COUNTRY REPORT AFGAHNISTAN

Presented by Lutfullah “Amarkhail”

Nationality : Afghan

Name of the organization : Ministry of Energy& Water Kabul Afghanistan

Department : General Planning & donors Coordination Department.

Phone:+93(0)772848968

Email : lutfullah_eirp@yahoo.com

GENERAL INFORMATION OF AFGHANISTAN

Afghanistan is a mountainous country and locked in center of Asia, between Latitude 29. 35’ to 38.40’

Longitude 60.31’ to 75.5’ E The average elevation of the country varies from 200 to

7750 m from the mean sea level, its total area is 653000 Sq Km Afghanistan is bounded in the North by Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan, the Northeast with republic of China, East with Islamic republic of Pakistan, and the West with Islamic republic of Iran.

Out of the total area of Afghanistan, about 75% covered with mountains range, the highest of them located in eastern side are famous Hindu Kosh, Koh-e Baba, Tirband-e Turkistan, Feroz Koh, Koh-e Solaiman. Koh-e Chakabi and the high Pamir , whose peaks are mostly covered with snows all the time. And the rest 25% consist of large deserts.

RIVER BASIN OF AFGHANISTAN

Afghanistan is consist of five river basins - Kabul River Basin - Helmand River Basin - Northern River Basin - Western River Basin ( Harirud Murghab) - Panj-Amu River Basin

RIVER BASIN MAP OFAFGHANISTAN

Wester River Basin

North River Basin North River Basin

Amu River Basin Amu River Basin

Kabul River Basin Kabul River Basin

Helmand River BasinHelmand River BasinMajor basins and main branch watersheds.shp

Hari RodHilmandKabulNortheastern BasinNorthern BasinSistanSouth Eastern BasinSouthern Basin

River-line.shpRiver-region.shp

400 0 400 800 Kilometers

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SELECTION OF WADI BASIN OF AFGHANISTAN

Based on the discussion of Eng. Sayed Sharif and Dr. Qunli Director of Tehran UNESCO in Tehran

It has been agreed to select Kabul river Basin as WADI basin from Afghanistan

Based on the available information I have prepared brief presentation on Kabul River basin.

Due to Civil war and conflicts most of the data has been lost.

Since coming of new government some data has been collected ,it is not enough

Water & Development Information for arid lands

Name of the basin, Kabul River Basin Country Name, Afghanistan

Name of the Resource Persons Sayed Rasekhudin Nationality : Afghan Name of the organization : Ministry of

Energy& Water Director of Water Resources Planning Unit

(WRPU). Email : rasekh.eirp@gmail.com Chief Engineer Sayed Sharif Shobair Nationality: Afghan Name of the Organization: FAO Email: Sayed.Sharif@eirp-afg.org

General information on Kabul River Basin

KABUL RIVER BASIN The Kabul river basin lies in the northeast quarter of

Afghanistan . The river flows west to east, joining the Indus river in Pakistan it encompasses just 12% of the area of Afghanistan it accounts for 35 % of the population, and has the fastest population growth rate in the country.

The northern or left flank of the basin is extremely mountainous, while the southern portions drain mainly low mountain ranges, foothills and plains

The eastern portion of the basin includes extensive but rapidly diminishing forests that comprise nearly 93 % of the country's forest area. Rangeland is limited to approximately 13% of the national total, as is rain fed agriculture, which accounts for only 3.55 of the country's total rain fed agricultural area.

Irrigated land in the basin with intensive cultivation of one or two crops per year is currently estimated to be 150000 hectares, or nearly 20% of the estimated 1.56 million hectares of irrigated area in Afghanistan.

The climate of the basin is characterized by cold winters with maximum precipitation from November to May, and warm to very hot summers with little or no precipitation or stream flow, except in rivers and streams fed by melting snow and glaciers. Rainfall is highly variable throughout the basin.

Kabul River Basin is consist of nine provinces as follows:

1. Kabul2. Parwan3. Kapisa4. Panjsher5. Logar6. Maidan7. Jalal abad8. Konar 9. Laghman

KABUL RIVER BASIN MAP

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ÑParwan

Wardak

Logar

Kabul

Kapisa

Laghman

Nangarhar

Kunar

NuristanKabul River Basin

KABULKAPISAKUNARLAGHMANLOGARNANGARHARNURISTANPARWANWARDAK

Ñ Theme69.shp

200 0 200 400 Kilometers

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KABUL RIVER BASIN CONSIST OF THREE MAJOR SUB BASIN

Panjsher sub Basin Logar sub Basin Lower Kabul sub Basin

KABUL RIVER SUB BASINS

HYDROLOGICAL AND WATER MANAGEMENT ISSUES

Before 1980 , 142 hydrological stations were installed in all over Afghanistan, but due to war and conflict all station have been destroyed

Before 1980 historical hydrology data is available for the period of 1965-1980 and the resolution is daily

Since 2008 till now 106 hydrological stations have been installed and 26 are located in the Kabul river basin. The data is under compiling processing and developing the new rating curves.

before 1980 water had good management and the peoples’ were irrigated their land by traditional irrigation canals , but most of them were destroyed.

Right now most of the irrigation canals are repaired and water management is almost in good condition

But in drought year farmers are encountering with lack of water problems, because lack of the reservoirs. The water management department is working on in order to have good water management.

ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES

In the Kabul River Basin we have two environmental issues

1. The Environmental flow for the Kabul river basin especially through the Kabul city. The upper part of the basin is intermediate river, we need to ensure the environmental flow through the year.

2. In the upper part of the basin we have a lake, before it was active but due to drought it has been dried. It need to consider it in the future.

LIVELIHOODS ISSUES

Most of Afghanistan population are living in the Kabul river basin and 65% of this population are living along the river.

Major peoples’ are busy with the agriculture .

POLICY AND LEGISLATION ISSUES

Water policy has been prepared and based on that the Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) is implementing.

River basin council and sub basin council have been structured and they are responsible for the river basin ligislations

Water user associations have been made.

GEOGRAPHICAL PROPERTIES Longitude(71o 02’) Latitude (34o 14’) at down

stream river outlet. Topography most area of Kabul river is

mountainous and elevation is from 550-6800msl. Size of the basin 67370Km2 Irrigated area of Kabul basin , almost 150000 Ha Current Per Capita water use 60 lpcd

LONG TERM MONTHLY MEAN PRECIPITATION IN KABUL RIVER BASIN

0.0010.0020.0030.0040.0050.0060.0070.0080.0090.00

Monthly Mean

Precipitation (mm)

Jan Mar May Jul Sep Nov

Months of Year

Monthly Mean Precipitation (mm) Kabul River Basin

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Precipitation distribution through the Kabul river basin

Annual Precipitation of Kabul River Basin (mm)

0.00

200.00

400.00

600.00

800.00

1000.00

1200.00

Asmar

Behso

od

Jabul

Ser

aj

Jala

labad

Kabul

Karez

mir

Laghm

an

Logar

Sorub

i

South

Sal

ang

Paghm

an

Name of the Station

An

nu

al P

rec

ipit

ati

on

(m

m) Asmar

Behsood

Jabul Seraj

Jalalabad

Kabul

Karezmir

Laghman

Logar

Sorubi

South Salang

Paghman

DEMOGRAPHIC PROPERTIES General Location of the

Basin( Northeast Quarter of Afghanistan

Total Population in the basin(8.9 Million)

Population Below Poverty Line 60% of basin population are bellow poverty

DEMOGRAPHICS LAND USE

The KRB includes 23 % of the settlements in Afghanistan & approximately 35 % of the country’s population. The population density in the basin averages 93 % per sq. km.

ProvinceProvince MalesMales FemalesFemales TotalTotal Refugee Refugee UNHCR UNHCR

Total Total Population Population

% of Total% of Total

Kabul Kabul 1729.11729.1 1584.71584.7 3313.83313.8 656.4656.4 3970.23970.2 48.548.5

LogarLogar 149.5149.5 142142 291.5291.5 26.626.6 318.2318.2 3.93.9

WardakWardak 211.8211.8 201.2201.2 413413 12.312.3 425.3425.3 5.25.2

ParwanParwan 372.8372.8 353.6353.6 726.4726.4 101.4101.4 827.8827.8 10.110.1

Kapisa Kapisa 184.5184.5 175.2175.2 359.7359.7 2323 382.7382.7 4.74.7

Nangarhar Nangarhar 559.6559.6 529.5529.5 1089.11089.1 313.9313.9 1403.01403.0 17.117.1

Konar Konar 164.7164.7 156.5156.5 321.2321.2 11.011.0 332.2332.2 4.04.0

LaghmanLaghman 191.1191.1 181.5181.5 372.6372.6 38.838.8 411.4411.4 5.05.0

Nuristan Nuristan 57.357.3 54.454.4 111.7111.7 0.100.10 111.8111.8 1.41.4

Provinces Constituting the Kabul River Basin:Provinces Constituting the Kabul River Basin:

Total Population by Province including Refugees Total Population by Province including Refugees (000's)(000's)

URBAN & RURAL POPULATION IN THE KABUL RIVER BASIN

NoNo

ProvinceProvince UrbanUrban Rural Rural Total Total Est. growth Est. growth

rate(%) rate(%) (1979-2003)(1979-2003)

11 Kabul Kabul 2,839,1002,839,100 615,900615,900 34450003445000 3.913.91

22 ParwanParwan 7,8007,800 307,600307,600 315400315400 1.581.58

33 KapisaKapisa 3,2003,200 445,500445,500 448700448700 1.871.87

44 WardakWardak 3720037200 700,000700,000 337200337200 1.591.59

55 LogarLogar 1,9001,900 363,000363,000 364.900364.900 1.581.58

66 KunarKunar 101,700101,700 1,004,0001,004,000 1,1057001,105700 1.561.56

77 NangarharNangarhar 3,3003,300 324,800324,800 328100328100 1.141.14

88 LaghmanLaghman 6,2006,200 371900371900 378100378100 0.820.82

99 NuristanNuristan 00 111600111600 111600111600 00

TotalTotal 30,000,40030,000,400 4,244,3004,244,300 7,244,7007,244,700

LAND USES: PRINCIPAL LAND USES, AS PERCENTAGE OF BASIN AREA

Mountains: Out of the total area of Afghanistan, about 75%

Desert 25% Wetlands (1.90%) Agriculture (3.55) Irrigated area 150000 ha Urban area - three major cities are urban area in the Kabul

Basin 1. Kabul 2. Jalalabad 3. Parwan

ENVIRONMENTAL PROPERTIES IN KABUL RIVER BASIN

NoNo Name of ProvinceName of Province Wetlands Km2Wetlands Km2 Wetlands %Wetlands %

11 ParwanParwan 0.60.6 0.000.00

22 KabulKabul 2.92.9 0.100.10

33 KapisaKapisa -- 0.000.00

44 Kunar Kunar 15.415.4 0.300.30

55 LaghmanLaghman 19.819.8 0.500.50

66 LogarLogar 1.51.5 0.000.00

77 NangarharNangarhar 79.879.8 1.001.00

88 NuristanNuristan 2.92.9 0.000.00

99 WardakWardak 2.52.5 0.000.00

TotalTotal 125.4125.4 1.901.90

METEOROLOGICAL AND SNOW GAUGING STATIONS

Based on the location, representative importance Based on the location, representative importance and historical background selection has been done.and historical background selection has been done. 30 Automatic weather stations are proposed as 30 Automatic weather stations are proposed as Meteorological stations.Meteorological stations. 40 Snow gauging stations are proposed for snow survey40 Snow gauging stations are proposed for snow survey

The meteorological stations will have sensors for The meteorological stations will have sensors for precipitation, air temperature, relative humidity, wind precipitation, air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed & direction, solar radiation and evaporation.speed & direction, solar radiation and evaporation. The snow stations will be located at or above elevation The snow stations will be located at or above elevation of about 2500m.of about 2500m.

HYDRO METEOROLOGICAL NETWORKS Present data collection in the new purposed

hydrological station it is recording in every 15 minutes.

Rainfall data is recording in every 15 minutes. Lack of telemetry service it is not send to MEW in real

time. Since 1980 till now the update data is not available From 68 meteorological station data is available

before 1980 years. it is tabulated in excel program Monthly mean precipitation data is tabulated in Excel

program Relative humidity data it has been tabulated in Excel

program

RAINFALL FORECASTS All forecasting department for the hydro-

meteorological elements and among them precipitations due to war, are damaged for the present time we don’t have forecasting department in the country.

Up to now we have not taken from other source

We have made the maps of precipitation distribution in the territory of our country

For this purpose we have used the observation material of 70 meteorological station having more then 10 years observations.

FLOOD FORECAST

Due to shortage of forecasters and observation materials , human and technical capacity we are not able to forecast.

No soft ware is available Still no progress and development in the

flood forecasting

Thank you for your attention