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Credit Investor Presentation June, 2017

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Page 1: Credit Investor Presentation - Caverion Group · Company presentation February 2017 . 2016 figures . Caverion designs, Disciplines . builds, operates and maintains user-friendly and

Credit Investor Presentation

June, 2017

Page 2: Credit Investor Presentation - Caverion Group · Company presentation February 2017 . 2016 figures . Caverion designs, Disciplines . builds, operates and maintains user-friendly and

Disclaimer STRICTLY PRIVATE AND CONFIDENTIAL: NOT FOR RELEASE, PUBLICATION OR DISTRIBUTION IN THE UNITED STATES, AUSTRALIA, CANADA, HONG KONG, JAPAN OR SINGAPORE OR TO THE PUBLIC

IMPORTANT: You must read the following before continuing. The following applies to this presentation, the oral presentation of the information in this presentation by Caverion Corporation (“Caverion”) or any person on behalf of Caverion, and any question-and-answer session that follows the oral presentation (collectively, the “presentation”). In accessing the presentation, you agree to be bound by the following terms and conditions.

The presentation is confidential and may not be reproduced, redistributed, published or passed on to any other person, directly or indirectly, in whole or in part, for any purpose. This document may not be removed from the premises. If this document has been received in error it must be returned immediately to Caverion.

This presentation does not constitute an offer of any securities of Caverion and the information contained herein shall not constitute an offer to sell, or an invitation to or solicitation of an offer to subscribe for or buy, any securities of Caverion. This presentation has not been approved by any regulatory authority and nothing herein shall form the basis of for any contract or commitment whatsoever. This presentation is an advertisement and does not constitute a prospectus for the purposes of the Prospectus Directive (as defined below).

This presentation is not an offer of securities for sale in the United States and securities may not be offered or sold in the United States absent registration or an exemption from registration; any public offering of securities to be made in the United States would be made by means of a prospectus that may be obtained from the issuer and that would contain detailed information about the issuer and management, as well as financial statements. This presentation may not be viewed by persons within the United States or “U.S. Persons” (as defined in Regulation S under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended). By accessing the presentation, you represent that you are a non-U.S. person that is outside the United States.

This presentation is only addressed to and directed at persons in member states of the European Economic Area (the “EEA”), who are “Qualified Investors” within the meaning of Article 2(1)(e) of the Prospectus Directive. The securities referred to herein are only available to, and any invitation, offer or agreement to subscribe, purchase or otherwise acquire such securities will be engaged in only with Qualified Investors. This presentation should not be acted upon or relied upon in any member state of the EEA by persons who are not Qualified Investors. For the purposes of this provision the expression “Prospectus Directive” means Directive 2003/71/EC (and amendments thereto, including the 2010 PD Amending Directive, to the extent implemented in the Relevant Member State), and includes any relevant implementing measure in the Relevant Member State and the expression “2010 PD Amending Directive” means Directive 2010/73/EU.

This presentation does not constitute an offer of securities to the public in the United Kingdom. Consequently, this presentation is directed only at (i) persons who are outside the United Kingdom or (ii) persons who have professional experience in matters relating to investments falling within Article 19(5) of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Financial Promotion) Order 2005 (the “Order”), (iii) high net worth entities falling within Article 49(2) of the Order, (iv) and other persons to whom it may lawfully be communicated (all such persons together being referred to as “relevant persons”). Any investment activity to which this presentation relates will only be available to, and will only be engaged with, relevant persons. Any person who is not a relevant person should not act or rely on this presentation or any of its contents.

This presentation is prepared only for the purpose of confidential and preliminary discussions between Caverion and Nordea Bank AB (publ), OP Corporate Bank plc and Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken AB (publ) (the “Joint Lead Managers”) and certain institutional investors. This presentation may not be relied upon as legal, financial or investment advice and is provided merely for informational purposes to provide general knowledge of Caverion’s operations. The information contained in this presentation has not been independently verified and no representation or warranty, express or implied, is made or given by or on behalf of Caverion or any of the Joint Lead Managers, or any of their respective members, directors, officers or employees or any other person as to, and no reliance should be made upon, the accuracy, completeness or fairness of the information or opinions contained in this presentation or any information discussed orally in connection with the presentation. None of Caverion, any of the Joint Lead Managers, or any of their respective members, directors, officers or employees or any other person accepts any liability whatsoever for any loss howsoever arising from any use of this presentation or its contents or otherwise arising in connection therewith.

The presentation may contain forward-looking statements. All statements other than statements of historical fact included in the presentation are forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements give Caverion’s current expectations and projections relating to its financial condition, results of operations, plans, objectives, future performance and business. These statements may include, without limitation, any statements preceded by, followed by or including words such as “target,” “believe,” “expect,” “aim,” “intend,” “may,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “plan,” “project,” “will,” “can have,” “likely,” “should,” “would,” “could” and other words and terms of similar meaning or the negative thereof. Such forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other important factors beyond Caverion’s control that could cause Caverion’s actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from the expected results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Such forward-looking statements are based on numerous assumptions regarding Caverion’s present and future business strategies and the environment in which it will operate in the future, involve elements of subjective judgment and analysis and are based upon the best judgment of Caverion as of the date of this presentation.

No representation or warranty is given as to the fairness, accuracy, completeness, achievement or reasonableness of, and no reliance should be made on, any projections, estimates, forecasts, targets, prospects, returns, opinions and/or information contained in this presentation. Caverion does not give any undertaking, and is under no obligation, to update such forward-looking statements for events or circumstances that occur or arise subsequent to the date of this presentation or to update and keep current the information contained herein and this presentation does not constitute a representation by Caverion that it will do so.

The information and opinions contained in this presentation or in oral statements of the representatives of Caverion are provided as at the date of this presentation or as at any other date if indicated and are subject to change without notice. No reliance may be placed for any purpose whatsoever on the information contained in this presentation on such oral statements or on assumptions made as to its completeness.

By accepting this presentation, you will be deemed to have acknowledged and agreed to the matters set forth above.

THIS DOCUMENT DOES NOT DISCLOSE ALL THE RISKS AND OTHER SIGNIFICANT ISSUES RELATED TO INVESTMENT IN ANY POTENTIAL ISSUE OF SECURITIES. PRIOR TO MAKING ANY INVESTMENT IN ANY POTENTIAL ISSUE OF SECURITIES, POTENTIAL INVESTORS SHOULD ENSURE THAT THEY FULLY UNDERSTAND THE TERMS OF ANY SUCH SECURITIES AND ANY APPLICABLE RISKS.

This presentation is strictly confidential to the recipient and may under no circumstances be distributed, reproduced or passed on, in whole or in part, to any other person for any purpose.

Credit Investor Presentation June 2017 2

Page 3: Credit Investor Presentation - Caverion Group · Company presentation February 2017 . 2016 figures . Caverion designs, Disciplines . builds, operates and maintains user-friendly and

Credit Investor Presentation June 2017 3

Company representatives

Martti Ala-Härkönen CFO

Ari Lehtoranta President and CEO

Paula Vesanto Group Treasurer

Page 4: Credit Investor Presentation - Caverion Group · Company presentation February 2017 . 2016 figures . Caverion designs, Disciplines . builds, operates and maintains user-friendly and

Credit Investor Presentation June 2017 4

Contents

1. Business overview

2. Strategy and key credit highlights

3. Financials overview

4. Financing and capital structure

5. Hybrid transaction

6. Appendix

Page 5: Credit Investor Presentation - Caverion Group · Company presentation February 2017 . 2016 figures . Caverion designs, Disciplines . builds, operates and maintains user-friendly and

Business overview

Page 6: Credit Investor Presentation - Caverion Group · Company presentation February 2017 . 2016 figures . Caverion designs, Disciplines . builds, operates and maintains user-friendly and

We are a leading European service company

6

17,000 employees

EUR 2.4 billion revenue

Headquartered in Helsinki, Finland 12 countries

30,000 spaces in service

6.3 Work safety,

LTIFR

Listed on Nasdaq Helsinki

93 % ISO 14001

Services 48% Project

52%

Germany 22%

Sweden 20%

Denmark-Norway

19%

Industrial Solutions

16%

Finland 14%

Austria 6%

Eastern Europe

3 %

Revenue by division

Revenue by business

unit

Company presentation February 2017

2016 figures

Disciplines Caverion designs, builds, operates and maintains user-friendly and energy-efficient solutions for buildings, infrastructure and industrial plants

EUR 15.6 million EBITDA1

2.8x Net debt / EBITDA2

1 excl. restructuring costs

2 In connection with the financing arrangement agreed on December 22, 2016, Caverion and its lending parties confirmed the EBITDA calculation principles related to the Group’s financial covenant (Net Debt/EBITDA). The Net Debt/EBITDA for 2016 has been calculated accordingly.

Page 7: Credit Investor Presentation - Caverion Group · Company presentation February 2017 . 2016 figures . Caverion designs, Disciplines . builds, operates and maintains user-friendly and

Technical Maintenance ° Small and mid size maintenance

agreements ° Single or multiple technologies ° E.g. ServiFlex and ServiFlex+

agreements ° Some 25,000 agreements

Managed Services ° At its widest form Managed Life Cycle

Solutions ° Executed by Caverion or our

subcontractors ° Some 100 agreements

Credit Investor Presentation June 2017 7

Business units: Services and Projects

Technical Installation ° ≤ EUR 5 million small and mid

size projects ° Single or multiple technologies ° Some 3,000 projects

Large Projects ° Contract size > EUR 5m ° Integrated solutions with customisation ° Life Cycle focus ° Some 50 projects of this type

Number of competitors Barriers of entry, complexity, margin potential, risk level

13%

35%

33%

19%

Revenue split in 2016

Serv

ices

Pr

ojec

ts

Page 8: Credit Investor Presentation - Caverion Group · Company presentation February 2017 . 2016 figures . Caverion designs, Disciplines . builds, operates and maintains user-friendly and

Elements of growth towards Services and Life Cycle Solutions

Credit Investor Presentation June 2017 8

Life Cycle Solutions ° Covers the whole life cycle

° Includes design, installation of building systems, operation, maintenance as well as renovation throughout the contract period

° Maintenance period of up to 20-25 years against a fixed monthly fee in PPP projects

° Investment phase typically run in a consortium

Technical Maintenance ° Fixed price preventive maintenance contract ° Add-on corrective maintenance

(“ad-hoc”) ° Small improvement projects

(“service projects”)

Managed Services ° Medium-term contracts to optimally manage the

disciplines, systems and processes in commercial, industrial and residential buildings or uptime for industrial production lines.

° Including both hard services and sometimes some contracted soft services sourced from a third party

Projects

Services

Technical Installations ° Renovations and new buildings,

may include one or several disciplines ° Technical design is done by the client, or

his representative ° Responsibility for Project Execution

Large Projects ° Proactively sold Large Projects with Total

Technical Solutions to secure optimal outcome of integrated disciplines

° Typically include Advisory Services, Design & Engineering, Project Management and Project Execution

° Responsibility for project fulfilment

Page 9: Credit Investor Presentation - Caverion Group · Company presentation February 2017 . 2016 figures . Caverion designs, Disciplines . builds, operates and maintains user-friendly and

Credit Investor Presentation June 2017 9

Some examples of our clients Broad and diversified client base

AstraZeneca, Sweden

Metsä Fibre, Pulp Mills Finland

National courthouse Viborg, Denmark

TOTAL Refinery Leuna, Germany

Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Sweden

"Marine Façade”, passenger port of St. Petersburg Russia

Managed Services Technical maintenance

Managed Operations

Valio, Vantaa, Finland Palais Quartier Frankfurt a. M., Germany

DC Tower Vienna, Austria

Project Execution

Outokumpu Tornio, Finland

Industrial Installations Managed Life Cycle

Söderhamn municipality, Sweden

Energy Performance contracting

Design & Engineering, Project Management & Execution

Knowledge Centre, St. Olav’s Hospital Trondheim, Norway

Page 10: Credit Investor Presentation - Caverion Group · Company presentation February 2017 . 2016 figures . Caverion designs, Disciplines . builds, operates and maintains user-friendly and

Strategy and key credit highlights

Page 11: Credit Investor Presentation - Caverion Group · Company presentation February 2017 . 2016 figures . Caverion designs, Disciplines . builds, operates and maintains user-friendly and

Our strategy

11 Credit Investor Presentation June 2017

We are a leading European

provider of advanced and sustainable life cycle solutions for buildings and industries.

Profitability (EBITDA) over 6% of

revenue

Average annual revenue growth > 10%

Negative working capital

Increasing profits

Profitable growth

Innovative and advanced solutions

We design, build, operate and maintain user-friendly and energy-efficient solutions for buildings, infrastructure and industrial plants.

Step ahead + Cooperation + Responsibility + High performance

Vision

Financial targets

Strategic focus areas

Mission

Values

Operational excellence

Strong company image

Excellent leadership

1. Megatrends drive our strategy

3. Closer cooperation with clients

2. Developed business mix to drive profitable growth

Reaching our strategic targets

Page 12: Credit Investor Presentation - Caverion Group · Company presentation February 2017 . 2016 figures . Caverion designs, Disciplines . builds, operates and maintains user-friendly and

Megatrends support the future demand of our business

Positive market sentiment and short-term demand prospects in key markets

Strong market position in Central and Northern Europe

Diversified client base provides hedge from economic cycles

Growing service business performing well Actions implemented to improve project business profitability

Credit Investor Presentation June 2017 12

Key credit highlights

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

Page 13: Credit Investor Presentation - Caverion Group · Company presentation February 2017 . 2016 figures . Caverion designs, Disciplines . builds, operates and maintains user-friendly and

Megatrends support the future demand of our business

Credit Investor Presentation June 2017 13

◦ Built environment data is managed over the whole lifecycle ◦ All built environments will have an IP address ◦ Availability of real time data in built environments

◦ Tightening legislation relating to energy efficiency ◦ Diversified energy production, growth of renewable energy sources and need for energy balancing ◦ Increasing demand for energy-efficient solutions

◦ Technology in built environments currently accounts for 40−60% of total initial investment costs ◦ Built environments require expertise in integration of technologies ◦ Conditions of built environments are based on preventive measures as well as on actual needs

◦ Urban centers currently occupy less than 5% of the world’s landmass, consume over two-thirds of the energy, and are responsible for over 70% of CO2 emissions.

◦ Needs for necessary infrastructure (water, sanitation, energy, information, transportation, tunnels) ◦ Smart cities require innovative solutions

Growing digitalisation

Improving energy efficiency

Increasing technology

Continuing urbanisation

1.

Page 14: Credit Investor Presentation - Caverion Group · Company presentation February 2017 . 2016 figures . Caverion designs, Disciplines . builds, operates and maintains user-friendly and

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

Finland SwedenGermany DenmarkAustria

60

70

80

90

100

110

120

130

Finland SwedenGermany DenmarkAustria

Lead indicators for Caverion countries Economic indicators suggest favourable market environment going forward

14

ECONOMIC SENTIMENT INDICATOR (1/2007 – 3/2017) CONSTRUCTION CONFIDENCE INDICATOR (1/2007 – 3/2017)

Long-term

average

Long-term

average

Note: Mean-adjusted figures

Credit Investor Presentation June 2017 Source: European Commission, April 2017

2.

Page 15: Credit Investor Presentation - Caverion Group · Company presentation February 2017 . 2016 figures . Caverion designs, Disciplines . builds, operates and maintains user-friendly and

Short-term demand prospects Demand prospects positive, particularly in the Service businesses

Credit Investor Presentation June 2017 15 Sources: Caverion annual report 2016, based on Euroconstruct data and management estimates

2.

Page 16: Credit Investor Presentation - Caverion Group · Company presentation February 2017 . 2016 figures . Caverion designs, Disciplines . builds, operates and maintains user-friendly and

Strong market position in Central and Northern Europe Caverion well-positioned in growing markets

16

*) 2015 figure

Source: Company information, Caverion

750

798

1,116

1,564

2,364

2,909

5,145

Assemblin*

Coor

Strabag Property and Facility Services*

Bravida

Caverion

Apleona*

SPIE

Total revenue of Caverion’s main competitors EUR million, 2016

#5

#5

#1 #3

#2

#2

Credit Investor Presentation June 2017

3.

Page 17: Credit Investor Presentation - Caverion Group · Company presentation February 2017 . 2016 figures . Caverion designs, Disciplines . builds, operates and maintains user-friendly and

Diversified client base provides hedge from economic cycles

Low customer concentration supporting business stability ° Caverion is not

dependent on individual clients

° In 2016, the three largest clients represented <7% of our revenue and the ten largest <14%

Credit Investor Presentation June 2017 17

13%

33%

13%

27%

16%

Public

Industry

Real estate investors anddevelopersReal estate users

General contractors

Revenue breakdown by client segments in 2016

14%

86%

Top 10 largest clientsOthers

Client concentration in 2016 (% of revenue)

Five main client segments ° Dependency on

economic cycles is reduced through various client groups in the private and public sectors

° Geographically extensive presence in 12 countries

Thousands of clients representing all sizes of businesses and organisations

4.

Page 18: Credit Investor Presentation - Caverion Group · Company presentation February 2017 . 2016 figures . Caverion designs, Disciplines . builds, operates and maintains user-friendly and

Growing service business performing well

Credit Investor Presentation June 2017 18

10,000 Employees in

Services

EUR 1.1 billion revenue

in 2016

1,000,000 Service orders

annually

30,000 spaces in service

28% Managed Services of

total Services

250 Service locations

5,500 Service cars

5,000 Mobile tools in

use

263 281 267 320 293

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1

Services revenue EUR million 2016: 1,131

° Demand for Technical Maintenance and Managed Services is expected to remain strong. As technology in buildings increases, the need for new services and the demand for Life Cycle Solutions are expected to increase

° Services business revenue grew organically by 11.5% in Q1/2017, while in Projects revenue declined by 2.8% (y-o-y)

° Share of service business over 50% of total revenue in Q1/2017

° Services business continues to perform well

5.

2017

Page 19: Credit Investor Presentation - Caverion Group · Company presentation February 2017 . 2016 figures . Caverion designs, Disciplines . builds, operates and maintains user-friendly and

Actions implemented to improve project business profitability

Actions completed in Q1/2017

19

Further improvement actions in Q2/2017

Credit Investor Presentation June 2017

6.

° New Projects business unit on Group level ° Improved analysis of risk

projects and enhanced project portfolio analysis

° Strengthened bidding and steering ° Decision authorisation model

improved and tender margin requirements increased

° New monthly steering model introduced to all organisation levels

° Mandatory project manager trainings to be rolled out

° Improved steering and performance management ° Focus on up-to-date project

business KPIs and forecasting ° Improved steering and risk

management ° Early warning mechanisms

° Roll-out of updated Project Management Guidelines

° Common PM-tool selection

Page 20: Credit Investor Presentation - Caverion Group · Company presentation February 2017 . 2016 figures . Caverion designs, Disciplines . builds, operates and maintains user-friendly and

Financials

Page 21: Credit Investor Presentation - Caverion Group · Company presentation February 2017 . 2016 figures . Caverion designs, Disciplines . builds, operates and maintains user-friendly and

563 638

574

668

561 616 582 606 582

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1

Revenue development

Credit Investor Presentation June 2017 21

° Revenue was EUR 582.3 (560.6) million in Q1/2017, growth of 3.9%

° Services business revenue grew by 11.5%, while in Projects revenue declined by 2.8% (y-o-y)

° Share of service business over 50% of total revenue

° Revenue growth strong in Industrial Solutions, Finland and Denmark-Norway

° Project write-downs still affecting revenue in Germany

° Order backlog increased by 9.6% from the end of last year, but decreased by 2.9% from Q1/2016

° A stricter project tendering process implemented since Q2/2016

2015: 2,443 2016: 2,364 2017

Growth of 3.9% in Q1/2017 – Services business +11.5%

1,392 1,393

1,477 1,461

1,589 1,554

1,451 1,408

1,544

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1

Group revenue EUR million

Order backlog EUR million

2017 2016 2015

Page 22: Credit Investor Presentation - Caverion Group · Company presentation February 2017 . 2016 figures . Caverion designs, Disciplines . builds, operates and maintains user-friendly and

° EBITDA EUR 6.8 million for Q1/2017 (Q1/2016: 11.5) ° EBITDA margin 1.2 (2.0)% ° Revenue-adjusted cost savings from personnel and

other operating expenses totalled EUR 8.0m (Q1/2016 vs. Q1/2017)

° Q1 EBITDA affected by project write-downs totalling EUR 5.7 (0.0) million ° Related to the project portfolio mainly in divisions

Industrial Solutions and Germany ° Negative forecast changes and write-downs to earlier

identified risk projects

° No restructuring costs in Q1/2017

Credit Investor Presentation June 2017 22

EBITDA turning positive − Still affected by project write-downs

14.2

22.0 21.3

34.0

11.5

-14.4

13.8

-22.2

6.8 2.5 %

3.4 % 3.7 % 5.1 %

2.0 %

-2.3 %

2.4 %

-3.7 %

1.2 %

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1

EBITDA, EUR millionEBITDA margin, %

1−12/2015: 91.5 (3.7%) 1−12/2016: -11.4 (-0.5%) 2017

Page 23: Credit Investor Presentation - Caverion Group · Company presentation February 2017 . 2016 figures . Caverion designs, Disciplines . builds, operates and maintains user-friendly and

-15.8 -7.1

14.4

87.6

0.8

-6.3 -14.2

73.6

-28.8 -32.6 -38.8

28.0

-18.5

3.1 5.2 4.3 10.8 7.3 5.5 5.0 9.0 7.1

17.3 7.6 6.1 5.0

Cash flow and investments

Credit Investor Presentation June 2017 23

° Cash flow seasonally strong particularly in Q4 ° Service business volume and invoicing

higher in the fourth quarter

° Completion of projects towards year end

° Free cash flow negative but improving by EUR 10.3m year-on-year ° Free cash flow EUR -18.5m (-28.8) in

Q1/2017

° Free cash flow partly improved by the lower level of investments

° Capital expenditure (incl. acquisitions) totalled EUR 5.0m (7.1) in Q1/2017 ° IT investments: EUR 4.2m (5.1) ° Other investments, incl. acquisitions: EUR

0.8m (2.0)

-11.1

4.1 20.5

100.0

9.8 1.8

-8.9

83.1

-18.8 -12.3 -26.6

35.2

-12.1

Operating cash flow before financial and tax items, EUR million

Capex, EUR million Free cash flow, EUR million

Q1/14 Q2/14 Q3/14 Q4/14 Q1/15 Q2/15 Q3/15 Q4/15 Q1/16 Q2/16 Q3/16 Q4/16 Q1/17

Free cash flow = Operating cash flow before financial and tax items – Taxes paid – Net cash used in investing activities (net, including acquisitions and disposals)

Q1/14 Q2/14 Q3/14 Q4/14 Q1/15 Q2/15 Q3/15 Q4/15 Q1/16 Q2/16 Q3/16 Q4/16 Q1/17

Page 24: Credit Investor Presentation - Caverion Group · Company presentation February 2017 . 2016 figures . Caverion designs, Disciplines . builds, operates and maintains user-friendly and

° Working capital was EUR 17.3 (3/2016: 15.6) million at the end of March 2017

° POC receivables amounted to EUR 291.0 million (3/2016: 284.0) at the end of March 2017

° Trade receivables increased by EUR 8.6 million from Q1/2016, impacted by revenue growth, and amounted to EUR 313.4 million (3/2016: 304.8) at the end of March 2017

° Working capital still tied in a few challenging risk projects

Credit Investor Presentation June 2017 24

Financial target: Negative working capital

100

120

44

63

47 48

-21 -15

6

34

-15

16 15

56

-3

17

4% 5%

2% 2%

2% 2%

-1% -1% 0%

1%

-1%

1% 1%

2%

0% 1%

Working capital, EUR millionWorking capital to sales, % (LTM)

Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Page 25: Credit Investor Presentation - Caverion Group · Company presentation February 2017 . 2016 figures . Caverion designs, Disciplines . builds, operates and maintains user-friendly and

Remaining project performance risks still about EUR 20 million

° After write-downs of EUR 5.7m in Q1/2017, the total project performance risks for the full year may be over EUR 5 million higher than earlier anticipated.

Risks related to overdue trade receivables up to EUR 10m ° No write-downs in overdue trade receivables in Q1/2017 ° Full-year maximum risk slightly lower than earlier anticipated

Full-year utilisation risk up to EUR 10m ° Risk for the full year should not exceed the level above. ° No restructuring costs in Q1/2017. However, Caverion announced

performance and utilisation improvement actions in Sweden on May 29 ° Expected restructuring costs of approx. EUR 6.3 million and estimated total

savings impact of approx. EUR 2.7 million in 2017 and EUR 5.5 million in 2018

Company Presentation May 2017 25

Status update on key operational risk areas for 2017

Page 26: Credit Investor Presentation - Caverion Group · Company presentation February 2017 . 2016 figures . Caverion designs, Disciplines . builds, operates and maintains user-friendly and

Guidance for 2017 and strategic financial targets

Credit Investor Presentation June 2017 26

2016 (actual) ° Revenue growth: -3.2% ° EBITDA margin (excl. restructuring

costs): 0.7% ° Working capital: EUR -2.6m

Strategic financial targets ° Revenue growth: > 10% average annual

growth ° EBITDA margin: > 6% ° Working capital: negative New timeline for the reaching the targets will be given later.

Guidance for 2017* ° Revenue: will remain at the previous

year's level in 2017 (2016: EUR 2,364 million)

° EBITDA excl. restructuring costs: will more than double in 2017 (2016: EUR 15.6 million)

Revenue ° Focus on Services with a higher growth

profile and stable earnings contribution ° Selectivity in Projects, actions from

tendering to execution to secure profitability improvement

° Focus on Life Cycle Solutions

Profitability ° Profitability improvement from

restructuring and fixed cost reduction ° Stricter project tendering process ° Increased tender margin requirement

and focus towards higher margin potential

° Increasing procurement and administrative efficiency

Working capital ° Focus on efficient invoicing and working

capital management ° Provides flexibility to manage the other

two financial targets

*Given February 7, 2017

Key actions supporting achievement of strategic financial targets

Page 27: Credit Investor Presentation - Caverion Group · Company presentation February 2017 . 2016 figures . Caverion designs, Disciplines . builds, operates and maintains user-friendly and

Financing and capital structure overview

Page 28: Credit Investor Presentation - Caverion Group · Company presentation February 2017 . 2016 figures . Caverion designs, Disciplines . builds, operates and maintains user-friendly and

Liquidity and leverage (March 31, 2017)

Credit Investor Presentation June 2017 28

25

119

Unused creditfacilitiesCash and cashequivalents

Liquidity reserve EUR 144 million at the end of March 2017, EUR million

104

143 132

50 50 85

102

30 59

131 170

146 165

1.5x

2.4x 2.3x

0.7x 0.7x 0.9x 1.1x

0.3x 0.7x

2.1x 2.8x 2.8x

3.7x

0.0x

1.0x

2.0x

3.0x

4.0x

5.0x

6.0x

Q1/14 Q2/14 Q3/14 Q4/14 Q1/15 Q2/15 Q3/15 Q4/15 Q1/16* Q2/16* Q3/16* Q4/16**Q1/17**

Net debt (EURm) Net debt/EBITDA (12m)

124 165

65 25

Long-term borrowings Short-term borrowings Cash and cashequivalents

Net debt

Gross debt to net debt (EURm)

* The Net Debt/EBITDA for Q1-Q3/16 calculated excluding restructuring costs ** In connection with the financing arrangement agreed on December 22, 2016, Caverion and its lending parties confirmed the EBITDA calculation principles related to the Group’s financial covenant (Net Debt/EBITDA). The Net Debt/EBITDA for Q4/16 and Q1/17 has been calculated accordingly.

Financial covenant (Net Debt/EBITDA): ° Net debt/EBITDA in Q1/2017: 3.7x according to

confirmed calculation principles

° The agreed covenant maximum level 5.0x for Q1/2017

° In connection with the hybrid transaction, Caverion has agreed with the lending parties the covenant maximum level of 5.0x for Q2/2017 and Q3/2017

° Covenant shall remain below 3.5x from Q4/2017 onwards

Unused credit facilities comprise of undrawn revolving credit facility amounting to EUR 100.0 million and undrawn overdraft facilities amounting to EUR 19.0 million. The committed revolving credit facility matures on May 2020.

Page 29: Credit Investor Presentation - Caverion Group · Company presentation February 2017 . 2016 figures . Caverion designs, Disciplines . builds, operates and maintains user-friendly and

20 20 20 10

60 5 9 7

35

2

2

010203040506070

2017 2018 2019 2020 2021+Banks Insurance companies Commercial papers Others

62

31 27

10

60

Debt maturity profile, 31 March 2017, EUR million

Debt Structure and impact of EUR 100m hybrid transaction

29 Credit Investor Presentation June 2017

° Net interest-bearing debt EUR 164.9 (145.5) million at end of March 2017

° Average interest rate after hedges 2.1% at the end of March 2017 (12/2016: 1.9%)

° Floating-rate loans accounted for approx. 87% and fixed-rate loans approx. 13 % of the Group’s borrowings

° Issuer shall use the proceeds of the hybrid transaction for refinancing its existing debt and to strengthen its capital structure

° EUR 40 million from hybrid proceeds used to repay term loans maturing in 2021

° Post-transaction, existing bank loan facilities (EUR 90 million remaining on 31 March 2017) combined into one common agreement with final maturity in May 2020

20 20 20 30 5 9 7

35

2

2

010203040506070

2017 2018 2019 2020 2021+Banks Insurance companies Commercial papers Others

62

31 27 30

Pro forma debt maturity profile after EUR 100m hybrid capital, EUR million

Note: Loan portfolio based on end of March 2017 situation.

Page 30: Credit Investor Presentation - Caverion Group · Company presentation February 2017 . 2016 figures . Caverion designs, Disciplines . builds, operates and maintains user-friendly and

Key credit ratios after EUR 100m hybrid transaction Transaction provides a platform to further develop the business

30 Credit Investor Presentation June 2017

11.7 % 78.7 % 90.1 %

23.4 %

2015 2016 Q1/2017 Pro forma*Q1/2017

Gearing, %

26.4 % 18.7 % 19.2 %

26.8 %

2015 2016 Q1/2017 Pro forma*Q1/2017

30

146 165

66

0.3x

2.8x 3.7x

1.5x 0.01.02.03.04.05.0

2015 2016 Q1/2017 Pro forma*Q1/2017

Interest bearing net debt, EURmNet Debt/EBITDA (12m)

In connection with the financing arrangement agreed on December 22, 2016, Caverion and its lending parties confirmed the EBITDA calculation principles related to the Group’s financial covenant (Net Debt/EBITDA). The Net Debt/EBITDA for Q4/16 and Q1/17 has been calculated accordingly. * Pro forma is based on the assumption that Hybrid Bond would have been issued at 31 March 2017. Transaction costs assumed to amount to approximately 1% of the hybrid bond amount.

Equity ratio, %

Q1/2017

183.0

35.0 20.7

129.6

Pro forma* Q1/2017

183.0

99.0 4.3 35.0

20.7 89.6

° Post the EUR 100m hybrid transaction (pro forma comparison to actual Q1/2017 figures): ° Equity ratio improves to 26.8%

(19.2%) ° Gearing improves to 23.4% (90.1%) ° Net debt reduces to EUR 66m (165m) ° Net debt to EBITDA improves to 1.5x

(3.7x) ° According to agreed principles in

force on 31 March 2017 ° The transaction provides Caverion a

platform to further develop its business

Capital structure

Equity

Hybrid

Other

Commercial papers

Insurance

Banks

4.3

Page 31: Credit Investor Presentation - Caverion Group · Company presentation February 2017 . 2016 figures . Caverion designs, Disciplines . builds, operates and maintains user-friendly and

Hybrid transaction

Page 32: Credit Investor Presentation - Caverion Group · Company presentation February 2017 . 2016 figures . Caverion designs, Disciplines . builds, operates and maintains user-friendly and

EUR 100m 4.625% Hybrid Capital Securities – Term Sheet

Credit Investor Presentation June 2017 32

Issuer Caverion Corporation

Size / currency EUR 100 million

Issuer rating Unrated

Status / ranking Hybrid (capital security) NC3. Deeply subordinated, lowest ranking subordinated obligations of the Issuer

Accounting treatment Equity classification under IFRS

Trade Date 9 June 2017

Settlement Date 16 June 2017

Maturity Perpetual

Interest rate 4.625%, Fixed rate for the first 3 years. Payable annually in arrears. Basis is ACT/ACT. Thereafter reset every 3 years at the relevant 3-year swap rate + initial credit spread + step-up of 500 bps. Unpaid interest accumulates. Deferrable at issuer's discretion

Interest deferral Optional, cash cumulative and compounding 12 months look-back pusher event. In the event a minority dividend is declared when deferred interest is outstanding, this triggers a step-up of 500 bps

Optional redemption due to special events

Tax Event (101% / par), Accounting Event (101% / par), Corporate Restructuring Event (101% / par), Withholding Tax Event (par), Replacing Capital Event (103%). Change of Control (par; 500 bps step-up if not called, investment grade rating carve-out)

Governing law Finnish law

Listing No listing

Form of securities Dematerialised securities issued in book-entry form in the book-entry system maintained by Euroclear Finland

Clearing system Euroclear Finland

Denomination EUR 100,000 / EUR 20,000

Joint lead managers Nordea, OP, and SEB

Rationale for hybrid bond transaction: ° Diversifying financing

sources to capital markets ° Balance sheet support

and creating an equity buffer for the short-term turnaround phase in the company

Use of proceeds ° EUR 40 million is utilised

towards the repayment of existing loan facilities

° Remainder is retained as cash for general corporate purposes or utilised towards the repayment of commercial papers

Page 33: Credit Investor Presentation - Caverion Group · Company presentation February 2017 . 2016 figures . Caverion designs, Disciplines . builds, operates and maintains user-friendly and

Appendix

Page 34: Credit Investor Presentation - Caverion Group · Company presentation February 2017 . 2016 figures . Caverion designs, Disciplines . builds, operates and maintains user-friendly and

Key figures

Credit Investor Presentation June 2017 34

EUR million Q1/17 Q1/16 Change 2016 2015

Order backlog 1,543.5 1,589.4 -2.9% 1,408.1 1,461.4

Revenue 582.3 560.6 3.9% 2,364.1 2,443.0

EBITDA excluding restructuring costs 6.8 - 15.6 -

EBITDA margin excluding restructuring costs, % 1.2 - 0.7 -

EBITDA 6.8 11.5 -41.0% -11.4 91.5

EBITDA margin, % 1.2 2.0 -0.5 3.7

Operating profit -0.8 4.8 -40.8 65

Operating profit margin, % -0.1 0.9 -1.7 2.7

Earnings per share, basic, EUR -0.02 0.03 -0.25 0.37

Working capital 17.3 15.6 10.8% -2.6 -15.4

Free cash flow -18.5 -28.8 35.6% -72.1 53.9

Interest-bearing net debt 164,9 59.2 178.4% 145.5 29.8

Gearing, % 90.1 26.7 78.7 11.7

Personnel, end of period 16,679 17,499 16,913 17,399

Page 35: Credit Investor Presentation - Caverion Group · Company presentation February 2017 . 2016 figures . Caverion designs, Disciplines . builds, operates and maintains user-friendly and

Credit Investor Presentation June 2017 35

EUR million 2016 2015 Revenue 2 364.1 2 443.0

Other operating income 1.9 3.3 Materials and supplies -648.2 -663.8 External services -450.8 -426.9 Employee benefit expenses -989.1 -978.2 Other operating expenses -289.2 -286.0 Share of results in associated companies -0.1 0.0 Depreciation, amortisation and impairment -29.5 -26.5

Operating profit -40.8 65.0

Financial income 1.2 0.8 Exchange rate differences (net) 0.2 0.0 Financial expenses -4.1 -4.6

Financial income and expenses -2.6 -3.7

Profit before taxes -43.5 61.3 Income taxes 11.8 -14.7

Net profit for the financial year -31.7 46.6

Attributable to: Owners of the parent -31.7 46.6 Non-controlling interests 0.0 0.0

Income statement

Page 36: Credit Investor Presentation - Caverion Group · Company presentation February 2017 . 2016 figures . Caverion designs, Disciplines . builds, operates and maintains user-friendly and

Credit Investor Presentation June 2017 36

Balance sheet EUR million 2016 2015

Equity attributable to owners of the parent

Share capital 1.0 1.0 Treasury shares -3.2 -3.2 Translation differences -5.5 -6.5 Fair value reserve -0.7 -0.7 Retained earnings 193.1 262.9*)

184.6 253.4*) Non-controlling interests 0.4 0.4 Total equity 185.0 253.7

Non-current liabilities Deferred tax liabilities 51.1 58.3 Pension obligations 45.4 42.5*) Provisions 7.1 9.0 Interest-bearing debts 127.6 75.2 Other liabilities 0.6 0.4 Total non-current liabilities 231.7 185.5

Current liabilities Trade payables 214.1 232.2 Advances received 192.5 195.3 Other payables 258.7 242.6 Income tax liabilities 6.5 8.1 Provisions 30.1 17.7 Interest-bearing debts 65.7 22.7 Total current liabilities 767.6 718.5

Total liabilities 999.3 904.0

TOTAL EQUITY AND LIABILITIES 1 184.3 1 157.7

*) Items in Consolidated Statement of financial position have been corrected to reflect prior period adjustments made in 2016.

EUR million 2016 2015

Non-current assets

Property, plant and equipment 28.3 27.4 Goodwill 339.8 335.7 Other intangible assets 53.0 47.5 Investments in associated companies 0.1 0.2 Available-for-sale financial assets 1.2 1.4 Receivables 3.3 2.6 Deferred tax assets 10.6 1.8*) Total non-current assets 436.4 416.6

Current assets Inventories 30.7 25.4 Trade receivables 378.2 351.7 POC receivables 244.4 254.0*) Other receivables 40.4 41.3 Income tax receivables 6.4 0.6 Cash and cash equivalents 47.7 68.1 Total current assets 747.9 741.2

TOTAL ASSETS 1 184.3 1 157.7

Page 37: Credit Investor Presentation - Caverion Group · Company presentation February 2017 . 2016 figures . Caverion designs, Disciplines . builds, operates and maintains user-friendly and

Credit Investor Presentation June 2017 37

Cash flow statement EUR million 2016 2015

Net profit for the financial year -31.7 46.6

Depreciation, amortisation and impairment 29.5 26.5

Reversal of accrual-based items 12.1 0.0

Financial Income and expenses 2.6 3.7

Gains on the sale of tangible and intangible assets 0.3 -0.1

Taxes -11.8 14.7

Total adjustments 32.8 44.8 Change in trade and other receivables -12.5 -52.2 Change in inventories -2.9 -5.1 Change in trade and other payables -8.2 51.7 Total change in working capital -23.5 -5.6

Operating cash flow before financial and tax items -22.4 85.8 Interest paid -3.9 -4.5 Taxes -12.4 -9.9

Other financial items 1.6 0.1

Net cash generated from operating activities -37.0 71.6

Acquisition of subsidiaries -4.2 0.8

Purchases of property, plant and equipment -10.3 -8.8

Purchases of intangible assets -23.5 -15.5

Other items 0.6 1.4

Net cash used in investing activities -37.4 -22.1

Proceeds from borrowings 80.0 100.0

Repayment of borrowings -24.9 -150.5

Change in current liabilities 34.6 -0.7

Dividends -35.1 -27.6

Other items -0.9 -0.9

Net cash used in financing activities 53.8 -79.6

Net change in cash and cash equivalents -20.6 -30.0

Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the financial period 47.7 68.1

Page 38: Credit Investor Presentation - Caverion Group · Company presentation February 2017 . 2016 figures . Caverion designs, Disciplines . builds, operates and maintains user-friendly and

Credit Investor Presentation June 2017 38

Strong and stable shareholder base As per May 31, 2017

Largest shareholders*

Shares, pcs

% of share Capital

Change after Mar. 2017, pcs

Change after Mar. 2017, %

1 Herlin Antti 17,690,180 14.09 650,000 3.81

2 Structor S.A. (Ehrnrooth family) 17,565,000 13.99 0 0.00

3 Ilmarinen Mutual Pension Insurance Company 5,488,946 4.37 0 0.00

4 Varma Mutual Pension Insurance Company 4,155,706 3.31 0 0.00

5 Fondita funds 3,465,000 2.76 0 0.00

6 Mandatum companies 3,107,618 2.47 16,871 0.55

7 The State Pension Fund 1,850,000 1.47 0 0.00

8 Elo Pension Company 1,611,089 1.28 0 0.00

9 Aktia funds 1,518,860 1.21 0 0.00

10 Nordea funds 1,492,122 1.19 -948,203 -38.86 10 largest, total 57,944,521 46.14

All shares 125,596,092 100

*) Directly registered shareholders as of May 31, 2017. Solero Luxco S.A.R.L (Triton) holding nominee registered since April 2017. Their latest directly registered holding as of March 31, 2017 was 9,716,223 shares (7.74%).

Nominee reg. and non-Finnish 35.7%

Households19.4%

General government11.3%

Financial and insurancecorporations 9.4%

Non-profit institutions4.6%

Non-financial corporationsand housing corporations19.6%

Sector distribution

29,352 owners

Page 39: Credit Investor Presentation - Caverion Group · Company presentation February 2017 . 2016 figures . Caverion designs, Disciplines . builds, operates and maintains user-friendly and

Board of Directors as of March 17, 2017

Michael Rosenlew, Chairman Born 1959, M.Sc. (Econ.). Professional board member. Finnish citizen.

Thomas Hinnerskov Born 1971, M.Sc. (Fin. and Accounting). Executive VP, KONE Central and North Europe and member of the Executive Board, KONE Corporation. Danish citizen.

Anna Hyvönen Born 1968, Lic.Tech. Managing Director, Vianor Holding Oy. Member of the Nokian Tyres’ Management team. Finnish citizen.

Eva Lindqvist Born 1958, M.Sc. (Eng.), MBA. Professional board member. Swedish citizen.

Jussi Aho Born 1968, M.Sc. (Civil Engineering). CEO of Fira Group Oy and Fira Oy. Finnish citizen.

Markus Ehrnrooth, Deputy Chairman Born 1985, M.Sc. (Tech.), B.Sc. Pol. Sc. (Econ.). Co-Founder of Knomi Oy. Finnish and Swedish citizen.

Joachim Hallengren Born 1964, M.Sc. (Civil Engineering). CEO of Bonava AB. Swedish citizen.

Antti Herlin Born 1956, D.Sc. (Econ.) h.c., D.Arts h.c., D.Sc. (Tech) h.c. Chairman of the Board, KONE Corporation. Finnish citizen.

Credit Investor Presentation June 2017 39

Page 40: Credit Investor Presentation - Caverion Group · Company presentation February 2017 . 2016 figures . Caverion designs, Disciplines . builds, operates and maintains user-friendly and

Management Board

Credit Investor Presentation June 2017 40

Divisions

Knut Gaaserud Denmark-Norway

Werner Kühn Germany

Manfred Simmet Austria

Erkki Huusko Industrial Solutions

Niclas Sacklén Eastern Europe

Ville Tamminen Finland

Klas Tocklin Sweden

Matti Malmberg Services Thomas Hietto as of 1/7/2017

Martti Ala-Härkönen Finance

Merja Eskola HR & People Minna Schrey-Hyppänen as of 26/6/2017

Ari Lehtoranta President and CEO

Jarno Hacklin Projects

Anne Viitala Legal & Governance

Sakari Toikkanen Strategy & IT & Communications

Page 41: Credit Investor Presentation - Caverion Group · Company presentation February 2017 . 2016 figures . Caverion designs, Disciplines . builds, operates and maintains user-friendly and

6.5%

2.0%

5.4%

2.2%

2.7%

1.6%

-1.0%

0.0%

1.0%

2.0%

3.0%

4.0%

5.0%

6.0%

7.0%

New

Ren

ovat

ion

New

Ren

ovat

ion

Con

stru

ctio

n

GD

P

RES. . NON-RES.

. TOTAL

CAGR 17-18

GDP and Constr. growth estimates for the Nordics (CAGR 2017-18) Strong new building growth expected in DK, renovation to outgrow new building in Finland

41

FINLAND

Total Construction = Residential, Non-residential and Civil Engineering in total (New and Renovation).

SWEDEN NORWAY DENMARK 1.

7%

1.5%

1.2%

-1.0%

0.0%

1.0%

2.0%

3.0%

4.0%

5.0%

6.0%

7.0%

New

Ren

ovat

ion

New

Ren

ovat

ion

Con

stru

ctio

n

GD

P

RES. . NON-RES.

. TOTAL

CAGR 17-18

3.3%

1.5%

1.7%

2.4%

-1.0%

0.0%

1.0%

2.0%

3.0%

4.0%

5.0%

6.0%

7.0%

New

Ren

ovat

ion

New

Ren

ovat

ion

Con

stru

ctio

n

GD

P

RES. . NON-RES.

. TOTAL

CAGR 17-18

1.9%

2.4%

1.1%

3.5%

1.5%

-1.0%

0.0%

1.0%

2.0%

3.0%

4.0%

5.0%

6.0%

7.0%

New

Ren

ovat

ion

New

Ren

ovat

ion

Con

stru

ctio

n

GD

P

RES. . NON-RES.

. TOTAL

CAGR 17-18

Credit Investor Presentation June 2017 Source: Euroconstruct, December 2017 (construction) and World Economic Outlook, January 2017 (GDP).

Page 42: Credit Investor Presentation - Caverion Group · Company presentation February 2017 . 2016 figures . Caverion designs, Disciplines . builds, operates and maintains user-friendly and

3.0%

9.5%

3.5%

7.5%

1.1%

-1.0%

1.0%

3.0%

5.0%

7.0%

9.0%

New

Ren

ovat

ion

New

Ren

ovat

ion

Con

stru

ctio

n

GD

P

RES. . NON-RES.

. TOTAL

CAGR 17-18

4.7%

1.4%

-1.0%

1.0%

3.0%

5.0%

7.0%

9.0%

New

Ren

ovat

ion

New

Ren

ovat

ion

Con

stru

ctio

n

GD

P

RES. . NON-RES.

. TOTAL

CAGR 17-18

GDP and Construction growth est. for Central and Eastern Europe Modest non-residential outlook for Germany going forward, Russia to recover

42

GERMANY AUSTRIA BALTIC COUNTRIES RUSSIA

Total Construction = Residential, Non-residential and Civil Engineering in total (New and Renovation).

1.6%

1.5%

1.8%

1.1%

1.5%

1.2%

-1.0%

1.0%

3.0%

5.0%

7.0%

9.0%

New

Ren

ovat

ion

New

Ren

ovat

ion

Con

stru

ctio

n

GD

P

RES. . NON-RES.

. TOTAL

CAGR 17-18

1.4%

2.7%

3.1%

3.0%

3.3%

3.1%

-1.0%

1.0%

3.0%

5.0%

7.0%

9.0%

New

Ren

ovat

ion

New

Ren

ovat

ion

Con

stru

ctio

n

GD

P

RES. . NON-RES.

. TOTAL

CAGR 17-18

Credit Investor Presentation June 2017 Source: Euroconstruct, December 2017 (construction) and World Economic Outlook, January 2017 (GDP).

Page 43: Credit Investor Presentation - Caverion Group · Company presentation February 2017 . 2016 figures . Caverion designs, Disciplines . builds, operates and maintains user-friendly and

Headcount development by division Total reduction of 985 employees from the end of June 2016

Credit Investor Presentation June 2017 43

17,664

16,679

6/2016 Sweden-443 HC

Dk-Nor-264 HC

IndustrialSolutions-238 HC

Finland-43 HC

GroupServices-38 HC

EasternEurope23 HC

Austria-6 HC

Germany24 HC

3/2017

Page 44: Credit Investor Presentation - Caverion Group · Company presentation February 2017 . 2016 figures . Caverion designs, Disciplines . builds, operates and maintains user-friendly and

16,679 employees at the end of March

Credit Investor Presentation June 2017 44

Group-wide efforts to develop a Caverion way of working ° Work safety, well-being and code of

conduct as a constant priority. ° Developing further service and

performance excellence culture.

Developing competitiveness through people ° Activities to match business demand

and supply of right resources continued in all divisions

° Special attention paid to project management capabilities

° Strengthening of managerial capabilities

Denmark-Norway 20%Sweden 18%Germany 15%Industrial Solutions 16%Finland 15%Austria 5%Eastern Europe 11%Group Services 1%

Employees by division 3/2017

17,399 17,499

17,664

17,281

16,913

16,679

Q4/15 Q1/16 Q2/16 Q3/16 Q4/16 Q1/17

Number of employees (end of period)