creative industries in bandung & vernacular urban...

Creative Industries in Bandung & Vernacular Urban Settlement:The Governing Agencies

Wiwik D Pratiwi & Dhian DamajaniSchool of Architecture, Planning and Policy DevelopmentInstitute of Technology BandungINDONESIA

Presented by: Dhian Damajani

http://www.ar.itb.ac.id/wdp

Creative Industries in Bandung & Vernacular Urban Settlement: The Governing AgenciesWiwik D Pratiwi & Dhian DamajaniSchool of Architecture, Planning and Policy Development, Institute of Technology Bandung, INDONESIA.

This presentation considers creative industries, economic aThis presentation considers creative industries, economic activities which has ctivities which has attained international visibility in recent years. The city consattained international visibility in recent years. The city considered is idered is BANDUNG, the capital of West Java province, INDONESIA BANDUNG, the capital of West Java province, INDONESIA

INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

INDONESIA

JAVABandung


Fashion, film, television, theater, music, dance, visual arts, design, architecture, advertising, publishing, multimedia,informationtechnology

CREATIVE ECONOMY


Theoretical Framework


CREATIVE COMMUNITIES

Cultural Economy of Cities & Regions (Scott, 2000)

Creative Industries & Creative Cities (Landry, 2000)

Creative Class (Florida, 2002)



Creative Communites

Urban Vernacular

Agency


Urban life in local context always reflects the power constellation that operates in the State and global policy.

Different properties of power (State stability, economy, social welfare, role of industry, and people power) operates in an urban context will define the spatial expression of Urban Space. In other hand, Vernacularism and its characters (sporadic, self produced, absence of author and creator identity, free from any formal pressure) always model equal dialectic dialogue between people and all properties of Environment to mold specific characters of place.

URBAN VERNACULAR




The vernacular is what ordinary people do in their everyday lives.

The place of the urban vernacular – of architecture without architect and urban space without planning – is

the urban revision on exhibition.

The Urban Vernacular(Barbara Kirschenblatt-Gimblet 1999:19)




Informality embedded in the social structure of an economic system,

which can then become urban modes that link various urban activities

Urban Informality(Ananya Roy and Nezar Alsayyad; 2004)




Bandung: Historical Development



The Sleeping Beauty (1884)


Paradise in Exile (ca 1750)



Parijs van Java (1920)





The Garden of ALLAH (1921)


Europe in The Tropen (1930)


Art-Deco City (ca 1950)




CONTEMPORARY BANDUNG


Streets as Urban Living-RoomBandung: Historical Development


In the case of In the case of BandungBandung, a , a number of recent initiatives number of recent initiatives have attempted to promote have attempted to promote the city as a center of the city as a center of creative industries and creative industries and design, especially design design, especially design for fashion and garment. for fashion and garment.

These programs and institutions These programs and institutions are a byare a by--product of the product of the culturalcultural--economic economic maelstrom the city maelstrom the city confronted in the 1970s and confronted in the 1970s and 1980s, including 1980s, including deindustrialization and the deindustrialization and the crisis of crisis of FordismFordism, as well as , as well as free trade, globalization, free trade, globalization, and the rise of nationalism. and the rise of nationalism.


Bandung creative industries


The disciplinary effects of growing interurban competition were The disciplinary effects of growing interurban competition were also also important in the development of an important in the development of an interventionalistinterventionalist agenda agenda surrounding culture, illustrating how policy arenas evolve contisurrounding culture, illustrating how policy arenas evolve continuously nuously in conjunction with contextually specific economic and cultural in conjunction with contextually specific economic and cultural circumstances.circumstances.



T’shirt production

process


Creative industries in Bandung

Products embodying principles of Products embodying principles of “good design” for creative “good design” for creative industries as defined by the industries as defined by the design discipline are typically design discipline are typically seen as higher quality, longer seen as higher quality, longer lasting, or better looking. lasting, or better looking.

Alternatively, products or Alternatively, products or environments may be more environments may be more reliable, environmentally reliable, environmentally sustainable, or accessible. Such sustainable, or accessible. Such an activity shapes not only the an activity shapes not only the physical form, but also the physical form, but also the content and symbolic meanings of content and symbolic meanings of objects, and has become objects, and has become increasingly important in an era of increasingly important in an era of designdesign--led, informationled, information--rich, and rich, and cultural production.cultural production.



The institutional architecture that The institutional architecture that developed involves developed involves technologies of government, technologies of government, new discourses of new discourses of competitiveness and valuecompetitiveness and value--added production, and new added production, and new subjectivities. subjectivities.

Cultural institutions govern the Cultural institutions govern the behavior of a range of behavior of a range of agents, including agents, including manufacturers, designers, manufacturers, designers, consumers, students, consumers, students, educators, and retailers. educators, and retailers.

In particular, they offer incentives In particular, they offer incentives to engage in more to engage in more competitive and rational competitive and rational economic behavior on one economic behavior on one hand and more nationalist hand and more nationalist cultural behavior on the cultural behavior on the other.other.




Creative industries have Creative industries have assumed an increased assumed an increased importance to urban importance to urban economic development. economic development. However, little attention However, little attention has been paid to has been paid to accommodating the accommodating the complex set of complex set of activitiesactivities——both cultural both cultural and economicand economic——implicated in the implicated in the transformation of urban transformation of urban settlement. Recognition settlement. Recognition of this complexity, of this complexity, however, has significant however, has significant implications for policy.implications for policy.


The agencies


The agencies

•• The role played by public and nonprofit institutions, as agencieThe role played by public and nonprofit institutions, as agencies which s which regulating this sector is analyzed and explain their mechanisms regulating this sector is analyzed and explain their mechanisms for integrating for integrating commercial and aesthetic requirement. commercial and aesthetic requirement.

•• An examination of such initiatives lends insight into the opportAn examination of such initiatives lends insight into the opportunities and the unities and the challenges within policy realm for accommodating a conceptualizachallenges within policy realm for accommodating a conceptualization of tion of vernacular urban settlement and cultural industries that recognivernacular urban settlement and cultural industries that recognizes their zes their mixture characteristics. mixture characteristics.



The agencies & institution

The institutional arena is considered through an examination of The institutional arena is considered through an examination of the institutions and levels of government regulating the the institutions and levels of government regulating the creative industry in creative industry in BandungBandung, a sector which includes ‘, a sector which includes ‘sablonsablon’, ’, tt--shirt production, and fashion, as well as architectural urban shirt production, and fashion, as well as architectural urban planning and design.planning and design.



Policy for creative industriesDespite the innovative policy milieu that has emerged to support creative economy,

a number of challenges remain for the future. One of the problems is that initiatives have, for the most part, not fully

accommodated the hybrid nature of creative economy. Most policies target creative economy activities as a means of constructing a distinct

provincial culture or as a facilitator of economic regeneration and competitiveness.



Policy for creative industries

Existing institutional modalities continue to separate the cultuExisting institutional modalities continue to separate the cultural and ral and economic aspects of creative economy activities into discrete economic aspects of creative economy activities into discrete spheres. spheres.

More attention could be devoted to merging cultural and economicMore attention could be devoted to merging cultural and economicimperatives. We suggest the need for strategies that recognize timperatives. We suggest the need for strategies that recognize the he inherent value of cultural industries, strategies that nurture tinherent value of cultural industries, strategies that nurture their heir production at all stages along the chain and in all their forms,production at all stages along the chain and in all their forms, niche niche or massor mass--market. market.



Such strategies require a more enabling policy environment. Such strategies require a more enabling policy environment. Greater institutional dialogue and blurring of existing functionGreater institutional dialogue and blurring of existing functional al divisions of labor can better accommodate the divisions of labor can better accommodate the interdependence between economy and culture.interdependence between economy and culture.


Policy for creative industries


The institution for cultural & economic valuesThe emergence of a strong institutional The emergence of a strong institutional

base is a major reason for base is a major reason for prominence of creative economy in prominence of creative economy in urban political discourse in urban political discourse in BandungBandungand for the success of the creative and for the success of the creative economy sector in the city. economy sector in the city.

The institutional laboratory of The institutional laboratory of BandungBandungprovides a fertile background of policy provides a fertile background of policy experimentation in the field of urban experimentation in the field of urban cultural industries. Even though cultural industries. Even though economic imperatives have often economic imperatives have often occupied center stage, occupied center stage, BandungBandung is a is a scenario for the promotion of cultural scenario for the promotion of cultural values in relation to economic values. values in relation to economic values.



The institution and policy models

In its desire to construct a distinct In its desire to construct a distinct culture through the promotion of culture through the promotion of creative industries, the city has creative industries, the city has recognized the importance of both recognized the importance of both cultural and economic cultural and economic rationalities. rationalities.

While the economic and cultural While the economic and cultural conditions that gave rise to conditions that gave rise to Bandung’sBandung’s cultural policies were cultural policies were historically and geographically historically and geographically distinct, there are innovative policy distinct, there are innovative policy models here that could be models here that could be adapted by other jurisdictions, adapted by other jurisdictions, such as tax credits, art such as tax credits, art competitions, loans, and competitions, loans, and mechanisms for networking. mechanisms for networking.



EPILOGUE


In globalization era, it has become critically important for industries and cities to invest in creative economy and value-added production and to carve out a unique identity that cannot be duplicated in other locales.Creative economy is key to these competitive dynamics.


Thank YouThank You



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