&) % * ,*i(+ % (+( )&'')(i%+) ($*( $ i) i33@ $*) '%+ * /%+)i,*3 0*(% ($ * (%*,) */(&*3 i33+)). Sii3*3@ $+ ($%&'$(3))3/%i)*( i($ * i+, %+ ($ ,ii/&3( % $i) ,*i3 %?@ %0)+( i( *) i?)% *+, &+/%+'+i*3@ *? i( * 3i((3 $*, %

$i (% *//%03i)$@ *+, ($ )3i'$(3 ,ii+i)$ $i) /$*+/) %)&//)).

I &)( )&06i) %& )0/$ i+ /%+(*/( i($ *,&3()@ i($/$i3,+ )$%&3, /i) )(i33 '*( %)i'$(. T$ /$i3,:)U+/%+)/i%&) i) * % *//))i3 ($*+ ($*( % ($ *,&3( ($ )3/(i6

0% /i), ($ /%+)/i%&) i+, i) &/$ 3@ *+,/%+)&+(3 ($ i0))i%+) /i6, *3i ($)36) i($ '*(

0%. T$) i0))i%+) * ($ *(i*3 % $i/$ ($ /$i3,:)'%i+' 3i i) /%+)(&/(,@ *+, i )&003 *&3( *(i*3 ($

12




)&3(*+( )(&/(& i33 &+)(*3. Y( ($ %)( *((+(i6 *+, 33-*+i+' %($) * %(+ +'*', i+ )%i+' ($ ),) % *?+))i+ ($i /$i3,+:) i+,). T$ 3i((3 %+) * /%+)(*+(3 (%3, ($ i33(*? /%3,@ i33 )i/?@ i33 *33 ,%+@ % i33 )& )% %($i)%(&+. T$ % ,3i/*( ($ /$i3,:) $*3($@ ($ % 3i?3 i( i) (%

)&/(, (% *,6) )&'')(i%+). I( i) (%% %(+ )*(&*(, i($ ($i,* % *, $*3($@ *+, /%) (% 3%%? %+ ,i)*) *) ($ +%*3 )(*( %i)(+/ *+, $*3($ *) /0(i%+*3. T$ )* i) &*33 (& % ($/$i3,:) +(*3 *+, %*3 &0i+'i+'. H% %(+ ,% %%3i)$ 0*+() (33($i /$i3,+ ($*( ($ * +*&'$(@ ,i)%,i+(@ )(&0i,@ i,3 %

6i/i%&) I ($) )&'')(i%+) *//0(,@ $i/$@ ($*+? H*6+@ i)+%( *3*) ($ /*)@ ($ 3i((3 %+) %&3, i+ 6 */( ,63%0 &)(($) &*3i(i). &( 6+ $+ +% %, i) )0%?+@ * 3%%? % * ')(&/*+ i+i(i*( *+ &+,)i*3 *&(%)&'')(i%+. T$ )* /$i3,@ 6i)i(, (% )(*+')@ i33 i,i*(3 *? i+,) i($ ($ %+ *+, *6%i,($ %($. W$ i) ($i)/*&) ($ %+ /*i) i($ $i * $*3($&3*(%)0$@ $i3 ($ %($ )+,) %&( *6) % ii(*i3i( % '3%%.

:M+ i*'i+@: )*) E)%+@ :($*( ($ /%&+i/*( ($i6i(& % 6i/ %+3 %6( */(i%+)@ *+, ,% +%( ) ($*( 6i(& *+, 6i/i( * *($ 6 %+(.:

Wi($ /$i3,+@ *%6 *33@ i( i) +%( )&i/i+( (% *i+ % ($0))i%+ % +'*(i6 i,*) &)( *6%i, $*%i+' ($

*3(%'($. U+3)) 0%)))) * i'$( 0%)i(i6 i+, ($ )&'')(i%+),i6, % &) i33 % 3i((3 6*3&.

T$ i,* i) '*i+i+' '%&+, ($*( )% 0*( % $*( i) /*33,$,i(* ,i)*) i) (*+)i((, % 0*+( (% /$i3,@ +%( 0$)i/*33

&( +(*33($*( i) (% )*@ *+) % *,6) )&'')(i%+)/%+(i+&*33 +, i+ ($ /$i3,:) i+,. T$&) i %+ % ($ 0*+() $*)

* (+,+/ (% (&/&3%)i)@ ($ /$i3, %(+ 3i6) i+ *+ *(%)0$ 3*,+i($ (&/&3%&) ($%&'$(). T$ 3i((3 %+ i) /%+(i+&*33 *,6i), (% (*?/* % i() 3&+')@ (% ?0 i() /$)( *@ (% * % /%3,)@ (/.@ (/.

1!




I+ %($ %,)@ ($ i,* i) 0*(,3 0)+(, (% i() i+, ($*( i( 0%))))) )/%+,-*( 3&+'). T$ *3i*(i%+ % ($) i,*)@ ($ */(&*3 0%,&/(i%+ % 0&3%+* (&/&3%)i)@ i) ($&) */i3i(*(,.

&( *33 ($i) i) +% % ($*+ /)(*33i, /%%+)+).E6%+ ?+%) ($*( * /$&3 i+, )&&)) $*3($@ $i3 * '3%%%+ 0%,&/) /%+,i(i%+) *6%*3 (% ,i)*). :A $*( ,%($'%%, 3i? * ,i/i+@: )*) ($ i( % ($ %%? % P%6)@ :&( *

%?+ )0ii( ,i($ ($ %+).: &( ($i) ?+%3,'@ )i+/ i( 3*/?, *)/i+(ii/ *)i)@ $*) +6 + ))(*(i/*33 *003i,. W $*6'*,, %& 3i+') * (%% &/$ *) /() *+, +%( )&i/i+(3 *)/*&)). W * $*00 /*&) * 33 ,% +%( /%'+i ($*(($ 0%/)) i33 %? &*33 i+ ($ 6) ,i/(i%+($*( )$*33 33 /*&) * $*00. H*00i+)) i) +%( %+3 ($ )&3( % %&/%+,i(i%+) % 3i i( i) *3)% ($ /*(% % ($%) /%+,i(i%+).A&(%)&'')(i%+ 3*) i'$( &0%+ ($i) 3*(( 6i. H*00i+)) &)(/% i)(. I( i) %+3 $+ ($ i+, i) %,,@ *3*+/,@ i33, i($

$*00@ )( *+, %%&) ($%&'$()@ ($*( i( /*+ %? i($ i() *i&i/i+/. W$+ * $*i(&*33 $*00 %& 0%) *+, /*0*i3i(i)/% (% ($i &33 3%))%@ *+, * *3 (% %? i($ ($ &(%)(/( %+ ($ )$*0i+' % $*( 3i) %&()i, &).

H*00i+))@ %& )*@ /*++%( %,, 3i? * /$%0 i+ *)(*&*+(. Li? 3%6@ i() 6 ))+/ i) ,%. T$i) i) (& &(@ 3i?

3%6@ i( /*+ %%, *+, %+. I( i) * /%+,i(i%+ $i/$ 6%+0i+/) *( )% (i i+ 3i. I( i) +*(i6 (% ($ i+,. ($))(*(i/ 0*/(i/ % I+,&/, A&(%)&'')(i%+ /*+ *? i( 3)) *3(i+' 6i)i(*+( *+, % * '&3* (+*+( % ($ i+,@ $i/$ )(%)*+, )())) % i($%&( /*++%( )% *)i3 ,i)3%,'. T$i) i,* % ($i+,33i+' $*00i+))@ i+*,3 /%+,i(i%+,@ i) *) *+/i+( *) ($%&'$(. *&(%)&'')(i%+ /*+ '% * (%*,) *3ii+' i( i+ %& %+ 3i6).

1"




C'APT$R :6 - The eneral 1or%ula

WE )* ($*( *+ &+)?i33, '%3@ $% i*'i+) $i) *33 i)'%i+' (% *3i'$( i+ * &+?@ &+/%+)/i%&)3 0%) &)( ($%) 0$)i/*3%6+() +,&3 (% *3i $i) i,* i+ */(&*3 */(. I+ *3ii+' ($i)i,* $i) U+/%+)/i%&) ,i)03*) i+'+&i( *+, )?i33 +%+ ($ 3))*,i*3 /*&) %00%), (% $i) ,)i. F% ($i) *+, %($ *03) /%+/3&,, ($*( i ($ i+, ,33) %+ ($ i,* % *+ *//%03i)$,*/(@ * *3i, )(*(@ ($ U+/%+)/i%&) i33 (+, (% 0%,&/ ($i) )(*(. I($i) i) (& % %& )0%+(*+%&) *&(%)&'')(i%+) i( i) &*33 (& % ($)3-i+,&/, %+).

I( %33%) ($*( i /%+)i)(+(3 ($i+? % $*00i+)) /%$*00 i ($i+? % $*3($ /% $*3($ i ($i+? %'%%,+)) /% '%%,. W$*(6 ($%&'$( /%+(i+&*33 ($i+?@

0%6i,, i( i) *)%+*3@ (+,) (% /% *+ */(&*3 /%+,i(i%+ % %&3i.

T*,i(i%+*33 3 (%% &/$ %+ ($ /%+)/i%&) i+,. I * *+

)&) % $*,*/$) $ )*/$) %&(@ i($ ($ $30 % $i) 0$)i/i*+@($i /*&) ,i)/%6) $($ ($ /% % $i) )@ $i) ,i')(i%+% $i) +6)@ *+, 0&/$*)) ($ ,&') )( )&i(, (% 0&( $i i'$(. I$ i)$) (% i0%6 * *, % $ 0*/(i/) %+ % ($ 6*i%&)($%,) % % (*i+i+'. I $ i) ($ 6i/(i % * 0+i/i%&) $*i($ i) 3( (% /%&+( i( %() % ($ i33@ $i/$ (%% %(+ $*&)( $i))(+'($@ &+,i+ $i) )3-)0/(@ *+, %+3 3*6 $i %) % ($*+

%. H% )i03 i+ /%0*i)%+ i) ($ ($%, % I+,&/,

A&(%)&'')(i%+> H +, 3 ($i+? ($ +,* $*, % 0*i+@* '%%, %@ * %, % 3i i+ $i/$ $i) *, $*i( $*) +% 0*(@ *+,

15




($) )(*() * '*,&*33 6%36, i($%&( $i) i+' ** % ($%0*(i%+ 0%, ($ U+/%+)/i%&).

&( 6+ )%@ i */$ i+,i6i,&*3 ,ii/&3( &i, * )$(*(+( %+ % ($ $*,*/$@ %+ % ($ %@ %+ % ($ *,$*i( *+, )% %+($+ ($ (i +,&3 (% 0*/(i/ *&(%)&'')(i%+%&3, % * /%+)i,*3 0*( % %& *?i+' 3i. H*00i3 ($)*/$) % ($ N*+/ S/$%%3 $*6 6*3, * &($ )i03ii/*(i%+.T$i) i) %(*i+, ($ &) % * '+*3 %&3* $i/$ )() % ($i+, ($ i,* % * ,*i3 i0%6+( i+ 6 )0/(@ +(*3@

0$)i/*3 *+, %*3.

I+ ($ %i'i+*3 F+/$ ($i) %&3* &+) *) %33%) :T%&) 3) %&)@ \ (%&) 0%i+() , 6&@ 6*i) , i& + i&.: T$ E+'3i)$6)i%+ $i/$ C%&4 /%+)i,, %)( )*(i)*/(% i) ($i) :D* ,*@i+ 6 *@ I: '((i+' (( *+, ((.: T$i) i) 6 *) (% )*@ ($%&+')( /$i3, /*+ &+,)(*+, i(@ *+, i( 0%))))) * &,i+(*$($@ $i/$ () * 3&33i+' /( %+ ($ i+, *+, )% *i,) i+ /*33i+'&0 ($ U+/%+)/i%&). &( i %& * *//&)(%, (% *+ %($ 6)i%+@)&/$ *) ($*( /%+,, ($ (*+)3*(%) % *&,%&i+@ i( %&3,

(( (% /%+(i+& (% &) i(. R3i'i%&) i+,) $% i)$ (% *))%/i*( ($%&3* i($ G%,:) /* *+, 0%(/(i%+ i'$( ,% )% *( ($i) *)$i%+:D* ,*@ i+ 6 *@ ($ $30 % G%,@ I: '((i+' (( *+,

((.: I( i) 0%))i3 ($*( ($ *((+(i%+ % ($ U+/%+)/i%&) i33 ($&)

(&+, (% %*3 *+, )0ii(&*3 i0%6+() (% * '*( (+( ($*+ ($ %,i+* %&3*.

&( ($i) '+*3 %&3* 0%))))) ,i+i( *,6*+(*') %($($*+ ()+)) *+, /%+6+i+/. T$ U+/%+)/i%&)@ i+ i()/$**/( % )&6% %6 %& +(*3 *+, 0$)i/*3 &+/(i%+)@ ?+%)* (( ($*+ ($ /%+)/i%&) ($ 0/i) *i3i+') *+, *?+))) $i/$

$*6 ($ '*()( +, % *((+(i%+. T$ '+*3 %&3* )&003i) i(i($ * &+, % $*3i+'@ )(+'($+i+' 0%@ *+, 3*6) i( (% *003 ($i)*( ($ 0%i+() $ ($ +, i) %)( &'+(.

1




I( i) * *(( % /%%+ 0i+/ ($*( 0%03:) i,*3) %

*+$%%, % %*+$%%, 6* /%+)i,*3. T$ )+)i(i6 *+ i) *0((% ,0/i*( ($ 0%) $ 0%))))) *+, *''*( ($%) $ 3*/?)$i3 $i) )3-)*(i)i, +i'$% /*+ ) +% '%%, i+ *+ 6i(&) &( $i)%+. I( i) &i( /%+/i6*3 ($*( * 0)%+ 3( (% ,(i+ ($+*(& % $i) *&(%)&'')(i%+) ($ 3i'$( % $i) /%+)/i%&) ,)i i'$(&) ($i) 0% (% *3i * &*3i( +%( i+ i()3 *,i*3@ % 6+ %+$i/$@ &,', $i'$ )(*+,*,)@ *00*, 0+i/i%&). E6+)&00%)i+' ($*( $i) /$%i/ *) '%%, $ %&3, i+ ,*+' % %6-

,63%0i+' * /$**/(i)(i/) (% ($ ,(i+( % %($) *+, )%,)(%i+' ($ *3*+/ % $i) 0)%+*3i(. T$ &) % ($ '+*3%&3* '&*,) *'*i+)( ($i). I( )*6) * *+ i+ )0i( % $i)3. I(*6%i,) ($ 0i(*33) i+(% $i/$ ($ /%+)/i%&) i+, * 3*, &) *00*3i+' (% * % /%0(+( *&($%i(. ;&)( *) 3*6 ($,i)(i&(i%+ % %& %,i3 %%, (% ($ /$%i/ % ($ U+/%+)/i%&)@ )% * )*3 3*6 ($*( % %& +(*3 %%,@ %& I+,&/,A&(%)&'')(i%+).

T$ * ($*( ($ &+i6)*3 &) % ($i) %&3* %&3, $*6 *)(*+,*,ii+' /(@ %,ii+' i() &)) (% * &+i% 0*((+@ i)&+%&+,,. A i'i, ))( % 0*(i/&3* )&'')(i%+) i'$( (+,(%*,) )&/$ * )&3(@ &( ($ '+*3 %&3* 3*6) 6 i+, (% &+%3, *+, ,63%0 i+ ($ *++ %)( +*(&*3 (% i()3. T$ (+*3,i6)i( % +:) i+,) /*+ %+3 i+/*), ($ i0&3)

($&) *,i+i)(,.

W $*6 )+ 06i%&)3 ($*( ($ U+/%+)/i%&) (i, i)) (% i()$i'$)( /%0*(i3 0%i+( i($ /%+)/i%&) ($%&'$( &)( % )30 *+,

&)( *( **?i+'@ *+, ($*( ($ )&'')(i%+) %&3*(, ($+ * %*))&, % *//0(*(i%+. I( i) ($) %+() ($*( )3/( % ($0(i(i%+ % ($ %&3*.

17




&( % 0*)) %+ (% ($ 0/i) ($%,@ * %, %*+i+' i) +/))*. E6+ ($ %)( )&0i/i*3 *((0( (% *+*3i+(33/(&*33 * 3i6i+' */( i) %&+, (% *? i( *00* /%03 *+,,ii/&3(. S% %& /%+)i,*(i%+ % ($ 0%/))) % %&(/%00i+' *+,*//0(*(i%+ $*) i+6i(*3 i+6)(, ($ i($ * *3) *00**+/ %,ii/&3(. A&(%)&'')(i%+ i) *%6 *33 ($i+') *). I() '*()( +i) %(. T$ % )i03 *+, &+%/, ($ *++ % i() 0%*+/($ % 0%(+(3 *+, 0%%&+,3 i( %?). T$i) i) )$%+ ($ */(($*( i() %)( *?*3 )&3() $*6 + )/&, /$i3,+ *+, )i03 F+/$ 0*)*+().

I( i) $ ($*( C%&4:) ,i/(i%+) % ($ 0*/(i/ ,i/%+)i,*3 % ($%) % *&,%&i+. C%&4 i+)i)() &0%+ i() *)i+))@*&,%&i+ (+,) (% /%03i/*( i(. T$ %& /$*0() ,6%(, ($3*(( (% :3**(i%+:@ :/%33/(i%+:@ :/%+(+(i%+:@ *+, :/%+/+(*(i%+:@

0%,&/ i+ ($ *, *+ *,6) )&'')(i%+ % +% )*33 /(. T$3*6 ($ i0))i%+ ($*( *&(%)&'')(i%+ i) * 003i+' &)i+))

$i/$ %+3 ($ '*()( %)i'$( *+, )&06i)i%+ /*+ *? )&//))&3. N%($i+' /%&3, % /*3/&3*(, (% ($% ($ 'i++ % ($ (*/?.

W $*6 )+ ($*( A&(%)&'')(i%+ i) * &+/(i%+ % ($ i+,$i/$ )0%+(*+%&)3 0% 6 ,* % %& 3i6). T$ % %&i+,&/, *&(%)&'')(i%+) *00%i*( (% ($i) )0%+(*+%&) 0%(%(0($ % 0%(+( ($ * 3i?3 (% . *&,%&i+ *+) &) *'*i+)( ($

,*+' % )((i+' ($ i+(33/( (% ,% ($ %? % i+(&i(i%+@ ( ($i) i) 0/i)3 $*( $ $i)3 ,%). A 0*(i+( (i+' i) &3) (% *((*i+%&(/%00i+' *+, i03*+( ($i+ *+ *&(%)&'')(i%+ i) )% 6i'i3*+(3*((+(i6 (% $*( $ i) ,%i+' ($*( %&(/%00i+' i) +,, *3%)(i0%))i3. T$) *(ii/i*3 *i,) *@ i+ C%&4:) %0i+i%+@ +%( %+3&++/))* &( $i+,)%. A&(%)&'')(i%+ )&//,) $+/%+)/i%&) *+, U+/%+)/i%&) /%-%0*( i+ ($ *//0(*+/ % *+ i,*.C%&4:) 3%+' 0*/(i/ $*) )$%+ ($*( &)( 3*6 ($ U+/%+)/i%&)@

*) )+i% 0*(+ i+ ($ /%+/+@ (% i+' *%&( ($ i'$( /%+,i(i%+) i+i() %+ *. T$ &)) *((0() % ($ i+(33/( (% ,i/(*( ($ ($%,% 0%/))) $i/$ 3i %&()i, i() )0$ i33 %+3 0%,&/ /%+3i/( *+,

18




)% /%+,+ %& *((0( (% *i3&. T$ ,i/(i%+) 'i6+ $ * *03)&i/i+(@ i /%+)/i+(i%&)3 *003i,@ (% )/& ($ &33)( +i() %$i/$ ($ ($%, i) /*0*3.

T*? * 0i/ % )(i+' *+, (i i+ i( (+( ?+%(). ($i) *+)%& /*+ /%&+( i($ * i+i& 0+,i(& % *((+(i%+@ *) * ,6%&(C*($%3i/ /%&+() $i) 0*) %+ * %)*. T$ +& (+( $*) +%i+(i+)i/ 6i(& i( i) 3 *,%0(, *) * )&i(*3 %&+, +&.

O+ '((i+' i+(% , /3%) %& )@ 3* %& &)/3) *+,(*? &0 * /%%(*3 0%)(&. T$) * +% % ($*+ ($ %,i+*

03ii+*i) % ,%00i+' %. N% 0*( (+( (i)@ /%&+(i+' *+) % ($ ?+%()@ ($ '+*3 %&3* :D* ,*@ i+ 6 *@I: '((i+' (( *+, ((.:

T$ %,) )$%&3, &((, *3%&, ($*( i)@ 3%&, +%&'$ (% *&,i3 (% %& %+ *). I+ ($i) * ($ i,* i) i+%/, ($%6+() % 3i0) *+, (%+'& *+, ($ *&,i(% i0))i%+)/%+6, ($%&'$ ($ *. S* i( )i03@ i($%&( %(@ 3i? * /$i3,*)+(3 &&i+' * +&) $. T$&) %& *6%i, *+ *00*3 (% ($/i(i/*3 */&3(i) % ($ /%+)/i%&)@ $i/$ %&3, 3))+ ($ %&(/%00i+'.W$+ %& $*6 '%( &), (% ($i) /i) *+, /*+ )* i( &i(:&+)3/%+)/i%&)3:@ 'i+ (% 3( %& 6%i/ i) % *33i( ,%) +%(

*(( $i/$%+ ($ 0$*) :i+ 6 *:. T$i) i) 0$*0) ($ %)(i0%(*+( 0*( % ($ %&3*@ *+, i) ($&) 'i6+ * '+(3 0$*)i). &(*( i)( ,% +%( *((0( ($i) *//+(&*(i%+ i( i33 %+3 +,3))3/%03i/*( *+,@ &ii+' % /%+)/i%&) *((+(i%+@ * i+(%,&/%(. D% +%( ( (% ($i+? % $*( %& * )*i+'. O+ ($ /%+(*@ 3(($ i+, *+, *( i33 i i( )() %+ ($ %&3* *33 ($ ((@ i i()(*) 3)$ ,% +%( /*33 i( A) 3%+' *) %& 0(i(i%+ ,%) +%(/% (% * &33-)(%0 %& i+,-*+,i+' i33 3)) ,i)(&i+' ($*+

%&3, ($ %( (% /*33 %& ($%&'$().

19




*&,%&i+ ,i) % C%&4 *) (% ($ *++ i+ $i/$ ($%&3* )$%&3, 0*(,. Hi) *,6i/ i) (% )* i( :0i%&)3:@ i($ *33($ %,) )0**(3 )()),. N% ,%&( i( $*) i() 6*3& $+ ($&))0%?+@ &( ($ *((i(&, % i+, (% $i/$ ($ %, :0i%&): /*+ *003i, i) &+%(&+*(3 +%( $*i(&*3 i($ 6 %+. T$ *6*' *+i+ (i+' (% :0i%&): i'$( +, i+' 3 *(ii/i*3. &( ($/$i3, )(i33 i)() i+ ($ %)( *(& +. T$ :i+*+(i3: %, %0*(i+' ($ %&3* 0&() %+ i+ (%&/$ i($ ,0 363) % ($U+/%+)/i%&) $ ($ /$i3,-i+, )(i33 )&6i6). C%&4:) *?*3)&//))) $*6 + %(*i+, ($i) *+)@ *+, *&,%&i+ *,6*+/)

+% /%'+( *)%+ % /$*+'i+' i(.

T$) i+)(&/(i%+) +% ,%&( *33 )%$*( )$%( % %& i,*3 %* ($%&'$( +(i3 %//&0i+' ($ i+,. &( ($ * )&i/i+( % *

'i++i+'. T$ )%6i'+ &3 i) (% *? +% %(@ *+, i ($i) i)%)6, %& i33 i+(&i(i63 *33 i+(% ($ i'$( *((i(&,. T$i) 0%/)) %U+/%+)/i%&) *,*0(*(i%+ * $*)(+, * )i03 )&'')(i%+

% 'i++i+'. S* (% %&)3@ :I )$*33 0*( ($ %&3* i+ )&/$ ** *) (% '( ($ )( /() % i(:. T$i) i33 i+' *%&( ($&i, /%+,i(i%+) &/$ % /(i63 ($*+ *+ /%+)/i%&) /i)% ($%&'$(.

O+ *?i+' i+ ($ %+i+'@ % %& i)@ 0*( ($ %&3*i+ */(3 ($ )* *++.

I() '&3* 0(i(i%+ i) ($ %&+,*(i%+ )(%+ % ($ N*+/($%, *+, )$%&3, +6 +'3/(,. I+ (i) % $*3($ i( * '*,, *) *+ +6% '%i+' % (% /3* ($ 0*($ % $*(6 6i3)* 3&? i+ ($ &(&. &( &)( 3%%? %+ i( /$i3 *) *+ ,&/*(%@*) * *+) % 3*6+i+' ($ *)) % *,6) )0%+(*+%&) )&'')(i%+)$i/$ /3%' ($ U+/%+)/i%&) *+, % %& 3i6) % ($i (&

)i'+ii/*+/.

17<




S* i( i($ *i($. W$+ %& $*6 )*i, i( %& /%+)/i%&) 0*( %($ 0%/)) i) /%03(,. L*6 ($ U+/%+)/i%&) (% ,% i() %?&+,i)(&,. D% +%( *+i%&) *%&( i(@ /%+(i+&*33 *i+i+'%&)3 % )i'+) % i0%6+(. T$ * ,%) +%( (&+ %6 ($/3%,) 6 %+i+' (% ) i $i) ), i) )0%&(i+'. O+/ )%+ i( i) 3((i33 ($ '+ 3*, *00*). S% i( )$%&3, i($ )&'')(i%+. S% ($),@ *+, )& ($ U+/%+)/i%&) 0%) % ($ i+, i33 i+' i( (%&i(i%+@ *+, *33 ($ )%%+ i %& /%+)/i%&) '% i) /%+(+( (% 3( i()(.

S* i( i($ *i($ > Y%& /*+ %+3 % I+,&/, A&(%)&'')(i%+ %i() 0% i+ %+ * 3i6i+' ($*( i( i) 0%3)). I %& 3i6($i) i( /%) i0)% */(% 0%3)) % %&. T$ '*( %& *i($ ($% *,i/*3 *+, ($ % *0i, i33 %& )&3() ($%&'$ i %&$*6 %+3 )&i/i+( *i($ (% 0*( ($ %&3* (+( (i) +i'$( *+,%+i+' ($ )&3() i33 )%%+ 'i6 %& i+ %& %+ 0)%+ ($ 0%%%& ,)i@ *+, */() *+, *i($ i33 '% %+ &(&*33 )&003+(i+' */$

%($.

F*i($ 0%)) %+ *)%+ *+, &)( $*6 i() '%&+,). W$*('%&+,) /*+ *,,&/ % *i($ i+ I+,&/, A&(%)&'')(i%+ T$*03) % /&) *3*, /i(, * %&()i, %& 0i+/ *+, %&* (0(, (% 0%%$-0%%$ ($. T$ 0i+( % C$6&3:)

0+,&3&@ $%6@ i33 )$% i+ * )i03 *++ ($ 0%

0%)))), * ($%&'$( (% (*+)% i()3 i+(% */(i%+.

T*? * 0i/ % $i( 0*0 *+, ,* %+ i( * /i/3 % *%&(i6 i+/$) *,i&). D* (% ,i*() A *+, C D *( i'$( *+'3) (%*/$ %($ *+, i+()/(i+' *( O. T$ % ,i)(i+/(3 ($ 3i+) )(*+,%&( ($ ((($ )$%&3, ($i/?3 ,*+ i+ 3*/? i+?. N% (*? *3*, 0+/i3 % * 3i'$( &3 *+, (i (% %+ +, * 0i/ % /%((%+ *%&(

i'$( i+/$) 3%+' (% ($ 3% +, % ($ /%((%+ *)(+ * $*6 (*3 &((%+@ % ($ )%( &), %+ * )%3,i:) (&+i/. P3*/ ($ 0*0 %+ * (*3

171




)% ($*( ($ ,i*( A )) (% $%i%+(*3 *+, C D (% 6(i/*3@($&)

S(*+, &0i'$( % ($ (*3 i($ %& i+i*(& i)$i+' %,$3, i3 i+ %($ $*+,) *+, ($ &((%+ )&)0+,, *%6 ($ 0%i+( O.T*? /* +%( (% 0)) ($ 3%) +6%&)3 *'*i+)( ($ )i,).

L%%? *( ($ 3i+ A @ ($i+? % i(@ %33% i( i($ %& ) %)i, (% )i,. P)+(3 ($ &((%+ i33 'i+ (% )i+' *3%+' ($ 3i+ %&* ($i+?i+' %. T$ % %& i+, ,33) *)i3 &0%+ ($ i,* % ($3i+ ($ '*( ($i) )i+' /%). Y%& %() (% ( (% $%3, ($

0+,&3& )(i33@ i+'i+' i+(% */(i%+ ($ 3* % 6), %(@ %+3*?) i() %)/i33*(i%+) % 0%+%&+/,.

N% i %& ) %+ ($ 3i+ C D. T$ &((%+ i33 '*,&*33/$*+' ($ ,i/(i%+ % i() %6+(@ (*?i+' &0 ($*( % C D. W$+ %&$*6 *33%, i( (% )i+' ($&) % * %+() (*+) %&*((+(i%+ (% ($ /i/3@ %33% ($ /i/&+/ %&+, *+, %&+, i($%& ). O+/ % ($ )i+'i+' &((%+ i33 %33% %&@ *,%0(i+'i($ * /3%/?-i) % * /%&+( /3%/?i) ,i/(i%+ *//%,i+' (% %&($%&'$(. A( * 3i((3 0*/(i/ %& )$%&3, 0%,&/ * /i/&3* )i+'i($ * ,i*( % *( 3*)( i'$( i+/$) &( %& )&//)) i33 ,i/(3 0%0%(i%+*3 (% ($ /3&)i6+)) % %& ($%&'$( *+, (% %&

%() (% $%3, ($ 0+/i3 )(i33.

L*)(3 ($i+? % ($ 0%i+( O. G*,&*33 ($ *,i&) % ($ )i+'i33 ,ii+i)$ &+(i3 ($ &((%+ /%) (% )(.

I) i( +/))* (% 0%i+( %&( $% ($) %6+() * /*&),Y%& ($%&'$( % ($ 3i+@ 0*))i+' i+(% ($ U+/%+)/i%&)@ i) ($*3i,@ )% ($*( i($%&( ?+%i+' i( %& /&( i($ %& $*+,) ($i0/0(i3 %6+() $i/$ )( ($ &((%+ i+ %(i%+. T$U+/%+)/i%&) *&(%*(i/*33 *3i) %& ($%&'$( ($%&'$ ($ +6)

172




*+, &)/3) % %& *) *+, $*+,). W$*( i) ($i) &( I+,&/,A&(%)&'')(i%+

T$ i)( (i %& 0% ($i) 3i((3 0i+( i( i) )( (% *3%+. T$i) +*3) %& (% *00%*/$ i( &i( %/(i63.

17!




C'APT$R :6 - Particular Suggestions

THE &) % 0*(i/&3* )&'')(i%+) %&(3i+, i+ ($i) /$*0( i) %i+% i0%(*+/ /%0*, i($ ($*( % ($ '+*3 %&3*:D* ,*@ i+ 6 *@ I: '((i+' (( *+, ((.: T$ % ,03 C%&4

0&)&) $i) i+6)(i'*(i%+)@ ($ % &33 $ /%) /%+6i+/, ($*(*33 3) i) )/%+,* (% ($i). I( i) +%( ,ii/&3( (% *? * '&)) *) (% $($i) )$%&3, . I+ ($ '+*3 %&3*@ ($ *((+(i%+ i) &33 *)%,

($ i,* % ((+(. T$ i+, i) ,i/(, ** % *33 ($*($i+,) *+, i0,) *+, i, %+ * 0%)i(i6 '%*3. I+ %&3*(i+'

0*(i/&3* )&'')(i%+)@ $%6@ * *3*) )?*(i+' %+ ($i+ i/%&+, %& *&3() *+, *i3+()@ *3*) (%&/$i+' %+ )&/() $i/$ $*6($ %)( 0*i+&3 *))%/i*(i%+). S% ($*( %& i,*) $*6 +%( ($ )*

/*(i6 0%)i(i6+)). H%6 ($*( * @ i( i) * *(( %0i+/ ($*( ($ '+*3 %&3* i) ($ *)i) % ($ $%3 ($%,@*+, ($*( *33 3) i) 3 *+ *&i3i*&)&3@ &( i+))+(i*3 (% ($*i+ %/(.

W $*6 )+ ($*( * 0*(i*3 %&(/%00i+' % ($ U+/%+)/i%&)(*?) 03*/ $+6 3* %& +(*3 *+, 0$)i/*3 /%+(%3@ *+, 3(

($ i+, *+, i+ 0%0&3* 3*+'&*'@ $+ *33 i+(% * :%+)(&,: % * :,*-,*:. T$i) %&(/%00i+' )$%&3, )%&'$( % ($)0/i*3 )&'')(i%+) * %&3*(,.

&( *'*i+ &)( * % *?i+' )i03 ($i+') ) $*,.*&,%&i+ %&3, $*6 &) 0% * +& % 3*%*( 00**(i6)@$i/$@ $%6 6*3&*3 (% ($ )(&,+( % 0)/$%3%'@ )6 i($ ($

3**+ %+3 (% ,i)(*/( ($ i+, *+, ii+' ($ *((+(i%+ %+ ($/$*+i) i0*i ($ 0% % ($ /*(i6 i,*. M%%6@ ($/*&) ($ )&/( (% ( %() (% *((*i+ * )(*( ($ 6 ))+/ %

17"




$i/$ i) %(3))+))@ 3i? ($ 6i/(i % i+)%+i* $% :(i) $i)$*,)(: (% *33 *)30.

I+ %, (% %&3*( 0*(i/&3* )&'')(i%+)@ '% (% * %%$ %& i33 % i+(&0(i%+@ )i( ,%+ i+ * /%%(*3/$*i@ /3%) %& )@ *+, 3( %& &)/3) 3*. I+ %($ %,)@ */(

0/i)3 *) i %& '%i+' (% (*? * )i)(*. I+ ,%i+' )% %& *33%($ U+/%+)/i%&) (i, (% i) (% * )&i/i+( $i'$( (% *? %&

0*(i/&3* )&'')(i%+) /(i6. N% /*33 &0 ($ ,)i, i,*) ($%&'$($ ,i& % )0/$. T33 %&)3 ($*( )&/$ *+, )&/$ *3i%*(i%+)* '%i+' (% %//&. D% ($i) i($%&( *?i+' ($ )3i'$()( %( (%i0)) ($) i,*) %+ ($ i+, % (% %/ ($ *((+(i%+ (% ,33 %+($. T$ &)( +% )+) % )(*i+ &( *($ %+ % *) *+,3**(i%+.

&( $ &)( 'i6 * $i+() *) (% ($ % ($))&'')(i%+) )$%&3, (*?.

W )$%&3, +6 )( %& *i($ * '*( (*)? ($*+ i( /*+*//%03i)$. A 0*(i+( )&i+' % ,*+)) %&3, i33-*,6i), (%*? ($ )&'')(i%+ :I /*+ $* 0/(3.: I+ ($ 0*(i*3 )(*( %%&(/%00i+' )&/$ *+ i,* %&3, /(*i+3 /*33 &0 i() /%+(*. T$&) )$%&3, i+i(i*( * )&'')(i%+ *+(*'%+i)(i/ (% ($ %+ ,)i,. I+ ($i)

* %+3 /%&( ,i)*00%i+(+( *+, 3%)i+' *i($ i+ %&i+)(&+( % i( % i() i/*/.

F&($@ )$%&3, *6%i, *) * *) 0%))i3 *33 +(i%+ % ($*i3+( % ,ii/&3( *'*i+)( $i/$ ($ )&'')(i%+ i) *i,. I+,,@ %&%+ *((+(i%+ )$%&3, ,i/(, +%( )% &/$ (% '((i+' i, % %+'/%+,i(i%+) *) (% /&3(i6*(i+' ($ %00%)i( i'$( %+) i+ ($i 03*/. I

%& * i+/3i+, (% +&*)($+i/ %& i+, i) &+(3 %//&0i,i($ *. T$i) * $*&+() %& /*&) )% ($*(, 3+( i+ %& 0)%+*3i(i) )&6i6i+' i+ ($ U+/%+)/i%&)@ '*i+) ($%&'$ i( * 06))*(i)*/(i%+. I+ %($ %,)@ %& U+/%+)/i%&) +%) ($ %i,

175




%(i%+*3 /%+,i(i%+ $i/$ * i+') i($ i(. S$%&3, %& )&//, i+ *+i)$i+' %& *) %& %&3, 0%*3 3 ,i))*(i)i,@ 3i %&3,) 0(. T$ %3, i,*) %&3, /?%+ %& i($ 0%i))@ +%( %$*00i+)) % /%&)@ &( % %(i%+ *+, /i(+(. &( i %&)&'')(i%+) (*? * 0%)i(i6 %@ i %& i33 %& i+, i($ ($%&'$() %)3-/%+i,+/@ /%&*'@ %&(*, */(i6i( *+, i+()( i+ ($ '3%i+'*+, 6i(*3 ($i+') % 3i@ ($ %i, i,*) i33 (&+, %&( % ,%%)*+, ($ i33 +% 6*/*+( )0%( (% $i/$ ($ /*+ (&+.

W$*(6 ($ ,i)%, * @ )$%&3, (% i( *) 3i((3 *) 0%))i3@ 3((i+' ($ $%3 *((+(i%+ '% %&( (% ($ /%+(* )(*( %$*3($. W &)( ,33 %+ ($ :Y)-i,*:@ *ii+' i($ *i($ ($*3i*(i%+ % %& $%0)@ )i+' %&)36) +,%, i($ ($(i&0$*+( &*3i(i) 3*/?. F% * )ii3* *)%+ )$%&3, +603% * % % %,) $i/$ /%++%() ,%&(. T$ 0$*))@ :I )$%&3,3i? (%:@ :I * '%i+' (% (:@ i *3i, ($ U+/%+)/i%&)@ /*+ %+3

0%,&/ * )(*( % 3%+'i+' % ,)i@ 6 ,i+( % ($ */(&*3

0$)i/*3 *+, +(*3 %,ii/*(i%+) * )?i+'.

Fi+*33@ )$%&3, +%( )0*? % ($ ,)i, i0%6+(+(i3 *) * ($i+' % ($ &(&. W )$%&3, *i ($*( ($ /$*+' $*)*3*, '&+@ *+, i33 /%+(i+& (% %0*( % *+, % *0i,3&+(i3 %& +, i) &33 *((*i+,.

H * * *03) % )0/i*3 )&'')(i%+) $i/$ * 0%6 &)&3.

F% ,*+)) H*6i+' /3%), ($ ) *+, 3*, %, *+,i+,@ )* (% %&)3 )%($i+' % ($i) +*(& :F% ($i) ,* %($ $*i+' i33 '*,&*33 i0%6. E*/$ ,* I )$*33 $* * 3i((3 ((.

G*,&*33 ($i) i0%6+( i33 /% % *+, % *0i, &+(i3@ i+* /%0**(i63 )$%( )0*/ % (i@ I )$*33 $* &i( 33 *+, I )$*33/%+(i+& (% ,% )% &+(i3 ($ +, % 3i.: A 0)%+ )&i+' %&+%&+,, *) *+, %%,i+') i'$( 0%/, *) %33%) :F% (%-

17




,* %+*, I )$*33 /% % *+, % /%+)/i%&) % *33 ($*( i)$*00@ 0%)i(i6 *+, /$&3. T$ ($%&'$() $i/$ +( i+, i33

)(%+' *+, $*3($&3 %+). I )$*33 '*i+ ,*i3 i+ )3-/%+i,+/@ )$*33 3i6 i+ %+ 0%)@ $i/$ i+,, *( ($ )* (i i33*+i)( ($)36) i+ '*( )(+'($. M 3i i) '%i+' )%%($@*)i@ i'$(. T$) /$*+') /% % ,* (% ,* %

0%%&+, i+ * )$%( )0*/ % (i I )$*33 $*6 i)+ (% * + 03*+ %3i@ *+, *33 ($ (%&3) $i/$ &), (% 003 i33 $*6 6*+i)$,*+, i33 +6 (&+.:

A *, % i'$( (*(, i+ )% )&/$ () *) ($):M % % (%,* %+ i33 i0%6 i+ 6 ,0*(+(. T$i0))i%+) /i6, i33 /3* *+, % ,i+i( I )$*33 (*i+($ *&(%*(i/*33 *+, i($%&( *+ %( %+ 0*(@ *+, $+ Ii)$ (% /*33 ($ ($ i33 i,i*(3 0)+( ($)36) i+ ($i/%/( % (% i+,. T$i) i0%6+( i33 *//%03i)$,*0i,3@ *+, 6 )%%+ % i33 (( ($*+ i( $*) 6 +

%.:

Ii(*i3i( *+, *, (0 * 6 )&)/0(i3 (%*&(%)&'')(i%+ *+, i'$( ($&) (*(, :H+/%($ I )$*33 ,*i3'% % '%%, $&%, E&*+ii( *+, /$&3+)) i33 /% +%*3 )(*() % i+,@ *+, i+ * )$%( (i *33 ($ 3i((3 $*00+i+')% 3i i33 /i6, i+ ($i) )0ii(. I )$*33 * /+( % /$ *+,

$30&3+)) (% ($%) *%&( @ i+/(i+' ($ i($ %+ '%%,$&%@ *+, ($i) /$&3 %%, i33 /% )% $*i(&*3 ($*( +%($i+'/*+ % % i(.:

A)($* i) * ,i)*) $i/$ $*) *3*) *3, *+, )(i33 *3)($ %,i+* ($%,) % ,i/i+. I( $*) )$%+ i()3@ $%6@ i+C%&4:) 0i+/@ 0-i++(3 )&)/0(i3 (% *&(%)&'')(i6

(*(+(. P*(i/&3* )&'')(i%+) % i() %6*3 i'$( (*? ($i) %:F% ($i) ,* %*, *($i+' i33 /% *0i,3 *)i. #&i(i($%&( ?+%3,'@ *+, i($%&( *+ %( %+ 0*(@

177




%'*+i) i33 ,% *33 ($*( i) +/))* (% )(% 0/( $*3($ (% 3&+') *+, %+/$i*3 0*))*'). I )$*33 *3 (% &+,'% *+ (i%+i($%&( i+/%+6+i+/. M *($i+' i33 @ ,0@ ,3i'$(&3. I)$*33 ,* i+ *33 ($ 0& $*3($-'i6i+' *i I +,@ *+, ($&) $%3))( i33 i+6i'%*(, *+, )(+'($+,. M%%6@ I )$*33 )30/*33 *+, 0*/&33@ i($ ($ *i& % )$+( *+, 0%)@)% ($*( I **? /$&3 *+, 3%%?i+' %*, i($ 03*)& (% ($ ,*:)(*)?). T$i) 0%/)) $*) ($i) ,* '&+ *+, i+ * )$%( (i I )$*33 $%33 *+, 0*++(3 )(%, (% $*3($.:

I( i33 +%(i/, ($*( */$ % ($) )&'')(i%+) /%0i)) ($)(*') 1 I,i*( /%+/+( % ($ *3i%*(i%+. 2 R*0i,

0%')). ! C%03( *+, 0*++( /&. W$i3 ($i) )/$ i) +%())+(i*3@ i( i) * /%+6+i+( %+ *+, )$%&3, &(i3i, $+6*003i/*3. T$ *03) * *, *) ($ i)( *&(%)&'')(i%+) %

0)%+) + (% ($ ($%,. O+ )&//,i+' %//*)i%+) ($ 0$*) :%($i) ,* %($@: % i() 6*i*+()@ )$%&3, 03*/, * )(*(+( ($*(

($ *3i%*(i%+ $*) *3*, '&+. T$&)@ i+ ($ /*) % ($ *)($*(i/@:M *($i+' i) *3*, /%i+' *)i@: (/.

P*(i/&3* )&'')(i%+)@ ($%&'$ )&)i,i* i+ 6*3& (% ($'+*3 %&3*@ * *( (i) % 6 '*( )6i/. T$ '+*3%&3* 3%%?) *( ($ %&+,*(i%+) % %& 3i@ &i3,i+' i+ ($ ,0($)$ /*++%( ) % * $*. P*(i/&3* )&'')(i%+) * &)&3 %+

($ )&*/. ($i *+) /*+ ,*3 i($ i+,i6i,&*3 ,ii/&3(i) *)($ *i). T$ (% ($%,) * /%03+(*.

P*(i/&3* )&'')(i%+) 0%6 6 6*3&*3 i+ i+%/i+' *+,+,i+' 0*++( ($ /() %(*i+, ($ (/$+i& %%6/%i+' 0*i+@ $i/$ i33 %&(3i+, i+ ($ +( /$*0(. %/%+/i+' ($ *((*/? )$%&3, )i( ,%+@ /3%) %& ) *+, )*

/*33 *+, /%+i,+(3 (% %&)36) :I * +% '%i+' (% i, )3 %($i) 0*i+.: W$+ ($ ,)i, )&3( $*) + %(*i+, )$%&3,)&'')( ($*( ($ )(*( % *) *+, 0*i+3))+)) +% -)(*3i)$, i33

178




0*++(@ ($*( ($ */(, 0*( i33 *0i,3 (%+, &0 i+(% */%+,i(i%+ % +%*3 $*3($@ *+, i33 *i+ *3*) i+ ($*( ,)i*3)(*(. S$%&3, $*6 %(*i+, %+3 * 3))+i+' % ($ (%&3 i($%&(i() /%03( %6*3 %& )&'')(i%+ )$%&3, (*? ($ % :I $*6%(*i+, * /%+)i,*3 ,' % 3i@ *+, i+ ($ +( i+&() i(i33 /% /%03(. I )$*33 )(%, (% +%*3 /%+,i(i%+ %$*3($ *+, )$*33 /%+(i+& )% % ($ &(&.: T$&) %& *))*&3( &0%+ ($

0*i+ i) *, &+, ($ )( /%+,i(i%+)@ *+, )$%&3, i+ 6 /*) 0%6)&//))&3. W )$%&3, 03% 0*(i/&3* )&'')(i%+) *3)% %%6/%i+' ($ ,ii/&3(i) $i/$ /%+%+( &) % (i (% (i i+ %&

,*i3 3i6)@ *+, % )/&i+' ($ &33 )&//)) % *+ (*)? (*? i+$*+,. T$ &) % ($ '+*3 )&'')(i%+ i33 '*,&*33 )(+'($+ %&)3-/%+i,+/@ &+(i3 )$*33 0/( )&//)) i+ *+ +(0i) %$i/$ ($ *)%+ *00%6). &( &+(i3 ($i) /%+)&*(i%+ i) */$,@&+(i3 %& *3*+/ % )3-/%+i,+/ i) *,&*( % *33 %& +,)@ /*+ %(*i+ *+ %6,*( % i,i*( &) *+) % 0*(i/&3*)&'')(i%+.

W $*6 *3*, )+ ($*( ($ ,i+)i%+) % *+ %)(*/3,0+, *( 3*)( *) &/$ &0%+ %& +(*3 *((i(&, (%*,) i( *) &0%+ i()i+(i+)i/ ,ii/&3(. T$ +&*)($+i/ $% i*'i+) $ /*++%( i) %$i) , /*++%( ,% )% /*&) ($i) )i03 %0*(i%+ i) +,%, $i)i+, i($ i+) ,ii/&3(. T$ '*( *)) % +%*3 0%03/%i( ($ )* *&3( i+ * 3)) ,'. T$i +' i) 0+,, i+,%i+' ($i ,*i3 %?@ *+, 0*(3 i+ %6/%i+' ($ )i)(*+/ i+ ($i

%+ i+,). ($ */(i%+ % ($ 3* % 6), %( ($ +'*(i6i,* ($ %)( &+(3 i+') ($i %() (% +*&'$(@ *+, ($ 6(i%+) ($ *? /%+,+ ($i */(i6i(i) (% *i3&.

F% ($i) *)%+ i( i) +/))*@ % &+,(*?i+' *+ (*)?$i/$ )) (% &) ,ii/&3(@ (% )&'')( ($*( i( i) i+ */( *). W /3%)%& ) *+, )* &i(3 (% %&)36)@ :T$ %? I $*6 (% ,% i) *)@

&i( *). Si+/ i( i) *) I /*+ ,% i(@ *+, I )$*33 ,% i( i/i+(3 *+,)&//))&33. M%%6@ I )$*33 +% ,%i+' i( i( i33 'i6 03*)&@ $%3 0)%+*3i( i33 *003 i()3 $*%+i%&)3 (% ($ (*)?@ *+,

179




($ )&3() i33 6+ %+, 0/(*(i%+.: W )$%&3, ,33 %+($) i,*)@ 0*(i+' ($ (*+&i33 *+, %(3))3. S%%+ %& i+,i33 /% )+@ &33 % $%0 *+, /%+i,+/. T$+ /*+ 'i+ (%($i+? %&( %& ($%, % 0%/,&@ (% 3( ($ i+, ,33 %+ ($ *+)

)( )&i(, (% *((*i+ %& %/(. Si+/ ($ i0,i+() /*(, **+, *+i( * +% %6, %& i,*) i33 3% 3@ %& 03*+) i33/%+)(&/( ($)36) i+ ($ &i( % ($ i+,@ *+, )$*33 /% (% ($*/(&*3 %? i($ * /*(i6 6i'% *+, )i+'3+)) % 0&0%).

* )ii3* 0%/,& ($ 0%3) % /%+,&/( $i/$ ,)%3&(i%+ /%+)/i%&) ($%&'$( i33 &+(3 i3, (% *&(%)&'')(i%+.W$+ * :*( %& i(): +,@: *) ($ )*i+' '%)@ (% ,i)/%6 ($ )(

0*($ %&( % * ,i3*@ $+ /$%i/ (+ /%+3i/(i+' 0%))ii3i(i))) i0%))i3@ i( i) %) ($*+ &)3)) (% /%+(i+& ($ )(&''3. T$3* % 6), %( i) *( %? 0**3i+' %& +(*3 */&3(i). W)$%&3, 0&( i( *)i,@ 3( ($ *6) % %( )&)i,@ *+, )&'')( (%%&)36) ($*( *( * 0*(i/&3* 0%i+( % (i ($ )%3&(i%+ i33 /% (% &)

% i() %+ *//%,. I /*+ /%+6+i+(3 ,% )%@ i( i) 33 (% 3( * 0i%, % )30 i+(6+@ (% )&'')( ($*( ($ )%3&(i%+ i33 /% (% &)%+ ($ %% % ,&i+' )30 ($ U+/%+)/i%&) i) 3( &+,i)(&, (%*3i i+ i() %+ * ($ +, $*6 /%+)/i%&)3 )( % i(.

T$i) %0*(i%+ %(+ (*?) 03*/ )0%+(*+%&)3@ *) $+ * 0%3 3( &+)%36, ($ +i'$( % i3,) i() )%3&(i%+ *00*+(3

*+ i+)0i*(i%+ $+ *i) i+ ($ %+i+'. :S30 %+ i(: )(i33 *i+)($ )( /%&+)3 % ($%) i+ 003i(@ &( ($ )$%&3, 0*/ ($i)3&) ($ 0%)i(i6 *&(%)&'')(i%+ ($*( %+ *?i+' ($ i33 i+,($ ,ii/&3( )%36,. I+ ($i) /%++/(i%+ i( i) i+()(i+' (% +%( ($*(*&(%)&'')(i%+ i) *3*, i,3 *, &) % *) * *+) % *?i+' *(* 0*(i/&3* $%&. A 0)%+ $% *33) *)30 i($ ($ i,* i+ $i) i+,% ($ (i *( $i/$ $ i)$) (% *?@ i33 *? *( ($*( (i. I( *

*,,, ($*( $6 )30 i) &(i3i, % ($ *3i*(i%+ % 0*(i/&3*

)&'')(i%+)@ ($) )&'')(i%+) )$%&3, *, i+ *,,i(i%+ (% ($'+*3 %&3*@ i($ i,i*(3 % % i,i*(3 *( ($)$%&3, +%( )&)(i(&(, % i(.

18<




Wi($ )% *3i/(i%+)@ )&/$ *) i()@ ($ *((*/? i) %(+ )% )&,,+

*+, &+0/(, ($*( ($ 0*(i+( i) )i((+ ,%+ % $ $*) * /$*+/(% ,+, $i)3. P*(i/&3* )&'')(i%+) )$%&3, *i, i)( % *33 *()/&i+' ,& *+i+' % ($ *00%*/$i+' *((*/?. W )$%&3, 03%)&/$ () *) ($) :I+ &(& I )$*33 *3*) ?+% 33 i+ *,6*+/$+ * i( i) /%i+' %+. I )$*33 *03 *+, % i() *00%*/$.W$+ ($) *+i+') %//& I )$*33 3 +% * % *+i(. I )$*33 &i( /%+i,+( % 0% (% *6( i(.: A) )%%+ *) ($ *+i+' /%)

*) i( i33 /%@ &+i)(*?*3($ )& )$%&3, i)%3*( $i)3

*+, &) * 0*(i/&3* )&'')(i%+ (% 06+( ($ i( % ,63%0i+'. H)$%&3, i)( )&'')( /*3 *+, )3-/%+(%3@ ($+ *i 0*(,3@ &(% /%&) i($%&( %(@ ($*( ($ +%*3 )(*( % $*3($ i) *))(i+'i()3@ ($*( ($ i+, i) &33 &+, /%+(%3@ *+, ($*( +%($i+' /*+ ,i)(&i() *3*+/. A33 )&,,+ 0*%))@ 3i*3 (% (*? &) &+0/(,3@)$%&3, (*(, ($ )* ($%,@ $i/$ i+ C%&4:) 0i+/ $*)*03 &)(ii, i()3.

N6%&) (%&3) *+, 6i%3+( %(i%+)@ )&/$ *) * *+, *+'@%(+ 0)) ($)36) 0$)i/*3 %6+(). F* * /*&)(3i+'@ 0*30i(*(i%+@ /$*((i+' % ($ (($ *+' * 6i%3+(/3+/$i+' % ($ i)(). *&,%&i+ *,6i)) ($*( 0*(i/&3* )&'')(i%+) i+($) /*)) )$%&3, ,i/(, *($ *'*i+)( ($ %(% 0))i%+ ($*+*'*i+)( ($ 0)/$i/ /*&)@ ($*( %& *i )$%&3, (% /&3(i6*( * )(*( %

0$)i/*3 i0*))i6+)). &( )i+/ * 0%)i(i6 )&'')(i%+ 0%)))))

'*( %/ ($*+ * +'*(i6@ i( %&3, ) (( (% *((*/?)i&3(*+%&)3 %($ ($ /*&) *+, ($ /(. I+)(*, % *+'@ )&'')(($*( %& i33 3 )0*($@ 0*(i+/@ '%%, $&%@ *+, /%+)&+(3($*( %& %,i3 )(*( i33 *) *+, &+/%+)(*i+,.

A % % 0*(i/&3* )&'')(i%+ $i/$ 0%))))) ,i)(i+/(*,6*+(*') % i() %+ i) ($ &i( 0(i(i%+ % * )i+'3 %,. I %&i+, i) ,i)(*/(, *+, /%+&),@ )i( ,%+@ /3%) %& )@ *+,&& )3%3 *+, 3/(i63 ($ )i+'3 %, :C*3:. S* i(6+(3@ ,*i+' i( %&( (% i() &33 3+'($ *+, 0*&)i+' *( */$

181




0(i(i%+. G*,&*33 %& i+, i33 )(i33, *+, &i(+,@ *+, %&i33 i33, i($ * )+) % $*%+ *+, 0*/. T$i) ($%, ))%)( *003i/*3 (% ($ *((*i++( % %*3 &*3i(i). A+ 6i3 0*))i%+/*+ &33, ($ &) % ($ %, ,+%(i+' ($ /%+(* 6i(&. T$

0% % ($ %, ,0+,) 3*'3 &0%+ i() *)($(i/ *+, %*3*))%/i*(i%+). W%,) 3i? %@ )(+'($@ 3%6@ 0&i(@ ,+%(i+' ($$i'$)( i,*3) % ($ $&*+ i+,@ 0%)))) '*( 0%(+/ *+, */*0*3@ ($&) &),@ % ,i)033i+' +(*3 )(*() i+ $i/$ ($i %00%)i()

0,%i+*(. T$ +* R3/(i6 S&'')(i%+@ $i/$ *&,%&i+*003i) i+,i+(3 (% *33 *&(%)&'')(i%+) i+,&/, ($ )&/(:)

%+ /$%i/@ i'$( 33 )6, % ($i) )0/ii/ % % 0*(i/&3*)&'')(i%+.

T$ i3, % ($ /i) % 0*(i/&3* )&'')(i%+) i) 0*/(i/*33 3ii(3)). W$+6 %& 3 * +, % ((+(@ %$*(6 +*(& i( * @ * 0*(i/&3* )&'')(i%+ i33 $30 %&. &( i(&)( %+/ % 0*(, ($*( ($) 0*(i/&3* )&'')(i%+) *

3 *i,) *+, *&i3i*i)@ $i/$ *@ i 3i)& i) )/*+(@ +'3/(,.

182




C'APT$R :6 - 'o8 to Deal 8ith Pain

PAIN@ $($ % i+, % %,@ i+(%,&/) * + 3+( %$i/$ $*6 $i($(% *, +% 0%6i)i%+. %+%0%3ii+' ($*((+(i%+ i( ?0) ($ /%+)/i%&) i+, &33 *3( *+, )% 06+() %+% *((*i+i+' ($ *)& % %&(/%00i+' +,&3 (% i+i(i*()&//))&33 *+ *&(%)&'')(i%+. T$&) i i+(%,&/ ($ :+%-0*i+: i,*i+(% ($ /%+)/i%&)@ i( i) %6$3, i() /%+(*0*i+@ *+, ($

0*(i+(:) /%+,i(i%+ /%)@ i *+($i+'@ %).

T% %6/% ($i) ,ii/&3( &i( * + ($%, i) &i,. I )0*? * ($%&'$(@ ($*( ($%&'$(@ $i3 )0*? i(@ &)( %//&0 %&i+,). W /%&3, +%( )0*? i( &+3)) ($%&'$( i(. /%+(i+&*330*(i+' :I $*6 +% 0*i+: ($ )& /%+)(*+(3 +) ($*( ($%&'$( i+$i) i+,. U+%(&+*(3@ *( */$ 0(i(i%+ ($ 0*i+-($%&'$(i+)i+&*() i()3@ )% ($*( ($ i+, %)/i33*() (+ :I $*6 +% 0*i+:*+, :I $*6 )% 0*i+:@ % :I $*6 * *, 0*i+:. &( i 0*( %&

0$*) )% *0i,3 ($*( ($ /%+(* *))%/i*(i%+ $*) +% (i (% i+)(i()3@ /%03 ($ i+, i33-+i33 (% ,33 %+ i(. T$&) * )$

0*($ */$ ($ )* '%*3 *) ($*( *((*i+, i+,&/, %&(/%00i+'

/*&) *+ i,* (% *i+ i+ %//&0*(i%+ % ($ i+, i($%&( /*33i+'&0 * /%+(* *))%/i*(i%+. T$i) %&+, (% ($ 0i /%+,i(i%+ %*//0(*(i%+@ *+, i+ */( ($i) *+) /*+ /%03 ($ U+/%+)/i%&)(% *3i ($ :+%-0*i+: ($%&'$( *+, )% 0&( *+ +, (% ($ 0*i+.

&( ($ )+(+/ :I $*6 +% 0*i+: ,%) +%( 3+, i()3 (% *0i,0(i(i%+. E6+ i ,(%&) +%&'$ (% *(i/&3*( ($ %,)

)&//))&33@ )$%&3, %+3 ( i($ * + ,ii/&3(. T$ %)(0$*(i/ %, i+ ($ 0$*) i) :0*i+: i+6%3&+(*i3 )$%&3, i+,

18!




%&)36) )())i+' ($i) %, i($ 0*(i/&3* %/@ )% )(+'($+i+' i+%& i+,) ($ 6 i,* * (i+' (% ,i)3%,'.

W )$*33 ,% )( (% /%0 *) /3%)3 *) /*+ C%&4:) %+ 0%/,&. T$ 0$*) $ &))@ :^* 0*))@: *?) +% +(i%+ % ($$&( i( i) (3 *) (% )*@ *+, i( 0%,&/) *+ &+%?+ )(* %)%&+,@ 3i? ($ $i % * */$i+ % ($ *'+ii, & % *+ i+)/(@$i/$@ *) i( @ /*i) ($ i+, % i() (. T$ 0$*)/%+,, *&,%&i+@ :I( i) 0*))i+' %:@ 0%,&/) +% )&/$ /(@*+, i+ */( ,i) *33 %& *((0() (% 0*( i( &i/?3. O+ ($ $%3@($ %)( )&i(*3 E+'3i)$ 6)i%+ )) (% :I(:) '%i+':. O+3 ($%, :'%i+': )$%&3, 0*(,@ *+, ($ (*(+( )$%&3, /%+/3&,i($ ($ 0$*(i/ )(*(+( :'%+>: T$ %, :'%i+':@ *0i,3 '*3,@'i6) ($ i0))i%+ % * /$*+i/*3 ,i33@ i(i+' i() * i)i)(i3i+(% )% $*, )&)(*+/. W /*+ ($i+? % i( *) ,i33i+' ($ ,)i,($%&'$( i+(% ($ i+,.

I %& * )&i+' % *+ )6 0*i+@ )&/$ *) (%%($*/$ %$*,*/$@ )i( ,%+@ /3%) %& ) *+, *))& %&)3 /*33 ($*(%& * '%i+' (% '( i, % i(. N% '+(3 )(%? i($ %& $*+, ($*/(, 0*( *+, 0*( *( ($ )* (i *) *)( *) %& /*+@ 0%,&/i+'* /%+(i+&%&) )(* % )%&+,@ ($ %,) :I(:) '%i+'@ '%i+'... '%+>:K0 i( &0 % *%&( * i+&(@ 0*&)i+' %+3 (% (*? * ,0 *($ $++/))*@ *+, &)i+' ($ %, :'%+: %+3 *( ($ /%+/3&)i%+ % ($

$%3 0%/,i+'. A( ($ +, % ($i) (i ($ 0*i+ i33 i($ $*6+(i3 /*), % *( 3*)( )+)i3 **(,. I ($ 0*i+ $*) /*),)&'')( ($*( i( i33 +%( (&+ i i( $*) %+3 ,ii+i)$, )&'')( ($*( i(i33 )$%(3 0*)) ** *3(%'($. N% (&+ (% $*(6 03%+(%& +'*', i+ $+ ($ 0*i+ '*+. L( %($ i+()() %//&0%& *((+(i%+. I i+ * *)%+*3 )0*/@ )* $*3 *+ $%&@ ($ 0*i+ )(i33(%&3) %&@ i)%3*( %&)3 *'*i+@ )&'')( %+/ % ($*( %& *'%i+' (% *)( i(@ *+, 0*( ($ 0%/,&.

18"




I( i) +% *''*(i%+ (% )* ($*( ($i) 0%/)) *+ 0*i+ /*+ *)(,. I( * ($*( %& i33 $*6 (% (&+ )6*3 (i) (% ($*((*/?@ % ($*( ($ 0*i+ i33 /*) %+3 (% (&+ *'*i+. &( ,% +%( ,i)/%&*', *((*/? i( i3 *+, %& i33 )&//,.

T$ )* 0%/,& i) &*33 /(i6 i($ ,i)())i+' )(*()% i+,%@ *@ ,)0%+,+/. I+ )&/$ /*)) ($ )(%?i+'%6+( % ($ $*+, )$%&3, *003i, (% ($ %$*,.

E6+ i+ ($i) /i) +% % %( )$%&3, &), ($*+ i)+/))*. Si03 0*( *0i,3 ($ %, $i/$ i+%) %& ($*( ($(%&3 i) '%i+'@ *+, 3( ($i)@ i($ ($ )(%?i+' %6+( % ($ $*+,@$i/$@ *) i( @ i) ($ *((+(i%+ (% ($*( 0*(i/&3* )0%(@ ($ )&*+, )&)(*+/ % %& %(. Wi($ 0*/(i/ i( i33 /% *)i@ %&i33 :,%0 i+(% i(: ($*( i) (% )*@ ($ U+/%+)/i%&) i33 0% ($*,*0(*(i%+) +/))* (% *? i( % /(i6. A( * (i %&)$%&3, *3 (% %(*i+ 3i i+ (+( (% (+(-i6 )/%+,). &(($ /( i) )(i33 % *-*/$i+' %& i33 ,3i6, % ($ *% 0*i+. R'*,i+' %&)3 *) i() *)(@ %& i33 *3 i($ ($ ($*( % (*(+( (% 06+( i( % ,63%0i+'.

I( * ($*( ($ 0*i+ *((*/?) %& i+ ($ )((@ % i+ )% 0&3i/ 03*/ $ ($ *&,i3 0(i(i%+ % ($ 0$*) %&3, *((*/(

*((+(i%+. I+ ($*( /*) i( i) )( (% /3%) ($ ) % * %+( *+,%&3*( ($i) 0*(i/&3* )&'')(i%+ :I )$*33 +%( *,, (% ($i) (%&3 ($i+?i+' *%&( i( i+, i33 %//&0i, %($ ($i+') &( %+ ($i)( %00%(&+i( I )$*33 *? i( 0*)) **.: T$+ *) )%%+ *) %& /*+/%+6+i+(3 ,% )% *? &) % ($ 0$*) :I(:) '%i+':. W$+ %& $*6

/% 0( i+ ($ &) % ($i) % % )&'')(i%+ %& i33 *3 (%%/i) ($ (%&3 0*(i+' ($ 0$*) +(*33*( *+ *( i($ %,) * %&(3i+, i($ ($ 3i0) *+, (%+'&. &( ($ 'i++

)$%&3, 3 % * (i +(i3 %+ *&,i3 (*(+(. ,%00i+' i( (%%)%%+ $ i33 %+3 i)? ,i)*00%i+(+(.

185




I( )%(i) $*00+) ($*( * 0*(i+( i) )% 0%)(*(, 0*i+ %i) ($*( $ $*) +%( ($ +' (% &+,(*? 6+ ($ 0(i(i%+ %($ %, :'%i+':. T$ 0*i+-($%&'$( )% %)))) ($ i+, ($*( ($ )(*(% 0*i+3))+)) )) (%% %( 6+ (% /%+(03*(. U+, ($)/i/&)(*+/) i( )) )( (% 03% ($i) )(*('. Li ,%+ %+ *

,@ )%*@ % *-/$*i *+, 3* %($ i+, *+, %,. C*) % *33%($i/$ /*+ %+3 *? ($i+') %)*+, 3( ($ 0*i+-($%&'$($*6 i() *. A( * (i %& +'i) i33 'i+ (% /%33/(($)36)@ %& i+, (% *))( i() /%+(%3. N% *? * i)&'')(i%+ % )&//)) *+, *003 ($ ($%,. G( *+%($ 0)%+ (%

$30 %&@ *) C%&4 $30) $i) 0*(i+()@ 0%i+' ($ 0*))) i($ ($$*+, *+, 0*(i+' ($ 0$*) i($ %&. ($i) *+) %& /*+ *?)& % )&//)). T$i) )i+'3 /%+(*,i/(% 0%/,i+' i) *+*3%'%&)(% ($*( % ($ *+'3 :03*i+': * i)$. H *i() (i33 i( $*) &+ i() /%&)

% i+'i+' i) 0%)i(i6 )%&/) i+(% 03*.

*&,%&i+ /%+,) *+ *+*3%'%&) 0%/,i+' *) * *0%+

*'*i+)( i+)%+i*. T$ 0*(i+(@ $ )*)@ )$%&3, *0i,3 0*( ($ 0$*):I * '%i+' (% )30: 3((i+' $i) i+, )0( ** * (%+( %%,). O+/ % ($ %/(i%+ *i)) ($*( ($ 0$*) :I * '%i+' (%)30: i) +%( )&/$ *) /*+ *0i,3 0*(. &( 6+ i )&)(i(&(% i( )% )i03 0$*) $i/$ /*+ *)i3 *(i/&3*(, i( i) ,%&(&3$($ i( i33 )&//, i+ % ($*+ * )*33 0/+(*' % /*)).S&//)) i) % 3i?3 (% *((+, &) i *6*i3 %&)36) % ($ ($%,% 3/(i6 0(i(i%+@ +(i%+, i+ ($ 3*)( /$*0(. W )$%&3, (*?

&0 ($ 0%)i(i%+ %)( *6%*3 (% )3& *+, ($+ 0*( )3%3 *+,/%+(03*(i63 ($ %, :S30:. T$ % i0)%+*3 %& *((i(&,(%*,) ($ i,*@ ($ % *0i,3 i( i33 *3i, i+ %& %+)3&).

P*i+ i) * ,*+' )i'+*3 i+%i+' &) ($*( )%($i+' i) *i))i($ %& 0$)i/*3 %'*+i). I( $*)@ ($%@ + %/(, ($*( C%&4:)

($%, % %6i+' 0*i+ * % &) % * 6*3&*3 *+i+' %i+/i0i+( i33@ *+, )% 0i( )% ,i)%, (% ,63%0 &+)&)0/(,. T$i)%&3, (& i ($ ($%, 06+(, ($ *00**+/ % 0*i+. &( i(

18




,%) +%(. I( %6) ($ 0*i+ *( i() *00**+/ ($*( i) (% )*@ *(($ *+i+' $*) + 'i6+. E6+ i($ ($ %)( /%03( *)( %($i) (/$+i& )$%&3, )(i33 /%+)/i%&) % ($ *00%*/$ % 0*i+@($%&'$ )$%&3, *3 (% 06+( i() ,63%0+( *+, 0)i)(+/.I+ *33 ($) *(() $*6 (% /i) ,i)/(i%+. T$ *+ $% &+)(% $i) 0$)i/i*+ i($ 6 (i3i+' i'*i+ i) i+ * *i * (%*,)

/%i+' * $0%/$%+,i*/ &( ($ *+ $% i'+%) ($ /3*)0(%) % *00%*/$i+' ,i)*) */() i+ * *++ &*33 %%3i)$.W$+ 0*i+ /%) )$%&3, i+ *33 /*)) %6 i( &( i ($/i/&)(*+/) 3*, &) (% )&)0/( ($ 0)+/ % )i%&) i33 )$%&3,

/%+)&3( %& 0$)i/i*+@ *+, i %& *) * /%+i,@ *((*/? ($,i)%, %($ ,i/*3 (*(+( *+, *&(%)&'')(i%+.

F&+(3@ $%6@ 0*i+ (*/$) &) +%($i+'. T$ 0)i)(+((%+( % * %&+, % * &i) i) i($%&( 0*/(i/*3 6*3&. I+,,@ i( i)* )i%&) $i+,*+/ (% $*3i+'. :H*3i+' i) '*(3 *i,,@: )*) D ;. A.H*,i3,@1 : ($ *%3i(i%+ % 0*i+@ )% ($*(@ i ($ i+, /*+ *%3i)$

0*i+@ i( i33 *(i*33 *i, i+ /&i+' %'*+i/ ,i)*).: T$i) i) +(i3 i+3i+ i($ ($ 0i+/ % M. C%&4. H $*) %&+, ($*( ($ &) % ($(/$+i& ,)/i, *%6 () * +i/i*3 i+3&+/@ +%( %+3 %+($ 0*i+@ &( %+ i() /*&) ($*( i( %6) ($ 0*i+ *3i%*(i+' ($

0*($%3%'i/*3 /%+,i(i%+ % $i/$ i( )&3().

1 A(. :T$ Mi+, *+, ($ *i+@: I%(*3i(@ 0. 51.

187




C'APT$R :: - Autosuggestion and the Child

IN (*(i+' /$i3,+ i( )$%&3, , ($*(*&(%)&'')(i%+ i) 0i*i3 +%( * , &( * *+) % i+)&i+'$*3($ '%($. I( )$%&3, +%( )6, % (i) $+ ($ /$i3, i))i/?@ &( 0%6i,, ,*i3@ i($ ($ )* '&3*i( *) *3).

C$i3,+ '% &0 *?3 +%( % 3*/? % +'@ &( /*&)% * *)( *+, i)*003i/*(i%+ % i(. T$ i++ /%+3i/(@ +/))i(*(, ($ /%+(i+&*3 0%/)) % *,*0(*(i%+ $i/$ /*33 '%($@ i) %(+ %&i( &++/))* 6i%3+/@ +%( %+3 *?i+' * '*( (0%*,*+, %+ ($ /$i3,:) 6i(*3 +'@ &( 6+ 3%/?i+' i( &0 i+ ($U+/%+)/i%&) i+ ($ % % :/%03)@: )% ($*( i() &(& 3i i),0i6, % * 0%(i%+ % i() ,& 6i(*3i(. A i) &) % *&(%)&'')(i%+/*+ $30 (% 0/3&, ($) ,i)*)(). G%($ /*+ %,, *+,/%+(%33,. T$ +/))* /%+3i/() /*+ %&'$( (% * )&//))&3i))&@ ($ &++/))* %+) *6%i,,.

A&(%)&'')(i%+ * 6 33 'i+ % ($ /$i3, i) %+. I(

i) * *(( % /%%+ ?+%3,' ($*( * %($ &)( )$i3,,,&i+' 0'+*+/ % *+ 0i+/ i+6%36i+' )$%/? % i'$(@$i/$ * ( * $*&3 /( %+ ($ ,63%0i+' %@ *+, *i+ ( /*)) )&3( i+ *%(i%+@ % i+ 0$)i/*3 ,%i( % +(*3*?+)) i+ ($ /$i3,. I+)(*+/) % ($i) i33-/( $*6 %(+ +%)6,@ *+, ($ 3i+? (+ /*&) *+, /( *00*)&+i)(*?*3.1 T$ )) '%%, *)%+ (% 3i6 ($*( ($) /*)) *

0*(3 ,& (% )0%+(*+%&) *&(%)&'')(i%+) %0*(i+' i+ ($ *(+*3

U+/%+)/i%&) )i+/ ,&i+' 0'+*+/ ($ %($ %3,) $ 3i((3 %++%( %+3 ($ %%, )$ *() &( *3)% ($ ($%&'$() )$ ($i+?). T$

1 S *&,%&i+ S&'')(i%+ *+, A&(%)&'')(i%+@ 00. 92-5.

188




$i'$(+, %(i%+*3i( /$**/(i)(i/ % ($i) )(*( )0*?) *+i+/*), (+,+/ (% %&(/%00i+'@ *+, )% *+ i+/*), )&'')(ii3i(.T$&) )0%+(*+%&) *&(%)&'')(i%+) * * % 0%(+( ($*+ i+ ($+%*3 /%&) % 3i. &(@ $*00i3@ i+,&/, *&(%)&'')(i%+) * *i,,

($ )* /%+,i(i%+)@ )% ($*( ($ %($ **? (% $ 0%) *+,,&(i) /*+ ,% *) &/$ '%%, *) ($ i'+%*+( * ,% $*.

Wi($%&( '%i+' i+(% ,*(*3 &)(i%+)@ % ,i/*3 *&($%i(i)* )(i33 * % &+*+i%&) %+ ($) *(()@ %+ /*+ i+, *+$30&3 *) % *i,i+' *+, +i(i+' ($ '%i+' 3i *&(%-)&'')(i6 *+). T$ %($ )$%&3, *6%i, i($ % ($*+ %,i+*/* *33 )&/()@ $($ i+ *,i+' % /%+6)*(i%+@ $i/$ * %+6i3 i+ *+ %@ *+, )$ )$%&3, )? $*(6 &03i() ($ i+, *+,&+i)$) i( i($ *&(i&3 *+, %%&) ($%&'$(. &( ($ (/$+i/*3($%,) % *&(%)&'')(i%+ /*+ *3)% %&'$( i+(% */(i%+.

T$ %($ )$%&3, )&'')( (% $)3 ($*( $ %'*+i) i)&+i)$i+' ($ '%i+' 3i i($ *33 i( +,)@ *+, ($*( ($ /$i3, i33 )(%+' *+, $*3($ i+ i+,@ i+ %,@ *+, i+ /$**/(.

T$) )&'')(i%+) )$%&3, i+ '+*3 () *i+' %+&*3i(i) % &+,%&(, '%%,@ % %6i%&)3 i( i) +%( ,)i*3 (% ,i+*+ i+,0+,+( 3i (%% +*%3. T$ +, /%+)i)( %+3 % *

)+(+/)@ *+, )$%&3, %&3*(, +i'$( *+, %+i+' i,i*(3 % % *( ($ '+*3 %&3*. F&($%@ $+ ($ %($:)($%&'$() ,&i+' ($ ,* )(* (% ($ )&/( % $ /$i3,@ )$ /*+ (*?($i) %00%(&+i( (% 0*( ($ $%3 % )% 0*( % ($ 0*(i/&3*)&'')(i%+ )$ $*) /$%)+. T$) )i03 *)&) i33 )&i/.A+ &+,& (+,+/ % ($ i+, (% ,33 %+ ($ ($%&'$( % ($ /$i3,@6+ i+ ($ % % '%%, )&'')(i%+)@ )$%&3, +%( +/%&*',. A+%*3 +(*3 3i i) i+ i()3 ($ )( % /%+,i(i%+) % ($ 3* %

%($ %($ *+, /$i3,. F% $ %+ )*? $%6 ($ %($ i'$(33 )&'')( ($*( ($ ,3i6 i33 0*i+3)) *+, *).

189




T$ %+3 ,i/( *+) % *&(%)&'')(i%+ *003i/*3 (% ($ /$i3,% )% %+($) *( i($ i) ($*( % ($ /*))@ ($%&'$ i( &)( , ($*( ($ +(*3 )(*() % %($ *+, +&) * *3*,)(*0i+' ($)36) %+ ($ 3i((3 i+,@ %i+' i( i+6i(*3 % ((% %). S$%&3, *+ )0/ii/ (%&3 *i)@ ($ ($%, % M33K*&i+*+( )$%&3, *003i, ($ %($. T*?i+' ($ /$i3, %+ $?+ )$ )$%&3, '+(3 /*)) ($ */(, 0*(@ ($i+?i+' ($ $i3 %i() i+)(*(+( i+ 0/( $*3($. I( )) '+*33 *,6i)*3 (%0)) ($) ($%&'$() i+ %,). O6i%&)3@ ($ %,) ($)36) i33*+ +%($i+' (% *+ i+*+( % (% % ($ %+($) &( ($ i33 $%3, ($

%($:) ($%&'$( i+ ($ i'$( /$*++3@ *+, ($i) ($%&'$(@ ($ (%+ %$ 6%i/@ ($ (%&/$ % $ $*+,@ i33 /%&+i/*(, (% ($ /$i3,.W$*( i) ($ 0)/$%3%'i/*3 +*(& % ($i) 0%/)) +, +%( i+&i@

&( ($ * i) 0)/$i/*33 *) 33 *) 0$)i/*33 )% ,0+,+( %+ ($%($ ($*( $ +(*3 )(*() * /%&+i/*(, *+) &i(i+/(i6 i($ *,&3(). L%6 i+ i()3 () * )&'')(i6 0% % ($$i'$)( %,.

W$+ ($ /$i3, )$%) )i'+) % &+,)(*+,i+' $*( i) )*i, (% i(@ % i( 'i+) i()3 (% )0*?@ ($ %33%i+' ($%, )$%&3, *003i,. A( ($ 3i((3 %+ $*) *33+ *)30 *( +i'$(@ ($ %($ +()($ %%@ (*?i+' /* +%( (% *? i(@ *+, )(*+,) *%&( * *, % ($$*, % ($ /%(. S$ 0%/,) ($+ (% %&3*( i+ * $i)0 )&/$)&'')(i%+) *) ) +/))*. I ($ /$i3, i) *i3i+' ($ )&'')(i%+i'$( (*? ($ % % ($ 0$*) :Y%& * '((i+' ((:@ 0*(,

(+( (i). I i( i) i+ $*3($ ($ '+*3 %&3* i33 )&i/.P*(i/&3* )&'')(i%+) * *3)% %&3*(, *i+' %+ ($ /$i3,:)$*3($@ /$**/(@ i+(33/(&*3 ,63%0+(@ (/. T$) % /%&) )$%&3,

i+ *//%,*+/ i($ ($ i+)(&/(i%+) 'i6+ i+ ($ /$*0( ,6%(, (% 0*(i/&3* )&'')(i%+). O+ i($,*i+'@ ($ %($ )$%&3, *'*i+ /*&3 +%( (% **?+ ($ 3i((3 %+. S$%&3, i( )$% )i'+) % *?i+'@($ $i)0, /%*+, :)30:@ 0*(, )6*3 (i)@ i33 3&33 i(*'*i+ (% )(. *&,%&i+ /%+,) ($*( ,&i+' ($) )&'')(i%+) ($

%($ )$%&3, 3* $ $*+, %+ ($ /$i3,:) %$*,. T$ *%6@$%6@ i) ($ ($%, 0, C%&4.

19<




T$i) +i'$(3 0*/(i/ i) ($ %)( /(i6 *+) % /%+6i+'*&(%)&'')(i%+) (% ($ /$i3,-i+,. I( )$%&3, *, * '&3* $*i($i/$ +%($i+' i) *33%, (% i+(&0(. I % *+ *)%+ ($ %($ i)&+*3 (% 0% i(@ $ 03*/ * (*?+ ($ *($@ ($ +&)@ %)% 3*(i6. &( % %6i%&) *)%+) ($ ,&( 3%+') i'$( (% ($%($@ *+,@ $+ * ?): 0*/(i/ $*) 6*3, i() )&i(*3

+i/+( 0%@ %($) i33 i33i+' (% ,3'*( i( (%)%%+ 3)) )&i(*3.

T$i) 0*/(i/@ *) )(*(, *%6@ * 33 'i+ % ($ /$i3,$*) */(&*33 3*+, (% )0*?@ % i() U+/%+)/i%&) i33 *3*, %i+' * )/$ % % 3)) ,i)(i+/( % ($ )i'+ii/*+/ % ($)%&+,) ($*( */$ i(@ *+, i33 +%( *i3 (% '*($ ($ '+*3 ,i( % ($%,) )0%?+. T$ ,*( *( $i/$ i( )$%&3, ,i)/%+(i+&, i) 3)) *)(% )0/i. G%($@ (% $*3($@ &)( /* i($ i( * '*,&*3 i+/*)i+ i+,0+,+/ *+, )3-)&i/i+/. T$ )) (% )% )3i'$(,*+' ($*( ($ 0*/(i/ % +i'$(3 )&'')(i%+)@ i /%+(i+&, (%% 3%+'@

i'$( 0%3%+' &+,&3 ($ )(*( % ,0+,+/ &0%+ 0*+(*3 )&00%(.R3i*3 i+,i/*(i%+) %+ ($i) 0%i+( * &+i)$,@ $%6@ ($ /$i3,i()3. A) )%%+ *) i( i) *3 (% */ i() ,*i3 0%3) % i()3 $+ i(+% 3%+' &+) (% ($ 0*+( % $30 *+, *,6i/ i+ 6 3i((3,ii/&3(@ ($ (i i33 $*6 *i6, % ($ 0*+(*3 )&'')(i%+) (%/*).

A) )%%+ *) * /$i3, i) *3 (% )0*? i( /*+ (*&'$( (% 0*( ($'+*3 %&3* +i'$( *+, %+i+' i+ ($ )* * *) *+ *,&3(.1

T$&) $+ ($ (i /%) (% ,i)/%+(i+& ($ 0*+(:))&'')(i%+)@ ($i /( i33 /*i, %+ ($%) ($ /$i3,%&3*() i()3. T$ i) %+ ($i+' % (% *,, i+ ($ /*) % %) i(%&3, ) (( *( ($ *' % )6+ % i'$( % ($ *($ (% 03*/

($ %($ i+ ($ %3 % )&'')(@ $i3 ($ %($@ % /%&)@

1 A % $($i/ %&3* % /$i3,+ %&3, I * '%i+' ,* ,*@ A (( % % 'i3 i+ 6 *.

191




0%) ($ %i/ ($%&'$%&( % $ 'i3). S$%&3, *+ )i'+) *00*($*( ($ 0i%, % 0&( i) i+'i+' i($ i( &+,& ,ii/&3(i) %

0i3)@ ($ +i'$(3 0*/(i/ i'$( )&, i+ ($ % % 0*(i/&3*)&'')(i%+) *i+' %+ ($ )0/ii/ ,ii/&3(i). I( &)( ,@ $%6@ ($*( ($ /$i3,:) )&*3 0%3 i) ))+(i*33,i+( % ($*( % ($ *,&3(@ *+, ($ )&'')(i%+) &)( ($% i+ ($ %)( '+*3 (). H *) 3)$ ($ +, *3%+ )$%&3, )&'')(,@ ($ U+/%+)/i%&) i+' 3( (% /$%%) i() %+ *+).

A) )%%+ *) ($ /$i3, $*) 3*+( (% )0*? i( )$%&3, +%( *33%, (% )& 0*i+. T$ )( ($%, (% *,%0( i) ($*( 0*/(i/, C%&4 i+ $i) /%+)&3(*(i%+). L( ($ /$i3, /3%) i() ) *+, 0*( i($($ 0*+(@ :I(:) '%i+'@ '%i+' . . . '%+>: $i3 ($ 3*(( '+(3 )(%?)($ */(, 0*(. &( *) )%%+ *) 0%))i3 ($ /$i3, )$%&3, +/%&*', (% %6/% )*33 ,ii/&3(i) % i()3@ &+(i3 ($ 0*+(:)$30 i) 6+(&*33 *3%)( ,i)0+), i($. T$i) i) * 0%&3 *+) %,63%0i+' )3-3i*+/ *+, %)(i+' ($ )+) % )&0i%i( (%

,ii/&3(i) $i/$ i33 i+6*3&*3 i+ 3*( 3i.

T$*( /$i3,+ *,i3 (*? (% ($ 0*/(i/ i) )$%+ ($)*03)@ $i/$ * *'*i+ &%(, % 3(() /i6, C%&4.

:Y%& %&+')( ,i)/i03 i) %& 3i((3 D*6i,. T$ 0%% 3i((3 /$*0

$*, *+ *//i,+( (%,*. G%i+' &0 i+ ($ 3i( i($ $i) *($@ $+ &i(%& ( &0@ $ 33 %&( %+ $i) $*, *+, %+ (% * $*, )(%+ 3%%. H*) *,3 &i), *+, )$%/?,@ *+, $+ 0&( (% , 3* )(i33 *+, ?0()*i+' ^* 0*))@ ^* 0*))@ %6 *+, %6 *'*i+@ *+, ($+ 3%%?, &0*+, )*i,@ +%@ +%( '%+ **. T%+i'$( $ )*i, *'*i+ ^* 0*)) *+,($+ *,,,@ +*3 '%+:. S% $ i) ((.

. K. L%+,%+. E6+ &i( (i+ /$i3,+ ) (% (*? (%C%&4:) ($%, % ,*3i+' i($ 0*i+. H i) *+ (*/( % *+%($3((

192




:O& /%%?:) 3i((3 +i/@ *', 2! %+($)($ %+ /&, %

%+/$i(i)'*6 $)3 * $%i, 3% %+ ($ $*, )(,*. I+)(*,% /i+' )$ '*+ (% )i3@ 0*)), $ $*+, %6 ($ 03*/ *+, )*i,)(3@ ^* 0*)). H*)+:( )$ + 33 %&'$( &0 :

A33 ($) ($%,) * (3 )i03 *+, i+6%36 3i((30+,i(& % (i *+, +%+ % %+. T$ $*6 0%6, ($ii/*/ %6 *+, %6 *'*i+ i+ N*+/@ *+, ($ i) +% *)%+ $ *

%($ % *6*' i+(33i'+/ *+, /%+)/i+(i%&)+)) )$%&3, +%( %(*i+&*33 '%%, )&3(). N*(&*33@ i)( *((0() i33 * 3i((3 *?*,@ &( ($ i) +% +, % ,i)/%&*'+( %+ ($*( *//%&+(. E6+)&00%)i+' ($*( ($%&'$ ($ i+(%,&/(i%+ % %( )% )3i'$( $* ,%+*+, ($ /$*+/ i) /%0**(i63 %(($i) +, /*&)+% *3*. T$ i'$( *&(%)&'')(i%+ i33 )%%+ /%&+(*/( i( *+, 0%,&/

0%)i(i6 '%%, i+ i() 03*/. &( *+ %($ $% $*) 0*/(i/,*&(%)&'')(i%+ % $)3 i33 *3 /%/(3 (% *003 i( (% $ /$i3,.

A( i)( '3*+/ ($ 0%/,& * ) 6%3&(i%+*@ &( ($i+?i( %6 % * %+( *+, %& i33 ) ($*( i( i) *) %3, *) ($ $i33). I( i)3 * ))(*(i*(i%+ %+ * )/i+(ii/ *)i) % ($ ($%, %($)$*6 i+(&i(i63 0*/(i/, )i+/ ($ %3, '*+@ :S30@ *@ )30.A+'3) * *(/$i+' %: ($@:$*( i) ($i) &( * 0*(i/&3*)&'')(i%+ H% ,%) * i) %($ 0%/, $+ $ 3i((3 %+ *33)

*+, '*) i() $*+, S$ )*) )%($i+' % ($i) ?i+, :L( ?i)) i(*+, ($+ i( i33 33.: S$ ?i))) i(@ *+, i($ $ *))&*+/ ($*( ($

0*i+ $*) '%+ ($ /$i3, &+) $*00i3 */? (% i() 03*.

19!




C'APT$R :: - Conclusion

INDUCED A&(%)&'')(i%+ i) +%( * )&)(i(&( % ,i/*3 0*/(i/. I( i33 +%( *? &) 3i6 % 6@ +i($ i33 i( &) %*33 ($ /%%+ i33) % 3i. W$*( i( * ,% i+ ($ &(&@ $+ *33 i()i03i/*(i%+) $*6 + *3i,@ *33 i() )%&/) 03%i(,@ /*++%()*. T$ i) +% ,%&( ($*( * '+*(i%+ %&'$( &0 i() /*+%+)%&3, ,i * '*( ,*3 % ($ 0%0&3*(i%+ % (%,*. &( %&i,i*( i+()( i) i($ ($ 0)+(.

T$ *,&3( % (%,* /*i) i+ $i) U+/%+)/i%&) * %/3%'', i($ * *)) % *,6) )&'')(i%+) $i/$ $*6 +*//&&3*(i+' )i+/ /$i3,$%%,. T$ i)( (*)? % I+,&/,A&(%)&'')(i%+ i33 (% /3* ** ($i) *)) % +(*3 3&. N%(&+(i3 ($i) $*) + *//%03i)$, /*+ ($ *3 *+ *00* *+, ($/*(i6 0%) % *&(%)&'')(i%+ 'i+ (% *+i)( ($)36).

($ &) % ($i) ($%, */$ %+ % &) )$%&3, *3 (% 3%%?%*, (% * 3i i+ $i/$ ,i)*) i) * ,ii+i)$i+' */(%. &( $%

'*( * 0*( i( i33 03* ,0+,) &0%+ ($ /%+,i(i%+) )(*( % *+,($ '&3*i( *+, /%/(+)) % %& 0*/(i/. S$%&3, ,i)*) *33 &) 0%)))) i($i+ * 0%(+( *+) % 033i+' i(@ &( ($i) ,%) +%(i+6*3i,*( ($ /%03+(* ($%, % ,)(%i+' i( % i($%&(.A&(%)&'')(i%+ *+, ($ &)&*3 ,i/*3 0*/(i/ )$%&3, '% $*+, i+ $*+,@*/$ )&003+(i+' ($ %($. I %& * i33@ /*33 i+ %& ,%/(% *)

%@ &( +3i)( ($ )%&/) % I+,&/, A&(%)&'')(i%+ (% i+%/*+, (+, $i) (*(+(.

I+ ($i) /%++/(i%+ i( &)( i+)i)(, %+ ($*( *&(%)&'')(i%+/*+ &(i3i, % 6 *i3+(@ $*(6 i() +*(&@ *+, $($ i()

19"




i+%*,) '*6 % )3i'$(. E6 ,i)*) i) i($ )(+'($+, %*?+, ($ */(i%+ % ($ i+,. W /*++%( (*? &0 *+ *((i(&, %+&(*3i(. Ei($ &)( *i, ($ ,i)*) (% ,)(% &) *33%i+' %&i+,) (% ,33 %+ i(@ % &)( %00%) i( *+, ,)(% i( * )(* %$*3($&3 ,+*i/ ($%&'$(. T%% &+(3 )0%+(*+%&)3 *,%0( ($% /%&).

T$ '+*3 %0i+i%+ ($*( &+/(i%+*3 *+, +6%&) ,i)*)) *3%+* )&)/0(i3 (% )&'')(i6 (*(+( i) *( 6*i*+/ i($ ($ */().

D&i+' C%&4:) ($i( *) % 0*/(i/@ i+ $i/$ *+($%&)*+,) % 0*(i+() (*(,@ $ %&+, ($*( %'*+i/ (%&3) i3,*) *)i3 *) &+/(i%+*3@ ($*( %,i3 ,*+'+() * +%( $*, (% /&($*+ +6%&) *+, +(*3. H *, +% )&/$ ,i)(i+/(i%+) *+ i33+)) i) *+i33+)) $*(6 i() +*(&. A) )&/$ C%&4 *((*/?, i(@ *+, i+ 98 0/+( % /*)) $ *((*i+, i+ '*( % 3)) ,' * 0%)i(i6 )&3(.

A0*( % ($ 0*++(3 i+)*+@ i+ $%) i+,) ($*/$i+ % *&(%)&'')(i%+ i) i()3 ,*+',@ ($ * %+3 (%/3*))) % 0*(i+( i($ $% I+,&/, A&(%)&'')(i%+ )) (% *i3.O+ /%+)i)() % 0)%+) $%) i+(33i'+/ i) )% 3% ($*( ($ ,i/(i%+)'i6+ * +6 /%0$+,, ($ %($ % ($%) $% 3*/? ($ 0%% 6%3&+(* *((+(i%+ *+, /*++%( ,6%( ($i i+,) (% *+ i,* 6+

% * /%+)/&(i6 )/%+,). T$) (% /3*)))@ $%6@ *+&i/*33 i+)i'+ii/*+(@ (%'($ *?i+' &0 +%( &/$ % ($*+ 2 0 /+( % ($ 0%0&3*(i%+.

A&(%)&'')(i%+ i) &*33 6*3&*3 *) *+ *i, (% )&'i/*3 0*/(i/. A %?+ %+($ )?0(i/:) 3*)( )%&//*++%( % /%&) (*(, *&(%)&'')(i%+ *3%+. A )&'%+ &)( /*33, i+ (%

+, i(. &( $+ ($ 3i $*) + i'$(3 )( *+, ($ +/))*/$*+i/*3 0/*&(i%+) $*6 + (*?+@ *&(%)&'')(i%+ i33 0%6i,($ )( /%+,i(i%+) % /%6. I( /*+ 06+( 3*+))@ )(i+))@&+)i'$(3 ,%i( *+, ($ %($ 6i3) $i/$ * %?+ 3i i) *0( (%

195




+(*i3@ *+, i( /*+ )$%(+ /%+)i,*3 ($ +%*3 0i%, %/%+6*3)/+/.

I( i) )%(i) )(*(, ($*( ($ )&3() %(*i+, *&(%)&'')(i%+ * +%( 0*++(. T$i) %/(i%+ i) *33 *(ii/i*3@*i)i+' % ($ */( ($*( i'+% ($ (& +*(& % *&(%)&'')(i%+*+, '*, i( 3 *) * ,. W$+ 03% *&(%)&'')(i%+ (%$*3 * *3*, %& *i i) )% (% 3*6+ ($ U+/%+)/i%&) i($ $*3($&3($%&'$()@ ($*( +%( %+3 i33 ($*( )0/ii/ *3*, /3&,,@ &( *33%($) i($ i(. A&(%)&'')(i%+ )$%&3, +%( %+3 %6 * 0*(i/&3*% % ,i)*)@ &( 3))+ ($ (+,+/ (% ,i)*) *) * $%3.

I *( *+ *i3+( $*) + %6, *33% %& i+, (%6( (% &+$*3($ ($%&'$()@ ($ i33 (+, (% *3i ($)36) i+ ($)* * *) *+ %($)@ *+, * *'*i+ *33 * 6i/(i (% i33-$*3($.O& )i/?+)) * (*? ($ )* % *) %+ ($ 0/,i+' %//*)i%+@ %i( * +%(. T$*( i33 ,0+, i+ )% ,' %+ %& ($%&'$(. &( ($'&3* 03%+( % ($ '+*3 %&3* /*+ $i+, *+ )&/$/&+/. I+)(*, % 6(i+' (% &+$*3($ )(*() % i+, )$*33

0%'))i63 )(+'($+ ($ $*3($ *+, /*(i6 ($%&'$( ($*( $*)*3*, $30, &)@ )% ($*( i($ */$ )&//,i+' ,* %& ,+) i33

)(%+'. N%( %+3 ,% ($&) *6%i, * 3*0) i+(% % *i3+() &( /3* %&( % %& 0*($ ($%) $i/$ 3i i+ *i( % &) i+ ($ &(&.

W )* ($*( i+ ($ N*+/ /3i+i/ )% % ($ /&) /(, **3%)( i+)(*+(*+%&). I( %&3, * i)(*?@ $%6@ (% *? %+($ 0*/(i/ % I+,&/, A&(%)&'')(i%+ i($ ($ i0))i%+ ($*( *'%i+' (% i*/&3%&)3 $*3, i+ ($ )0*/ % * ,*). G*+(,)&i/i+( *i($ )&/$ * )&3( i'$( 6 3i?3 +)& +*@ %@ $*6 /%,) % &i( * +& % )&/$ /*))@ 6+ $ ($ $30 % *)/%+, 0)%+ $*) +%( + /*33, i+. H i) *+ *03. A i+, %

i+@ M. A3( P.@ % %,*&@ $*, )&, % % ($*+ (+ *)i($ +&*3'i* % ($ */. H*i+' % C%&4@ $ %( (% $i@ *+,/i6, i+)(&/(i%+) (% 0*( ($ '+*3 %&3*. H ,i, )%@ *+, %+

19




($ )/%+, ,* ($ +&*3'i* $*, 6*+i)$, *+, $*) +6 )i+/(&+,. &( )&/$ *i($ i) +%( /%%+. I,i*( /&) * ($/0(i%+@ *+, i( i33 )* % &) (% 3%%? %*, (% * '*,&*3 *+,

0%'))i6 i0%6+(. I+ ($i) * )$*33 '&*, *'*i+)(,i)*00%i+(+(. I( * *,,, ($*( C%&4 0) ($ '*,&*3 /&@i+,i+' i( % )(*3 *+, 3)) 3i?3 (% ,i)(&, *,6)/%+,i(i%+).

W )$%&3, *00%*/$ *&(%)&'')(i%+ i+ ($ )* *)%+*3*++ *) *00%*/$ *+ %($ )/i+(ii/ ,i)/%6. T$ i) +%$%/&)-0%/&) *%&( i(@ +% * *+ )(*(+() *, $ $i/$0i+/ /*++%( 6i. &( ($ *((i(&, )$%&3, * % %)( i)($*( % ($ i+(33/(&*3 **(&@ $% *?) ($ 6i(*3 ($i+') % 3i)*33 /%i+ (% /$*+' i($ $i) +i'$% % ($ ,i++-(*3. Li?3i'i%+@ *&(%)&'')(i%+ i) * ($i+' (% 0*/(i/. A *+ * /%+6)*+( i($ *33 ($ /,) i+ C$i)(+,% *+, +%+ ($ ((% i( $i3 )% )i03 )%&3@ 3%6i+' G%, *+, $i) 33%)@ *

/%i+ ($ $i'$ 0i+/i03) % C$i)(i*+i( i+ $i) 3i i($%&( *+*/&*i+(*+/ i($ ($%3%'. S% i( i) i($ *&(%)&'')(i%+.

A&(%)&'')(i%+ i) &)( *) /(i6 i+ ($ (*(+( % %*3,3i+&+/i) *) i+ ($*( % 0$)i/*3 i33). D&+?++))@ ?30(%*+i*@ ($,&' $*i(@ &+/%+(%33, % 06(, )&*3 ,)i)@ *) 33 *) i+%*i3i+') % /$**/(@ * *33 )&)/0(i3 (% i() */(i%+. I( i) *) 0%&3

i+ )*33 ($i+') *) i+ '*(. 0*(i/&3* )&'')(i%+) /*+ %,i%& (*)(). W /*+ */&i * 3i)$ % ($ ,i)$) +*(&*33 ,i)3i?@*+, *? ,i)*'*3 ,i/i+ (*)( 03*)*+(.

* % *+(i/i0*(i+' *+ %/(i%+ i( * )(*(, ($*( ($C%&4 ($%, % I+,&/, A&(%)&'')(i%+ i) i+ +% )+) i+i% (%$0+%(i/ )&'')(i%+. C%&4 $i)3 '*+ $i) /* *) * $0+%(i)(@ &(

i+' ,i))*(i)i, i($ ($ )&3()@ )( %&( i+ &)( % * ($%, %)i03 *+, &+i6)*3. C%+)/i%&) *&(%)&'')(i%+@ *0*( % i()/%+6+i+/@ /*+ %*)( %+ '*( *,6*+(*' %6 i() i6*3. T$ /()

197




% $0+%(i/ )&'')(i%+ * %(+ 3%)( i($i+ * $%&) % ($(*(+(. W$*) ($ &) % ($ '+*3 %&3* ($ )&3() %I+,&/, A&(%)&'')(i%+ '% %+ 0%'))i63 i+/*)i+'.1

H (%&/$ *'*i+ ($ &)(i%+ % ($ )&'')(. W $*6*3*, )+ ($*( * )&'')( i) +%( +,,@ ($*( *&(%)&'')(i%+ /*+i3, i() &i() (% ($%) $% 0*/(i/ i( &+*i,,. &( )% 0)%+)/*++%( 06*i3, %+ (% *//0( ($i) */(. T$ 3 * )+) %i+)&i/i+/ ($ *)) % %3, %+' )&'')(i%+) $*) i)+ )% %&+(*i+$i'$ ($*( ($ i*'i+ ($)36) i+/*0*3 % %6i+' i(. Wi($ )&/$($ 0)+/ % * )&'')( i) *+ &+,%&(, $30. T$ $*6 +%($i+' (%,% &( 3i 0*))i6 *+, /i6 ($ i,*) $ 6%?). E6+ )%@ $%6@($ i33 '( 3i((3 '%%, &+3)) ($ /%+)+( (% 0*( ($ '+*3%&3*.

&( *) 3%+' *) 3%%? %+ *&(%)&'')(i%+ *) * , i))i() (& )i'+ii/*+/. Pi*i3 i( i) * *+) % )3-/&3(&@ *+, %+% 0%(+( ($*+ *+ $*6 $i($(% 0%)))),. I( +*3) &) (%,63%0 ($ +(*3 &*3i(i) 3*/? i/i+/@ &,'+(@ /*(i6i*'i+*(i%+@ *33 ($*( i33 $30 &) (% i+' %& 3i:) +(0i) (% *)&//))&3 +,. M%)( % &) * ** % ($*(, *i3i(i)@ 0%)&+,63%0,@ i0&3)) /$/?, i+ ($i '%($. T$) * 0)+( i+%& U+/%+)/i%&) 3i? () i+ * %)(@ $i/$@ %6)$*,%, ($i+i'$%)@ * )(&+(, % 3*/? % *i *+, )&+)$i+. *+) %

*&(%)&'')(i%+ /*+ )&003 ($ i($ ($ 0% +,, % '%($*+, i+' ($ (% &i(i%+ i+ %& /%+)/i%&) 3i6). H%6 %3,@$%6 i+i@ $%6 )3i)$@ *? % 6i/i%&) * @*&(%)&'')(i%+ i33 ,% )%($i+' % &). I( 'i6) &) * + *+) %/&3(& *+, ,i)/i03i+ $i/$ ($ :*//+() i*(&:@ ($ :0&0%))&+)&: /*+ +&), i+(% )(+'($@ *+, ($ 6i3 i0&3)) *((*/?, *(($ %%(. I( i) ))+(i*33 *+ i+,i6i,&*3 0*/(i/@ *+ i+,i6i,&*3 *((i(&,% i+,. O+3 * +*% 6i %&3, )03i( i( &0 i+(% /*('%i)@ ,*(i+'

1 A&($%i(i) * +%( ( &+*+i%&) *) (% $($ ($ *(ii/i*3 ,i))%/i*(i%+ % ($ i+, 0%,&/, $0+%)i) i) $*3)) *+, ,)i*3. T$ ($%, % *&(%)&'')(i%+ ,)/i,i+ ($i) %%? i) % *+ %/(i%+ %+ ($) '%&+,) )i+/ i( &(i3i) * +%*3 )(*( %,i))%/i*(i%+ $i/$ i+6i(*3 )&06+) *) *33 *)30.

198




i() *003i/*(i%+ (% ($i) ($i+' % (% ($*(. I( (%&/$) %& i+' i+ i()$%3+)). 3% ($ &)) 0(&, 3i((3 '%@ i($ i() 3%/*3$*i(*(i%+@ i() +*@ i() $*i() *+, 6i) *+, %,,i(i) i) *+ %/*+ %

0%. W$*(6 i) % %& /%) 6+(&*33 ($+/@ $%6 06(, ($ 0i) % )3-/%+)/i%&)+)). A&(%)&'')(i%+ i) */$*++3 $i/$ ($ 0%) % ($i) &3(i*( i+' * *i), (% ($363 % %& 3i $ *+, +%.

W$*( 0%)0/() ,%) *&(%)&'')(i%+ %0+ (% &) i+ ($ &(&

I( (*/$) &) ($*( ($ &,+) % 3i *@ *( 3*)( i+ 3*'*)&@ % %& %+ /*(i+'. W 0%,&/ i+ %&)36) *+, i+ %&/i/&)(*+/) ($ ($%&'$() % %& i+,). I( '%) &($. I( %) &) **+) $i/$ /*+ /$*+' ($) ($%&'$() $+ ($ * 6i3 *+,%)( ($ $+ ($ * '%%,@ )% 0%,&/i+' * /%)0%+,i+'

((+( i+ %& i+,i6i,&*3 3i. &( ($ 0%/)) ,%) +%( +, i($ ($i+,i6i,&*3. T$ ($%&'$() % )%/i( * *3i, i+ )%/i*3 /%+,i(i%+)@($ ($%&'$() % $&*+i( i+ %3, /%+,i(i%+). W$*( %&3, ($*((i(&, (%*,) %& )%/i*3 *+, i+(+*(i%+*3 0%3) % * '+*(i%++&(&, % i+*+/ i+ ($ ?+%3,' *+, 0*/(i/ %*&(%)&'')(i%+ I * *+, ,i)*) *++, % ($ i+,i6i,&*33i@ /%&3, ($ 0)i)( i+ ($ 3i % ($ +*(i%+ I */$ 0)%+ %&+,$*00i+)) i+ $i) %+ $*( %&3, i33&)% ', % 0%))))i%+)&6i6 T$ *//0(*+/ % *&(%)&'')(i%+ +(*i3) * /$*+' % *((i(&,@

* 6*3&*(i%+ % 3i. I )(*+, i($ %& */) )(*, )+%($i+' &( /3%&,) *+, ,*?+))@ ( * )i03 (&+ % ($ $*, i+' ($ i, 0*+%** % ($ )&+i) i+(% 6i.

T$*( C%&4:) ,i)/%6i) * 0%%&+,3 */( %& ,&/*(i%+*3($%,) i) %+, &)(i%+. Hi($(% $*6 + ,*3i+' ,i/(3%+3 i($ ($ /%+)/i%&) i+,@ ,i+' i( i($ i+%*(i%+@ '*(i+' %+

(% i( &)&3 *//%03i)$+(). W$*( $*) + ,%+ % ($ ,63%0+(% /$**/( $*) + i+/i,+(*3 *+, )/%+,*. T$i) *) i+6i(*3 )%3%+' *) ($ U+/%+)/i%&) *i+, &+,i)/%6,@ &( +% $*6 ($

199




*+) % */$i+' 0%%&+, ,0($)@ % +,%i+' ($ /$i3, +%( %+3i($ *,i+' *+, *i($(i/@ &( i($ $*3($@ /$**/( *+, 0)%+*3i(.

&( 0$*0) i( i) i+ %& (*(+( % ($ /ii+*3 ($*( ($'*()( 6%3&(i%+ * 0/(,. T$ */() % $i/$ $ i) i&,)&3( % +%($i+' % ($*+ (i)() *+, (*+'3) % ($ ($*,) %($%&'$( i+ ($ U+/%+)/i%&) i+,. T$i) i) ($ 6i % i++(*&($%i(i). &( *&(%)&'')(i%+ (*?) &) * )(0 &($. I( )$%) $%($) ,i)/%,) % /$**/( * )%36,. Si+/ C%&4 $*) )&//,,i+ )(%i+' (% %*3 $*3($ * %&($ % $%i/i,*3 (+,+/i)@ $)$%&3, +%( ($ )* ($%, )&//, i($ *+ % ($ %&(/*)() $%i33 %& 0i)%+) A( 3*)( ($ %&+' ,3i+&+() )$%&3, 0%6)&)/0(i3. &( ($ i,* &+,3i+' ($i) *((i(&, +(*i3) * 6%3&(i%+ i+%& 0+*3 0%/,&. I( *+) 3i((3 3)) ($*+ ($i) ($*( /i i) *,i)*) *+, )$%&3, (*(, *) )&/$ ($*( ($ i,* % 0&+i)$+( &)('i6 03*/ (% ($*( % /& ($ 6i+,i/(i6 *((i(&, (% %+ % 0i(.

T$i) i+') &) +* (% ($ i,*3) % ($ N T)(*+(@ *+,i+,,@ *&(%)&'')(i%+@ *) * %/ *?i+' % '%%,+))@ i) %&+, (%(%&/$ /3%)3 %+ 3i'i%+.

I( (*/$) ($ ,%/(i+ % ($ i++ 3i. I( *))() ($*( i($i+ *($ )%&/) % /*3@ % 0% *+, % /%&*'@ *+, ($*( ($ *+ $%

$*) %+/ *((*i+, *)( % ($ i++ )0$ i) *, *'*i+)(*+($i+' ($*( * *33 $i. T$i) (&($ i) *00*+( i+ ($ 3i6) %'*( +. G*( */$i6+() $*6 + %&'$( ($%) $% $*,($ %(i(&, (% %33% ($ ,i/(i%+) % *+ i++ 6%i/@ 6+ i+/%+(*,i/(i%+ (% ($ *)), 6%i/) ($ $*, i($%&(.

S&00%) i+, ($*( ($ 0% C$i)( '*6 (% Hi) ,i)/i03) (%

%? i*/3) % $*3i+' *) +%( * 'i( /%+, %+ * )3/(,i+,i6i,&*3)@ &( *) ($ $i(*' % *33 + ($*( ($ ?i+',% %$*6+ i($i+ &) (% $i/$ H *33&,, *) *6*i3*3 i+ * )i03 *% ($ 0&'i+' *+, 36*(i%+ % %& /%%+ 3i@ % 0%/&i+'

2<<




)%&+, $*3($ *+, )( i+,). I) +%( ($ *i*(i%+ /%+(*i+, i+C%&4:) %&3* * ?i+, % 0* D%) i( +%( *00*3 (% )%($i+'

%+, ($ )3-3i@ (% ($ i+i+i( 0% 3i+' $i+, &)

A&(%)&'')(i%+ i) +% )&)(i(&( % 3i'i%+ i( /%&3, * +*0%+ *,,, (% ($ 3i'i%&) *%. I *) * )/i+(ii/ (/$+i&i( /*+ i3, )&/$ )&3()@ $*( i'$( i( +%( ,% *) ($ 0))i%+ %($%) *+i+') % 0/(i%+ $i/$ 3i'i%+ i+/%0%*()

2<1




About the $ditor

Dr. Robert C. Worstell

R6. D. R%( C. W%)(33@ M.M)/@ MA@ P$D i) *+

i+,0+,+( )*/$ *+, ($ *&($% % )6*3 )3-$30 *+, )3-i0%6+( %%?)@ T$i+?i+' *( I+(+( S0,@ H% S3-H30A&($%) Wi( )()33)@ G% T$&+? Y%&)3 TM@ G% T$&+? Y%&)3@A'*i+>@ G% T$&+? Y%&)3@ S:%>@ *+, G% T$&+? Y%&)3@C%03*(>@

H $*) *3)% ,i(, )6*3 0&3i/*(i%+) T$ T$%*) T%*,C%33/(i%+@ H**+3:) M*)( K S)( @ C%+/i6@ 3i6@ A/$i6@

*+, ($ G% T$&+? Y%&)3 C%0*+i%+ CD @ *%+' %($).W%)(33 *3)% *i+(*i+) )6*3 3%') $i/$ )&00%( ($)

%%?). H i) 0$*0) ($ i)( (% i+6i( *&,i+/ 0*(i/i0*(i%+ i+ i(i+')6*3 %%?)@ ($%&'$ 0%)(i+' ($ +(i %%? (% $i) 3%' *+,)i&3(*+%&)3 0&3i)$i+' (% ($ Pi+(-%+-D*+, P&3i)$ L&3&. T$i) **+'+( +*3) /%/(i%+ *+, &0,*() (% $*,/%0 6)i%+)i($i+ i+&().

H $*) /(ii/*() i+ C%0&( N(%?i+' *+, Wi3))%*,*+,@ *) 33 *) ,') i+ M*?(i+'@ C%0**(i6 R3i'i%+)*+, C%0&( S/i+/@ i($ )0/i*3i)( )(&,i) i+ U) I+(*/).

W%)(33 3i6) %+ * %?i+' * i+ &*3 Mi))%&i *+, i)/%+(i+&*33 i+6%36, i+ )*/$ (% i0%6 ($ &*3i( % 3i. H $*))0+( %6 !5 *) )*/$i+' ($ $&*+ /%+,i(i%+ ($%&'$ 0)%+*3)(&,i) % /%&+)3i+'@ ,&/*(i%+@ *+, )3-i0%6+(.

2<2








































Additional (oo!s fro% Dr. Worstell*

o Thun! "ourself; TM

Rich, 1a%ous, A Suc cess;

W$*( ,%Na(le( H,ll - *&($% % T$i+? *+, G%

Ri/$@

N(r0a 5,2et Peale - *&($% % T$P% % P%)i(i6 T$i+?i+'@

Dale Care6,e - *&($% % H% (% Wi+Fi+,) *+, I+3&+/ P%03@ *+,

Ste*e C(7ey - *&($% % T$ 7 H*i() % Hi'$3 E/(i6 P%03

all $*6 i+ /%%+

T*ey all THUN8 t*e sa0e 9ay.

T$) *+, %($ *&($%) ,i)/%6, ($ )* *)i/ se2rets $i+, *3($@ )&//))@ *+, *.

Ea2* (f t*ese a)t*(rs e2a0e 9ealt*y s)22essf)l a+fa0()s y aly,6 t*ese se2rets.

Y%& /*+ (%%.

T$i) %%?:) )i03 14-+ay r(6ra0 *33%) %& (% -/*(%& %+ 3i@ &)( ($ * %& *+( i( (% > A33 %& $*6 (% ,% i)i+6)( )% (i */$ ,* (% *, ($) )i03 /$*0() *+, ,% ($/i)).

#() 2a lear t*ese se2rets *+, )(*( (*?i+' /%+(%3 %6 %&%+ 3i@ (% start a2*,e7,6 t*e r,2*es fa0e a+ s)22ess y()'7eal9ays +rea0e+ (f.

#()r Drea0s CAN "ECOME Real,ty;

2<!





















More Resources of nterest*

The o Thun! "ourselfStudent 'andboo!

T$ )(&,+( $*+,%%? $i/$ *//%0*+i)*+, /%03() ($ G% T$&+? Y%&)3 )i).

T$i) i) &), i+ /%+&+/(i%+ i($ ($ *3i %%?) i+ ($ G% T$&+? Y%&)3 )i)@ % /*+ &), *3%+.

T$i) $*+,%%? /%+(*i+) *33 ($ )(0) +,, i+ ($ */()&+/ $i/$ i33 03*/ %& i3 %+ ($ %*, (% */$i6i+' %&'%*3).

A( &33 3((-)i@ i($ )0i*3 i+,i+' *+, *03 *'i+)@ ($i)i) * 0/( )(&, %%? a 3%() % %% % $i'$3i'$(i+' *+, +%().

C%+(*i+) (( W*33*/ W*((3)@ N*0%3%+ Hi33@ C$*3) F.H**+3@ *+, S' K*$i3i Ki+'.

Also now available in an inexpensive trade paperback size

(perfect for studying over lunch).

o Thun! "ourselfCo%panion CD

G( ($ ? +/, %?) % ($G% T$&+? Y%&)3 %%?) )i)@ */$ /%0i3,i+(% PDF %*( % *) %+-)/+ 6ii+'.T$i) CD /%+(*i+) *33 ($ (* 6)i%+) % ($($ GTY %%?)@ *) 33 *) ($ *)(%?) %

H**+3@ Hi33@ T%*,@ A33+@ W*((3)@ 03&) *&($%) F*+?3i+@G$**3i@ *+&@ *+, *+ %.

H*6 *33 ($ +/) % %& )3-$30 )(&,i) i+ %+ 03*/% *, +/.

2<"








http://www.huna.org/





















(oo!s in the o Thun! "ourself

Reference #ibrary*'aanel0s Master 5ey Syste%

A /3*))i/ )3-$30 %? 0&3i)$, i+ 1912$i/$ $*, )%3, %6 2<<@<<< /%0i) 19!!. T$i) i)

*), %+ * /%&) $i/$ $*, 2" 3))%+). N*0%3%+Hi33 T$i+? *+, G% Ri/$ /,i() H**+3 *+, ($i) %%? i($ $i) )&//)).

T$i) i) %+ % ($ 0i+/i03 )%&/) % 3i(*(&@ ,)/ii+'*+, ,(*i3i+' *+ % ($ *)i/) $i/$ 3*( *&($%) Hi33@ C%6@P*3@ *%+' %($) &), (% i( ($i %+ )( )33).

T$ $*,/%6 ,i(i%+ i) *3)% *6*i3*3.

Concei)e, (elie)e, Achie)e;

T$ * 0$*0) i6 *&($%) i+ ($Ai/*+ )3-$30 '+ $% $*6 3*, ($ 0*($% *33 %($) (% %33%. F%& % ($) *&($%) *0)+(, i+ ($i) )i+'3 6%3& ;*) A33+@W*33*/ W*((3)@ C$*3) F. H**+3@ *+, N*0%3%+Hi33.

A33 % ($) */$i6, ($i * *+, %(&+ ($%&'$ *003i+'($ )* 0i+/i03) ($ %( *%&(.

T$%&'$ *,i+' *+, )(&,i+' ($) ? *&($%)@ %& /*+ )(*(%&)3 %+(% * 0*($ % *?i+' %& %+ ,*) /% *3i(>

6ie8 %ore resources athttp*<<stores.lulu.co%<robert8orstell

2<5














3otes*



coue and brooks - self-mastery and autosuggestion

Documents