cppappd2010 using solution folders

8/8/2019 CppAppD2010 Using Solution Folders

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Appendix D 5/25/2010An Introduction to Programming with C++, Sixth Edition (0538466529)

This appendix contains the instructions for using Microsoft Visual C++ 2010, which is a full-featured

Integrated Development Environment (IDE) for the C++ language. Visual C++ 2010 is available as a

stand-alone product, called Visual C++ 2010 Express Edition, or as part of Visual Studio 2010. At the

time of this writing, you can download a free copy of Visual C++ 2010 Express Edition at

www.microsoft.com/express/Downloads/#2010-Visual-CPP.

To start Visual Studio 2010 or Visual C++ Express Edition:

1. Click the Start button on the Windows 7 taskbar and then point toAll Programs.

2. If you are using Visual Studio 2010, clickMicrosoft Visual Studio 2010 on the All Programs

menu and then clickMicrosoft Visual Studio 2010. If the Choose Default Environment Settings

dialog box appears, clickVisual C++ Development Settings and then clickStart Visual

Studio.

If you are using Visual C++ 2010 Express Edition, clickMicrosoft Visual Studio 2010 Express

on the All Programs menu and then clickMicrosoft Visual C++ 2010 Express.

3. A copyright screen appears momentarily, and then either the Microsoft Visual Studio window or the

Microsoft Visual C++ 2010 Express window opens. ClickWindowon the menu bar, then click

Reset Window Layout, and then click theYes button.

4. If necessary, select the Close page after project load and Show page on startup check boxes

on the Start Page. When you start the Professional Edition of Visual Studio 2010, your screen will

appear similar to Figure D-1. (If you are using a different edition of Visual Studio 2010, your startup


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screen might look slightly different than the one shown in Figure D-1.) When you start the Express

Edition of Visual C++ 2010, on the other hand, your screen will appear similar to Figure D-2.

Important note: To select a different window layout, click Tools on the menu bar, click Import and

Export Settings, select the Reset all settings radio button and then click the Next button. Select the

appropriate radio button in the Save Current Settings pane, click the Next button, click the preferred

collection of settings (such as Visual C++ Development Settings), and then click the Finish button.

Click the Close button.

Figure D-1 Microsoft Visual Studio 2010 Professional startup screen

be sure thesecheck boxesare selected

Auto Hide button

Toolboxwindow


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Figure D-2 Microsoft Visual C++ 2010 Express startup screen

Setting the Appropriate Options

Next, you will set some options so that your screen agrees with the figures and instructions in this

appendix.

To set the appropriate options:

1. If you are using Visual C++ 2010 Express Edition, clickTools on the menu bar, point to Settings,

and then clickExpert Settings (if necessary) to select it.

2. ClickTools on the menu bar and then clickOptions to open the Options dialog box.

3. Click the Projects and Solutions node. Use the information shown in Figure D-3 to select and

deselect the appropriate check boxes. (Your dialog box will look slightly different if you are using the

Express Edition.) When you are finished, click the OKbutton to close the Options dialog box.

be sure thesecheck boxes areselected

Auto Hide button

Toolboxwindow


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Figure D-3 Completed Options dialog box

Managing the Windows in the IDE

Usually, you will find it easier to work in the IDE if you either close or auto-hide the windows you are not

currently using. The easiest way to close an open window is to click the Closebutton on the windows

title bar. In most cases, the View menu provides an appropriate option for opening a closed window.

Rather than closing a window, you also can auto-hide it. You auto-hide a window using the Auto Hide

button (shown earlier in Figures D1 and D2) on the windows title bar. The Auto Hide button is a toggle

button: clicking it once activates it, and clicking it again deactivates it. The Toolbox windows in Figures

D1 and D2 are auto-hidden. In the next set of steps, you will close the windows that you will not need.

You also will practice auto-hiding and displaying the Solution Explorer window.

To manage the windows in the IDE:

1. Place your mouse pointer on the Toolbox tab. When the Toolbox window slides into view, click the

Close button on its title bar.

2. If the Document Outline tab appears in the IDE, place your mouse pointer on the tab and then click

the Closebutton on the windows title bar.

3. If the Server Explorer tab appears in the IDE, place your mouse pointer on the tab and then click the

Closebutton on the windows title bar.

select these fivecheck boxes anddeselect theothers


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4. If necessary, close the following windows by clicking their tabs and then clicking the Close button

on their title bars: Class View, Property Manager, Team Explorer, Code Definition, Output, and

Database Explorer.

5. If the Solution Explorer window is not open in the IDE, clickViewon the menu bar and then click

Solution Explorer.

6. Click theAuto Hide(vertical pushpin) button on the Solution Explorer windows title bar to auto-

hide the window.

7. Place your mouse pointer on the Solution Explorer tab and then click theAuto Hide (horizontal

pushpin) button on the windows title bar to permanently display the window.

Creating a Console Application

Applications created in either Visual Studio 2010 or Visual C++ 2010 Express are composed of solutions,

projects, and files. A solution is a container that stores the projects and files for an entire application. A

project also is a container, but it stores files associated with that particular project. Although the idea of

solutions, projects, and files may sound confusing, the concept of placing things in containers is nothing

new to you. Think of a solution as being similar to a drawer in a filing cabinet. A project then is similar to

a file folder that you store in the drawer, and a file is similar to a document that you store in the file

folder. You can place many file folders in a filing cabinet drawer, just as you can place many projects in a

solution. You also can store many documents in a file folder, similar to the way you can store many files

in a project. Figure D-4 illustrates this analogy.

Figure D-4 Illustration of a solution, project, and file


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Although you can create many different types of C++ applications, the applications you will create in this

book are C++ console applications. A console application is a program that runs in a Command Prompt

window.

To create a C++ console application:

1. ClickFile on the menu bar, point to New, and then clickProject. The New Project dialog box

opens.

2. If necessary, clickVisual C++ in the list of Installed Templates, and then (if necessary) clickWin32

Console Application in the middle column of the dialog box.

3. If necessary, select the Create directory for solution check box.

4. Change the name in the Name box to MyFirst Project. Change the name in the Solution name box

to MyFirst Solution. Click the Browse button, which appears next to the Location box, to openthe Project Location dialog box. Locate and then click the Cpp6 folder, and then click the Select

Folder button. See Figures D-5 and D-6.

Figure D-5 Completed New Project dialog box in Visual Studio 2010

your drive lettermight be different


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Figure D-6 Completed New Project dialog box in Visual C++ 2010 Express

5. Click the OKbutton to close the New Project dialog box. The Win32 Application Wizard dialog box

appears and displays the Welcome to the Win32 Application Wizard pane. Click the Next button to

display the Application Settings pane. Verify that the Console application radio button is selected.

Select the Empty project check box. See Figure D-7.

Figure D-7 Completed Win32 Application Wizard dialog box

your drive lettermight be different

this radio buttonshould be selected

select this check box


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6. Click the Finish button. The computer creates a solution and adds a Visual C++ project to the

solution. It also records the names of the solution and project, as well as other information pertaining

to the project, in the Solution Explorer window. See Figure D-8.

Figure D-8 Solution and project names shown in the Solution Explorer window

Adding a New Source File to an Open Project

To add a new source file to an open project:

1. Right-click the Source Files folder in the Solution Explorer window. Point toAdd and then click

New Item to open the Add New Item dialog box. ClickC++ File (.cpp) in the middle column of the

dialog box. Change the name entered in the Name box to MyFirstSourceFile. Figure D-9 shows

the completed dialog box in Visual Studio 2010. Your dialog box will look slightly different if you are

using the Express Edition.


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Figure D-9 Completed Add New Item dialog box in Visual Studio 2010

2. Click theAdd button to close the Add New Item dialog box. The computer adds an empty C++

source file to the project. It also records the files name (MyFirstSourceFile.cpp) in the Solution

Explorer window. See Figure D-10.

Figure D-10 Source file added to the project

select thistemplate

source filename

source filename

insertion point

you can use this list boxto increase/decrease thesize of the font used in thesource files window


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Adding an Existing Source File to a Project

Althoughyou dont need to add an existing source file to the current project, the following steps show

you how to accomplish that task.

To add an existing source file to an open project:

1. Right-click the Source Files folder in the Solution Explorer window. Point toAdd and then click

Existing Item to open the Add Existing Item dialog box.

2. Locate and then click the name of the fileyou want to add to the project, and then click theAdd

button.

Entering C++ Program Instructions

In the next set of steps, you will enter some C++ program instructions in the source files editor window.

Do not be concerned if you do not understand the instructions. The instructions are explained in Chapter

4.

To enter C++ program instructions in the source files editor window:

1. Auto-hide the Solution Explorer window. Doing this allows you to view more of the source files

editor window.

2. Enter the C++ program instructions shown in Figure D-11 in the MyFirstSourceFile.cpp window. Be

sure to use the exact capitalization and punctuation shown in the figure. The asterisk on the

MyFirstSourceFile.cpp tab indicates that the changes made to the file have not been saved.


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Figure D-11 C++ instructions entered in the editor window

3. Save the program. You can do so by clicking File on the menu bar and then clicking Save All. Or,

you can click the Save All button on the standard toolbar.

Important note: If you prefer to use the buttons on the standard toolbar, its best to use the Save All

button and not the Save button. This is because the Save button saves only the changes made to the item

selected in the Solution Explorer window. For example, when the source filename is selected, the Save

button saves only the changes made to the source file. Similarly, when the project name is selected, only

changes made to the files included in the project are saved. The tooltip box that appears when you rest

your mouse pointer on the Save button indicates the files that will be saved. In this case, the tooltip box

will say Save MyFirstSourceFile.cpp when the source files name is selected in the Solution Explorerwindow, Save MyFirst Project when the projects name is selected, and Save MyFirst Solution.sln

when the solutions name is selected.

asterisk


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Running a C++ Program

Before you run a C++ program, you need to save it and then build it. Building a C++ program involves

compiling the source code into object code and then invoking the linker program to link the object code

to other machine code necessary for the program to run. (You will learn about the compiler and linker

programs in Chapter 4.)

To run a C++ program:

1. Save the program (if necessary).

2. ClickBuild on the menu bar and then clickBuild Solution. (If you are using Visual C++ 2010

Express Edition and do not have the Build menu, click Tools on the menu bar, point to Settings, and

then click Expert Settings.) The compiler translates the source code into object code, and the linker

links the object code with other machine code. If your program does not contain any errors, theBuild succeeded message appears in the lower-left corner of the Output window. In addition, the

Output window displays the message Build: 1 succeeded, 0 failed, 0 up-to-date, 0 skipped. See

Figure D-12. The messages indicate that the program was built (compiled and linked) successfully.

Important note: If the compiler found errors in your program, carefully compare your code with

the code shown in Figure D-11. Make any needed corrections and then repeat Steps 1 and 2.

Figure D-12 Status messages shown in the Output window

3. ClickDebug on the menu bar and then clickStart Without Debugging. The programs output

appears in a Command Prompt window, as shown in Figure D-13.


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Figure D-13 Program output appears in a Command Prompt window

Important note: Be sure to use the Start Without Debugging option rather than the Start

Debugging option. If you use the Start Debugging option, the editor will not automatically display the

Press any key to continue message in the Command Prompt window. Instead, the window will close

immediately after the program output is displayed. If you want to use the Start Debugging option,

you will need to enter the system(pause); statement above the return 0; statement in the program.

4. You can change the color of the Command Prompt windowsbackground and text to make the

display clearer. Right-click the Command Prompt windows title bar and then click

Properties. Click the Colors tab. Select the Screen Text radio button and then click theblack

square. Click the Screen Background radio button and then click either the light gray square

or thewhite square.

5. You also can change the font used to display the text in the Command Prompt window. Click the

Font tab. ClickLucida Console in the list of fonts and then select the Boldfonts check box. Click

20 in the Size list box and then click the OKbutton. See Figure D-14.

Figure D-14 Result of changing some of the Command Prompt windows properties

6. Press Enter (or any key) to close the Command Prompt window.

7. Close the Output window by clicking the Close button on its title bar.


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Displaying Line Numbers in the Editor Window

At times, its helpful to display lines numbers in the editor window.

To display lines numbers in the editor window:

1. ClickTools on the menu bar and then clickOptions to open the Options dialog box.

2. Expand the Text Editor node (if necessary) and then clickC/C++. Select the Line numbers check

box. See Figure D-15.

Figure D-15 Options dialog box

3. Click the OKbutton to close the Options dialog box. See Figure D-16.

Figure D-16 Line numbers in the editor window

select this check box


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Debugging a C++ Program

As you will learn in Chapter 4, the errors in a program are called bugs, and the process of locating and

correcting a programs bugs is called debugging. Many program bugs are caused by syntax errors. A

syntax error occurs when you break one of the programming languages rules, such as typing cut rather

than cout. In the next set of steps, you will introduce two syntax errors into the current program. You

then will learn how to locate and correct the errors.

To introduce two syntax errors in the current program and then debug the program:

1. Change cout in Line 8 to cut. Also delete the semicolon that appears at the end of Line 9. See Figure

D-17.

Figure D-17 Two errors in the MyFirstSourceFile.cpp program

2. Save the program. ClickBuild on the menu bar and then clickBuild Solution. The Error List

window indicates that the program contains 4 errors. Double-clickthe first error message in the

Error List window. See Figure D-18.

second error

first error


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Figure D-18 Errors listed in the Error List window

3. The editor displays an arrow at the location where the error was encountered in the program. In this

case, the arrow is pointing to the statement on Line 8. The error message indicates that the word

cut is undeclared. This simply means that the compiler does not recognize the word. Change cut in

Line 8 to cout.

4. Save and then build the program. The Error List window indicates that the program now contains 2

errors. Double-clickthe first error message in the Error List window. See Figure D-19.

arrow

ErrorListwindow


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Figure D-19 Remaining errors listed in the Error List window

5. The error message indicates that a semicolon is missingbefore the word return.Although the error

message and arrow refer to Line 10, its the instruction in Line 9 that caused the error. Recall that you

deleted the semicolon at the end of that line. Type ; (a semicolon) at the end of Line 9.

6. Save and then build the program. The Output window indicates that the build was successful.

7. Finally, clickDebug on the menu bar and then clickStart Without Debugging to run the

program. Press any keyto close the Command Prompt window.

8. Close the Output and Error List windows.

Printing a C++ Program

To print a programs instructions:

1. ClickFile on the menu bar and then clickPrint to open the Print dialog box. If the Include line

numbers check box is selected, line numbers will be printed even if they do not appear in the editorwindow. If the Include line numbers check box is not selected, no line numbers will appear on the

printout, even though they may appear in the editor window.

2. Select the Include line numbers checkbox. If your computer is connected to a printer, click the

OKbutton to begin printing; otherwise, click the Cancel button.


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Closing the Current Solution

You close a solution using the Close Solution option on the File menu. Be sure to use the Close Solution

option and not the Close option. The Close option on the File menu does not close the solution; instead,

it closes only the editor window.

To close the current solution:

1. ClickFile on the menu bar and then clickClose Solution.

2. Temporarily display the Solution Explorer window to verify that the entire solution is closed.

Opening an Existing Solution

You can use the File menu to open an existing solution. If a solution is already open in the IDE, it isclosed before another solution is opened.

To open the MyFirstProject solution:

1. Display the Solution Explorer window. ClickFile on the menu bar, point to Open, and then click

Project/Solution to open the Open Project dialog box.

2. Locate and then open the Cpp6\MyFirst Solution folder. ClickMyFirstSolution.sln in the list of

filenames and then click the Open button. If necessary, double-click the name of the .cpp file in

the Solution Explorer window to open the file in the editor.

You have completed Appendix D.

cppappd2010 using solution folders

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