course 3_termino_term_terminology vs lexicography.ppt

8/14/2019 COURSE 3_Termino_term_terminology vs lexicography.ppt

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COURSE 5

Lexicology and terminology,

terminography and lexicography


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TERMINOLOGY AND LEXICOLOGY

What do they have in common?

Deal with words (terms?)

Are concerned with records (such as dictionaries)

Have a

Theoretical side Applied side


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Linguistic features:

Same graphic system / alphabet

Same phonological system

Same morphological system

Same syntactic rules Same sentence types

Basicallywhat is different is frequency


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The domain:

Lexicology = all the words in a language

Terminology = words belonging to a a specific

field (physics, genetics etc.) or a specific activity(business, sports etc.)

lexicology

terminology /

terminologies


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General language lexical items (all parts of speech

represented): one, and, where, got, she, eat,

magpieetc.

Specific lexical items belonging to a common areabetween general language and special language:

idea, word, sentence, acid, line, bone, organism,

systemetc. - not specialized enough to be terms

Lexical items specific to specialized texts: adenosinetriphosphate, recrystallization, synecdoche,

dezoxyribonucleic acidetc.


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The basic unit:

Lexicology = words

Terminology = terms => a word of a special domain = term

NO SPECIFICITY HERE!BUT

Similar: same formation processes

ex. derivation Greek prefix - thermometer

Different: frequency

look up for words in generalvocabulary with the Greek prefixthermo-


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TERMINOLOGY AND

LEXICOLOGYThe designat ion(in terminology) acts as a synthes is of

the defini t ion.A designation is a representation of a

concept by linguistic or non-linguistic means. For the

purposes of this standard, designations are categorized as:

terms designating general concepts;appellations designating individual concepts;

symbols designating both individual and general

concepts.

It should be noted that not all symbols are designations.(ISO FDIS 704)


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Exercise

Read the following text, then answer the questions ondifferentiating between words and terms.

A stout branched glabrousherb that is native to Eastern Asiaand sometimescultivated for its rhizomeswhich are usedas acarminative, its stalk is used as a substitutefor onions.

Question 1: Is glabrousa word or a term?

Question 2: Is somet imesa word or a term?

Question 3: Is rh izomesa word or a term?

Question 4: Is useda word or a term? Question 5: Is carminat ivea word or a term?

Question 6: Is subst i tu tea word or a term?


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What is different?

The domain

The basic unit

The purpose

The methodology


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Pragmatic aspects: users General languageall speakers

Specialized (sub)languages: specialists

Pragmatic aspects: situation

General languageall situationsoften to socialize, not totransmit information

Specialized (sub)languages: to transmit (specialized)information (ex. seminars, conferences, labs etc.)

Pragmatic aspects: topics

General language: any topic in daily life (express feelings,give orders etc.)

Specialized (sub)languages: to transmit (specialized)information


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The objectives

Lexicology:

the speakers lexical competence

Identify lexical units

Terminology: !does not attempt to explain the

terminological behaviour of experts! (ap. Cabre,

1999:36)

Standardize form and content


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Sources:

Lexicography:

samples of the speakers discourse (oral, written)

Terminology:

Only specialized documents (oral, but mainly

written)


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Methodology:

lexicography:

Works from theoretical hypotheses

Analyses samples of the speakers discourse

terminology:

Looks for terms to fill in a previously established

conceptual schema


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semasiogical process

lexicography

word

concept

term

terminology

onomasiological process


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Points of

comparisonMethodology:

lexicography:

terminology:

Terminology

Looks for terms to fill in apreviously established

conceptual schema

Lexicography

Analyses samples of thespeakers discourse

nature Lexical discipline Lexical discipline

material vocabulary lexicon

Objective To encode To decode

nomenclature Specific Global/general

Units identified Terms (simple, complex,

phrases)

Single words, highly

lexicalized

Features analyzed Semantic features revealed in

context

All semantic features

(homonymy, synonymyetc.)

Definition A single concepts All meanings

Key information

medium

Terminology record Dictionary entry

End product Terminology file Dictionary


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Can you separate the underlined

words into their word elements

and define each element? First

think about how you would

separate each word and give the

meaning of each wordelement. Word

element

Meaning

hematologic

venicupuncture

leukocytes

thrombocytes


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Word element Meaning

hematologic Hemato-

Logic

Blood

Related to the study of

venicupuncture veni-puncture

Veinpuncture

leukocytes Leuk(o)-

cytes

White

cell

thrombocytes Thromb(o)-

cytes

Clot

cell


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Consider the following text:A battery, which is actually an electric cell, is a device that produces electricity

from a chemical reaction. Strictly speaking, a battery consists of two or more

cells connected in series or parallel, but the term is generally used for a single

cell. A cell consists of a negative electrode; an electrolyte, which conducts ions;a separator, also an ion conductor; and a positive electrode. The electrolyte

may be aqueous (composed of water) or nonaqueous (not composed of water),

in liquid, paste, or solid form. When the cell is connected to an external load, or

device to be powered, the negative electrode supplies a current of electrons

that flow through the load and are accepted by the positive electrode. When theexternal load is removed the reaction ceases. A primary battery is one that can

convert its chemicals into electricity only once and then must be discarded. A

secondary battery has electrodes that can be reconstituted by passing

electricity back through it; also called a storage or rechargeable battery, it can

be reused many times.


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Explain what kind of term is each / how it is

formed in the following set:

Battery; b. primary battery; c. rechargeable;

d. Liquid; e. when

What other terms can you identify? What are

the term formation processes?

Consider one (sub)field of an area ofknowledge you are interested in and list at

least one term example for each of the term

formation processes discussed.

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