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Industrial pollution fact sheet 2015United Kingdom


Cover design: EEACover photo: Jorge Franganillo, Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic (https://goo.gl/rqHYk6) Layout: EEA

Acknowledgments This country fact sheet was prepared by the European Environment Agency in cooperation with the European Topic Centre for Air Pollution and Climate Change Mitigation.

Content Introduction ………………………….……………………………………………………….………... 3Significance of industry ………………………………………………….………………………… 4

Significance of industry in terms of gross value added

Significance of industry in terms of energy consumption

Significance of industry in terms of water consumptionIndustrial emissions to air …………………………………………………………………….... 7

Significance of industry in terms of emissions to air

Emission trend for key air pollutants and decouplingIndustrial emissions to water …………………………………………………………………... 9

Significance of industry in terms of emissions to air

Emission trend for key air pollutants and decouplingIndustrial waste generation ……………………………………………………………………..

11

Significance of industry in terms of generation of waste

Waste generation trend and decouplingReferences ……………………………………………………………………………………………….

14

Industrial pollution country fact sheets 2015 2

https://goo.gl/rqHYk6


IntroductionIndustry across the data sourcesWhile industry makes a significant contribution to the economic welfare and development of a country, pollution from industrial activities can also negatively impact people and the environment. These impacts (such as premature deaths, and damage to ecosystems) occur as a result of releases to air and water, through the disposal of waste, and through the demand for resources and energy. Industrial sources still contribute a substantial share of total pollution in Europe. Pollution from industry is subject to national, European, and international regulations and standards to limit releases, waste and resource use. Data sourcesThese factsheets present a set of graphs and tables that show the significance of industrial pollution using data taken from several sources:

Eurostat’s statistics on environment (ESTAT, 2015a) and energy (ESTAT, 2015b) and economy and finance statistics (ESTAT, 2015c)

The European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (E-PRTR) (EEA, 2015a) The European Environment Agency’s compilation of the national greenhouse gas

inventories to be reported to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (EEA, 2015b)

The European Environment Agency’s compilation of data on emissions of air pollutants to be submitted to the Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution (EEA, 2015c)

This country fact sheet includes data available as of 31 December 2015.Definition of industryDue to the diverging legal definitions of industry in the different datasets, certain assumptions have been made to enable the presentation of industry in a consistent way (see the methodology document for more details).

MethodologyThe detailed methodology for the development of this country fact sheet is available at the Eionet forum1.

Country coverageThese country factsheets cover all European Environment Agency (EEA) member countries. The current EEA membership, comprising 33 countries and referred to as EEA33, include the 28 European Union Member States together with Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, Switzerland and Turkey.Therefore, the graphs and tables presented in this document offer data of the United Kingdom and the rest of the EEA member countries. However, in some cases data were not available for one or more countries. Below each table and figure, the source and the countries for which data were missing are included.

1 http://forum.eionet.europa.eu/nrc-industrial-pollution/library/consultations


What is industry?

Industry is the production of goods or services within an economy. The different data sources used in these fact sheets interpret this definition in slightly different ways. These fact sheets have attempted to cover comparable activities across the different databases that were used. In summary, the activities selected across the datasets are: energy industry, metal production, cement and lime production, mining and quarrying, chemical industry, manufacturing, waste industry (including water and sewage management), and distribution of electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning.

The energy used for transport in the above industrial activities (except pipelines for the transmission of energy), and agricultural activities, are not included.

http://forum.eionet.europa.eu/nrc-industrial-pollution/library/consultations


Significance of industrySIGNIFICANCE OF INDUSTRY WITHIN THE ECONOMY IN TERMS OF GROSS VALUE ADDED

This section shows the significance of industry in the context of the economy. The parameter used is gross value added (GVA), which captures the value in terms of goods and services provided by an economic activity. Figure 1. GVA of industry as % of EEA33 economy, and within the United Kingdom, 2013

Source: ESTATc, 2015. Data gap-filled according to methodologyFigure 2. Evolution of GVA of industry in the United Kingdom, €billion, 2000-2013

Source: ESTATc, 2015. Data gap-filled according to methodologyGVA (B€) 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013Manufacturing 203.5 206.5 199.5 160.9 154.2 164.0 159.8 154.3Electricity, gas (…) 19.7 23.8 25.5 18.9 20.6 19.0 20.9 20.9Mining & qarrying 37.5 44.1 41.8 40.1 27.8 30.2 36.4 36.7Waste management 17.9 20.3 20.9 17.9 16.3 19.5 20.3 20.7Total industry 278.7 294.7 287.6 237.8 218.8 232.6 237.4 232.7

SIGNIFICANCE OF INDUSTRY IN TERMS OF ENERGY CONSUMPTION


0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18% of total EEA economy

GermanyFrance

United KingdomItaly

SpainTurkey

NetherlandsSwitzerland

PolandBelgiumNorwaySwedenAustriaGreece

DenmarkIreland

FinlandPortugal

Czech RepublicRomaniaHungarySlovakia

CroatiaLuxembourg

BulgariaSlovenia

LithuaniaLatvia

CyprusEstoniaIceland

MaltaLiechtenstein

Non industry

Mining & quarrying

Manufacturing

Electricity, gas, steam, & air conditioning supply

Waste management

Industry (no detail)

1.2% 8.9%

2.1%

1.2%

86.5%

Percentage of country economy, 2013

2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

GVA (billion Euros)

Total industry

Electricity, gas, steam, & air conditioning supply

Manufacturing

Mining & quarrying

Waste management


This section shows the significance of industry as an energy consumer. The parameter used is final energy consumption, which accounts for the energy supplied to the consumer (i.e. industry) for all energy used involved to run the processes in the industrial activities considered in this fact sheet. Figure 3. Energy consumption of industry as % of EEA33 energy consumption, and within the United Kingdom, 2013

Source: ESTAT, 2015b. No data for LI. Data gap-filled according to methodologyFigure 4. Evolution of energy consumption of industry, broken down by sectors, within the United Kingdom, Petajoules (PJ), 1990-2013

Source: ESTAT, 2015b. Data gap-filled according to methodologyEnergy consumption (PJ)

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Chemical industry 211.1 201.1 177.7 145.3 154.6 139.5 131.5 136.1Manufacturing 439.6 423.5 370.7 312.7 331.1 327.0 323.0 326.6Metal industry 245.3 239.8 231.6 168.8 170.0 161.2 156.4 184.9Mining & quarrying 0.7 1.0 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.5Other industry 455.8 465.9 476.7 417.3 445.2 398.0 395.6 402.4Total industry 1 352.5 1 331.3 1 257.2 1 044.5 1 101.4 1 026.1 1 006.9 1 050.6

SIGNIFICANCE OF INDUSTRY IN TERMS OF WATER USAGE


0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18% EEA Energy Consumption

GermanyFrance

United KingdomItaly

TurkeySpain

PolandNetherlands

BelgiumSwedenAustriaFinland

Czech RepublicRomania

SwitzerlandNorway

PortugalGreece

HungaryDenmarkSlovakia

IrelandBulgaria

CroatiaSlovenia

LithuaniaLuxembourg

LatviaIcelandEstoniaCyprus

Malta

Non industry

Chemical industry

Manufacturing

Metal industry

Mining & quarrying

Other industry

Industry (no detail)

2.4%

3.2%

5.7%

81.2%

7.0%

Percentage of country energy consumption, 2013

1993 1998 2003 2008 2013

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

Energy consumption (PJ)

Total industry

Chemical industry

Manufacturing

Metal industry

Mining & quarrying

Other industry


This section shows the significance of industry as a water consumer. The parameter used is water usage, which accounts for the water supplied to the consumer (i.e. industry) for all water uses needed to run the processes in the industrial activities considered in this fact sheet. Figure 5. Water usage by industry as % of EEA33 water usage, and within the United Kingdom, 2013

Source: ESTAT, 2015a. No data for LI. Data gap-filled according to methodologyFigure 6. Evolution of industrial water usage within the United Kingdom, million cubic meters (Mm3), 1990-2013

Source: ESTATa, 2015. No data for LI. Data gap-filled according to methodologyWater consumption (Mm3) 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013Manufacturing 549 403 441 501 359 271 452 452Mining & quarrying 45 45 36 41 44 39 39 39Electricity, gas (…) 30 30 24 27 29 26 26 26Total industry 623 477 501 569 432 336 517 517


0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15% EEA Total Water Consumption

FranceItaly

United KingdomGermany

SpainTurkeyPoland

NetherlandsRomaniaPortugalBelgium

SwitzerlandGreece

SwedenIreland

NorwayAustria

Czech RepublicHungaryBulgaria

DenmarkFinland

LatviaSlovakia

CroatiaSlovenia

LithuaniaCyprusIcelandEstonia

LuxembourgMalta

Non industry

Manufacturing

Mining & quarrying

Production & distribution of electricity

9.4%0.5%

0.8%

89.2%

Percentage of country water consumption, 2013

1993 1998 2003 2008 2013

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

Water consumption (million m³)

Total industry

Manufacturing

Mining & quarrying

Production & distribution of electricity


Industrial emissions to airSIGNIFICANCE OF INDUSTRY IN TERMS OF EMISSIONS TO AIR

Air pollution harms human health and the environment. In Europe, emissions of many air pollutants have decreased substantially in recent decades, resulting in improved air quality across the region. However, air pollutant concentrations are still high, and air quality problems persist. The selected pollutants for which data are provided in this section are those that cause significant pressure on the environment and human health. Nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulphur oxides (SOx) and ammonia (NH3) cause acidification and eutrophication. Non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC) and particulate matter (PM10) play a key role in air quality, especially in the so-called smog. Finally, the release of heavy metals lead to their accumulation in the food chain, an issue of concern given their toxicity. The heavy metals considered are arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), and mercury (Hg).Figure 7. Industrial air emissions as % of total country pollution, by sector origins, 2013 – United Kingdom For each pollutant, the coloured sections of the bars represent the contribution of the different industrial sectors. The grey areas refer to the contribution of the rest of the human activities (other than industry). The quantities, expressed in percentages, refer to the country’s total air emissions of each pollutant. The smaller the grey area the bigger the significance of industrial releases for the concerned pollutant. In the CLRTAP, NOx is reported as nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide, expressed as nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and SOx covers all sulphur compounds expressed as sulphur dioxide (SO2) (including sulphur trioxide, sulphuric acid, and reduced sulphur compounds, such as hydrogem sulphide, mercaptans and dimethul sulphides, etc.)

Source: EEA, 2015cEmissions (tonnes) As Cr Hg NH3 NMVOC NOx (as

NO2)Pb PM10 SOx (as

SO2)Cement and lime (…) 0.0

4 0.62 0.2

5 341.30 1 086.85 17 829.65 0.68 2 149.45 9 686.81

Chemical industry 0.00

3.48 0.41

2 219.38 76 583.18 561.44 1.91 310.73 796.78

Energy industry 2.12

6.51 2.26

3 794.60 144 284.35

450 204.31 13.18

40 592.27

273 975.84

Food & drink industry - - - 843.00 90 055.02 - - - - Iron & steel manufacturing

5.12

4.30 0.99

0.51 3 295.58 17 282.04 31.55

4 682.68 17 734.89

Mining & quarrying - - - - 31 495.14 47.28 - 5 623.02 0.16 Non-ferrous metal (…) 0.0

6 0.15 0.0

8 0.01 25.16 2 012.64 1.85 357.40 5 733.69

Other manufacturing 1.48

2.25 0.89

363.81 131 663.26

50 959.74 9.80 9 697.50 71 760.80


0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100Industry sectors as % of pollutant country total

As

Cr

Hg

NH₃

NMVOC

NOₓ

Pb

PM₁₀

SOₓ

SectorWaste industry

Pulp, paper, & wood production

Other manufacturing

Non-ferrous metal production

Mining & quarrying

Iron & steel manufacturing

Food & drink industry

Energy industry

Chemical industry

Cement & lime production

Non industry


Pulp, paper, & wood (…)

- - - 5.00 158.13 - - 786.83 -

Waste industry 9.02

11.11 0.96

7 563.81 6 563.73 1 362.74 0.96 2 240.95 702.75

Non industry 0.12

1.36 0.22

210 748.40

299 943.56

364 028.21 2.24 39 104.99

8 335.93

EMISSIONS TRENDS FOR KEY AIR POLLUTANTSEmissions and economic growth trends are often coupled. EU policy aims, among other objectives, at decoupling economic growth from emissions, and driving down emission trends, whilst allowing economies to continue to grow. Decoupling of industrial emissions from industry GVA growth can be absolute (emissions decrease where GVA increases) or relative (emissions increase at a slower rate than GVA). Selected pollutants emissions, indexed to 2007, are presented together with GVA (also indexed to 2007) to show the coupling or decoupling of pollutant releases with economic growth. Figure 8. Industrial air pollution versus the economy (non heavy metals), United Kingdom, 2007-2013

Source: EEA, 2015aEmissions (tonnes) 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013NH3 4 906 4 197 3 735 4 260 5 199 9 234 3 705NMVOC 171 414 125 020 110 037 102 429 76 605 99 620 87 388NOx/NO2 529 307 437 628 382 151 370 535 323 535 364 177 365 762PM10 19 607 15 670 11 445 13 229 12 752 22 270 15 497SOx/SO2 473 580 378 166 300 559 318 885 284 161 314 150 265 360Figure 9. Industrial air pollution versus the economy (heavy metals), United Kingdom, 2007-2013

Source: EEA, 2015aEmissions (tonnes) 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013As 1.4 1.3 1.0 0.9 1.1 1.8 1.6


2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

Index (2007 = 1)

INDEX LINE

Industry GVA

NH₃

NMVOC

NOₓ/NO₂

PM₁₀

SOₓ/SO₂

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00

1.20

Index (2007 = 1)

INDEX LINE

Industry GVA

As

Cr

Hg

Pb


Cr 8.6 8.1 7.3 4.6 4.7 4.5 4.7Hg 3.8 2.9 3.0 3.3 2.8 2.5 2.9Pb 38.3 38.3 29.8 35.1 35.2 32.7 35.9

Industrial emissions to waterSIGNIFICANCE OF INDUSTRY IN TERMS OF EMISSIONS TO WATER

Industrial activities are an important source of water pollution. Industry realeases pollutants that can be harmful to people and the environment. In this section, data are provided for the heavy metals arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn); the nutrients nitrogen (Tot-N) and phosphorus (Tot-P); and the total organic carbon content (TOC).

For each pollutant, the coloured sections of the bars represent the contribution of the different industrial sectors. The sector’s contributions, expressed in percentages, refer to the country’s total industrial water emissions of each pollutant as reported to the European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (E-PRTR).

For water releases, there are no complete inventories of emissions covering all human activities. That is why the data source for this medium is the E-PRTR. This dataset only covers releases above a certain threshold for selected industrial activities. Therefore, this graph captures a subset of the industrial reality. In the E-PRTR heavy metals include compounds.

Figure 10. Industrial water emissions as % of total country E-PRTR pollution, by sector origins, 2013 – United Kingdom

Source: EEA, 2015aEmissions (tonnes) As Cd Cr Cu Hg Ni Pb TOC Tot-

NTot-P Zn

Electricity, gas, steam (…)

0.59 0.01 0.79

8.69 0.08 0.89 0.00 97 584 46 1.57

Manufacturing 0.77 0.17 1.85

3.62 0.07 7.33 1.48 26 322 5 396 760 11.96

Mining & quarrying 0.95 0.20 1.92

0.97 0.09 1.61 1.89 51 0 0 35.09


0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100Industry sectors as % of total industry in country

As

Cd

Cr

Cu

Hg

Ni

Pb

TOC

Tot-N

Tot-P

Zn

SectorWaste management, sewerage, water supply

Mining & quarrying

Manufacturing

Electricity, gas, steam, air conditioning supply


Waste management (…) 0.19 0.00 0.13

0.42 0.00 0.07 0.12 3 340 746 227 1.08



EMISSIONS TRENDS FOR KEY WATER POLLUTANTS This section presents indexed data on emissions (annual loads) and growth (GVA) to show the possible decoupling of economy and environment pressures. An explanation of this concept is in the same section for air pollutants (page 8). Figure 11. Industrial water pollution versus the economy, United Kingdom, 2007-2013

Source: EEA, 2015aNote: As heavy metals in water represent a comparable pressure to the environment, they can be aggregated by their relative toxicity. The methodology document includes details on this aggregation. The heavy metal releases are weighted by factors corresponding to the reciprocal Predicted No Effect Concentrations (PNEC) values (1/PNEC) (OSPAR, 2014) for each pollutant and set equivalent to one of the metals - here Mercury has been chosen.Emissions (tonnes) 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013Heavy Metals (Hg specific) See individual pollutants in table below.Total Organic Carbon (TOC)

34 189 32 394 24 253 28 172 13 172 24 385 29 810

Tot-N 10 536 13 559 6 774 10 259 6 926 9 433 6 726Tot-P 1 155 1 770 758 1445 530 1 593 1 033Figure 12. Industrial water pollution versus the economy (Heavy Metals), United Kingdom, 2007-2013

Source: EEA, 2015aEmissions (kg) 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013As 4 569 6 546 3 331 3 385 2 836 3 272 2 497Cd 545 1374 321 498 431 377 389Cr 21 340 12 676 4 761 2 642 2 593 5 592 4 686Cu 38 361 42 906 13 874 13 731 10 193 14 175 13 697Hg 392 374 225 248 238 418 245Ni 19 575 15 597 8 790 10 189 9 994 8 241 9 898Pb 16 986 6 673 3 503 4 982 4 004 6 835 3 489Zn 133 112 75 827 51 512 64 068 30 952 72 066 49 696


2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

Index (2007 = 1)

INDEX LINE

Industry GVA

Heavy Metals

TOC

Tot-N

Tot-P

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

Index (2007 = 1)

INDEX LINE

Industry GVA

As

Cd

Cr

Cu

Hg

Ni

Pb

Zn


Waste generationSIGNIFICANCE OF INDUSTRY IN TERMS OF GENERATION OF WASTE

The waste produced by industrial activities consists of sources such as chemical solvents, paints, paper products, industrial by-products, and metals. In the following analysis, data concerning industrial waste are grouped into three types: hazardous waste, non-hazardous waste, and waste from mining and quarrying.

Hazardous waste can pose a risk to health or the environment if not managed and disposed correctly. The properties of waste which render it hazardous are defined in Annex III to the Waste Directive (EC, 2008), and include being explosive, flammable, toxic, and carcinogenic. Waste from mining and quarrying is presented in its own group, due to the different nature and large volumes of this type of waste. Mining and quarrying waste is waste resulting from the prospecting, extraction, treatment and storage of mineral resources and the working of quarries. This category of waste is also addressed by a separate Directive on the management of waste (EC, 2006).

The following figures on waste generation, show 1) waste intensity (waste (tonnes)/GVA (€millions)), 2) the share of waste generation by the different activities out of the EEA33 total waste generation and 3) the share of country waste generation totals.

Waste intensity quantifies the relationship between the waste generation and economic output. The larger the number, the more waste-generating that country is compared to the GVA the sector produces.Figure 13. Industrial non hazardous waste generation as % of total EEA waste, with waste intensity, 2012

Source: ESTAT, 2015a. No data for CH.


0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10% EEA total waste generation

GermanyFrance

United KingdomItaly

NetherlandsPolandSpain

BelgiumTurkey

RomaniaFinlandAustriaGreeceSweden

Czech RepublicBulgariaHungaryDenmarkPortugalIrelandNorway

LuxembourgSlovakiaLithuaniaSloveniaEstoniaCroatiaLatviaCyprusMalta

IcelandLiechtenstein

Non industry

Manufacturing


Waste management, water supply, sewerage

18.3%

1.3%

66.2%

14.1%

Percentage of country hazardous waste generation,2012

050010001500Industry non-hazardous waste intensity (Waste (tonnes)/ GVA

(€million))


Figure 14. Industrial hazardous waste generation as % of total EEA waste, with waste intensity, 2012

Source: ESTAT, 2015a. No data for CH.Figure 15. Mining and quarrying waste generation as % of total EEA waste, with waste intensity, 2012

Source: ESTAT, 2015a. No data for CH.


0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6

% EEA total waste generation

GermanyFrance

ItalyEstonia

United KingdomNetherlands

BelgiumSpain

SwedenPolandFinland

Czech RepublicIreland

DenmarkAustriaNorwayTurkey

HungaryPortugalRomaniaSlovakia

LuxembourgGreece

BulgariaLithuaniaSloveniaCroatiaLatviaCyprusMalta

IcelandLiechtenstein

Non industry


Manufacturing

Waste management, water supply, sewerage

18.3%1.3%

66.2%

14.1%

Percentage of country hazardous waste generation,2012

050010001500200025003000Industry hazardous waste intensity (Waste (tonnes)/ GVA

(€million))

0 5 10 15 20 25

% EEA total waste generation

TurkeyRomaniaBulgariaSwedenPolandFinlandGreece

United KingdomSpain

EstoniaGermanyFranceIreland

ItalyNorwaySlovakiaPortugalCyprus

NetherlandsCzech Republic

LuxembourgBelgiumHungaryAustriaMalta

LiechtensteinLithuaniaDenmarkSloveniaCroatiaLatvia

Iceland0K5K10K15K

Industry mining & quarrying waste intensity (Waste (tonnes)/GVA (€million))

24,043,977 tonnes

Mining & quarrying country waste generation, 2012


WASTE GENERATION TREND This section presents indexed data on waste generation broken down by sectors and growth (GVA) to show the possible coupling or decoupling of the economy and environmental pressures. An explanation of the concept is available in the same section for air pollutants (page 8 of this factsheet). In this case, the data was indexed to 2004 levels.Figure 16. Decoupling of industrial non-hazardous waste, 2004-2012

Source: ESTAT, 2015a.Waste (tonnes) 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012Electricity, gas (…) 688 0924 6 491 528 4 775 749 3 249 754 4 865 395Manufacturing 32 414 995 26 087 720 21 211 378 1 112 6031 12 221 298Mining & quarrying 35 137 940 31 769 690 33 998 683 24 720 795 23 920 751Waste management 36 644 351 29 155 335 32 680 244 19 065 164 24 539 669Figure 17. Decoupling of industrial hazardous waste, 2004-2012 (latest years available)

Source: ESTAT, 2015a.Waste (tonnes) 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012Electricity, gas (…) 34 418 381 260 108 784 95 621 99 798Manufacturing 2 641 304 2 073 547 1 625 777 11 93 709 13 74 595Mining & quarrying 13 104 13 104 58 941 53 996 123 226Waste management 2 318 157 570 719 635 111 617 303 1 060 847


2004 2006 2008 2010 2012

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

Index (2004 = 1)

INDEX LINE

Industry GVAElectricity, gas, steam, air conditioning supplyManufacturingMining & quarryingWaste management

2004 2006 2008 2010 2012

0

2

4

6

8

10

Index (2004 = 1)

INDEX LINE

Industry GVAElectricity, gas, steam, air conditioning supplyManufacturingMining & quarryingWaste management


ReferencesEC, 2006. Directive 2006/21/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 March 2006 on the management of waste from extractive industries and amending Directive 2004/35/EC, (http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32006L0021) accessed 24 November 2015

EC, 2008. Directive 2008/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 November 2008 on waste and repealing certain Directives. (http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2008:312:0003:0030:en:PDF) accessed 24 November 2015

EEA, 2015a. European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (E-PRTR), v7.0, Dataset. (http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/member-states-reporting-art-7-under-the-european-pollutant-release-and-transfer-register-e-prtr-regulation-10) accessed 24 November 2015 EEA, 2015b. European Environment Agency’s compilation of the national greenhouse gas inventories to be reported to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), Dataset. (http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/national-emissions-reported-to-the-unfccc-and-to-the-eu-greenhouse-gas-monitoring-mechanism-9) accessed 24 November 2015

EEA, 2015c. European Environment Agency’s compilation of data on emissions of air pollutants to be submitted to the Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution (CLRTAP), Dataset. (http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/national-emissions-reported-to-the-convention-on-long-range-transboundary-air-pollution-lrtap-convention-9) accessed 24 November 2015

ESTAT, 2015a. Eurostat’s statistics on environment (http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/data/database, tables env_wat_cat, env_wat_ind, and env_wat_abs and env_wasgt) accessed 24 November 2015

ESTAT, 2015b. Eurostat’s statistics on energy (http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/data/database, table nrg_110a) accessed 24 November 2015

ESTAT, 2015c. Eurostat’s statistics on economy and finance statistics (http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/data/database, table nama_nace64_k) accessed 24 November 2015

OSPAR, 2014. Establishment of a list of Predicted No Effect Concentrations (PNECs) for naturally occurring substances in produced water (OSPAR Agreement 2014-05), (https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/361476/OSPAR_RBA_Predicted_No_Effect_Concentrations__PNECs__Background_Document.pdf) accessed 24 November 2015


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http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/member-states-reporting-art-7-under-the-european-pollutant-release-and-transfer-register-e-prtr-regulation-10

http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2008:312:0003:0030:en:PDF

http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32006L0021

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