creating the vision: custom aluminum extrusions in...
TRANSCRIPT
Creating the Vision: Custom Aluminum Extrusions in Building & Construction
TBD
Presented by:
Scott Condreay Architectural Engineering Manager Sapa Extrusions North America [email protected]
Presenting Sponsor:
1
Creating the Vision: Custom Aluminum Extrusions in Building & Construction
www.sapagroup.com/NA
Moving beyond the built environment …
Or this?
The versatility of aluminum, and the extrusion process, takes extrusions from the Apple Watch to the Apple Campus, from the auto world to lighting, solar energy, machinery, sporting goods and a wide range of applications in the built environment
6
7
Today’s presentation will introduce you to the properties and processes that will allow you to create unique responses with custom aluminum extrusions Today’s Agenda • An Overview
- Advantages of Aluminum and Aluminum Extrusion
- The Extrusion Process • Key Design Variables - Alloys - Geometry - Fabrication (& Finishing) • Case Examples • Additional Resources
Introduction
With this highly workable material you can create – not choose – shapes that yield functionality and aesthetics, while providing superior cost effectiveness and sustainability.
The Michael Lee-Chin Crystal building, an addition to Toronto’s Royal Ontario Museum. Over 18 miles of aluminum extrusions (90,000 square feet) were used in the structure
8
Aluminum Extrusions are a preferred material for commercial construction due to their unique combination of attributes:
• Lightweight strength • Design flexibility • Longevity, and low maintenance • Sustainability – infinite
recyclability and high recycled content potential
Introduction
Some of the applications for aluminum extrusions in commercial buildings: • Fenestration
• Windows and doors (including hurricane- forced entry– tornado- and blast-resistant)
• Store Fronts & Curtain walls • Energy Management
• Sun shades and louvers • Light shelves • Photovoltaic panel framing,
mounting • Skylights & Canopies
• Sun rooms • Atriums and enclosures • Observatories • Gates & archways
9
Introduction
Some of the innovative applications for aluminum extrusions in commercial buildings: • Structure
• Bridge decks • Canopies • Space frame systems • Garages and parking covers • Geodesic domes and structures
• Interior elements • Panel systems and cubicles • Elevator cab framing • Light housings & grids • Demountable interior walls • Railing systems • Decorative screens
• And more…
While aluminum extrusions are often a predetermined element in a building product, custom shapes can peak the imagination of designers and architects …
10
Introduction
2014 Public Safety Building Salt Lake City, UT Entrance canopy with solar panels • net-zero designation • LEED Platinum rating, • ;
11
Photos: SLC: Wausau Window & Wall Systems, Wayne Gillman Photography
Innovative applications for aluminum extrusions
2014 Anaheim Regional Transportation Center
Anaheim, CA
Photos: Nic Lehoux
Architects: SERA/Cutler Anderson Façade: Benson Industries
Introduction
12
Custom “reedlike” aluminum extrusions shade direct sunlight on the West façade of the Edith Green-Wendell Wyatt Federal Building in Portland, OR in this 2013 renovation of a 1974 structure. Vegetation is being trained to grow on the “reeds” for additional shading • Expected LEED Platinum designation • Recipient of 2014 AIA COTE award for Top
Ten Green Projects
Innovative applications for aluminum extrusions
Introduction
Innovative applications for aluminum extrusions
13 Ball-noges studio used milled extrusions to create a decorative screen allowing varied views into this LA ball field
14
Today’s presentation will introduce you to the properties and processes that will allow you to create unique responses with custom aluminum extrusions Today’s Agenda • An Overview
- Advantages of Aluminum and Aluminum Extrusion
- The Extrusion Process • Key Design Variables - Alloys - Geometry - Fabrication (& Finishing) • Additional Resources
Overview
15
Aluminum Extrusion combines: • a material with outstanding physical
characteristics • a process that is incredibly versatile,
capable of converting ideas to reality quickly and inexpensively, creating near-net shapes for complex forms, with close tolerances
Together, the metal and the process optimize component and product designs!
16
Advantages of Aluminum • Lightweight • Strong • High Strength-to-Weight Ratio • Resilient • Corrosion-Resistant • Heat Conductive • Reflective • Electrically Conductive • Non-Magnetic • Non-Sparking • Non-Combustible • Cold Strength • Fully Recyclable
Advantages of Extrusion
• Tailored performance – put metal where
it is needed
• Suitable for complex, integral shapes,
produced to close tolerances
• Attractive, wide range of finishes
• Virtually seamless
• Easy to fabricate
• Joinable by various methods
• Suitable for easy-assembly designs
• Produced with uniform quality
• Cost Effective
• Short production lead times
Overview
Strong, with high Strength-to-Weight Appropriately alloyed and tempered, aluminum is stronger than some steels, with ultimate tensile strengths as high as 80,000 psi to 90,000 psi or more.
Overview – the material
17
The standard aluminum frame for the 2014 Corvette C7 is over 90 pounds lighter, yet 60% stiffer than the previous steel frame
Corrosion-Resistant Aluminum develops its own inert aluminum oxide film, which is self-protective, blocking further oxidation.
18
Cold Strength • Aluminum is not impaired by cold, gaining
strength and ductility as temperatures are reduced; a preferred metal for cryogenic (low-temperature) applications.
• Steel and plastics get brittle when the temperature drops… aluminum gets stronger and tougher!
Photo: ©Action Graphics, Inc.
Overview – the material
Electrically Conductive Volume for volume, aluminum carries electricity about 62% as well as copper. On a weight basis, aluminum can be twice as conductive as copper, and aluminum is often the most economical choice.
Overview – the material
19
0
20
40
60
80
100
Heat Conductive Conducts – and dissipates - heat better than any other common metal on both a weight and cost basis.
Overview – the material
20
Sustainable & Fully Recyclable • Can be recycled over and over without
degradation of its innate properties • Recycling requires only 8% of the energy
necessary to produce virgin aluminum • Extrusions can contain as much as 80%,
recycled content. • In 2014, North American extruders will
utilize > 2.5 Billion pounds of scrap!
47%
5%
19%
29%
prime process scrappost-ind'l scrap post-consumer
Source: Aluminum Association Life Cycle Assessment of Semi-Finished Aluminum Products in North America, Dec. 2013
Extrusion Feedstock in 2010 contained 53% scrap
22
Feedstock: heated aluminum alloy “billet”
Source: Rio Tinto Alcan
Overview – the process
Steel die and supporting tooling
Desired final “profile” or shape
The Extrusion Process
23
The Extrusion Process - how are HOLLOW Shapes Extruded?
The PlayDoh flows through the opening between the part of the die that forms the outside diameter and the inside “mandrel” supported by two horizontal supports.
The PlayDoh SEPARATES into two tube halves and “welds” back together due to the pressure needed to make it flow through the annular opening into a tube shape.
Overview – the process
Overview – the process
24
Produced to Close Tolerances • The ability to hold tight tolerances over the
full extruded lengths are routine and the ability of aluminum extruders to meet even more critical dimensions is keeping pace with advances in technology.
Suitable for Complex, Integral Shapes • Shapes can combine functions that would
otherwise require the production and joining of several different parts, reducing part counts and costs.
Welds
Screw bosses
Local thickening
Extrusion – 1 piece
Steel part – multiple pieces
Overview – the process
25
Accepting a Wide Range of Finishes Aluminum extrusions accept a great variety of finishes, colors and textures (anodize, alodine, wet or powder paint, applique, etc.)
Simplified Fabrication & Assembly • Creative Design with aluminum extrusions
can eliminate fabrication and assembly steps
•.Parts can be easily cut, machined, finished,
bent, welded, fabricated and assembled.
Process Typical Part Tooling Cost ($)
Aluminum Extrusion $500 to $5000
Stampings $5000 and up
Injection Molding $25,000 and up
Die Castings $25,000 and up
Roll Forming $30,000 and up
Overview – the process
26
Cost-effective • The diversity of shapes permitted by the
extrusion process cuts down or eliminates many machining and joining operations.
• Tooling costs are modest in comparison with other processes.
Time-effective • Extrusion’s short lead times facilitate
design iteration and the use of custom shapes to create an effective design solution
048
121620
Typical Tooling Lead Time (weeks)
27
Today’s presentation will introduce you to the properties and processes that will allow you to create unique responses with custom aluminum extrusions Today’s Agenda • An Overview
- Advantages of Aluminum and Aluminum Extrusion
- The Extrusion Process • Key Design Variables - Alloys - Geometry - Fabrication (& Finishing) • Additional Resources
The combination of Alloy, Geometry (shape), & Fabrication allows…
• The optimization of component performance
• Inexpensive incorporation of functional details that simplify assemble, reduce part counts, and enhance utility
Key Design Variables
28
Availability of various profile circle size / area / weight combinations
29
Circumscribed Circle Size in inches Corresponding Profile weight
(lbs/ft)
Cross Section Area in sq inches <1 1 to 7 8 to 10 11 to 14 >14
Min Max <.050 L L x x x - 0.06
.050 to .100 G G L x x 0.06 0.12 .100 to 1.0 W W L x x 0.12 1.18 1.0 to 2.5 x W W L x 1.18 2.94 2.5 to 10 x W W G L 2.94 11.76
>10 x x W G L 11.76 -
x Not available L Limited Availability
G Generally Available
W Widely Available
Key Design Variables Practical Considerations: Aluminum extrusions offer outstanding design flexibility … but there are some limitations
Alloy
Major Alloying Elements and Alloy Characteristics
1000 Series
Minimum 99% Aluminum High corrosion resistance. Excellent finishability. Easily joined by all methods. Low strength, poor machinability. Excellent workability. High electrical conductivity.
2000 Series
Copper High strength. Relatively low corrosion resistance. Excellent machinability. Heat treatable.
3000 Series
Manganese Low to medium strength. Good corrosion resistance. Poor machinability. Good workability.
4000 Series
Silicon Not available as extruded products
5000 Series
Magnesium Low to moderate strength. Excellent marine corrosion resistance. Very good weldability.
6000 Series
Magnesium & Silicon Most popular extrusion alloy class. Good strength. Good corrosion resistance. Good machinability. Good weldability. Good formability. Heat treatable.
7000 Series
Zinc Very high strength. Poor corrosion resistance. Good machinability. Heat treatable.
Typical Extrusion Tempers
Description
F Extruded and air cooled
O Fully annealed
H112 Strain-hardened; used for nonheat-treatable alloys
T1 Cooled from an elevated temperature/naturally aged
T4 Solution heat-treated and naturally aged
T5 Cooled from an elevated temperature/artificially aged
T6 Solution heat-treated and artificially aged
Key Design Variables - Alloys/Tempers
30
Aluminum extrusions can be produced in different alloys and processed to different tempers to achieve desired mechanical properties.
Broadest applicability
38
79
96
97
33
41
89
40
8xxx
7xxx
6xxx
5xxx
4xxx
3xxx
2xxx
1xxx
As of March, 2014, there were 513 Alloys Registered with the Aluminum Association. This does NOT include proprietary alloy variants.
© 2014 Rio Tinto Alcan. All Rights Reserved
31
Key Design Variables - Alloys
Key Design Variables - Alloys
Silicon (Si) Magnesium (Mg) Iron (Fe) Copper (Cu) Manganese (Mn) Chromium (Cr) Zinc (Zn) Total Alloying Elements % Aluminum
6063 0.40% 0.70% 0.18% 0.05% 0.05% 0.05% 1.43% 98.57
6061 0.60% 1.00% 0.35% 0.28% 0.05% 0.10% 2.38% 97.62
7004 0.13% 1.50% 0.18% 0.05% 0.45% 0.05% 4.20% 6.56% 93.44
Trace amounts matter!
Typical Alloy Composition
32
Any one alloy can have a variety of formulae e.g.: 6XXX alloy series
33
1.3
1.2
1.1
1.0
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2
% Si
% Mg
6082
6063 6060
6005A
6061
6063 6060
6082
6063 6060
6061
6005A
6061
6063
6061
6082
6063
6061
6005A
6082
6063
6061
6060
6005A
6082
6063
6061
Increasing strength
Key Design Variables - Alloys
Trim components Heat sinks Electronics housings Window/Façade systems
Auto Intrusion Beams Auto Chassis/Structural
Auto Chassis/Structural Solar racking systems Structural Architectural
Typical Applications
Key Design Variables - Alloys
34
Commonly Used Alloys
Typical for structural applications
Excellent for less structural / decorative
applications
Extrudability, i.e. Conversion Cost, will vary with chemistry S
treng
th**
(ksi
)
Extrudability index 0 50 100 150
Yield Tensile
3003
6060/63*
6082* 7020
7075
Al 99.5
6005A*
0
90
80
70
60
50
10
40
30
20
Key Design Variables - Alloys
35 * T6, except 6005A @ T61 **typical properties
Mild steel
Mild steel
Source: Rio Tinto Alcan
Conversion cost
Yield Strength
(min)
Surface Quality
Bending Machining (based on
chips, finish)
Joining Extrudability/Processing/
Cost
6060/63 25 ksi Excellent finish & corrosion resistance
Good in T6, VG in T1/T4
C B 100 - Superior extrudability, easy quench
6005A 38 ksi Superior corrosion resistance
Good in T6, VG in T1/T4
C : continuous chip, good finish
C 95 - Superior extrudability & quench vs. 6061/6082
6061 38 ksi Good corrosion resistance
Manageable in T6511, VG in T1/T4
C B 80 - Good extrudability, quench demanding
6082 38 ksi Good corrosion resistance
Manageable in T6511
C B 80 – Good extrudability, very quench demanding
7005 44 ksi Zn precludes good anodize Stress corrosion
Acceptable in T53
B : curled chip, good-exc. finish
D 50 - ½ speed; quench, special ageing
36
Source: Rio Tinto Alcan
Key Design Variables - Alloys
Key Design Variables - Alloys
37
37
Alloy selection can make this shape extremely challenging … or relatively straight forward
38
(Launched 2009)
Key Design Variables - Alloys There is usually more than one “right” answer
Lotus used profile geometry to offset a lower strength alloy
Key Design Variables - Geometry
39
The Language of Geometry: Shape Classifications (per Aluminum Association)
40
Solids
Semi-hollow
Hollows
Class I Class II
Class I (Balanced
round int. > 1”)
Class II (< 5”, > 0.11”)
Class III
Key Design Variables - Geometry
General Good Design Practices
41
• Balance walls • Avoid/minimize hollows • Generous tapers
Uniformity
This! This! Not this!
Not this!
Smooth Transitions
This! Not this!
This! Not this!
Symmetry
This! Not this!
• Practice symmetry/minimize asymmetrical detail
• Use grooves, webs, and ribs • Minimize perimeter/cross-section ratio
Enhance visual surfaces
This! Not this!
Key Design Variables - Geometry
Extrusion Design Hint Where possible, maintain consistent wall thickness
Key Design Variables - Geometry
42
This! Not this!
Extrusion Design Hint Screw slots are often simple to incorporate in the profile, with slots often eliminating the need for a more expensive hollow die (which also extrudes more slowly, further increasing costs)
Key Design Variables - Geometry
43
Not this! This!
Extrusion Design Hint Where possible, re-design the profile to reduce cost (e.g. single void hollow die with smoothed transitions vs. multiple void hollow die)
Key Design Variables - Geometry
44
Not this! This!
SOLID HOLLOW
1
2
3 4
5
7
6
45
Key Design Variables - Geometry
Complexity can be your friend For example, sometimes a “complex hollow die” will yield a superior solution. E.g.: LED light mount/heat sink
46
Designing in functionality Specific features can be designed into your extrusion to: • enhance joining to other extrusions or
other materials • Facilitate assembly • Provide added functionality, e.g.
heat dissipation • Enhance aesthetics, \etc.
Hinge detail “Christmas tree” for joining with
wood or plastic
Screw boss on leg
Groove to accept printed circuit cards
Groove for screw or rivet
Groove for rubber moulding
Drill groove
Slot for location of nut or bolthead
Screw boss Fluted surface for appearance
Groove to accept printed circuit cards
Dovetail assembly
Snap fit spring assembly
“Heat sink” cooling fin
Patterned surface for appearance
Key Design Variables - Geometry
Key Design Variables - Geometry
47
Unbroken aluminum frame
Outside 0°F
Aluminum frame with thermal barrier
Thermal barriers
Inside 70°F
Designing in functionality – design for thermal management as well
Key Design Variables - Geometry
What about Structure? Where Aluminum Structures Make Sense Members with complex cross sections Long clear spans Portable or moving structures Retrofitting existing structures
Structures in cryogenic environments Structures in corrosive environments Structures in seismically active environments
48 Source: TGB Partnership
Key Design Variables - Structural Design
49
2010 Aluminum Design Manual
• Now issued every 5 years • Latest edition is ADM 2010 • Previous editions in 2005, 2000 • 1st edition (1994) was compilation of several
AA pubs previously issued separately; most importantly, the Specification for Aluminum Structures (SAS)
• SAS – also called “the Aluminum Specification” -- is Part I of the ADM
• Chapter 20 of the IBC requires compliance with the SAS
• It’s the source of all aluminum structural design requirements in the US
Source: TGB Partnership
Key Design Variables - Structural Design
50
Aluminum Design Manual 2010 (ADM)
A major rewrite; a unified Specification with: – Allowable Strength Design - for buildings and bridges – Load and Resistance Factor Design - for buildings only - Load factors from ASCE 7 • General Provisions • Design Requirements • Design for Stability • Design of Members for Tension • Design of Members for Compression • Design of Members for Flexure • Design of Members for Shear • Design of Members for Combined Forces and Torsion • Design of Connections • Design for Serviceability • Fabrication and Erection
Appendix Testing Design for Fatigue Design for Fire Conditions Evaluation of Existing Structures Design of Braces for Columns and Beams New in 2010
The ADM format is similar to that of the AISC steel manual
Source: TGB Partnership
The local buckling mode is shown to the right. Note, that there is no translation at the folds, only rotation. The load factor is 0.10, so elastic critical local buckling (Pcrl) occurs at 0.10Py in this member.
51
Key Design Variables - Structural Design
Source: TGB Partnership
E.g.: Axial Compression
Fabrication & Assembly Extrusions can be machined, formed and assembled with a wide variety of familiar technologies. Yet some processes – particularly bending and welding – benefit from prior extrusion fabrication experience
Key Design Variables - Fabrication
52
Key Design Variables - Fabrication
53
Fabrication • Sawing • Punching/piercing/drilling • Machining • Bending • Welding • Milling • Tumbling
Key Design Variables - Fabrication
Aftermarket Light Bar • 6360 • Stretch bent in T4 over a
form
r=99”
54
Extrude
Quench
Stretch
Temper
Bend
Example: Aftermarket LED light bar (automotive)
• Anodizing: an electrochemical process that converts the aluminum surface into a decorative, durable, corrosion-resistant, anodic aluminum oxide finish.
Courtesy of PFOnline.com
• Painting: a variety of liquid or power resin formulations typically applied electrostatically in either horizontal or vertical paint lines.
55
Key Design Variables - Finishing
• Durability. Most anodized products have an extremely long life span and offer significant economic advantages through maintenance and operating savings.
• Ease of Maintenance. Scars and wear from general use (fabrication, handling, installation, frequent surface cleaning) are virtually nonexistent. Rinsing or mild soap-and-water cleaning usually will restore an anodized surface to its original appearance. Mild abrasive cleaners can be used for more difficult deposits.
• Color Stability. Exterior anodic coatings provide good stability to ultraviolet rays, do not chip or peel, and are easily repeatable.
Photos: the Aluminum Anodizers Council
Anodizing has significant benefits …
Key Design Variables - Finishing
56 … but limited aesthetic options
SPECIFICATIONS: Suggested Uses South Florida Exposure Color Retention Chalk Resistance Gloss Retention Erosion Resistance Dry Film Thickness Pretreatment System Accelerated Testing Salt Spray Humidity Color Uniformity
AAMA 2603* Voluntary Specification, Performance Requirement and Test Procedures for Pigmented Organic Coatings on Aluminum Extrusions and Panels Residential, All Interior Applications 1 Year 1 Year - Fade 1 Year – Chalk No Specification No Specification 0.80 mils minimum Chrome and Chrome Free 1,500 Hours 1,500 Hours Final Color Approval should be made with applicator prepared production lines samples
AAMA 2604* Voluntary Specification, Performance Requirement and Test Procedures for High Performance Organic Coatings on Aluminum Extrusions and Panels Commercial/Industrial, High-end Residential, High Traffic areas 5 Years 5 yrs. – Fade = 5 Delta E 5 yrs. – Chalk = 8 5 yrs. – 30% Retention 5 yrs. – 10% Loss 1.20 mils minimum Chrome and Chrome Free 3,000 Hours 3,000 Hours Final Color Approval should be made with applicator prepared production lines samples
AAMA 2605* Voluntary Specification, Performance Requirement and Test Procedures for Superior Performing Organic Coatings on Aluminum Extrusions and Panels High performance, Architectural and Monumental Applications 10 Years 10 yrs. – Fade = 5 Delta E 10 yrs. – Chalk = 8 (colors) 10 yrs. – Chalk = 6 (whites) 10 yrs. – 50% Retention 10 yrs. – 10% Loss 1.20 mils minimum (2-coats) Chrome = 40mg/sq. ft. 4,000 Hours 4,000 Hours Final Color Approval should be made with applicator prepared production lines samples
Key Design Variables - Finishing
57
Source: AAMA
AAMA Paint (Liquid & Powder) Specifications for Aluminum Extrusion Paint offers limitless colors, with a variety of specifications
Conclusion
Custom aluminum extrusions can provide a distinctive element for your next project
• They are lightweight, strong, corrosion
resistant, fully recyclable . . . a sustainable material.
• Fully using the variables of • Alloy • Geometry • Fabrication … & finishing
allows the creation of signature functional and aesthetic elements
• Sustainable aluminum extrusions contribute
positively to LCA and LEED material requirements.
58
For more Information
Additional Resources
• Utilize the Aluminum Extruders Council website (aec.org) for webinars or other key information
• Find an Extruder search • Extrusion Applications • Extrusion Design Resources • Sustainability Info • And more!
About AEC: The Aluminum Extruders Council (AEC) is an international trade association dedicated to advancing the effective use of aluminum extrusion in North America. AEC is committed to bringing comprehensive information about extrusion's characteristics, applications, environmental benefits, design and technology to users, product designers, engineers and the academic community. Further, AEC is focused on enhancing the ability of its members to meet the emerging demands of the market through sharing knowledge and best practices.
AEC Aluminum Extrusion Manual
(www.AECmanual.org)
AEC Buyers’ Guide (www.AECguide.org)
59
Engage an experienced extruder early on! • Capitalize on years of extrusion
design experience • Ensure that you have realistic
cost expectations • Understand the inevitable
tolerance trade-offs
60
Additional Resources
Thanks to Our Presenting Sponsor …
61
… and to all the members of AEC
To find an extruder: go to aec.org and choose “Find a Member”
ABC Aluminium Solutions Aerolite Extrusion Company Akzo Nobel Coatings Inc. Albarrie Canada Limited Alcoa Forgings and Extrusions Alcoa Primary Metals Alexandria Industries Alexin LLC Almag Aluminum Inc. Almex USA, Inc. Al-Taiseer Aluminium Factory Aluminio de Centro America Aluminium Bahrain B.S.C, Aluminium Products Co. Ltd. AMCOL Corporation APEL Extrusions Limited Apex Aluminum Extrusions Ltd. Arabian Extrusions Factory Astro Shapes Inc. A.t.i.e. uno Informatica SrL Azon USA Inc. BCI Surface Technologies Belco Industries Inc. Bonnell Aluminum Bowers Manufacturing Briteline Extrusions, Inc. Butech Bliss Cardinal Aluminum Co. CASTOOL Tooling Systems Cometal Engineering S.p.A. Compes International
Crown Extrusions Inc. Crystal Finishing Systems Inc. Custom Aluminum Products Inc. Dajcor Aluminum Ltd. Danieli Corporation Dienamex Drache USA Inc. Dubai Aluminium Co. Ltd. Emmebi ETS-Exco Tooling Solutions EXCO Extrudex Aluminum Ltd. Foy Inc. Frontier Aluminum Corp. Futura Industries Corp. Gateway Extrusions Ltd. General Extrusions Inc. Glencore Ltd. Granco Clark Inc. Gulf Extrusions Company LLC Houghton Metal Finishing Company Hulamin Extrusions Hydro Aluminum North America Inc. ILSCO Extrusions Inc. iNOEX LLC International Extrusions Jordan Aluminum Extrusions, LLC Kennametal Extrude Hone Corp. Keymark Aluminum Corporation Light Metals Corporation Magnode Corporation
Marx GmbH & Co. KG Matalco Inc. M-D Building Products Metal Exchange Corporation Metra Aluminum Inc. MI Metals Inc. Mid South Extrusion Die Co. Mid-States Aluminum Corp. Nanshan America Co. National Aluminium Ltd. Nizi International (U.S.) Inc. Noranda Aluminum Inc. Non-ferrous Extrusion Ohio Valley Aluminum Co. LLC OMAV S.p.A. PanAsia Aluminium Limited Peerless of America Inc. Penn Aluminum International Inc. Pennex Aluminum Company Postle Extrusion PPG Industries Inc. Presezzi Extrusion North America Pries Enterprises Inc. Profile Extrusion Co. Republic Chemical Co., Inc. Reliant Aluminum Products LLC Richardson Metals Rio Tinto Aluminum Division R.L. Best Company Sapa Extrusions Service Center Metals
Sierra Aluminum Silver City Aluminum Corp. SMS Meer Service Inc. Southeastern Extrusion & Tool, Inc. Spectra Aluminum Products Ltd. Spectrum Metal Finishing Inc. Superior Extrusion Inc. Taber Extrusions LLC Technoform Tecnoglass S.A. Tellkamp Systems Inc. Thumb Tool & Engineering Tower Extrusions, LLC Tri City Extrusion Inc. Tubelite Inc. Turla S.r.L. Ube Machinery Inc. Valspar Corporation Vidrieria 28 de Julio S.a.C. Vitex Extrusion Wagstaff Inc. Walgren Company WEFA Cedar Inc. Werner Co. Werner Extrusion Solutions, LLC Western Extrusions Corp. Whitehall Industries YKK AP America Inc. Youngstown Tool & Die Co. Inc.
www.sapagroup.com/NA
Questions?
Answering your questions:
62
www.sapagroup.com/NA
Scott Condreay Architectural Engineering Manager Sapa Extrusions North America [email protected]
Proper Use of the Presented Information The Aluminum Association (AA), Aluminum Extruders Council (AEC), the authors and contributors of this overview provide information and resources about aluminum products and aluminum-related technology as a service to interested parties. Such information is generally intended for users with a technical background and may be inappropriate for use by lay persons.
This presentation does NOT attempt to thoroughly discuss all load types, materials, profiles, design requirements, etc.
The purpose is to provide an overview of topics/issues to consider when utilizing aluminum extrusions for designs
Full understanding and adherence to the Aluminum Design Manual (Aluminum Association 2010) and all documents referenced by it is required for proper design
In all cases, users should not rely on this information without consulting original source material and/or undertaking a thorough scientific analysis with respect to their particular circumstances. Information presented here does not replace the independent judgment of the user or of the user’s company and/or employer.
AA AND AEC EXPRESSLY DISCLAIM ANY AND ALL GUARANTEES OR WARRANTIES WITH RESPECT TO THE INFORMATION PROVIDED HERE. AA AND AEC FURTHER DISCLAIM ANY LIABILITY IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR MISUSE OF ANY INFORMATION PROVIDED OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE OMISSION OF ANY INFORMATION.
Photos, Illustrations, Graphics used in this PowerPoint , unless otherwise noted are courtesy of: Aluminimm Centrum, Aluminum Anodizers Council, Akzo Nobel Coatings Inc./Bill Hanusek, CST Covers, Eduard Hueber, Gossamer Innovations, Hydro Aluminum North America Inc., Light Metal Age Magazine, MAADI Group, SAPA Extrusions, Schuco International, Scott Norsworthy, Skylne Solar, Werner Co., Werner Extrusion Solutions, LLC
63