County of HawaiiDepartment of Water Supply

Water Use & Development Plan Update

Integrating Water Law and Land Use Planning in Hawaii

Big Island Water Resources Meeting - UH HiloMarch 21, 2011

Lawrence E. Beck, P.E.

HAWAII WATER PLAN

Legislative Mandate

• 1987 – Hawaii Water Code (HRS Chapter 174C)

• Protect Hawaii’s surface & ground water resources

• Established the Commission on Water Resources Management (CWRM)

• Development of the Hawaii Water Plan as… “a long range planning guide for CWRM”

HAWAII WATER PLAN

WRPP WQP SWPP AWUDP

CountyWUDP’s

State Needs

Agricultural Needs

Water Use & Land Use Policies

Quantity QualityResource Protection

Policies

HAWAII WATER PLAN

County WUDP’s

Objective –“to set forth the allocation of water to land use through the development of policies & strategies to guide the County in its planning, management and development of water resources to meet projected demands”

Hawai’i County decided to fund the update – recognized its importance as “a long range planning guide for DWS”

Statewide Framework (2000)

Objective

Created by CWRM to facilitate the coordination, integration & consistency of the components of the Hawaii Water Plan

Technical Approach

Key Tasks

• Inventory of Existing Sources• Inventory of Existing Uses• Identification of Existing Water Systems• Assessment of Land Use Plans & Policies• Projection of Future Water Demands• Identification of Supply-side (Resource) &

Demand-side (Uses/Control) Options• Public Participation – Stakeholder

Input/Review

Technical Approach

Inventory of Existing Sources

• CWRM database– Registered Wells– Registered Diversions

• Updated well pumpage information/records

• Updated diversion records• Catchment systems are major sources• Reclaimed wastewater• Desalination systems

Sustainable Yield

Instream Flow Standard

Technical Approach

Key Definitions

• Sustainable Yield– “Sustainable yield” means the maximum rate

at which water may be withdrawn from a water source without impairing the utility or quality of the water source as determined by the commission.”

• Instream Flow Standards– “a quantity or flow of water or depth of water

which is required to be present at a specific location in a stream system at certain specified times of the year to protect fishery, wildlife, recreational, aesthetic, scenic, and other beneficial instream uses.”

CWRM Aquifer Sectors & Systems

801 – KOHALA

806 – SW MAUNA LOA

803 – W MAUNA KEA

807 – NW MAUNA LOA

809 – HUALALAI 804 – NE MAUNA LOA

808 - KILAUEA

802 – E MAUNA KEA

805 – SE MAUNA LOA

24 Systems

Summary – Island of HawaiiAquifer Sector – Sustainable Yield

Sector Code Aquifer Sector Area (Acres)

S.Y. (mgd)

801 Kohala 154,118 154

802 East Mauna Kea 385,952 388

803 West Mauna Kea 180,570 24

804 North East Mauna Loa 256,640 740

805 South East Mauna Loa 447,859 291

806 South West Mauna Loa 406,893 130

807 North West Mauna Loa 186,246 30

808 Kilauea 361,338 618

809 Hualalai 200,282 56

Total – Island of Hawaii 2,579,898 2431

CWRM Registered Wells & Aquifer

Sectors

CWRM Watersheds & Registered Diversions

Aquifer Sectors

Technical Approach (cont.) Inventory of Existing Uses

• Domestic (individual households)• Industrial (fire protection, mining,

thermoelectric cooling, geothermal)• Irrigation (golf course, landscaping)• Agriculture (crops, processing, livestock)• Military• Municipal (County, State, “Private” Public

Water Systems)

Technical Approach

Land Use Plans & Policies

• State Land Use Classifications– Generalized Land Use Policies

• County General Plan– Ultimate Development “County Vision”

• County Zoning– Allowable Development by Ordinance

Land Use Pattern Allocation Guide Map (LUPAG Map)

809

803

807

12 Classifications

General Plan Designation

ConservationExtensive AgricultureHigh Density UrbanIntensive AgricultureIndustrialLow Density UrbanMedium Density UrbanOpen AreaOrchardsResortUrban ExpansionUniversity Use

County of Hawaii

General Plan(LUPAG)

12 Classifications

(breakwater)(flood)(pier)(pond)(river)(road)A-10aA-1aA-200aA-20aA-255aA-2aA-35aA-3aA-40aA-500aA-5aA-600aA-7aA-8000aA-80aA-8aA-900aAPDCDHCG-10CG-20CG-7.5CN-10CN-20CN-40CN-7.5CV-10CV-15CV-1aCV-20CV-7.5FA-1aFA-2aFA-3aFA-5aFRMCX-1aMCX-20MG-10aMG-1aMG-20MG-3aMG-5aML-10ML-1aML-20ML-3aNPOPENPDRA-.5aRA-1aRA-2aRCX-10RCX-2RD-3.75RM-.75RM-1RM-1.25RM-1.5RM-10RM-14.5RM-15RM-2RM-2.5RM-20RM-3RM-3.5RM-4RM-5RM-5.5RM-6RM-7RM-8RS-10RS-15RS-20RS-5aRS-7.5V-.75V-1V-1.0V-1.25V-1.5V-1.75V-2V-2.0V-2.25V-25V-2aV-4V-6.0V-7

County of Hawaii

Zoning Map

About 100 Zone Types

Technical Approach

Projected Water Demands

• Full Build-out Scenarios– Sustainability of Land Use Policies– Application of Standard Unit Rates to GP/Z

• Water Demand Projections – “Infill” of undeveloped or under-developed

lands– Based on Population Growth Scenarios– Source Availability attenuates Development– Water System Infrastructure restricts

Development – DWS treats State, County, DHHL, etc. same as

other developers with respect to availability & infrastructure

GENERAL PLAN (LUPAG) FULL BUILD-OUT SCENARIO

EXISTING ZONING BUILD-OUT SCENARIO

PROJECTED WATER DEMAND

SUSTAINABILITY OF LAND USE POLICIES

2005 2010 2015 2020 2025

EXISTING DEMAND

SUSTAINABLE YIELD (WRPP)

DEM

AN

D/S

US

TA

INA

BLE Y

IELD

(M

GD

)

2005 2010 2015 2020 2025

SUSTAINABLE YIELD (WRPP)

EXISTING ZONING BUILD-OUT SCENARIO

SUSTAINABILITY OF LAND USE POLICIES

GENERAL PLAN (LUPAG) FULL BUILDOUT SCENARIO

DEM

AN

D/S

US

TA

INA

BLE Y

IELD

(M

GD

)

2005 2010 2015 2020 2025

SUSTAINABLE YIELD (WRPP)

EXISTING ZONING BUILD-OUT SCENARIO

SUSTAINABILITY OF LAND USE POLICIES

GENERAL PLAN (LUPAG) FULL BUILDOUT SCENARIO

DEM

AN

D/S

US

TA

INA

BLE Y

IELD

(M

GD

)

GENERAL PLAN (LUPAG) FULL BUILD-OUT SCENARIO

EXISTING ZONING BUILD-OUT SCENARIO

PROJECTED WATER DEMAND

PROJECTED POPULATION GROWTH

PROJECTED DEMAND

EXISTING DEMAND

DEM

AN

D (

MG

D)

EXISTINGPOPULATION

2005 2010 2015 2020 2025

PO

PU

LA

TIO

N

Technical Approach

Identification of Resource Options• Conventional Water System Infrastructure• Alternative Water Resource Measures

– Desalination– Reclaimed Water

• Demand-side Measures– Conservation Programs – Affects Energy Usage– Xeriscape/Landscape management– Reduced Development Density - occurring– Water Availability Ceilings

Challenges

Limited Information

• Based on the best available data• Source information from WRPP not

available early in the process & WQP not yet updated

• Agricultural Water Use - AWUDP projections not available – not island-wide

• Requires reasonable judgment & assumptions

Challenges

Opportunity to Focus Future Efforts• Identification of Data Needs

– Updated Source Capabilities– Agricultural Water Requirements

• Identify areas requiring critical water resource management – current & future– Prioritize study and assessment efforts – Continue to monitor “non-problem” areas

• Linking of Land Planning Policies with infrastructure & resource availability

Footnotes

• Full Build-out conditions (General Plan & Zoning) represent “worst case scenarios” for the study areas– Used for “order of magnitude”-type assessment of the

region– Helpful in prioritizing focus of efforts

• Total Demand includes both potable & non-potable uses– More evaluation of non-potable use, i.e. Agricultural use

of water is required• Focus on existing conditions & projected demands

to prioritize efforts

Summary – Island of HawaiiSustainable Yield – Existing & Potential Demand

Code Aquifer SectorSustainabl

e Yield

Existing Use

Potable Total

Projected Use 2025

Potable Total

Zoning full-buildout

Potable Total

LUPAG full-buildout

Potable Total

801 Kohala 140 2.4 6.5 4.6 12.5 10 177 54 224

802 East Mauna Kea 388 1.7 12.1 2.2 15.3 7 378 25 406

803 West Mauna Kea 24 7.1 11.5 12.8 20.8 12 151 72 219

804 North East Mauna Loa 744 6.3 53.1 7.5 63.2 14 107 138 240

805 South East Mauna Loa 293 0.8 4.7 1.2 7.3 3 148 16 162

806 South West Mauna Loa 114 1.4 5.2 2.2 7.8 2 123 20 145

807 North West Mauna Loa 30 1.8 7.8 3.2 14.0 8 19 99 150

808 Kilauea 621 3.4 5.6 6.3 10.5 4 94 48 139

809 Hualalai 56 11.8 16.2 18.3 25.1 22 115 236 368

Total Island of Hawaii 2410 36.7122.

758.3

176.5

82 1312 708205

3

CWRM Aquifer Sectors & Systems

803 – W MAUNA KEA

807 – NW MAUNA LOA

809 – HUALALAI

Summary – Island of HawaiiSustainable Yield – Initial and Revised Potential Demand

Code Aquifer Sector AreaSustainabl

e Yield

Zoning full build-out LUPAG full build-out

Initial Revised Initial Revised

w/ agw/o ag

w/ ag w/ agw/o ag

w/ ag

801 Kohala 140 177 9 174 224 40 208

802 East Mauna Kea 388 378 8 378 406 25 405

803 West Mauna Kea 24 151 14 151 219 52 187

804 North East Mauna Loa 744 107 26 107 240 119 203

805 South East Mauna Loa 293 148 4 148 162 14 159

806 South West Mauna Loa 114 123 1 123 145 18 143

807 North West Mauna Loa 30 19 11 18 150 82 89

808 Kilauea 621 94 5 95 139 36 127

809 Hualalai 56 115 43 115 368 207 282

Total Island of Hawaii 2410 1312 120 1309 2053 593 1802

EXISTING WATER USE PROFILESECTOR AREA 801 – KOHALA

(MAHUKONA, HAWI, WAIMANU)

Domestic4.9%

Industrial0.0%

Irrigation0.0%

Irrigation (Recl'd WW)0.0%

Agriculture0.0%

Military0.0%

Municipal(Non-DWS)

29.3%

Municipal(DWS)65.8%

801

0

50

100

150

200

250

2005 2010 2015 2020 2025

MG

D

Sustainable Yield

LUPAG Demand

Zoning Demand

Potable Demand

Non-Potable Demand

Total Demand

PROJECTED TOTAL DEMANDSSECTOR AREA 801 – KOHALA

(MAHUKONA, HAWI, WAIMANU)

SY = 154 MGD

ZONING = 174 MGD

LUPAG = 208 MGD

PROJECTED DEMANDEXISTING USE

801

0

50

100

150

200

250

2005 2010 2015 2020 2025

MG

D

Sustainable Yield

LUPAG Demand

Zoning Demand

Potable Demand

Non-Potable Demand

Total Demand

PROJECTED DEMANDS EXCLUDING AG DEMANDS

SECTOR AREA 801 – KOHALA (MAHUKONA, HAWI, WAIMANU)

SY = 154 MGD

LUPAG = 40 MGD

ZONING = 9 MGD PROJECTED DEMAND

EXISTING USE

801

EXISTING WATER USE PROFILESECTOR AREA 802 – EAST MAUNA KEA

(HONOKAA, PAAUILO, HAKALAU, ONOMEA)

Domestic10.3%

Industrial31.7%

Irrigation1.1%

Irrigation (Recl'd WW)0.0%

Agriculture0.0%

Military0.0%

Municipal(Non-DWS)

0.0%

Municipal(DWS)57.0%

802

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

2005 2010 2015 2020 2025

MG

D

Sustainable Yield

LUPAG Demand

Zoning Demand

Potable Demand

Non-Potable Demand

Total Demand

PROJECTED TOTAL DEMANDSSECTOR AREA 802 – EAST MAUNA KEA

(HONOKAA, PAAUILO, HAKALAU, ONOMEA)

SY = 388 MGD

ZONING = 378 MGD

LUPAG = 405 MGD

PROJECTED DEMANDEXISTING USE

802

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

2005 2010 2015 2020 2025

MG

D

Sustainable Yield

LUPAG Demand

Zoning Demand

Potable Demand

Non-Potable Demand

Total Demand

SY = 388 MGD

EXISTING USE

PROJECTED DEMANDS EXCLUDING AG DEMANDS

SECTOR AREA 802 – EAST MAUNA KEA (HONOKAA, PAAUILO, HAKALAU, ONOMEA)

LUPAG = 25 MGDZONING = 8 MGDPROJECTED DEMAND

802

EXISTING WATER USE PROFILESECTOR AREA 803 – WEST MAUNA KEA

(WAIMEA)

Domestic 0.2%

Industrial 0.0%

Irrigation 8.5%

Irrigation (Recl'd WW) 4.1%

Agriculture 0.0%

Military 0.0%

Municipal(Non-DWS) 59.1%

Municipal(DWS) 28.2%

803

PROJECTED TOTAL DEMANDSSECTOR AREA 803 – WEST MAUNA KEA

(WAIMEA)

0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

200

2005 2010 2015 2020 2025

MG

D

Sustainable Yield

LUPAG Demand

Zoning Demand

Potable Demand

Non-Potable Demand

Total Demand

SY = 24 MGD

ZONING = 151 MGD

LUPAG = 187 MGD

EXISTING USE

PROJECTED DEMAND

803

0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

200

2005 2010 2015 2020 2025

MG

D

Sustainable Yield

LUPAG Demand

Zoning Demand

Potable Demand

Non-Potable Demand

Total Demand

SY = 24 MGD

EXISTING USE PROJECTED DEMAND

PROJECTED DEMANDS EXCLUDING AG DEMANDS

SECTOR AREA 803 – WEST MAUNA KEA (WAIMEA)

LUPAG = 52 MGD

ZONING = 14 MGD

803

General Recommendations

• Promote water conservation• Use Highest Quality Water for Highest Uses• Plan for use of Non-potable Sources & Reclaimed

Water for landscape irrigation & agriculture • More monitoring & studies to determine “safe”

sustainable yields for groundwater• Anticipate “status quo” use of stream diversions

until determination of instream flow standards

Recommendations

Sector 803 – West Mauna Kea

• Develop basal groundwater for potable water sources with caution, considering the thin basal lens

• Investigate alternative sources of potable water, including transfer of water from the Kohala Aquifer Sector Area, surface water sources, desalination of brackish basal water

• Implement demand side conservation measures• Investigate the feasibility of non-potable water

systems (reclaimed water) in areas with concentrated development, such as the resort complexes

Implementation Plan• DWS 20-year Water Master Plan

(completed)– Implementation strategy for DWS systems– Development of 20-year CIP

• Integration with Department of Planning Policies– Community Development Plans

• Pursue Regional Assessment of Available Water Resources (West Hawaii)– Hualalai– West Mauna Kea– Northwest Mauna Loa

CWRM Aquifer Sectors & Systems

-30+4-38

-34

NEW

USGS STUDY

RECHARGE DIFFERENCE RELATIVE TO WRPP

% CHANGES

+84

+77

+207

+108

+140

+264

+36

-8

+60

+2

+3

+24

+7

-22-22

+73

+183 +4

9

+78

+166

Final WUDP Update Report is available on the DWS website:

www.hawaiidws.orgAbout the Water

Water Use and Development Plan Update

Questions?

email: lbeck@hawaiidws.org

or Mailing Address:Mr. Lawrence Beck, PE

County of Hawaii Department of Water Supply

345 Kekuanaoa StreetHilo, Hawaii 96720