crec research review · 2011-01-21 · growing our food, feed, fiber, fuel cover crop research at...
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Growing our food, feed, fiber, fuel
Cover Crops CREC Research Review
Ezra Aberle Agronomy Research Specialist
North Dakota State University
Carrington Research Extension Center
Growing our food, feed, fiber, fuel
Cover crop research at the CREC
New and continuing projects
1. Oat forage variety and regrowth
2. Brassica forages
3. Under seeded Annual forages
4. Field Pea relay cover crop
5. Cover crops after spring wheat
6. Inter seeded cover crops
7. “Precision” cover crops
8. Salinity cover crops
Photo courtesy of Susan Muske
Growing our food, feed, fiber, fuel
2003 Forage oat variety trial & regrowth
Photo courtesy of Charlie White First Cut Second Cut Total
Plant Yield Plant Yield Yield
Variety Height dry wt. Height dry wt. dry wt.
inches tons/ac inches tons/ac tons/ac
AC Assiniboia 43.5 3.24 18.1 0.33 3.58
Ebeltoft 39.5 3.19 17.1 0.34 3.53
Ensiler 46.4 3.12 17.9 0.25 3.38
Forage Plus 44.5 3.30 15.9 0.35 3.66
HiFi 40.7 3.07 18.8 0.38 3.46
Jerry 41.9 2.98 18.9 0.40 3.38
Killdeer 35.6 2.96 17.8 0.63 3.59
Loyal 43.9 3.20 18.0 0.31 3.51
Magnum 2000 48.0 2.59 21.7 0.23 2.81
Mammoth 53.3 3.19 16.8 0.19 3.38
Morton 42.5 3.01 20.3 0.51 3.51
ND001304 25.5 2.45 13.4 0.40 2.85
ND951394 42.0 2.53 19.6 0.29 2.82
ND960736 43.7 3.23 18.5 0.34 3.57
Paul 46.1 3.28 20.1 0.28 3.56
Sesqui 38.5 3.01 19.6 0.67 3.68
Triple Crown 47.0 3.34 17.0 0.26 3.59
Youngs 44.2 2.79 18.0 0.20 2.99
Mean 42.4 3.02 18.2 0.36 3.38
C.V.% 5.0 10.3 12.2 36.7 10.2
LSD.05 3.0 0.45 2.9 0.19 0.49
Growing our food, feed, fiber, fuel
2003 Brassica forage trial
Photo courtesy of Charlie White First Cut Second Cut Combined Total
Yield @ Yield Regrowth Yield @
Leaf
Yield
Root
Yield
Leaf
Yield
Root
Yield
Root
Yield
Variety Type 15% dry wt. Score 15% dry wt. dry wt. dry wt. dry wt. dry wt.
ton/ac ton/ac 1-9 ton/ac ton/ac ton/ac ton/ac ton/ac ton/ac
Barkant Turnip 1.75 1.49 4 0.25 0.21 0.17 1.70 0.17 1.87
Barnapoli Rape 2.23 1.89 0.5 . . . 1.89 . 1.89
Dwarf Essex Rape 1.62 1.38 2 . . . 1.62 . 1.62
Green Globe Turnip 1.86 1.58 6 0.68 0.58 0.35 2.28 0.35 2.63
Purple Top Turnip 1.96 1.67 9 0.76 0.65 1.02 2.32 1.02 3.04
Rangiora Rape 1.67 1.42 0.5 . . . 1.42 . 1.42
York Globe Turnip 1.60 1.36 7 0.74 0.63 1.23 1.99 1.23 3.22
Mean 1.81 1.54 4.1 0.61 0.52 0.69
C.V.% 24.3 24.3 29.2 24.9 24.9 24.6
LSD.05 NS NS 1.8 0.3 0.26 0.34
Planting Date, May 13
Previous Crop, Spring wheat
Harvest Dates, Harvest 1=August 6 Harvest 2=October 6
Regrowth score 0=no regrowth, 1= worst, 9= best
Flea beetle pressure was severe from emergence on, no insecticides were used
Comparison ranking of brassicas planted (order of greatest tolerance to flea beetle):
Crambe-Mustard-Kale-Turnip-Rape
Growing our food, feed, fiber, fuel
2003 Forage oats under seeded
Harvest 1 Harvest 2 Harvest 3 Total
Yield @ Yield Yield @ Yield Yield @ Yield Yield @ Yield
Forage Treatment 15% Dry Wt. 15% Dry Wt. 15% Dry Wt. 15% Dry Wt.
ton/ac ton/ac ton/ac ton/ac ton/ac ton/ac ton/ac ton/ac
Paul 2.89 2.46 0.62 0.53 . . 3.51 2.99
Paul/Barkant 2.70 2.30 1.11 0.95 0.89 0.75 4.70 4.00
Paul/Barnapoli 2.94 2.50 0.96 0.81 . . 3.90 3.31
Paul/Bernina 2.89 2.45 0.84 0.71 . . 3.73 3.16
Paul/Berninova 2.93 2.49 1.07 0.91 . . 4.00 3.40
Paul/Dwarf Essex 2.94 2.50 0.75 0.64 0.68 0.58 4.37 3.72
Paul/Green Spirit 2.79 2.37 0.94 0.80 1.07 0.91 4.80 4.08
Paul/Puna 2.87 2.44 0.84 0.71 . . 3.71 3.15
Paul/Purple top 2.94 2.50 0.92 0.78 . . 3.86 3.28
Paul/W.Rye 3.00 2.55 0.86 0.73 0.88 0.74 4.74 4.02
Paul/W.Spelt 2.75 2.34 0.61 0.52 0.72 0.61 4.08 3.47
Paul/W.Triticale 2.99 2.54 0.96 0.82 0.62 0.52 4.57 3.88
Paul/W.Wheat 2.90 2.46 0.81 0.69 0.88 0.75 4.59 3.90
Mean 2.88 2.45 0.87 0.74 0.82 0.69 4.20 3.57
C.V.% 7.1 7.1 18.1 18.1 24.2 24.2
LSD.05 NS NS 0.23 0.19 0.35 0.30
Growing our food, feed, fiber, fuel
Field pea relay cover crops
2008
Field
Cover Crop
Biomass
(lb/ac)
Percent N
(%)
Total N
(lb/ac)
14B 3026 4.3 130
14A 1582 4.0 63
12 1877 3.7 69
Growing our food, feed, fiber, fuel
Field pea relay cover crops
2008-2009 Trial
Growing our food, feed, fiber, fuel
2010 USDA Cover crop trial
Photo courtesy of Charlie White
Cover crop above ground dry matter
(lb/ac)
Trt # Cover Crop treatment Type of cover crop October 4 2010 November 5 2010
1 Black lentil cool season legume 123 117
2 Oat cool season grass 430 340
3 Millet warm season grass 31 38
4 Cowpea warm season legume 18 17
5 radish cool season broadleaf 209 187
6 Mix 1 (Black lentil, Oat, Millet, Cowpea, Radish) diverse mixture 223 230
7 Mix 2 (Corn, Millet) warm season mixture 42 -
8 Mix 3 (Millet, Grain Sorghum) warm season mixture 32 -
9 Mix 4 (Black lentil, Flax, Cowpea, Rape, Chickling vetch) diverse mixture 211 -
10 Mix 5 (Black lentil, Flax, Cowpea, Chickling vetch) diverse mixture 188 -
11 No cover crop - - -
No/little gain in dry matter from October to November in 2010 - cold weather and one snowfall
Growing our food, feed, fiber, fuel
Interseed into
Row crops
Broadcast into Soybeans Drilled between corn rows
Photos courtesy of
Susan Muske
Growing our food, feed, fiber, fuel
Interseeding
Timing
– V5 corn
– Soybeans just prior to leaf drop
Method
– Drilled
– Broadcast
– Aerial seeding Photos courtesy of Susan Muske
Growing our food, feed, fiber, fuel
New project: “Precision” Cover crops
• Cover crops perform
across a toposequence
• Frequency of cover crops
• Collaborative project:
• SDSU
•Stutsman County SCD,
•Burleigh County SCD
Photo courtesy of Ron Wiederholt
Summit
Backslope
Toeslope Toposequence
Growing our food, feed, fiber, fuel
2010 Salinity Cover crop demonstration
Legumes Broadleaves Grasses
Perennial Annual Annual Annual
Warm Warm Cool Cool Warm Cool Warm
Trt Cro
wn
vet
ch
Hair
y v
etch
Bir
dsf
oot
tref
oil
Sw
eet
clover
Join
t V
etch
Hu
bam
clo
ver
Ber
seem
Clo
ver
Per
sian
Clo
ver
Ses
ban
ia s
eed
Bla
ck l
enti
l
Fie
ld P
eas
Blu
e L
up
in
Cam
elin
a
Mu
stard
Can
ola
D
warf
Ess
ex
Rap
e
Rad
ish
Pasj
a
Tu
rnip
Su
garb
eet
Yel
low
man
gle
R
ed m
am
oth
man
gle
Bu
ckw
hea
t
Su
nfl
ow
er
Barl
ey
An
nu
al
Ry
egra
ss
Gra
in s
org
hu
m
Sw
eet
sorg
hu
m
Sorg
hu
m-
sud
an
gra
ss
Tef
f R
ed P
roso
Mil
let
Jap
an
ese
Mil
let
1 X
2 X
3 X
4 X
5 X
6 X
7 X
8 X
9 X
10 X
11 X
12 X
13 X
14 X
15 X
16 X
17 X
18 X
19 X
20 X
21 X X
22 X X X X
23 X X X X X
24 X X X X X X
25 X X X X X X
Growing our food, feed, fiber, fuel
2010 Salinity Cover crop demonstration