country presentation - cambodia

7/23/2019 Country Presentation - Cambodia

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Her Excellency CHOU BUN ENG

SECRETARY OF STATE OF THE MINISTRYOF INTERIOR

Head of Secretariat General forCounter Trafficking

NATIONAL MECHANISMFOR

COUNTER TRAFFICKING

Kingdom of Cambodia

National Committee for Counter

Trafficking, NCCT

14 October 2014

At Regional Parliamentarians Meeting

Organized by CAPPD

The views expressed in this presentation are the views of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Asian

Development Bank Institute (ADBI), the Asian Development Bank (ADB), its Board of Directors, or the governments they represent.

ADBI does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this paper and accepts no responsibility for any consequences of theiruse. Terminology used may not necessarily be consistent with ADB official terms.


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1. GENERALSITUATION of the KINGDOM of CAMBODIA

Area : 181,035+ Km2,

Population (in 2008): 13,395,682 in which 6,879,628 ( 51.35%) are wom

Cambodia is a country with young population, In 2009, based on census 2008, the Population growth rate was 1.54 per

annum. Estimation: in 2020 Cambodian population will be 18.7 Millions

Young population: 60% are under 25 years old

Labor forces increased from 5.50 M in 1990 to 7.50 M in 2004 and 7.80 M2007 (NIS, 2009) (National Institute of statistic)

In Average, new coming labor forces is 250,000 to 300.000 persons per a

The new employment created by Investment program absorbs 27 percennew coming forces.

Needs to migrate for seeking employment

Source: the office of the Council of Ministers


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Cambodia: young population;

60 are under 25 years old. Population growth

recently declined from 2.4 to 1.54 per annum

but it is still high.

Males Females


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General Situation (cont)

Priority in Political commitment: Poverty alleviation, Peace aDevelopment

GDP increase from 2.4 Billion USD to 10.3 Billions USD in 20

The average income per capita has been tripled from 229 to

Poverty rate has declined from 50 percent in 1993 to 25.8 p

2010, keep decline 1% per year.

Jobs and business growth within areas of agriculture, constrindustrial and tourism.


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General Situation (cont)

However, the population growth faster than the pace of dev The employment opportunity created in country is not enou

respond to the needs of workers.

Then the RGC tried to open more opportunity to people whto work abroad, by having agreement or MoUs with some c

where there are workers demands such as: Thailand, MalayRepublic of Korea (semi skilled labors), Japan (trainees, intelabors), Qatar, Singapore..


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Determinants of migration: The Push Factors

High economic growth but it is urban centric and capt

a few.

Higher Wages in destination countries (Republic of Ko

Malaysia, Thailand) attracted people to choose migr

There is employment year round in neighbouring cou

especially Thailand, while employment in rural Cambo

mainly seasonal.


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Migration and Challenges

Migration is Rights to move, rights to job or choices, while tviolation, exploitation, abuse again people is a crime.

If become Victims, they cannot help to reduce poverty but pburden to family and society.

Trafficking or abuse is found among mobile population, labo

migration mostly undocumented, entertainment business, f

unwanted marriage, etc


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From the Perspective of Cambodia: enhance po

alleviation, Peace and Development

Improve better environment for employment and job

business locally

Inform choices to people

Promote save migration

Reduce undocumented migrant workers

Promote skills and education especially among youth


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Efforts of Government to respond th

challenges

To protect and promote safety of workers in working in destcountry, the Royal Government of Cambodia, adopt laws anrelevant policies in order to facilitate the sending of workersand safe, as well as guidelines and other training tools.

Adopted Law on Suppression Trafficking in persons and sexu

Exploitation (in 2008), to be consistent with the Internationconvention and Palemo protocol,

Reviewed Civil and penal laws.


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Efforts of Government

(Cont)

After signing MoU with Thailand (to send legal workers) in 2003 anRepublic of Korea (to send skilled workers) in 2006, the Ministry of

Vocational Training works actively on this issues by issuing:

In 2006: Sub-decree 70 (July 2006) on The Creation of the Manpower Training

Sending Board. Prokas 108 (May 2006) on Education of HIV/AIDS, Safe Migration and L

for Cambodian Workers Abroad

In 2008: Association of Cambodia Recruitment Agencies - ACRA Labour Migration Information System Sub-Decree 195, (November 2008) on Passport issuance to Cambodian w

work legally abroad.


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Efforts of Government(Cont)

In 2009:

Guideline for recruitment agencies

In 2010: Guideline on the use of registration book Pre-departure Orientation Manual for Migrant Worker Standard contract National Employment Agency : Job Center Guide book for Cambodian people who wish to work abroard: Travel Smart W Notification on oversea employment

In 2011: Sub-decree 190, issued in August 2011 on Management of Sending Khmer Mig

Abroad through Private Recruitment Agency

In 2014: Revised the Labour Migration Policy for Cambodia 2010


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Efforts of Government (Cont)

Up to date:

Private Recruitment Agencies: 40 companies

Public Recruitment Agency: Manpower Training Oversea Sending Board (MTOSB)

In collaboration with ILO and other UN agencies, the Ministry of Labor and Vocational traininmore policies related to:

Labor Migration Policy for Cambodia

National Employment Policy

3 Migration Resource Centers

Draft MRC Operation Manual

Draft Manual of local officials on emigration procedure

Draft Pre-departure orientation curriculum

Code of Conduct of ACRA

Draft MOU with Malaysia

Standardized contract

Regional conference on HR Instrument, International Labour Standards and Women Migrant


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Benefits and cost

Benefits:

Many workers improve better living condition by getting good salary at destcountries,

Get more skills, and capacity to initiate own business in Cambodia.

Cost:

Demand and supply: less at official orders but more acceptance by giving opillegal entrance of workers to be undocumented and legalized at the country

Fast change of policy and not well informed of host country cause the sourcface challenging in migration management and development

Undocumented migrant flow and remittance flow system is under managem

Remittance is the rest from surviving, low skilled workers cannot earn muchnot much money left to remit.

The demand mostly low skill workers,

Lack of protection to solve the issues of right violation and exploitation


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RESPONSES

In October, 2011, Cambodia decided to stop sending domesworkers to Malaysia, due to the violation against workers foserious.

In 2006, a sub decree on legal procedures for marriage betwCambodian citizen and foreign citizen was in place.

A new policy to manage migration , sub decree # 190 establprotect legal migrant workers rights

Among the huge number of Returned and deported MigranThailand in June 2014, almost 300.000 migrants, there areapproximately 30% are women.


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RESPONSES

In 2008, Cambodia has adopted on new law on Suppression Human TraffickiSexual Exploitation to be consistent with Palemo Protocol on suppression anTrafficking in Persons, especially women and children with supplement the Uconvention on combating Organized Transnational Crime

In 2004, a Coordinated Mekong Ministerial Initiative against Trafficking in pe(COMMIT), in Yangoon, Myanmar

In 2005, Cambodia COMMIT Taskforce, established

Member of ASEAN Senior Officials Meeting Transnational Crime.

Member of Australia- Asia Program to combat Trafficking in persons

(ARTIP) Member of ASEAN mutual legal assistant treaty in criminal matters (including

MoUs on the collaboration for counter trafficking. Bi lateral and multilateral wcountries in the region.


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MULTI SECTORIAL WORKING GROUPS

Reviewed the structure and roles and responsibilities of the National Committ

Counter Trafficking (NCCT), with 22 ministries involved, comprised 06 Multi seworking groups:

1. Prevention working group, led by Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports

2. Working group on Victims Protection, led by Ministry of Social Affairs, VeterYouth Rehabilitation.

3. Law Enforcement Working Group, led by National Police, Ministry of Interio

4. Justice Working Group, led by Ministry of Justice.

5. International Collaboration, led by Ministry of Womens Affairs

6. Migration working group led by Ministry of Labor

All working group shall taking account into all targets regardless gender, youchildren.


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Policy recommendations

Need to strengthen collaboration and coordination between Senreceiving countries in order to have more responsibilities on themanagement of migration flow and to ensure the safety and benmigrant workers

Strengthen cooperation in assisting voluntary returnees to returand access reintegration program in home country in order to ento use their skills and knowledge gained from host country to protheir living conditions.

Require more care from receiving countries to migrant workers wbeen abused at destination country so that they can release themfrom risky situation.

Require more appropriate programs in source country to introdujobs market as informed choices


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THANK YOU!
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