AAbuse of authority Actions by a police officer, under the guise of his or her

authority, that tend to injure, insult, trespass on human dignity, and/or violate a citizen's inherent civil rights.

السلطة استخدام إساءة

Accountability Having to answer for one's conduct. Both police organizations and individual officers are distinctly accountable to the public, elected officials, and the courts for how well they control crime, maintain order, and perform these tasks while remaining in compliance with the law.

مسائلة

Accreditation The process of voluntary professional self-regulation that serves as a final approach to establishing minimum national standards in policing.

اعتماد

Affirmative action Originating in 1965, a court-ordered plan establishing specific goals and timetables for the employment of minorities and women for any private employer or government agency receiving federal funds.

اإليجابي التمييز

AKA (also known as): alias ، بـ المشهور بـ، المعروفبـ الملقب

Alarm إنذار جهازAlice Stebbins Wells  

A leader of the policewomen's movement, organized the International Association of Policewomen in 1915.

ولز ستيبينز أليس

A/O An acronym often used in case reporting, for "arresting officer." اعتقال ضابطAcquittal (also known as absolution) Definition: Judgment that a criminal defendant has not been

proved guilty beyond a reasonable doubt. Common Misspellings: AcquitalExamples: The acquittal of a programmer charged with breaking DVD encryptions could result in the entertainment industry's efforts to get tougher copyright laws enacted.

تبرئة

admission Definition: A person’s acknowledgment of his/her involvement in criminal behavior, but not in itself sufficient to establish guilt.

اعتراف ( ليس ولكن إقرار( إدانة إلى يؤدي

Affidavit Definition: A written statement of facts confirmed by the oath of the party making it, before a notary or officer having authority to administer oaths.Common Misspellings: afadavitExamples: The juror, who learned years after the trial, of the child abuse the criminal suffered, later stated in an affadavit that "John's lawyer made very little effort to defend him."

( مشفوعة ( خطية شهادةبقسم

Aggravated Definition: (offense; e.g. aggravated assault, aggravated battery): A condition which makes an offense more serious, and subjects the offender to greater punishment. Examples: Using a deadly weapon, or wearing clothing that conceals one's identity, in the commission of an assault, constitutes

( لالعتداء ( صفة بالغ

aggravated assault. Arrest warrant A judicial order to law enforcement to arrest a specific person.

This person will be then formally charged with a crime./ ضبط اعتقال مذكرة

Assault A physical attack on someone اعتداءAssessment The fourth stage of the SARA model of problem-oriented

policing, in which the effectiveness of the response is evaluated through rigorous feedback that allows for revision if the response is not successful.

تقييم

Assessment center A technique used in police departments to evaluate the ability of an applicant to handle the job being sought through promotion.

Bbadge A symbol or an emblem worn on a police uniform or carried by

detectives to show they are policemen.شارة

baton A short stick carried by a policeman and used as a weapon هراوة

Eentrapment The unethical acts of law enforcement inducing or encouraging

a person to commit a crime that the person would not have been predisposed to have committed. A court will usually look to whether the idea for the commission of the criminal act originated with the defendant or with law enforcement. Entrapment is a complete defense to the crime charged.

/ / نصب األحبولة بالشرك اإليقاعفخ

Ffalse arrest-  The unlawful detaining of someone by law

enforcement without legal cause. Legal cause is that determination by law enforcement that there is probable cause to believe a crime has been committed. The act of false arrest by law enforcement is rarely the basis of a lawsuit.

/ / غير ً قانونا جائز غير شرعي غير اعتقالقانوني/ مسوغ له ليس قانوني

fresh pursuit-  The present and immediate pursuit by law enforcement of a fleeing suspect.

الفورية المطاردة

LLie detector OR polygraph- More commonly known as a lie

detector, it is a device designed to measure الكذب كشف جهاز

physiological responses resulting from specific questions being asked of the subject. The theory being that when one lies the body reacts by increasing breath and heart rate. While polygraphs are not allowed as evidence of guilt or innocence in a court of law, law enforcement and prosecutors have been known to rely on them heavily in determining whether to pursue a defendant.

Oordinance-  A local statute legislated by a city or municipality.

Most ordinances are infractions. ( بلدية ( أو لمدينة تابع محلي قانون

PPowers of arrest االعتقال سلطةPolygraph (lie detector)

 See “lie detector” الكذب كشف جهاز

Protective custody

The placing of a person in government control so as to protect that person from threats of danger. Protective custody is sometimes used to help a child who has been threatened or abused by his parents.

الوقائي التحفظ

Public benefits -  Public assistance programs of the federal or state governments.

العام الصالح برامجPublic defender- The public official regularly assigned by the courts

to defend people accused of crimes who cannot afford a private attorney.

عام دفاع محامي

SSARA Scan, Analyze, Respond, and Assess استجابة، ( سارااختصار تحليل، مسح،

تقييم)

WWhite-collar crimes Within the field of criminology, white-collar crime

has been defined by Edwin Sutherland as "a crime committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of his occupation".

/ البيضاء الياقات اصحاب ذوي جرائم

ZZero tolerance policy

/ التسامح التهاون عدم سياسة

Zero tolerance policing

Based on the belief that aggressive enforcement of disorder will motivate residents to better care for their community, a policy that calls for the police to focus primarily on disorder, minor crime, and the appearance of crime through interventions that vigorously enforce criminal and civil laws and are conducted for the purpose of restoring order to communities.

/ دون النظام فرض تهاون بال النظام ضبطهوادة