creating symbols for multiple use -...
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Creating Symbols/Blocks 1
Creating Symbols For Multiple Use
Engineering Design TechnologySacramento City College
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2 Creating Symbols/Blocks
ObjectivesCreate and save blocks Insert blocks in drawingsEdit a block and update it in a drawing. Insert drawings and blocks into drawings.Create blocks that are saved independent of
the drawing.Construct and use a symbol library of blocks.
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Creating Symbols/Blocks 3
Symbols or “BLOCKS”
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4 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Constructing BlocksA block can be anyShape.Symbol.View.DrawingTextGroup of lines.
that you use more than once.
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5 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Constructing BlocksExamples of blocksChairDeskPlumbing FixturePiping Symbol.Etc.
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6 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Constructing BlocksWhen preparing drawingsLOOK for items that should be a block
Review the drawing.Look for any shapes, components, notes, and
assemblies that are used more than once.
These can be drawn once and then saved as blocks and re-used over and over again.Saves time.Saves $$$ for your company.
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7 Creating Symbols/Blocks
SymbolsAutoCAD has two commands for blocks.BlockWBlock
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8 Creating Symbols/Blocks
SymbolsBLOCK –Creates a block that is stored within the
CURRENT drawing ONLY.
Re-use block over and over in THAT drawing.LOCAL access only.
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9 Creating Symbols/Blocks
SymbolsWBLOCK –Creates a block that is saved as a separate
drawing file on your diskette, flash or hard drive
Can be used in any drawing.Put Blocks in Library on file server.Can be used by the entire company.GLOBAL access
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10 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Creating Symbols as BlocksBoth types of blocks can be scaled and rotated
to meet the drawing requirements.
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11 Creating Symbols/Blocks
SymbolsBoth types of blocks can be used to create a
symbol library.
A symbol library is a related group of symbols.PipeFurnitureMechanical symbols
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Creating Symbols/Blocks 12
Creating a Block
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13 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Creating a BlockProcedure to create a block.1. Select the drawing components that should
be part of the block.
2. Name the block.
3. Indicate the block “handle” or Insertion Point.
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Creating Symbols/Blocks 14
The Effect of Layers On Blocks
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15 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Drawing the Block ComponentsTwo Methods1. Draw blocks on Layer 02. Draw blocks with components on other
layers.
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16 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Drawing the Block ComponentsMethod 1 – Created on Layer 0The block will have the same color, linetype
and lineweight as the layer on which it is inserted.
The block will become “part of the family” where it is inserted.
Always create blocks on layer 0.
Usually the preferred method!
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17 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Drawing the Block ComponentsExample 1: If a block is Created on Layer “0” and the INSERT’ed on a layer with these attributes:
RED colorHIDDEN linetype
The block will appear RED and HIDDEN.
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18 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Drawing the Block ComponentsExample 2: If a block is Created on Layer “0” and the INSERT’ed on a layer with these attributes:
GREEN colorCENTER linetype
The block will appear GREEN and CENTER.
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19 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Drawing the Block ComponentsExample 3The block components will always have specific
color, linetype or lineweight regardless of which layer it is inserted on
OVERRIDE the ColorLinetype
Of the block entities BEFORE creating the block.
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20 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Layers and BlocksBlocks when created retain the properties of the layers on which they
were created.Retain the layers on which they were created.
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21 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Layers and BlocksByLayer is the default creation mode.When set to “ByLayer”, the block will take on
the properties of the layer it is inserted.
Block color and linetype are determined by the layer on which they were created.
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22 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Layers and Blocks If a block named circle was created with Red color.Dashed linetype.
When inserted or used on the drawing, it remains red and dashed, no matter what layer it is inserted on.
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23 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Layers and BlocksA block defined in ByLayer mode retains its
properties, including layer.
If the layers do not exist in the drawing where the block is being inserted, AutoCAD creates these layers.
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24 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Layers and BlocksA block must be created on layer 0 to assume
the properties of the layer it is inserted on.
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25 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Layers and Blocks If a block is created on layer 0, and inserted on
layer 1, it becomes part of Layer 1 and assumes Layer 1 properties.
If the block is exploded, the objects return back to layer 0 and to the original color and linetype of Layer 0.
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26 Creating Symbols/Blocks
ByLayer vs ByBlock If the current linetype is set to BYLAYER,The block is created with the current linetype
assigned to that layer.
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27 Creating Symbols/Blocks
ByLayer vs ByBlock If the current linetype is set to BYBLOCK, The block will assume the current color and
linetype when it is inserted into a drawing.
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28 Creating Symbols/Blocks
ByLayer vs ByBlock If the current linetype is set to BYBLOCK, Objects are created using the CONTINOUS
linetype until the objects are grouped into a block.
When the block is inserted into the drawing, those objects acquire the current linetype setting.
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29 Creating Symbols/Blocks
ByLayer vs ByBlock If the current color is set to BYLAYER,Objects are created with the color assigned to
the current layer.
If the current color is set to BYBLOCKObjects are created using color 7 (white or
black) until the objects are grouped into a block.
When the block is inserted into the drawing, it acquires the current color setting.
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Creating Symbols/Blocks 30
Changing Block Properties
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31 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Changing Block PropertiesUse the Properties window to change the
properties of a block.
To open the Properties windowRight-click, choose Properties
OrDouble-click entity.
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32 Creating Symbols/Blocks
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Creating Symbols/Blocks 33
Forcing Color/Linetypes for Blocks
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34 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Drawing the Block ComponentsOccasionally you will need to create a block
with Specific colors.Specific linetypes.
A BLOCK can be created with specific colors and linetypes regardless of the layer it is to be used on.
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35 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Drawing the Block ComponentsA user can override the colorlinetype settings
before drawing the objectsUse OBJECT PROPERTIES drop-down box.
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36 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Drawing the Block ComponentsTo allow the block to assume the current color
and linetype when the block is inserted into a drawing, set the current object color and linetype to ByBlock.
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37 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Drawing the Block ComponentsTo set the color to ByBlock, Pick ByBlock in the Color Control drop-down
list of the Object Properties toolbar.OR
Pick Color... from the Format pull-down menuto access the Select Color dialog box. OR
Pick the ByBlock button in the Logical Colors area.
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38 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Drawing the Block ComponentsTo set the linetype to ByBlock, Pick ByBlock in the Linetype Control drop-down
list of the Object Properties toolbar.OR
Pick Linetype... from the Format pull-down menu to display the Linetype Manager dialog box. OR
Pick ByBIock in the Linetype list and then pick the Current button.
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39 Creating Symbols/Blocks
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40 Creating Symbols/Blocks
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41 Creating Symbols/Blocks
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42 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Drawing the Block ComponentsA block created with ByBlock settings assumes
the current color and linetype when it is inserted into a drawing, regardless of the current layer setting.
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Creating Symbols/Blocks 43
Creating Blocks
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44 Creating Symbols/Blocks
To Create A BlockTo create a BLOCK:Pick the Make Block button in the Draw toolbar
ORPick Make... from the Block cascading menu in
the Draw pull-down menuOR
Enter B, BLOCK, or BMAKE at the Command: prompt.
Any one of these methods displays the Block Definition dialog box.
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45 Creating Symbols/Blocks
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46 Creating Symbols/Blocks
To Create A Block1. In the Name: text box, enter a name for the
block, such as BORDER. The name cannot exceed 255 characters.It can include numbers, letters, and spaces, as
well as the dollar sign ($), hyphen (-), and underscore (-).
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47 Creating Symbols/Blocks
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48 Creating Symbols/Blocks
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49 Creating Symbols/Blocks
To Create A Block2. In the Objects area, pick the Select objects
buttonUse your pointing device to select objects for
the block definition.
Select all the objects that will make up the block. Press [Enter] when you are done.
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50 Creating Symbols/Blocks
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51 Creating Symbols/Blocks
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52 Creating Symbols/Blocks
To Create A BlockThe Block Definition dialog box reopens,The number of objects selected is shown in the
Objects area.
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53 Creating Symbols/Blocks
To Create A Block3. In the Objects area specifyRetainConvertDelete
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54 Creating Symbols/Blocks
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55 Creating Symbols/Blocks
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56 Creating Symbols/Blocks
To Create A BlockRetainKeep the selected objects in the current
drawing (in their original state).Makes a copy of the objects glued together as
a BLOCK in Memory.
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57 Creating Symbols/Blocks
To Create A BlockConvert to Block (default)Replaces the selected objects with one of the
blocks you are creating.Makes a copy of the objects glued together as
a BLOCK in Memory.
DeleteRemove the selected objects after the block is
defined.Makes a copy of the objects glued together as
a BLOCK in Memory.
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58 Creating Symbols/Blocks
To Create A BlockAll threeCause a BLOCK to be created in memory.
The only difference iswhat happens to the ORIGINAL objects.
They areRetainedConvertedDeleted
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59 Creating Symbols/Blocks
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60 Creating Symbols/Blocks
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61 Creating Symbols/Blocks
To Create A Block4. In the Base point area:Enter the coordinates for the insertion base
point OR
Pick the Pick point button to use your pointing device to select an insertion point.
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62 Creating Symbols/Blocks
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63 Creating Symbols/Blocks
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64 Creating Symbols/Blocks
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65 Creating Symbols/Blocks
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66 Creating Symbols/Blocks
To Create A Block5. In the Description: text boxEnter a textual description to help identify the
block for easy reference, such as “Vacuum pump symbol”.
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67 Creating Symbols/Blocks
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68 Creating Symbols/Blocks
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69 Creating Symbols/Blocks
To Create A Block6. In the Preview icon areaSpecify whether to create an icon from the
BLOCK definition. The icon is used to provide a preview image
when using the AutoCAD DesignCenter. You can have an icon for every block if you
wish.
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70 Creating Symbols/Blocks
To Create A Block6. In the Preview icon areaTo omit an icon from the block definition, pick
the Do not include an icon radio button. To save an icon with the block definition, pick
the Create icon from block geometry radio button.
An image of the icon is then displayed to the right.
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71 Creating Symbols/Blocks
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72 Creating Symbols/Blocks
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73 Creating Symbols/Blocks
To Create A Block7. Use the Insert units: drop-down list to Specify the type of units the AutoCAD Design
Center will use when inserting the block.
8. After you have finished defining the block, pick OK.
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74 Creating Symbols/Blocks
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75 Creating Symbols/Blocks
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Creating Symbols/Blocks 76
Verifying Block Was Created
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77 Creating Symbols/Blocks
To Create A BlockTo verify that the block was saved properly:Access the Block Definition dialog box.Pick the Name: drop-down list button to display
a list of all blocks in the current drawing, Figure 23-5.
The block names are organized in numericaland alphabetical order.
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78 Creating Symbols/Blocks
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79 Creating Symbols/Blocks
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80 Creating Symbols/Blocks
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Creating Symbols/Blocks 81
The EXPLODE Command
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82 Creating Symbols/Blocks
The EXPLODE CommandThe EXPLODE command breaks apart any:Existing blockPolylineDimension.
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83 Creating Symbols/Blocks
The EXPLODE CommandTo access this commandPick the Explode button in the Modify toolbar
ORSelect Explode from the Modify pull-down
menuOR
Type X or EXPLODE at the Command:prompt:
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84 Creating Symbols/Blocks
The EXPLODE CommandWhen the block is exploded, the individual
objects can now be changed individually.
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85 Creating Symbols/Blocks
The EXPLODE CommandNOTE You can explode a block that was
scaled using different X, Y, and Z values when it was inserted.
This type of block is technically a nonuniformly scaled block.
Versions of AutoCAD prior to Release 13 did not allow exploding of such blocks (!)
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Creating Symbols/Blocks 86
The PURGE Command
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87 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Storing a Drawing As A WBlockThe PURGE command can also be used to
remove any unusedLayersLinetypesText stylesDimension stylesMultiline stylesBlocks
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Creating Symbols/Blocks 88
Inserting A Block
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89 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Inserting A BlockOnce a block has been created, it is easy to
insert it into a drawing.
Determine a proper size.Determine a rotation angle.Determine the proper layer.
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90 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Inserting A BlockUse the INSERT command by:Type I, INSERT, or DDINSERT at the
Command: promptOR
Pick the Insert Block button from the Draw toolbarOR
Pick Block... from the Insert pull-down menu.
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91 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Inserting A BlockSelect the block you wish to insert From the drop-down list
OR Enter the block name in the Name: text box.
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92 Creating Symbols/Blocks
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93 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Inserting A BlockPick the Name: drop-down list button to access
the defined blocks in the current drawing.
Highlight the name of the block you wish to insert.
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94 Creating Symbols/Blocks
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95 Creating Symbols/Blocks
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96 Creating Symbols/Blocks
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97 Creating Symbols/Blocks
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98 Creating Symbols/Blocks
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99 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Inserting A BlockSpecify the Insertion Point
Specify the Scale.
Specify the Rotation angle.
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100 Creating Symbols/Blocks
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101 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Inserting A BlockSpecify the check box whether to EXPLODE the
block upon inserting it.
EXPLODE breaks block apart into its components.
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102 Creating Symbols/Blocks
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103 Creating Symbols/Blocks
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104 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Inserting A Block Insertion point area.Use the Specify On-screen check box to pick
an insertion point on screen and insert the block dynamically.
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105 Creating Symbols/Blocks
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106 Creating Symbols/Blocks
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107 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Inserting A BlockTo insert the block using absolute coordinatesDisable the Specify On-screen check box Enter the coordinates in the X:, Y:, and Z: text
boxes. If X, Y, Z are used, the block is immediately
inserted at the specified coordinates when you pick OK.
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108 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Inserting A BlockTitle Blocks often use 0,0,0 as the Insertion
Point.
Most other blocksChairsDesksPiping symbolsEtc
do NOT use 0,0,0 as the Insertion Point.
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109 Creating Symbols/Blocks
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110 Creating Symbols/Blocks
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111 Creating Symbols/Blocks
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112 Creating Symbols/Blocks
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113 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Inserting A BlockScale area.The Scale area allows you to specify scale
values for the block in relation to the X, Y, and Z axes.
The Specify On-screen check box is inactive by default.
This causes the block to be inserted at a one-to-one scale once the insertion point has been selected.
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114 Creating Symbols/Blocks
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115 Creating Symbols/Blocks
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116 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Inserting A BlockScale area.
Specify On-screen - prompts you to enter the scale at the command line when inserting the block.
Enter scale valuesX.Y.Z.
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117 Creating Symbols/Blocks
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118 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Inserting A BlockScale area - Uniform Scale check box
Scales object uniformly in all directions.
This is the most common setting.
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119 Creating Symbols/Blocks
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120 Creating Symbols/Blocks
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121 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Inserting A BlockRotation area.Use to insert the block at a specified angle.The default angle is zero. Enter a different value in the Angle: text box. Activate the Specify On-screen check box to be
prompted for the rotation angle at the command line when inserting the block.
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122 Creating Symbols/Blocks
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123 Creating Symbols/Blocks
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124 Creating Symbols/Blocks
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125 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Inserting A BlockExplode check box.When a block is created, it is saved as a single
object. It is defined as a single object when inserted in
the drawing, no matter how many objects were used to create the block.
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126 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Inserting A BlockExplode check box.Causes the BLOCK to explode into its original
objects for editing purposes.
If you explode the block upon insertion, it will assume its original properties, such as
Original layerOriginal colorOriginal linetype.
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127 Creating Symbols/Blocks
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128 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Inserting A Block If you are specifying the insertion point on-
screen, the following prompt appears: Specify insertion point or
[Scale/X/Y/Z/Rotate/PScale/PX/PY/PZ/PRotate]: (pick the point to insert the block)
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129 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Inserting A BlockScale.Y. Z. Rotate.PScale.PX.PY. PZ. PRotate.
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130 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Inserting A BlockScale.Affects the overall scale of the X, Y, and Z
axes.Entering a NEGATIVE scale factor INSERT’s a
a mirror image of a block.
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131 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Inserting A BlockX.Affects only the X scale factor.
Y.Affects only the Y scale factor.
Z.Affects only the Z scale factor.
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132 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Inserting A BlockRotate.Sets the rotation angle.
PScale.Preview the scale of the X, Y, and Z axes. You are then prompted to enter the actual scale
factors.
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133 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Inserting A BlockPreview ScalePX.
Preview the scale of the X axis, then enter the actual scale factor.
PY.Preview the scale of the Y axis, then enter the actual
scale factor.PZ.
Preview the scale of the Z axis, then enter the scale factor.
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134 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Inserting A BlockPreview RotatePRotate.Preview the rotation angle, then enter the
actual rotation angle.
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135 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Inserting A Block If you are specifying the scale factor, the
following prompt appears:Enter X scale factor, specify opposite corner, or
[Corner/XYZI <1 >: (pick a point, or enter a value for the scale).
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136 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Inserting A BlockMoving the cursor scales the block dynamically
as it is dragged.
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137 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Inserting A Block If you enter an X scale factor or press [Enter] to
accept the default scale value, the prompt reads:Enter Y scale factor <use X scale factor>:
(enter a value or press [Enter] to accept the same scale specified for the X axis)
Specify rotation angle <0>: (pick a point, enter a value for the rotation angle and press [Enter], or press [Enter] to accept the default angle)
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138 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Inserting A BlockThe prompt for the Y scale factor allows you to
accept the X scale factor for Y by simply pressing [Enter].
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Creating Symbols/Blocks 139
Inserting Multiple CopiesOf A Block
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140 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Inserting Multiple CopiesUse the MINSERT command to insert multiple
copies of a block.
MINSERT combines INSERT and ARRAY into one command.
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Creating Symbols/Blocks 141
Inserting Entire Drawings
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142 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Inserting Entire DrawingsUse INSERT to insert an entire drawing file into
the current drawing.
Example:Titleblock
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143 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Inserting Entire DrawingsWhen one drawing is inserted into another, the
inserted drawing becomes a block reference.
It does not inherit the color, linetype or thickness properties of the layer it is inserted on.
You can explode the inserted drawing back to its original objects (and original layers).
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144 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Inserting Entire DrawingsA drawing that is inserted brings any existing Block definitions.Layers.Linetypes.Text stylesDimension styles.
into the current drawing.
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145 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Inserting Entire DrawingsThe default insertion point of every drawing is
0,0,0.Use the BASE command to change the
insertion point of a block.Pick Base from the Block cascading menu in
the Draw pull-down menuOR
Type BASE at the Command: prompt.
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Creating Symbols/Blocks 146
Creating a Block From A Drawing File
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147 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Creating a Drawing File Block You can create a block from any existing
drawing.You can name your new block anything you
wish.
Remember, if something has already been drawn, try to use it as a block rather than redrawing it.
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148 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Creating a Drawing File Block Example: Use the -INSERT command to define
a block named BOLT from an existing drawing file named fastener.dwg:Command: -INSERTEnter block name or [?]: <current>:
BOLT=FASTENER.Specify insertion point or
[Scale/X/Y/Z/Rotate/PScale/PX/PY/PZ/PRotate]:
(press the [Esc] key) to CANCEL the command.
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149 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Creating a Drawing File Block The drawing is not inserted on screen because
the command was canceled (the ESC key).
However, a block named BOLT is saved and added to the drawing file (!)
It can be used in the same manner as any other block.
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Creating Symbols/Blocks 150
Creating Permanent Global BlocksThe WBLOCK Command
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151 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Creating a Drawing File Block Blocks created with the BLOCK command can
only be used in the drawing in which they were made.
You may want to use blocks on many different drawings without having to redraw them.
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152 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Creating a Drawing File Block Use the WBLOCK (write block) command to
create a drawing (.dwg) file out of a block OR a drawing.
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153 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Creating a Drawing File Block Use the WBLOCK command to create a global
block from any object
It does not have to be first saved as a block.
The resulting drawing file can then be inserted as a block into any drawing.
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154 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Creating a New WBlock You can create a WBLOCK from a shape you
have just drawn, but you have not yet made a block.
(The TITLEBLOCK assignment).
Enter the WBLOCK command.Select the Objects option button.Pick the Select objects button to select the
objects for the drawing file.
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155 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Creating a New WBlock Pick the Pick point button to select the insertion
point.Enter coordinates in the X:, Y:, and Z: text
boxes.Give the file a name in the File name: text box.
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156 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Creating a New WBlock Select the type of units.
Pick OK.
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157 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Creating a New WBlock This is the same sequence that is used with the
BLOCK commnand.
However, the WBLOCK is saved to disk as a drawing file, not as a block in the current drawing.
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Creating Symbols/Blocks 158
Storing a Drawing As A WBlock
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159 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Storing a Drawing As A WBlockAn entire drawing can also be stored as a
WBLOCK.
Pick the Entire drawing option button in the Write Block dialog box.
Give the WBLOCK a name in the File name, text box.
Specify a location for the new drawing file
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160 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Storing a Drawing As A WBlockSelect the type of units
Pick OK when you are through.
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161 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Storing a Drawing As A WBlockThe whole drawing is saved to disk as if you had
used the SAVE command.
All unused blocks are deleted from the drawing.
If the drawing contains any unused blocks, this method reduces the size of a drawing considerably.
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162 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Storing a Drawing As A WBlockThe Entire drawing WBLOCK option Acts like PURGERemoves named objects that are unused Reduces your drawing file size.
Quick way to clean up (PURGE) drawingRemoves unused
BlocksLayersStylesObjects.
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Creating Symbols/Blocks 163
Block Insertion Options
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164 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Block Insertion OptionsUse the Corner option to get an approximate
dynamic scaling technique.
If the DRAGMODE system variable is set to Auto, you can size the block dynamically as you move the cursor.
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165 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Block Insertion OptionsThe Corner option:Enter X scale factor, specify opposite corner, or
[Corner/XYZ] <1>: CSpecify opposite corner: (move the cursor to
change the size of the block and pick a point or enter absolute coordinates)
Pick a point on screen above and to the right of the insertion point to insert the block as drawn.
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166 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Block Insertion OptionsThe Corner option:Picking a corner point below or to the left of the
insertion point generates a mirror image.
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167 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Block Insertion OptionsA block that is scaled during insertion can be
classified asA real block.A schematic block.A unit block.
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168 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Block Insertion OptionsA real blockIs drawn at a one-to-one scale.Is inserted into the drawing using 1 for both the
X and Y scale factors.
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169 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Block Insertion OptionsA schematic blockIs a block that is originally drawn at a one-to-
one scale.Is inserted into the drawing using the scale
factor of the drawing for both the X and Y scale values.
Examples of schematic blocks NotesDetail bubblesSection symbols.
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Creating Symbols/Blocks 170
The -BLOCK Command
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171 Creating Symbols/Blocks
The -BLOCK CommandThe -BLOCK command can also be used to
create new blocks and list existing blocks.Access this command by:Typing -B or -BLOCK at the Command: prompt.
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172 Creating Symbols/Blocks
The -BLOCK CommandWhen the -BLOCK command is entered, the
options in the Block Definition dialog box are presented as prompts on the command line.
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173 Creating Symbols/Blocks
The -BLOCK CommandTo display a list of block names, use the ?
option:Command: -B or -BLOCKEnter block name or [?]: ?Enter block(s) to list <*>:
Press [Enter] to list all of the blocks in the current drawing.
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174 Creating Symbols/Blocks
The -BLOCK CommandThis listing showsEach block nameThe different types of blocks The number of each type in the drawing.
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175 Creating Symbols/Blocks
The -BLOCK CommandWhen you create a block, you have actually
created a block definition.
The first entry in the block listing is that of defined blocks.
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176 Creating Symbols/Blocks
The -BLOCK CommandUser blocks are those created by the user.
External references are drawings referenced with the XREF command.
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Creating Symbols/Blocks 177
Nesting Blocks
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178 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Nesting BlocksBlocks can be used when creating other blocks.
This process is called nesting, where larger blocks contain smaller blocks.
The larger block must be given a different name.
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Creating Symbols/Blocks 179
Editing Blocks
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180 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Editing Blocks In-Place Editing allows you to make minor
changes to blocks, wblocks or drawings that have been inserted in the current drawing.
You can edit blocks without having to explodeand redefine them.
In-place editing cannot be used on blocks that have been inserted with MINSERT.
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181 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Editing BlocksUse the REFEDIT command to edit blocks in
place.Type REFEDIT at the Command: prompt.
ORUse the Refedit toolbar
ORPick In-place Xref and Block Edit and Edit
Reference in the Modify pull-down menu.
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182 Creating Symbols/Blocks
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183 Creating Symbols/Blocks
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184 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Editing BlocksThe REFEDIT command options:Reference namePreviewEnable unique layer and symbol namesDisplay attribute definitions for editingNextOK
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185 Creating Symbols/Blocks
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186 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Editing BlocksReference nameDisplays the name of the selected block and
any references nested within the selected block.
PreviewDisplays an image of the the selected block.Use the NEXT button to cycle through nested
blocks.
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187 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Editing BlocksEnable unique layer and symbol namesControls layer and symbol names of objects
extracted from the referenceIf checked, layer and symbol names are given
a prefix such as $#$
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188 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Editing BlocksDisplay attribute definitions for editingIf checked, the block attributes and attribute
definitions are available for editing.Edited attribute definitions only take effect in
future insertions of the edited block.NextUse to cycle through nested blocks.
OKPick OK after selecting the desired block.
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189 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Editing BlocksAfter you pick the OK button, the Refedit
toolbar is displayed and you get the following prompt:
Select nested objects: (select the objects in the block to edit)
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190 Creating Symbols/Blocks
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191 Creating Symbols/Blocks
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192 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Editing BlocksPick all objects in the block to be edited, then
press [Enter].Select nested objects:
Use REFCLOSE or the Refedit toolbar to endreference editing session.
Command:
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193 Creating Symbols/Blocks
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194 Creating Symbols/Blocks
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195 Creating Symbols/Blocks
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196 Creating Symbols/Blocks
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197 Creating Symbols/Blocks
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198 Creating Symbols/Blocks
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199 Creating Symbols/Blocks
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200 Creating Symbols/Blocks
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201 Creating Symbols/Blocks
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202 Creating Symbols/Blocks
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203 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Editing Blocks If multiple insertions of the same block are
displayed, pick the one you originally selected.
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204 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Editing BlocksWhen the Command: prompt is available, all
the objects in the drawing are grayed out, except the objects you selected.
Use any drawing or editing commands to alter the object as desired.
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205 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Editing BlocksPick the Save back changes to reference button
in the Refedit toolbar. Pick OK to continue with the save.Changes to the edited block are displayed
immediately.Changes affectother insertions of the same block and future insertions of the block.
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206 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Editing BlocksObjects selected for editing are referred to as
the “working set” and appear brighter than other objects.
Objects that are not a part of the working set are faded.
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207 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Editing BlocksThe percent of fading is controlled in the
Display tab of the Options dialog box.A maximum of 90% fading is allowed, and the
default is 50%.
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208 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Editing BlocksThis value is controlled by the XFADECTL
variable.Enter a value in the Reference Edit fading
intensity text box in the lower-right comer, or move the slider.
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209 Creating Symbols/Blocks
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210 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Editing BlocksObjects that are added to the drawing during
the edit can be removed from the working set.
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211 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Editing BlocksThe Refedit Toolbar Buttons.Add objects to working set.Remove objects from the working set.Discard changes to reference.Save changes back to block.
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212 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Editing BlocksAdd objects to working set.Any object that is drawn during the in-place edit
is automatically added to the working set.Use this button to add additional existing
objects. If an object is added to the working set, it is
removed from the host drawing.
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213 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Editing BlocksThe REFSET command allows you to add to or
remove objects from the working set.
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214 Creating Symbols/Blocks
“Checking Out” a Reference A drawing must be checked out to edit it. If the
REFEDIT command is issued, when the block is not checked out, an error message will result.
Command: REFSET** Command not allowed unless a reference is
checked out with REFEDIT command **.
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215 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Editing BlocksRemove objects from the working set.Use this button to remove objects from the
working set.When an object is removed from the set it
appears faded.If an object is removed from the working set, it
is added to the host drawing.
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216 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Editing BlocksDiscard changes to reference.Pick to exit the reference edit function without
saving changes to the object.
The REFCLOSE command allows you to save or discard changes to the working set, and closes reference editing.
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217 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Editing BlocksThe REFEDIT command can also be used in the
command window. Command: -REFEDITSelect reference: (select the block to change)Select [Enter] (to accept the currently
highlighted reference)OR
Press [Enter] to use the Next option:
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218 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Editing BlocksSelect nesting level [Ok/Next] <Next>: [Enter]Select nesting level [Ok/Next] <Next>: O [Enter]Select nested objects: (select objects within the
block to edit)Display attribute definitions [Yes/No] <No>:
(type Y or [Enter] for No)Use REFCLOSE or the Refedit toolbar to end
reference editing session.Command: (use drawing and editing
commands as needed to edit the block)
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219 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Editing BlocksUse the Save back changes to reference button
on the Refedit toolbarOR
Type the REFCLOSE command and use one of its options.
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220 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Editing BlocksThe Save option :Command: REFCLOSE [Eenter]Enter option [Save/Discard reference changes]
<Save>: [Enter]The AutoCAD alert box is displayed.Use OK to accept the changes.
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Creating Symbols/Blocks 221
Redefining Existing Blocks
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222 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Redefining Existing BlocksTo redefine an existing block:1. Insert the block to be redefined anywhere in
your drawing.2. Make sure that you know where the
insertion point of the block is located.3. Explode the inserted block using the
EXPLODE command.4. Edit the block as needed.
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223 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Redefining Existing Blocks5. Recreate the block definition using the
BLOCK command.6. Give the block the same name and the same
insertion point it originally had.7. Select the objects to be included in the
block.8. Pick OK.When a message from AutoCAD appears and
asks if you want to redefine the block, pick Yes.
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224 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Redefining Existing Blocks9. When the BLOCK command is complete, all
insertions of the block are updated.
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225 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Redefining Existing BlocksA common mistake is to forget to use the
EXPLODE command before redefining the block.
When you try to create the block again with the same name, an alert box indicating the block references itself is displayed.
This means you are trying to create a block that already exists.
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226 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Redefining Existing BlocksOnce you press the OK button, the alert box
disappears and the Block Definition dialog box is redisplayed.
Press the Cancel button, explode the block to be redefined, and try again.
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227 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Redefining Existing BlocksYou can also redefine existing blocks using the -
BLOCK command:Insert the block Explode the blockMake necessary changes have been madeIssue the -BLOCK command.Enter the same block nameEnter Y or YES to redefine the blockPick the same insertion pointSelect the revised objects.Press [Enter]
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Creating Symbols/Blocks 228
The Circular Reference Error
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229 Creating Symbols/Blocks
The Circular Reference ErrorWhen you try to redefine a block that already
exists (using the same name), AutoCAD informs you that the block references itself.
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230 Creating Symbols/Blocks
The Circular Reference ErrorA block can be composed of any objects,
including other blocks. When using the BLOCK command, AutoCAD
makes a list of all the objects that compose the new block.
AutoCAD must refer to any existing block definitions that are selected to be part of the new block.
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231 Creating Symbols/Blocks
The Circular Reference Error If you select an instance, or reference, of the
block being redefined as a component object for the new definition, a problem occurs.
You are trying to redefine a block name using a previous version of the block with the same name.
In other words, the new block refers to a block of the same name, or references itself.
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232 Creating Symbols/Blocks
The Circular Reference ErrorExample #1 –Assume you create a block named BOX that is
composed of four line objects in the shape of a square, and insert it.
You then decide that the block needs to be changed so that it contains a small circle in the lower-left corner.
If the original BOX block is exploded, all that is left are the four line objects.
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233 Creating Symbols/Blocks
The Circular Reference ErrorAfter drawing the required circle, you can enter the
BLOCK command and recreate a block named BOX by selecting the four lines and the circle as the component objects.
Redefining a block destroys the old definition and creates a new one.
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234 Creating Symbols/Blocks
The Circular Reference ErrorExample #2 –assume you do not explode the block, but still draw
the circle and try to redefine the block.By selecting the BOX block and the circle, a new
block named BOX would now be a block reference of the BOX block with a circle.
The old block definition of BOX has not been destroyed, but a new definition has been attempted.
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235 Creating Symbols/Blocks
The Circular Reference ErrorThus, AutoCAD is trying to define a new block
named BOX by using an instance of the BOX block.
This is referred to as a circular reference, and is what is meant by a block referencing itself.
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Creating Symbols/Blocks 236
Inserting a Drawing File withSelect Drawing File
Dialog Box
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237 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Inserting a Drawing File The INSERT command can be used to:Insert a block Insert a wblock. Insert another drawing file.
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238 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Inserting a Drawing File Picking the Browse... button in the Insert dialog
box activates the Select Drawing File dialog box. (To insert a WBLOCK)
You can then scroll through the files in any folder, or on another drive, and pick the file name you need.
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239 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Inserting a Drawing File The -INSERT command can be used to insert
Wblocks also.To access the Select Drawing File dialog box,
enter a tilde (-) when prompted for the block name as follows:Command: -INSERTEnter block name or [?]: <current>: ~
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240 Creating Symbols/Blocks
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241 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Inserting a Drawing File You can use the tilde character (~) whenever
any AutoCAD command prompt requests a file name.
One of several dialog boxes is then displayed so that you may select a file.
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Creating Symbols/Blocks 242
Revising an Inserted Drawing
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243 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Revising an Inserted DrawingYou may find that you need to revise a drawing
file that has been used in other drawings. If this happens, you can quickly update any
drawing in which the revised drawing is used.
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244 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Revising an Inserted DrawingExample: a drawing file named “pump” was
used several times in a drawing.To update references to the changed “pump”
fileType -INSERT Type an equal sign (=) after the block name to
update all of the references to the pump drawing:
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245 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Revising an Inserted DrawingCommand: -INSERTEnter block name or [?]: <current>: PUMP=Block "pump" already exists. Redefine it?
[Yes/No] <N>: YiBlock "pump" redefinedRegenerating model.Specify insertion point or
[Scale/X/Y/Z/Rotate/PScale/PX/PY/PZ/PRotate]:
(press the [Esc] key)
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246 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Revising an Inserted DrawingAll of the pump references are automatically
updated.
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247 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Revising an Inserted DrawingExample #2: A drawing file named “fastener” was inserted
into your current drawingThe drawing file “fastener” was saved as a
block “screw”.
You have decided to revise the fastener drawing.
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248 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Revising an Inserted DrawingThe screw block can be updated using the -
INSERT command as follows:Command: -INSERTEnter block name or [?]: <current>:
SCREW=FASTENERBlock "screw" already exists. Redefine it?
[Yes/No] <N>: YiBlock "screw" redefinedRegenerating model.
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249 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Revising an Inserted Drawing If you work on projects in which inserted
drawings may be revised, it may be more productive to use reference drawings instead of inserted drawing files.
Reference drawings are used with the XREF command
This is covered in Chapter 24.
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250 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Revising an Inserted DrawingAll referenced drawings are automatically
updated when a drawing file that contains the externally referenced material is loaded into AutoCAD.
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Creating Symbols/Blocks 251
Creating Symbol Libraries
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252 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Creating Symbol LibrariesAs you become proficient with AutoCAD, you
will want to start constructing symbol libraries. A symbol library is a collection of related
shapes, views, and symbols that are used repeatedly in drawings.
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253 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Creating Symbol LibrariesSymbols are generally incorporated into your
screen and tablet menus.
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254 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Creating Symbol LibrariesFirst, you must decide where symbols (blocks
and drawing files) are stored and how they can be inserted into different drawings.
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255 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Creating Symbol LibrariesRemember:BLOCK a block is saved with the drawing WBLOCK saves the block as a separate
drawing file.
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256 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Creating Symbol LibrariesA complete drawing file occupies considerably
more disk space than a block. Also, a drawing file can contain many blocksOnce the drawing file is inserted into the
current drawing, all the blocks in the drawing file are also inserted into the drawing.
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257 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Creating Symbol LibrariesTo use blocks, each person in the office or class
must have a copy of the drawing that contains the blocks.
The blocks are usually created and stored in a template file or a separate drawing file.
If drawing files are used, each student or employee must have access to the files.
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258 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Creating Symbol LibrariesUsing 3.5" DiskettesGood to use for temporarily storing backup
copies of drawing and data files. Are NOT a good choice for the primary means
for storing symbols, especially if you have sufficient room on the hard disk, optical, or network server drives.
Inserting and removing diskettes from a disk drive is tedious and time-consuming
It takes more time for the computer to access the diskettes.
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259 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Creating Symbol LibrariesCreate all symbols as separate drawing files.Assign one person to initially create the
symbols for each specialty.Follow class or company symbol standards.Print a hard copy of the symbol library.
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260 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Creating Symbol Libraries Include A representation of the symbol, Symbol insertion pointAny other necessary informationSymbol location.Provide all users of the symbols with a copy of
the listing.
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261 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Creating Symbol LibrariesSave symbols by discipline:ElectronicElectricalPipingMechanicalStructuralArchitecturalLandscapingMapping
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262 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Creating Symbol LibrariesThe Hard Disk DriveIs the best places to store a symbol library.Is easily accessedIs quickIs more convenient to use than diskettes.
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263 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Creating Symbol LibrariesCreate symbols with the WBLOCK command.Create directories for each discipline.Save discipline specific symbols in the same
directory.
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264 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Creating Symbol LibrariesFolder structure:BlocksArch CivilElectLandscapeMechStruct
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265 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Creating Symbol Libraries If a symbol is saved as a file, you must search for its folder the first time the
symbol is inserted. After its initial insertion, the drawing file is
saved as a block definition in the current drawing, and it can be accessed by entering its file name.
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266 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Creating Symbol LibrariesAll workstations in the class or office should
have folders with the same names.One person should be assigned to update and
copy symbol libraries to all workstation hard drives.
Drawing files should be copied onto each workstation's hard drive from a master diskette or network server.
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Creating Symbols/Blocks 267
Copying a Symbol Library into a New Drawing
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268 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Copying a Symbol Library A symbol library of blocks that is part of a
drawing can be copied into a new drawing file.The incoming blocks are not displayed, they are
only included as definitions in the drawing file.
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269 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Copying a Symbol Library This allows you to use blocks created on one
drawing without also having to use the drawing.
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270 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Copying a Symbol Library Example: If the drawing pipeflow.dwg saved on
the diskette in the A: drive contains the needed blocks, use the -INSERT command as follows:Command: -INSERTEnter block name or [?] <current>:
A:PIPEFLOWSpecify insertion point or
[Scale/XN/Z/Rotate/PScale/PX/PY/PZ/PRotatel:(press the [Esc] key to cancel the command)
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271 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Copying a Symbol Library After pressing the [Escl key:The drawing is not inserted on screenBut, the blocks are now included with the new
file.
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272 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Copying a Symbol Library NOTE: If a symbol library is saved as a template file, it
cannot be inserted into another drawing.
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273 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Copying a Symbol Library A symbol library template is beneficial when
starting a new drawing in which the symbols are to be used.
For example, when starting a new mechanical drawing, a mechanical template that contains a mechanical symbol library would be helpful.
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Creating Symbols/Blocks 274
Renaming Blocks
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275 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Creating a Symbol Library ListingBlocks can be renamed using the RENAME
command.Access this command by Selecting Rename... from the Format pull-down
menu OR
Entering REN or RENAME at the Command: prompt.
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276 Creating Symbols/Blocks
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277 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Creating a Symbol Library ListingNOTE Since AutoCAD does not permit the
renaming of layer 0 or the Continuous linetype, these two named objects do not appear in the Items list in the Rename dialog box.
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278 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Creating a Symbol Library ListingNOTE The -RENAME command can be used
to rename blocks, layers, views, and other named objects at the Command: prompt.
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Creating Symbols/Blocks 279
Deleting Named Objects
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280 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Deleting Named ObjectsA block is a named object. In many drawing sessions, not all of the named
objects in a drawing are used.These objects occupy disk space. It is good practice to delete or purge the
unused objects with the PURGE command.
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Creating Symbols/Blocks 281
The PURGE Command
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282 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Deleting Named ObjectsTo access the PURGE command:Pick Purge from the Drawing Utilities cascading
menu in the File pull-down menu, OR
enter PU or PURGE at the Command: prompt.
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283 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Deleting Named ObjectsThe command sequence displays each of the
unused named objects one at a time.Decide whether to delete or save them.
You can also specify a named object by entering the option corresponding to the type of object to be purged.
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284 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Deleting Named ObjectsUse the PURGE command in the following
manner to delete a block named LINESPEC:Command: PU or PURGEEnter type of unused objects to purge[Blocks/Dimstyles/LAyers/LTypes/Plotstyles/SH
apes/textSTyles/Mlinestyles/All]: BEnter name(s) to purge <*>: Verify each name to be purged? [Yes/No] <Y>:Purge block "linespec"? <N> Y
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285 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Deleting Named ObjectsThe PURGE command Lists all unused blocks individually Gives you the option to answer yes or no.
The All option can be used to delete all unused named objects.
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286 Creating Symbols/Blocks
Deleting Named ObjectsThe PURGE command Is a good way to clean up a drawing after it is
completed.Is slower than using the Entire drawing wblock
option in the Write Block dialog box.